The New York Herald Newspaper, January 12, 1859, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORN! FULTON AND NASSAU 8TS TERMS, cash ‘mail will be at the wisk of the eg ‘Podage saenpetns Pye to as subscription THe ie HERALD, too conta, 28 THE WEEKLY HERALD, cry Satirda Pes conte copy, or $3 fh... eee wales wi gece’ ay oe ee rae gy Alen annum to wy Britat or 35 to any vent. both Ealjornta Btkon onthe th and 30 of each" monthe at six cents Prk PAMILY HERALD, every Welneeday, at four coe per sopy, or $2 per anim. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteenth street—Iratian Orens —Tax Hucvenors. BROADWAY THEATRE, Mary's Evz. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Mou Pitcuex—FRisky Conpixe—ALanic. Brosdway.—-Purxau—8t. BURTON'S NEW ‘THEATRE, New Divertissexent—Gisiiie. Broadway—Vinginivs— WALLACKE’S THEATRE, Brosdway.—Mzucuant or Va- mice. LAURA f Sotata | THEAT! z, No. 624 Broadway.—Ovs <Amenwax Covsin--Tax Marnigp Raxe. BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway—After- goon and Evening—Tox Novpr’s Sacust—Rosetta. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 561 and 563 Broadway— Bruior.ex Boras, Dances, 4c.—New Year Cats, BRYANTS' MINSTRELS, MECHANICS’ HALL, 427 Broad ‘way—NuGko 8oNngs AXD BURLESQUES—SHYLOOK. SNIFFEN’S CAMPBELL MINSTRELS, 444 Broadway.— Mxrvopiss, Burtesques, &c.—Ou! Hus. New York, Wednesday, January 12, 1859. r. = The News. The steamship Moses Taylor arrived at this port this morning, with the semi-monthly mails and trea- sure from Chlifornia, and news from all parts of the Pacific coast. The intelligence is interesting. Full details are given in this morning’s Hznanp. Among the propositions before Congress respect- ing our foreign relations is a bill, introduced in the Senate on Monday by Mr. Slidell, which sets forth that the geographical position of Cuba invests it with a commanding influence over the large and increasing foreign and coastwise trade of the Mis- sissippi valley; that its internal condition and prox- imity to the United States disturb the friendly relations existing between Spain and our go- vernment; that as a last means of set tling outstanding differences and removing all cause for future disturbances, negotiations for the purchase of the island be renewed; and that $30,000,000 be appropriated to enable the President to conclude a treaty with Spain for the cession of Cuba to the United States. Provision is made for raising the money by loan at five per cent, redeemable in not less than twelve or more than twenty years. This proposition is understood to accord with the views of the President. A bill was reported yesterday by the Committee on Fo- reign Affairs authorizing the President to use the land and naval forces in certain cases; and a resolu- tion was adopted calling for the correspondence in relation to the outrage committed upon American citizens during the riot at Panama. A bill to establish a mail route from Lake Superior to the Pacific was introduced. The remainder of the ses- sion was occupied in debating the Pacific Railroad bill. In the House the resolution reported at last ses- sion, respecting the conduct of Com. Pauld- ing in seizing the filibusters, was taken up. Some discussion ensued, when a substitute, presenting the thanks of Congress to Com. Paulding, was adopted—99 to 85. The report as amended was then laid on the table by four majority. The con- sideration of a motion to refer the Naval Appro- priation bill to the Committee of the Whole was then resumed, but before coming to a conclusion on the subject the House adjourned. The Naval Committee of the House have agreed to report in favor of adding twenty pursers, eleven surgeons and fifteen assistant surgeons to the navy. Messrs. Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessen” den, republicans, were yesterday re-elected to the United States Senate, respectively by the Legisla- latures of Massachusetts and Maine. But little of importance transpired in the Legis- lature yesterday. In the Senate three insurance bills were introduced—one assessing agents of all insurance companies not authorized by the laws of the State one per cent on the amount of their premiums; another, to prevent companies not authorized by the laws of the State from carrying on the business of in- surance; another, to amend the law for the formation of town insurance companies. In the Assembly a motion to refer that portion of the Go- vernor’s message which relates to port wardens, wharves and slips to a special committee, was laid over. The standing committees were announced by the Speaker. The screw steamship City of Manchester which left Liverpool on the 22d of December, at half past ten o'clock in the morning, arrived at this portabout half past eight o'clock last evening. Her advices to date have been anticipated by the h Ame- rican at Halifax, and we have had three days’ later news by the Africa. We publish to-day a full report of the proceed- ings instituted by Mr. Mowbray Morris, the mana- ger of the London Tin against Mr. Capron, an English barrister. 