The New York Herald Newspaper, January 29, 1859, Page 4

"4 NEW YORK HERALD. JaMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. Orrwe x. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND WASSAU 818 Volume XEIV......ccesseeeesseeesseeeecees ORS AMUSEMENTS THIS KVENING. WAY THEATRE, Broadway.—Afternoon—M." sBOAM oor Musa Bor.” Byeniog Tir—Ma amPrA. LOS: DEN, Broadway.—Afvernoon and Evening— CMIBUOS conuiscei—Teaimeo Houses, MULES, <c. WERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Tux Taras Fast Min, en: FEMaLs Roainson Cavsoxs. RIONS NEW THEATRE, Broadway—Lire ix Inz- LON RD Awgnica-Ovk Gat—Tnisit Lion, WALLACK’S THEATRE, Brosdway.—Tux VETERAN ; OR, FRANCE AND ALGERIA. LAURA KEENE’S THEATRE, No. 6% Brosdwiy.—Ovr AweRican Oovsin—AcNT CusKLorte’s MAID, <UM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway— 4{fter~ oA Eibaikge Nuon MensrmsisY-—Cumostnies, So ‘WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 563 Broadway— meonan bones, ‘Danoxs, 40.—New Yaar Cais, TS’ MINSTRELS, MECHANICS’ HALT. 427 Broad: war Hao Songs ano Burixsquas—Ricwaxn 11. FEN’S CAMPBELL MINSTRELS. 444 Brosdwsy.— wecooits, Bunuesques, &c,—Puoun-t-THiEvEs, 2 F MUSIC, Fourteenth astreet.—Pror. Mrr- oA CAREMT Dox sue Giigar PHORUM OF Tink UNIVERSE. New York, Saturday, January 29, 1859, The News, By the arrival of the steamship Mlinois from Aspinwall, and the Empire City, from Havana, at this port, and the Arabia, from Liverpool at Hal fax, yesterday, we have interesting news from nearly all parts of the globe. ‘The latest dates are— Tahiti, Soc. Islands Nov. 10. Callao... seaDee. 27. Hong Kong... . 80, Paita. 30. Sandwich Islands..Dec. 2. Costa Rica 2, Calcutta. . 8. Guayaquil 2. Dec. 16. Liverpool. 15, London 15. Paris.. . . 14. ‘an Juan del Norte.Jan. 17. City of Mexico....Jan. 19. . Vera Cru: . 24. .-Dec. 26, Havana. Jan. 2, The news from Europe is to the 15th instant, one week later than previously received advices, and is unusually important. Disquietude continued on the Continent. A panic had prevailed in all the money markets. The funds in Turkey had fallen three per cent, in Russia three, in Sardinia five, in France five, and in Austria six, while in London a steady decline is noticed, the latest quotations of consols being 954 a 95% for both money and account. It is estimated that during two weeks the nominal value of public securities declined sixty millions of pounds sterling. Rumors of war still prevailed; but Austria was rapidly concentrating troops at various points in Italy, France had assumed a more pacific attitude, and it was believed that the crisis had passed. At Liverpool cottton had declined one-eighth of a penny, though some circulars state that the de- cline amounts to a sixteenth only. Breadstufls continued dull. The steamship Arago sailed from Southampton on the 12th for New York, and the Circassian left Galway on the Ith for St. Johns. The steamer Propellor, of the Galway and New York line, got ashore in Galway harbor, and sustained serious damage. The Arabia brings later news from India and China. Commissioner Reed had published portions of the tariff in the Hong Kong papers, and the par. ticulars will probably reach us by the next steamer. The Dlinois brings the San Francisco mails to the 5th inst., and $1,210,713 in treasure. The general news has been anticipated by the overland route, and by advices to the Sth received via Tehuan tepec. The steamship Washington, which left this port on the 26th ult. for Greytown, finding it impossible to send her passengers across the Isthmus, pro- ceeded to Aspinwall, and after a brief delay at that place left on the 19th inst. on her voyage to San Francisco via Cape Horn. Our correspondent on board furnishes a sketch of the outward passage to Aspinwall. ‘The news from Sonora is important. The annual message of Governor Pesqueira, Governor of Sono- ra, had been published. He charges bad faith on our government in not preventing the incursions of the Apaches into Sonora from our territory, and recommends that a demand be made on the United States for the damage they have done. The Gover- nor offers 2,000 Sonorians to punish the Indians, which the United States are to pay. The message proposes that we pay a premium fur each Apache captured. Besides their cheapness, the Sonorians | can range on each side of the line, if in the service of the United States, in chase of the Indians. The Governor also urges the “just and humane Cabinet at W ton’ to form a territorial government for Arizona at once, thatit may no longer be a place of refuge for outlaws. He says it will cost no more to support tho: 600 Sonorians “than to feed those gigantic hor: { the dragoons alone;” and the cause of these troops offe: to serve cheap is because the United States pays cash, while Mexico is unable todo so. The Governor thinks the United States has given up the Pacific Railroad project, and established communication by mules and horses. Copious details of the news from Central Ameri- ca are given in letters from our correspondents at San Juan del Norte, Realejo, Managua, Leon, Punta Arenas (Costa Rica), La Union (San Salvador), and San Jose (Guatemala), published elsewhere in to-day's fir. Sir Wm. Gore Ouseley, the British Minister, had arrived at Leon, and after the customary presentation ceremonies, proceeded at once tothe work of negotiating a treaty with the Secretary of Foreign Relations of Nicaragua. This treaty, so far as relates to the Transit route, is said not to differ much from the Cass-Yri- sarri convention. Our Minister, Gen. Lamar, was at Managua, awaiting the opening of Congress, which had been delayed in consequence of the non” attendance of members. The Costa Rican Congress had held an extra session, and ratified the contract entered into between Nicaragua and Costa Rica on the one hand, and Messrs. Belly and Millaud on the other, with refefence to the Transit route. The contract had also received the signature of Presi- dent Mora, InSan Salvador the elections had taken place, and resulted generally in favor of the govern ment. The Congress of Guatemala opened on the ‘25th ult. The President, in his message, represents the republic as in a prosperous condition. From New Granada we learn that the govern amels, ment at Bogota had effected a large loan with the | traders and wealthy citizens in the capital, and that @ great improvement had taken place in the finan- cial prospects of the government in consequence. Btate debts would be redaced, and the arrears of official salaries paid up. Englishand German capi- talists had invested large sums of money in agricul- tural improvements, and profitable crops of to- baceo were being raised. Lands vanced in value. The bark cuttings on the Magdalena had been suspended. A negro revolt, | headed by the Alcade, had broken out at San Miguel, the principal island of the Pearl group, It was caused by the immoralities and harshness of the officials in charge, and was soon quelled. The United States ship St. Marys had been heard from. She wis at Acapulco. The British way st Vixen had reached Panama from lt where she landed Sir William Gore Ousete gud sailed again to convey him to Parts had ad- | NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 29, 1859. Arenas. Great preparations had been made for the Presidential election in the republic. The French ex-Governor of Tahiti had arrived at Pana- ma on his way home, with reports on the annexa- tion movement towards the United States. An in- crease to the United States squadron in the Pacific was called for. Panama was very healthy. The excitement between the negroes and whites on the Isthmus was }enewed in consequence of the shoot- ing of a colored man by a clerk in the British con- sulate. From the South Pacific we have advices dated Valparaiso the 16th, Callao the 26th, Paita the 30th of December, and Guayaquil on the 2d inst. The news is important. The steamer which conveyed itto Panama brought, in addition $203,000 in spe- cie. In Chile the revolutionary movement which had agitated the republic for some time was about to take a definite form, and the existing govern- meut was in much danger of an overthrow, provided the opposition found a vigorous leader. Valpa- aiso, Santiago, and Aconcagua, were placed under martial law. The Valparaiso Mercurio newspaper was suspended by government order, and many other printing offices had been closed. A number of persons had been arrested and imprisoned. Sa- muel Haviland, a well known and respected Ameri" can of Santiago, died at his residence in that city, onthe 14th ult, The steamer Callao arrived at Valparaiso from Liverpool in forty-four days. A riot, produced by native trades-unionists, who opposed the landing of wooden houses built in the United States, had taken place in Callao, and another Peru, vian revolution was looked for. Peru was about to purchase quicksilver in California and Spain, to be sold by government at cost price, in order to put a stop to inordinate speculation in the article. Ecna- dor was still blockaded by the fleet of Pern, but nothing additional of importance had been effected on eithe: e. Trade was very dull at Valparaiso, and all business was entirely suspended ingCallao. By tel h from New Orleans we have news from raz to the 24th, and from the City of Mexico to the 19th ult. It was reported that the French and English ministers had notified the government thet unless within six days million of dollars was not forthcoming to satisfy claims vets of their respective countries would take jon of Vera Cruz and Tampico. Robles still 1 authority at the capica!. Miramon was s way to the capital, and it was rumored that he,would not accept the Presidency, nor support Robles forthat office, but that he would adhere to the plan of Zuloaga. The dates ftom Havana are to the 25th inst., and contain little of importance. Sugars were steady, while [freights and exchange remained as before reported. By an arrival from Rio Janeiro we have news from al! the South American States. The Pa: guans, if we may judge from the tone of the pi of that country, are determined not to submit to what they term the insulting demands of the United States, und will resist to the last extremity all at- tempts at coercion by our fleet. A commercial letter from Kingston, Jamaica, s the business of the past fortnight has been a e. Produce remains quiet. An advance aken place, which is not likely to be ined. We have to call attention to the fol- lowing additional duties imposed by special act of the Legislature, from the 22d of December:—Flour, 2s. per bbl.; codfish, 6d. per ewt.; wheat, 3d. per bushel. From the Society l#lands we learn that trade was dull at ‘iahiti on the 10th of November. The only foreign vessels in port were the American whaler Caravan, from the Arctic, and the bark Har- vest, from Honolulu. Captain Bragg, of the Cara- yan, had been in poor health, and while at the north had been laboring under a species of insani- ty. The new Governor of Tahitiis said to be a more liberal man than