7 the public in the form of a charge for assault, preferred at the Middlesex Sessions. It appears that in the early part of November last Mr. Capron overtook Mr. Morris in James’ street, Buckingham gate, and struck him over the head and shoulders with a walking stick. The parties were separated by a policeman, and the affair ended with the expression of a hope on the part of the defendant that he had given the plaintiff two black eyes to appear at church with on his marriage the following morning. This, as it was stated in evidence, was the third time that Capron had publicly assaulted or other- wise outraged Mr. Morris. In his defence the for- mer put in an allegation of improper intimacy be- tween his wife and the plaintiff. Mr. Morris in his examination denied the charge on oath, and his counsel read a document showing that pro- ceedings for a separation had been insti- tuted between the parties, and that the con- duct of the defendant towards his wife had been of the most tyrannical and disgusting cha racter. It was stated, moreover, that the unfor* tunate lady had been placed in a lunatic asylum, the inference being that she had become deranged in consequence of her hushand’s cruelty. The Chafrman of the Board of Magistrates, in sentencing the defendant to an imprisonment of twenty-one days, the payment of a fine of $250 and heavy re- cognizances to keep the peace, intimated to him that if he should again be brought up for a similar offence he would be awarded a lengthened term of penal servitude. The principal jaterest which the trial possesses for our readers lies in the fact that that London Times, of which Mr. Morris is the conductor, allows no opportunity to escape of satirizing what it calls the easy principles and lax morality of American society. The Board of Supervisors met yesterday, and ye- elected Mr. Purdy as President for the ensuing year. An additional committee on printing and stationery was appointed. A p@ition for the repeal of theordinance against selling game was presented by Mr. Tweed, and a resolution to the eflvct offer ed, which was negatived by a vote of 6 to 5, The Board of Ten Governors held their weekly meeting yesterday at the Rotunda—Governor Dugro, President, in the chair. The standing com mittees for the year 1859 were appointed, aud several communications received—among othem, party Great uf rath ‘postage; the | NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12, 1859. one inreference to the new Voundling Mospital. The number of inmates of the various institutions to the Sth of January, is 7,822, being a decrease of 20, in comparison with last return. The ice has been very strong on the Central Park pond, the few days back. Two curling clubs were on the ice yesterday, and a large number of respectable citizens skating. The ice was very | rough, aud many were grumbling at proper means not being used to flood it. Martin Toole was tried and convicted in the Gen- eral Sessions yesterday, of stealing a muff and two articles of jewelry worth $100, the property of Mrs Ketcham. He was sent to the State prison fortwo years. Thomas Fanning, jointly indicted with Toole, was declared not guilty. George Fry pleaded guilty to attempting to steal $100 in bank notes from John Gould, and was sent to the State prison for two years, he being an old offender. Robert Shanesy, indicted for burglary in the third degree, pleaded guilty to an* attempt to commit that of fence. M Donnelly, charged with committing a felonious assault upon Daniel W. Clark, was con- victed of an assault and battery, and recommended to mercy. He was remanded for sentence. John W. Chase was placed on trial for forgery in the second degree, a large number of altered bills and dies being found in his house at 25 Pell street. The Court adjourned at 5 P.M. till Wednesday, when the case will be finished. The sales of cotton yesterday were confined to about 700 a 800 bales, The market closed tamely, without quo- table change in prices. ‘Transactions were somewhat checked by the difficulty of shipping it to the eastward for spinners’ use, on account of interruption to naviga- tion by late unsteady and intensely cold weather. Some of the propellers have been withdrawn, and others run irregularly; and hence the amount of cotton awaiting ship- ment is in excess of the supply of vessels. The increase in receipts at the Southern ports over 1856-57 now amounts to about 304,000 bales, and over 1857-58 to 785,000 do. The total amount of exports exceed those of 1856-57 by 402,000 bales, and those of 1857-8 by 420,000 bales, The stock on hand amounts to 10,000 bales in ex- cess of that of 1856-57, and 203,000 of that of 1857-58. For opinions and estimates regarding the extent of the crop of 1858-59 we refer to another column. Flour, with a good demand, closed at an advance of about 5 to 10 cents per barrel, especially on the common and medium grades. Wheat was in better request, and with rather more doing, while prices were quite firm. Corn was firmer, with moderate sales, Pork was heavy, with sales of new mess at $17 25 a $17 3734, including some at the latter figure for future delivery; old mess sold at $16 75, and new prime at $18 a $13 124, and closed at $19. Sugars were firm, with gales of 600 a 700 bhils. at rates given in another column. Coffee was quiet. For statement of stocks and receipts and sales of Brazil, for the year 1858, we refer to another column. Freight en- gagements