any of his predecessors, and has instituted a new order of things. Details of the last news from the Sandwich 1s Jands have come to hand, but the main points of it have been already published in the Heratp. Nothing of importance occurred in Congress yse- terday, except the passage of the Consular and Diplomatic Appropriation bill in the House. During the fog early yesterday morning a dread- ful disaster occurred in the East river, near Black- well’s Island, caused by the Harlem steamboat Syl yan Shore coming in collision with one of the Black well’s Island yawl ferry boats, precipitating the crew, ten in number, into the water, drowning three of them, named Michael Graham, Thomas Lee and Daniel Mahoney. The others were res- cued. The Aldermanic Committee on Markets met yes- terday to consider the documents sent in to the Board by City Inspector Morton. It recommended the reformation of the present market system, which it stated might be much improved, and dwelt especially on the present condition of Washington | Market, but it did not specify explicitly where or by what means the improvements might be effect- ed. The City Inspector appeared before the com- mittee, and entered into a lengthy explanation of | his views, but they contained nothing new in refe- rence to the regulations or management of the markets. The Aldermanic Committee on Streets met yes- terday in relation to the removal of the telegraph poles. A good deal of argumunt was adduced for | and against the expediency of having the street | wires underground, and some property owners on | came forward and complained of them as nuisances | as they now exist. On the opposite side, those who spoke dweit on the impracticability of having | the wires underground and the evil of restricting | telegraphic communication. The proceedings al- | together were very interesting; but our report is crowded out to-day by the press of matter. | Another meeting of the committee will be held next Wednesda hen both parties are expected | to marshal all their forces for the final meeting. | Richard Warren, the newly elected President of | the Board of Education, gave a dinner to a party } of his friends, numbering 150, which came off last evening at the Astor House. The table was sup- H plied in manner characteristic of the Astor | reputation. Speeches were delivered by Peter | Cooper, Dr. Bellows, Judge Wate Mr. | Warren himself, and others, and the company en- joyed themselves in a mostsociable manner till after midnight. The European news by the Arabia at Halifax was re celved at too late a period in the day for its effect upon this market to be developed, Before the news came to hand about 1,800 bales of cotton were gold on the basis of about 123/¢. for middling uplands. After the news was published no sales were reported. Flour was again firm- er, while the sales were checked by the weather and the enhanced views of holders. The market cloged at a fur: | ther advance for common on’ medium grades. Wheat ‘was more active and firmer Corn was inactive and heavy, but withont change of moment in quotations, Pork closed with some less buoyancy; new mess gold at $18 25 a $18 31, cloging at the inside Ogure; old mess sold at $17 6234 a $17 75, and prime at $13 26 a $13 6214 Sugars were steady, while, owing to the rain, sales were | confined to 100 a 200 hhds., while 800 boxes were sold at private terms. Day before yesterday the sales of Rio coftee embraced 11,000 bags, which swept the market of | all in first hands, Yesterday three cargocs arrived, viz, the Dawn, with about 4,000 bags; the Mary A. Vorrest, with 2,50, and the Courier, with 7,000 bags. A cir. cular by the Dawn, of the 18th of December, states that between the 10th and 18th of that month the market had been quite active, and the tales very large, having amounted to no less than 140,000 bags, of which 95,000 bags were taken for the Unit . The | first eales were effected at m decline of 100 reis, but on | the 18th the market rallied, and closed for superior at 44900 0.5100; good fest at 4/650 a 41900; firat ordinary at 4)250 44/400. The stock on band embraced 60,000 bags, Freights to Southern ports were at 50c. a 60c., and ou i ‘18th for New York, 50¢ Bo) dat 58/000, for assa Cargoes of pine lumber we ments for 3, 4, 6, 6x9, while sold at 40a 41/000. 1, id at 80 rels por foot. kx change was vominal at Froights in this markct were dull yesterday, aud eugagoments light. 19) or The Presidential Question, the Administra- tion and the Democracy. The democratic party, which, from the very verge of destruction in 1856, was saved through the nomination of Mr. Buchanan for the Presi- dency, if saved in 1860 will be saved through the sagacious recommendations of the annual message of Mr. Buchanan of December, 1858. No laborious presentation of political statis- tice, historical facts, party witnesses and circum- stantial details can be demanded now, by the in- telligent political reader, to satisfy him that the democracy and the opposition forces of the country are in a most lamentable condition of discord, disintegration and dissolution. From several prominent democratic journals at this moment lying before us, our opinion, heretofore repeatedly expressed, that there is no longer a democratic party, in the broad national sense of the term, is fully borne out. The old elements of the progressive Jacksonian democracy stil! exist; but the conflicting schemes, views and platforms of the various Presidential aspirants and President making cliques of the party have cut it up into as many clashing revolutionary factions as there are in Mexico. Very true, there is still attached to the administration the nucleus of a solid national organization; but it is only, as matters now stand, one of these various existing divisions of the party. There is the Douglas “popular sovereignty” division of the North and Northwest, whose car- dinal principle is the absolute jurisdiction and supremacy of the people of the Territories re- spectively over the question of slavery therein. The Northern State elections of last autumn have disclosed, very significantly, the zeal and the strength of this Douglas wimg of the party as a political balance of power. Opposed to this faction, however, and its hobby of “popular sovereignty,’ we have a strong division of the party in the South, which declares that Con- gress has the power, and that it is the duty of Congress, to interpose in such acts of positive legislation as may be required to protect the in- stitution of slavery in the Territories against the prejudices and local hindrances of the white free soil squatters thereof. Singularly enough, too, the central Virginia organ of Gov. Wise—the staunch defender of the anti-Lecompton rebel-_ lion of Douglas—is the leading advocate of this pro-slavery Territorial policy of Congressional intervention. Between these two divisions of the stultified democracy upon the slavery question, there can be nothing but an everlasting split, should the experiment be made at Charleston of forcing the policy of the one faction or the other into the national party platform. There is a disagree" ment in the party equally marked, North and South, upon the tariff question, repre- sented on the one side by Mr. Bu- chanan’s judicious recomendations of a reve- nue tariff, embracing that incidental pro- tection which may be extended to our home manufactures, through the discriminating policy of specific duties; and, on the other side, by the free trade ad valorem recommendations of Mr. Secretary Cobb. The experimental votes or de- bates in Congress, and the dead lock of the Com- mittee of Ways and Means upon this subject, seem to indicate, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that nothing can be done in the way of a party policy upon the tariff, to satisfy the Southern free traders, without alienating the indispen- sable protective tariff democracy of Pennsylva- nia, and vice versa. . Then, again, in behalf of the Southern State rights, strict constructionists of the Virginia school of Jobn Taylor of Caroline, we have had, through the Richmond Enguirer, the most indignant remonstrances against what they call the “old federal doctrines” of Mr. Buchanan, as presented in his practical recommendations con- cerning the Pacific Railroad project, a general Jaw of bankruptcy, including banks and corpo- rations, a military protectorate over the North- ern provinces of Mexico, and certain discretion- ary military powers in regard to the internation- al affairs of the Central American States, &c. Nor is this all of this additional schedule of democratic disturbances; for upon the question of the revival of the African slave trade, as be- trayed in the lively impromptu debate in the House the other day, it appears that not a few of the active leading democratic politicians of the South are ready, upon the affirmative of this question, to make it a political issue, regardless of consequences. Now, let us suppose that all these conflicting cliques, factions, sections, principles, kinks and crotchets of the wrangling and discordant de- mocracy are brought together, cheek by jowl, in the Charleston Convention. There they are; but what can they do? What candidate or plat- form can they adopt upon the territorial slavery question, the tariff question, the bankrupt ques- tion, the Pacific Railroad question or the slave trade question’? A democratic row will be inevi- table, we apprehend, and a split in the conven- tion and a division of the party upon two or three scrub candidates, should the experiment of a nomination or a platform be attempted upon any of these issues, in any shape. Where, then, is the line of safety, of reunion and harmony, for the divided democracy? It is comprehended in the new policy chalked out in the President’s message—a policy which contem- plates the sinking of all these existing factions, splits and sectional crotchets and quibbles, and personal cliques and animosities, in some great, overshadowing issue, appealing directly to the popular pulse of the country. The thirty million Cuba*bill presents us an issue of of this complexion, and from the signs of alarm and confusion which it has created in the opposition camps, and from the evidences of “a happy accord” which it has already developed among the democracy in Congress, there can be no rational doubt ofa cordial re- union of the rank and file and sum and substance of the whole democratic twnily around the common nucleus of the administration, upon this great and fascinating movement, in the event of the passage of the bill. Let the bill be passed, and the administration, under the authority of the bill, will, we be- lieve, soon make the Cuba question an issue—and a peace issuc—of such proportions, magnitude and popularity, that the democracy, by the ele- mentary law of gravitation, will, in the year 1860, be found in solid phalanx for Cuba, as they were in 1844 for Texas, Thus making the issue of the campaign, the democracy will reduce the opposition, as in 1844, to