were light and rates unchanged. The Condition of the Treasury—What Will Congress Do with the Tariff-An Extra Session. We publish this morning an important table attached to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, which has only just been printed. It is a statement exhibiting the value of merchan- dise imported into the United States during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1857 and 1858 re- spectively, with the duties accruing thereon. The importance of this statement consists in its showing upon what particular articles the largest amount of duties were obtained, and the effect of the tariff of 1857 in reducing these amounts, Ata glance any one can thus see the falling off in the revenue, and the particular articles affected by the reduced tariff. There is reason to believe that at this session no radical change will be effected in the col- ection of the revenue by the substitution of specific for ad valorem duties. The session is perhaps too short, and the data as to the amount of revenue which specific duties would realize too indefinite, to afford a reasonable expectation that the Committee on Ways and Means will re- commend anything more than an approximation to the re-establishment of the higher rates of the tariff of 1846 upon such articles as will probably, form the tables furnished by the Secretary of the Treasury, afford a sufficient increase of revenue to meet the requirements of the government. In this view of the case, with the aid afforded by the statement we publish this morning, the com- mittee can calculate with sufficiently near pre- cision how much revenue can be obtained, and thus obviate the necessity of increasing the pub- lic debt by the issue of a new loan for the regu- lar expenditures of the government. If the present Congress had given any evidence of being a working, practical body, the public might expect or hope for some such practical and permanent legislation upon the subject of the tariff as the country really requires and the President has expressed himself in favor of. Mr. Buchanan advocates specific duties, as affording a steady, regular revenue—a revenue which would not possess the extraordinary features of enhancing the cost of an article to the consumer by in- ng the tax when goods are high, and low- ering the tax when merchandise is cheap; or the equally absurd quality of unreasonably adding to the revenue when the prosperity of the coun- try induces large importations of expensive goods, and the revenues in the ordinary channels would be more than sufficient to meet the ex- , and which diminishes the tax on each when trade is so depressed as to render it important the government should collect all it can to meet its requirements. It is, however, useless to expect the present Congress will exhi- bit, inits expiring moments, capacity and busi- ness qual , and we must therefore make up our minds, as the best that can be hoped for under all the cir 8, such an alteration in the present s will enable the govern- ment to be carried on for the next fiscal year. Upon reference to the Secretary's table it will be seen that the value of the merchandise im- ported in the fiseal year ending June, 1857, was $294,160,835, paying a duty of $75,445,426; and the value of the importations in 1858 was $202,- 295,875, paying a duty of $38,671,242. To this must be added the value of the goods made free under the act of 1857, $15,562,300—showing the total value of the importations for the fiscal year ending June, apse from Lr va br of arti- the value of the importations of $76,504,660, or a little over one-fourth as compared with the previous ye whilst the loss of revenue in conseque of the reduced tariff of 1857 was nearly fifty per cent. Mad the tavif’ of 1846, therefore, remained in force, the amount of revenue which would have been raised under it during the year ending June $0, 1858, would have been nearly $50,000,000. There are some articles upon which the tariff of 1857 lowered the rates of duty, which it would be no hardship to the consumer to have replaced nearly as high as they were under the tariff of 1846. The duty on spices, for instance, was re- duced to four per cent instead of forty and thirty. The reduction inthe duty on nutmegs made a difference in the revenue of $85,000 upon the basis of the same amount only being imported in the fiscal year ending 1958, as was imported the previous year—-whilst upon @ similar basis there was a loss on black pepper of $50,000, In ench case a larger importation was the result of the lower tarif, thongh the much revenue collected was, of course, very small. The consumption of spices is so general, and in such smail quantities to each in- dividual, that the reduction of the duty was probably not in any instance realized by the consumers, the importers and traders alone de- riving any benefit therefrom. In wines there was also a great falling off in revenue, whilst on spirits the loss to the revenue was no less than $2,817,684—not taking into consideration the increased quantity imported, but on the basis of the same quantity as the previous year. In other articles of luxury, such a8 silks, laces, &., the revenue was also largely affected. The commit- tee will have little difficulty