the necessity ofa fusion upon the defensive, with a similar result. Otherwise, upon slavery or Kansas, and terri- torial squatter sovereigaty, and Congressional intervention, and specifics, and ad valorems, and protection, and free trade and ¢trict con- struction upon the Pacific Railroad, and other is sues, and upon the slave tr and filibus- tering and the administration the de- mocracy, it all probability 5) iuty the fight of 1860 hopelessly cut up into sections and fac- tions, and come out of it as dead as the old whig perty, The Cuba bill, and nothing but some such remedy as the Cubs bill, can cure the party of all its sore afflictions. | qhe European Money Lenders and the Ame- rican Loan—The Coming Time for Action on Our Part. It has been a subject of remark in political and financial circles here and in Washington, that among the offers for the recent ten million American loan the names of Mr. Belmont and other large agents for European interests do not appear. ‘A good deal of curiosity is excited by this fact and on all sides there is inquiry for an explana tion of it. We think quite s sufficient explanation can be found in the state of affairs on the Continent of Europe since the coming in of the new year. On that day a few angry words and an excited tone from Louis Napoleon to the Austrian ambassa- dor bad set all Europe in an uproar. The politi- cal and financial circles of every capital on the Continent were in a state of great agitation, and a panic occurred in all public securities. Pri- vate letters which came from the highest sources in Europe, and particularly from Paris, were very warlike. They all concurred in believing that a season of great public loans was at hand, and the belief was generally expressed that be- fore midsummer the value of money would ex- perience an extraordinary increase. Russia was already in the market for some forty millions of dolars, and the snnual budgets of both Austria and Sardinia showed that they could not get along, even if peace were maintained, without becoming pretty large borrowers, And then all that hangs upon the “if peace is maintained.” The position of France keeps every Power in Europe on the alert, and forces all of them to maintain their military establish- ments upon a war footing. The impression has permeated the monetary circles of the Old World that this hollow show of peace cannot long endure, and that as summer approaches the ar- mies will be found in motion: Louis Napoleon has reproduced so faithfully the acts and policy of his uncle that men begin to read the future in the records of the first empire. These show a wish to be at peace with England, and a deter- mination to humble Ausiria. We know how far the latter has been obtained by Louis Napoleon, and to what a pitch of power it has carried him. The only doubt is, how long can the Anglo- French dlliance be maintained after the first French gun has been fired upon the Adige or the Rhine. At present England seems to wish to be counted out in the next European war. British political economists are beginning to per- ceive that the balance of power in Europe has no sympathy with the balance of trade in Liver- pool and Manchester, and they look on the latter instead of the former as the keystone of British greatness and social developement. It is still a question whether the well being of the nation, or the selfish interests of family dynas- ties and cliques, rule the policy of Great Britain. Before that doubt can be removed, some great statesman must come forward there, with the valor to discard worn out traditions, and adopt a new policy, as has been done by Mr. Buchanan here and Louis Napoleon in France. It is these doubts and perplexities that disturb the moneyed interests of Europe which have prevented their offering for the American loan. They have an instinctive quickness to perceive danger ; every faculty is sharpened by its ap- proach ; they have an intimate and early know- ledge of the highest Cabinet secrets; and, from their shrinkings and attractions, the coming as pect of the political atmosphere may be foretold, as that of the physical atmosphere may be prog- nosticated from the barometer. The accounts to-day from Europe tell us that the panic had somewhat subsided ; but public securities, cot- ton, breadstufis and nearly every staple of com- merce continued to decline—in other words, the value of money continued to enhance. These signs foretell to us that the time for taking our next step in the path of empire is approaching. The coming season of complications in European politics will be our time for action. But Congress must con- fer upon the President the power and the means to act. Without them he can do nothing but fold his hands and look wistfully on. The coming week will show whether Congress is equal to the performance of the duty it owes to itselt and to the country. The Italian Question. The accounts received by the Arabia show that the anxiety created by the present disquict- ing aspect of Italian affairs is far from abating. The London money market, which may be con- sidered the only infallible barometer of the finan- cial feeling in Enrope, continues steadily to de- cline. The quotations of consols by the Europa were 963; by the Arabia they are 95j—show- ing a further depression of §. The Paris Bourse manifests, it is said,a slight improve- ment; but this indication is not to be relied upon. The influences which govern it are of a charac- ter which prevent its being regarded as a faith- ful reflex of public feeling in France. Although, therefore, we are told that the panic created by Louis Napoleon's New Year's salutations to Ba- ron Hubner is on the decrease, we cannot bat infer from the continued downward tendency of the Eugish and the fluctuating aspect of the French funds, that the public mind in both coun- tries is still in the most agitated and restless state. The only point in the news from Italy itself is the fact that the Austrian reinforcements had reached their different destinations, and that the partisans of Austrian rule felt strengthened in their hopes of keeping down the threatened re- volt. These thirty thousand Austrian troops they expect will be sufficient to stifie the aspira- tions of the Italian mind, and to keep it in its present state of degradation. This time, how- ever, it is likely that the calculation will be dis- appointed. The movement in progress of or- ganization is no mere conspiracy of carbonari or red republicans, with the dagger or poison as its means, and universal confusion as its end. It is not to men like Mazzini or Ciceravecchio that its details are entrusted, Its action will be the action of an entire nationality, not the spasmo- dic effort of faction, The young life, the ma- tured intellect, and the aristocratic and eocial in- fluences of the whole [talian peninsula form the elements of which it is composed. To the re- sontments and the energies born at home, it unites the extraneous conditions which en- lightened patriots like Gioberti aud Massi- mo d’Azeglio dvemed essential to the suo- cess of Italian independence. During the troubles that heralded the revolutionary move- ment of 1848, these sagacious writers repeatedly warned their countrymen that miniatu tions could lead to nothing but in mischiet; that Spain and Greece only their independence in establishing Urouga foreign aid and alliances, and that no changes in Italy could be permanently advantageous, ¢x- cept such as were supported or acquiesced in by one or more of the leading Powers. It is this advice which seems to form the basis of the plan acted upon by the men who are at the head of the present movement. Although t altogether succeed in repressing the tions of discontent and impatience which themselves simultaneously at different points, they yet contrive to prevent them assuming a gravity which would have the effect of precipitating events. They everywhere tell their adherents that if they will only wait till the spring, they will have, instead of a small revolution, a great war. The assurance re- ceives a substantial confirmation from the gratuitous insult offered at a public reception to the Austrian Minister by Louis Napoleon, and which can bear no other interpretation than that of a hostile intervention in Italy. Piedmont has, as it is well known, been long making her preparations for this event; and the moment that a French army crosses the Adige, it is probable that Lombardy will be overran with Sardinian troops. The summons sent to Garibaldi from Turin, and the questions put to him on the sub- ject of a militia organization, sufficiently indi- cate the strategic direction intended to be given to the campaign. Some of the English journals console them- selves with the belief that if France be really in earnest in this project, its results will be confined to Italy. We cannot coincide in this view. Once the flames of war are lighted on the Conti- nent, it will be impossible to fix the limits to which they will extend. Take the case of Na- ples for example. Vindictive as Russia must they ebul! are feel towards Austria, and gratified as she no doubt will be to see her punished by the loss of her Italian territories, it is certain that she will never con- sent to the expulsion of King Bomba, or, in- deed, to any forcible interference with his political system. Whilst most of the other Eu- ropean Powers were arrayed against Russia on the questions which led to the Crimean war, it will be recollected that King Ferdinand alone openly sympathized with her. Should, there- fore, the protectorate which France threatens to extend over Italy embrace Naples in its scope, it is more than probable that Alexander will repay his father’s debt of gratitude by coming to his aid. We merely instance this as one of the maay eventualities arising out of this Italian question, which render it impossible, even for those who have given the impulse to the movement, to fix the precise bounds to which it may carry them. To those, therefore, who ridicule the idea ofa general war growing out of this Franco-Italian movement, we would say, be not too strong in your incredulity. From how much less important causes have equally deplorable results flowed! The upheavings of a despot and priest ridden na- tionality are surely not less powerful grounds for such anticipations than a fancied aggression upon territorial rights, er an apprehended dis- turbance of the provisions of some useless treaty. We repeat, that the present indications in Italy are of acharacter to justify the anxiety and uneasiness which ‘pervade the financial world abroad. For us the only result will be to facilitate the removal of the obstacles which lie in the way of the great projects which are now occupying the public mind of this country, and more particularly of the acquisition of Cuba. Much as we may regret the misery and distress to which a European war will fora time give rise, we cannot but feel that they will be largely compensated for by the impulse that it will give to republican institutions, both in the Old World and in the New. Tue Pactrre Rartroapd Brit, as Passe BY THE Sewate.