in deciding that ar- ticles of luxury should be selected for high rates of duty in preference to articles which are ne- cessary for subsistence, and it fortunately happens that articles of luxury return the largest revenue. The home iron interest is very anxious for a greatly increased duty on foreign iron. There is no objection to incidental protection, but this incessant clamor of the iron interest has always appeared to us as somewhat absurd, Foreign iron can never enter into competition with our own to any considerable extent. It will not pay ships to take iron as freight. ship can take but a comparatively small quan- tity of it, and that she must carry more in the nature of ballast than freight. The bulk of her cargo must be goods of less dead weight. Thus a ship capable of carrying one thousand tons could not carry a thousand tons of iron with any safety. But still, as the ar- gument holds good on the other side: that is, that ifa comparatively small amount of foreign iron can be imported the duty cannot injuriously af- fect us, it is of no great consequence if the duty is re-established, as in the tariff of 1846, at 30 percent. As a compromise, it is more than pro- bable this will be agreed to, although we may expect a fierce fight on the part of the iren in- terest, who are preparing to carry the contest into the next Presidential campaign. The articles added to the free list under the act of 1857 amounted in value to $15,562,300 during the year 1858. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1857, the value of these articles was $2, 125,744, upon which a duty was collected of $1,843,076. Assuming that there would have been no increase in the aggregate value of the articles imported had they not been added to the free list, there was lost to the revenue from this source $1,843,000. The principal articles added to the free list were Peruvian bark ; copper, in bars, pigs and old; dyewood, in sticks; linseed, madder, rags, raw silk, tin, and unmanufactured wool in value not exceeding 20 cents per pound. Linseed, the year previous to being placed on the free list, paid nearly $700,000 duty, and wool ander 20 cents $640,000. Some of these articles might properly be added to the duty paying lists. The decimal rates will also increase the revenue upon the basis of last year $1,800,000. The President acquiesces in the Secretary’s views as to the impropriety of funding the present issue of Treasury notes. To fund them would be to add for a fixed period to the public debt, and prevent its reduction, unless by buying them in at a premium, should the revenue authorise it. These notes will become due, the Secretary says, “during the next fiscal year,” and he therefore requires authority to re-issue them for another year. We believe they will commence to fall due on the 31st of March. As the session ends on the 3d of March, there is no doubt the neces- sary authority will be given in ample time. From all this data we take it for granted that the result will be a temporary re-instatement on the higher schedules of 1846 of a sufficient num- ber of articles to increase the revenue to a point adequate to the wants of the government in car- rying out existing laws and the regular appro- priations, Incidental to this will be a compro- mise by which the duty on iron will again be placed at thirty per cent, and the necessary au- thority will be given for a re-issue of the $20,000,000 Treasury notes for one year. So much for the regular expenditures, which we think will be provided for without recourse to a new and additional loan. A Pacific Railroad would probably involve a loan ; but the indica- tions of the passage of any bill at this session are s0 remote as scarcely to be worth entertaining. If the French Spoilation bill should become a law, it will, of course, be accompanied by au- thority to issue stock, as was the case with the Texas Indemnity bill. There is, however, not the slightest doubt but that if the present Congress so far neglects its duty as to fail to provide for carrying on the government and defraying those expenses called for by law, that the President will not hesitate an instant in calling the next Congress together at an extra session. Whatever may be the re- sult, he will do his whole duty fearlessly and idence as to the result. The miserable, ing, trading politicians, who infest Congress and endeavor to obstruct the govern- ment, will find that they will be compelled to do their duty, or shoulder the responsibility of being faithless to their trust and to the country. Rossian Guyvoars Burr ty AMERICA— Among the items of news by the last mail from California was the announcement of the arrival of a Russian officer, with instructions from the Czar to have asteam gunboat built in Ame- rica, for service on the coast of Eastern Asia. After sufficiently examining into the facilities afforded by California, he concluded that New York was much more adapted to the construc- tion of such a vessel. The lowest offer he had for the construction of the machinery in Califor- nia was in the neighborhood of seventy thousand dollars. So the officer left California, and is now in our metropolis, or on his way hither. It is de- sired to have the gunboat built in the quickest possible