—The Pacific railroad bill,as passed by the Senate, was reduced to a very simple proposi- tion, to wit—the advertisement, through two newspapers in each State, of proposals for the building of a railroad across to the Pacfic ocean from the Mississippi valley, along a Northern route, a central route, and a Southern route— bids for each and all of these several routes to be submitted to the next Congress. Mr. Senator Gwin, of California, upon the spur of the moment, was prompted to de- nounce this elementary shaping of the bill as the consummation of “the greatest farce ever accomplished by any legislative body;’’ but the next morning (yesterday) he apologized for the offensive observation; and very properly, too, we think, considering the bill,as we do, one of the most sensible decisions of the Senate upon any public measure for many years. The enterprise in view clearly calls for this preliminary pro- ceeding, and it ought to be passed by the House as the best possible device for ascertaining the approximate cost of the road by the several routes indicated. The proposals thus invited will throw a flood of light over the whole subject, and give to Congress that practical information concerning the probable costs of a Northern, a Central and a Southern road, which only the test of business proposals can bring out. The vote upon the bill, even in the sectionally unobjectionable and conciliatory shape in which it has passed, exhibits a very remarkable sec- tional division of the Senate. Look at it:— POR THE BILL. (Democrats in Roman; repablicaus in ftalies; Know Nothings in small capitals.) Buts., Tennessee. Bigler, Penusylyania, Bright, Ino! Broderick, California. Camerim, © Chandler, Michigan, k, New Ha OntrreNDEN, Kentucl Doolattle, Wisconsin, Durkee, Wisconsia. Foot, Vermont. fawin, California, Harian, iowa, Fessenden, Maine. Foster, Coonevtien Hayle, Main Horstos, Tex: Jones, [ow Poik, Mi Selabtiay 1808 Shielas, Minnese Stuart, Michigau. Wade, Onio. Trombuil, Liaois. Wilson, Massachusetts, 31, AGAINST. Rayard, Delaware. Brown, Mississippi Clay, Alabama PHapatrick, Alabama, Honer, Virginia, Jolson, Menueriee, Clingman, North Carolina, Green, Missouri. Ivereon, Georgin. King, New York: Pearce, Maryland. Reid, North Carolina. Slicetl, L ‘Thompson, New Jersey. ‘Toombs, Yulee, Florida —20. Parxp Ory.—Fitch of Indiava, with Hammond, of Sout Carolina; Colamer, of Vermont, with Jobnson, of Ar kaneas, Mallory, of Florida, with Wright, of New Jor- sey—6, ‘Aneto on Nor Vorinc —Messrs. Hale, of New Hamp shire; Sumner, of Massachusetts; Allan, of Rhode Isiand ; Hates, of Delaware; Davis, ot Mississippi; Thompson, of Kentucky; Ward, of Texas—7. RRCAPITOLATION —For the bill, 31: against it, 29; paired off, 6; absent or not voting, 7—Tota! 64. This, we say, is a remarkable division of the Senate, For the bill we find only two Southera demoerats--Sebastian of Arkansas, and Polk of Missouri—two States directly interested in the road; and against the bill only one republican, vigian, a and, strangely enough, thut one is Presion King, of New York, whose lence is pear the St. Luw e outlet of the Northern ronte-—the the Americans voti ith the body of the republicuas; aud the pateraity of the bill ap- pears to ‘belong to Mr. Bell, of Tennessee. Upon the whole, the vote indicates that the Pacific Railroad, upon its general merits, is repudiated by the Southern democracy, and that it is not likely to assume any definite shape in which it can be made # plank in the national democratic platform. The News from Central America—Light tn the Central American Imbroglio, Our advices from Central America, which we publish in full ia another column, give some in- dications that the Central American imbroglio ia approaching, if not a solution, at least a state of disentanglement that will render a satisfactory solution possible. : Sir Wm. Gore Ouseley has arrived at Leon in Nicaragua, where he met President Martinez and his Cabinet. Senor Zeledon was at once ap- pointed Commissioner on the part of Nicaragua to treat with Sir William, and the negotiations were going on actively and rapidly. Although the negotiations had not been concluded in time to forward a copy of the treaty by the steamer, and nothing of its contents was officially known, still public rumor had got hold of the principal points which were said to have been agreed upon. These comprise severale points of interest to us. It is stated that Kog- land agrees to return San Juan,del Norte to the republic of Nicaragua conditionally upon its being declared a free port, and that the Mesquito protectorate will be abandoned, and the territory re-ceded to Nicaragua, coupled with the granting of certain lands to the remnant of miserable In- @ians and Sambos that remained in and about that coast. Whether these retrocessions by England are to be coupled with conditions practically annulling the sovereignty of Nicaragua over the receded territory, as was the case in the Claren- don retrocession of the Bay Islands to Honduras, remains to be seen. If any such trick is played by England it will not conduce to the increase of harmony between that Power and ourselves. On other points, with the exception of a de- mand for the payment of claims by certain British subjects, which had not yet been venti- lated, it was said that the Ouseley-Zeledon treaty would conform very much to that made by General Cass with Senor Yrisarri. The secu- rity of the Nicaragua Transit route would be guaranteed by England in the same manner that it is in the Cass-Yrisarri treaty; and it was hoped that all doubts regarding the neutrality of that route would be dispelled. The address of Sir Wm. Ouseley to President Martinez contains some pregnant remarks in regard to British in- terests and British possessions in the Pacific. It will not fail to occur to the American reader that if England has such an absorbing interest in the Nicaragua and other Isthmus transit routes, from her limited possessions beyond them, how much greater must be that of the United States, that have the two halves of their empire on either shore. The Transit route speculators in Nicaragua seem to be eating each other up rapidly, al- though their several agents there are represent- ed to be a very happy family, all of them occu- pying the same room ata hotel. The respective agents, it seems, each claims a different kind of superiority for his employer. Thus Joe White’s agent claims for him priority of right; Van- dyke’s claims that his principals have the great- est political influence at Washington; while another claims for Vanderbilt the most money. Amid these conflicting claims the Nicaraguans deny White’s right, doubt Vandyke’s mighty in- fluence at Washington, and believe that if Van- derbilt has the most money he means to keep it. So the idea of throwing the route opeu to free occupation, under certain rules, is rapidly gain- ing ground at Managua. In the meantime Costa Rica has ratified, con- ditionally upon the assent of Nicaragua, the Belly canal contrhet, granting the right to France to keep two men-of-war upon Lake Nica- ragua. The Congress of the latter republic had not yet assembled, though it should have done so on New Year’s day. It was probably delayed to give time to Sir William Gore Ouseley to con- clude his negotiations, when the British treaty would be first considered, as President Martinez was not satisfied with the slight modifications General Jerez had been able to obtain at Wash- ington in the Cass-Yrisarri treaty. Our corres- pondent complains of a want of dignity and self- respect on the part of Gencral Lamar, and draws a strong contrast between the reception and respect accorded to the British and Ameri- can representatives. AMENDING THE CoystituTioN-—RevorMING THE Jvpiciany.—Among the numerous proposed amendments to the constitution of this State, pouring into the Legislature every day, there ‘was one proposed by Senator Diven on Thursday, in relation to the judiciary, in which we cannot acquiesce. The Senator proposes to modify the Court of Appeals by reducing the number of eight judges, which now compose it, to six, chang- ing their terms of office, and placing the election of all in the hands of the electors of the State. The constitution, as it now stands, provides for the construction of the Court of Appeals in this language: There shall be a Court of Appeals, composed of eight judges, of whom four shall be elected by the eiectors of the State, for eight years, and four aelected from the class of Justices of the Supreme Court having the shortest term toserve. Provision shall be made by law for designating one of the number elected as Chiet Judge, and for select- ing suich Justices of the Supreme Court, from time to time, and for so classifying those elected that one shall be eiect- ed every econd year. Mr. Diven’s amendment is as follows:— From and after the third Tuesday of June, 1960, the Court of Appeals shall consist of six Judges, to be choseu by the eloctors of this State. The four Judges who may then be in office by previous election or appoimtment siaait continue to hold until the expiration of their respective terms. On the third Taesday of May, 1860, au clection shall tw tield, at which two Judges of said ‘court silt be chosen, whose terms shall commence on the third Tues- day of June, 1960. The term of one of them shall expire in nine years trom the thirty-first day of December fol- lowing, ‘and of the otler in eleven years from the same time. ‘At the general election in the year 1861, aud in every sevond year thereafter, unless the Legislature shalt by law appoint a different day, one Judge of said Court shall be chosen for a term of twelve years Crom aud after tho thirty-first day of December next after such elaction. Four Judges shall constitute a quorum. In case of the absence or inability to serve of any Judge or Judges, the Governor may appoint one or more Justices of the Su- preme Court to serve for the time being. We are opposed to any such ameudmeft as this. If the constitution, as it applics to the judiciary, is to be altered at all, let it be by tak- ing the election of judges out of the hands of the Five Points, Such an amendment as that is precisely what is required. We protest against the judges of the court of last resort, who have to adjndicate wpon qneefions involving the high- est interests of the State and of its citizens, being nominated in the dance house of Pete Dawson. Let us have a judiciary on every bench in the State, appointed by some responsible authority, to serve for long terms, and to be paid sucha salary as may place them above the necessities or temptations of corruption, and we will be amending the constitution to some good purpose. SkvreNckn vor Mar, RowmeRY,—Jolo Mahar, recently 1 at Mechanicaviile for robbing the mails, was last ntenced by Judge Hall, at Albany, to too yoars at Gt hard labor (a the State prison at Audura.