time, so that she may reach the Amoor river by next August. She is to be of light draught, and the fastest and strongest it is possi- ble to build her. The General Admiral, Japa- nese, Martinho de Mello, and other war vessels built in America for transatlantic Powers, have won, by their fine models, strength and swiftness, a favorable reputation for our shipbuilders in Russia, Turkey, Portugal and China. Russia is foremost in taking advantage of our superior skill in naval architecture. The war vessels that have hitherto been constructed in our dock- yards for her have given such entire satisfaction that she again applies to us. We also under- stand that Russian officers here have received instructions for procuring the construction of ten other steam gunboats in the United States. We have vast forests of ship timber, abundant machinery, unsurpassed ingenuity and construc- tive skill; so there is no reason in the world why the pre-eminence which we have obtained in ma- rine architecture should not be long sustained. Considering oll theee things, it is only fair to suppose that for the next quarter of a century we will be the great shipbuilding nation of the world The Financial Condition of the World—The Present Public Debts and Probable Loans. The peculiar position of the treasury at the present time, the increase of the public debt, and the falling off in the revenue, all of them the un- profitable legacies of the Pierce adminis- tration and of the financial revulsion of last year, have placed the President, the Secre- tary of the Treasury and Congress in a dilemma, out of which it is not easy to see the best way to extricate themselves for the benefit of the coun- try. But one thing is certain, that the revenue will have to be increased by some device, either upon the President's safe system of specific duties, or the loose ad valorem principle of the Secretary of the Treasury. A glance at the financial condition of the leading States of Europe and America reveals some strange and startling facts, as the result of a few years transactions, First, we find that the European States have been accumulating enor- mous public debts, the necessary consequence of an expensive aristocratic form of government, a hereditary nobility, and protracted costly wars. These debts amount in the aggregate to the im- mense sum of nearly ten thousand millions of dollars, and are apportioned as follows:— ‘BTS OF EUROPEAN STATES. $3,876,563,470 soe EB geeueees a8 te" 3 a ty Pastry egeee8 pees BREE 3828 zz $8 eS 21,451,836 a . $9,982, 898,723 Compared with this extravagant showing, the condition of the United States and the different States of the Union presents a less alarming state of financial affairs. The public debt of the United States is now over sixty-four millions, including the twenty millions of Treasury bonds, issued by the Secretary of the Treasury last year, while the aggregate debts of all the States amount to nearly three hundred mil- lions; but it must be taken into consideration that each State is a principality in itself, and that every town and village in each has its own municipal debts to account for. These debts would, probably, not fall short of a hundred mil- lions more. A tabular statement will show exactly how we stand in this respect :— Debt of the United|States..... 2.00.0... 260064 $04,910,777 Maine.. Combined debts of the U. S. and the States, . $304,410,652 Aggregate debts of towns and villages. Grand total But it must be said that while the debts of the European and South and Central American States—for the most part the result of ruinous wars—are a dead weight upon their shoulders, our debts have been incurred mainly to develope the resources of the country—to construct railroads and canals, build up cities, and redeem the soil of the forest and the prairie—and however heavi- ly they may press temporarily upon the coun- try or the individual States, they will one day bring forth rich fruits in a largely increased area of cultivated and peopled territory and vast material prosperity. It is trae they have been unnecessarily increased by the wild speculation which preceded and produced the crash of 1837, and led to the subsequent repudiation of State debts. . The disastrous events which have been retard- ing the progress of Central and South America for so many years, have left them of course heavily in debt. The aggregate indebtedness of the leading States is over three hundred millions, It is divided as follows:-— PUBLIC DEBTS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN ATES, San Salvador... Total. + $308,796,016 The total public “debt o of “all the leading na- tions and States on this continent and in Europe would thus appear to be ten thousand six hun- dred and ninety-six millions one hundred and five thousand three hundred and ninety dollars: A large proportion of this has been accumulated within the present decade ; and though in many of the European nations the capital may never be paid, still the annual payments of interest must be met, and it is a somewhat curious and interesting question to solve where the money is to come from. There can be no doubt that im- mense loans will be looked for during the cur- rent year, and many are already proposed. It is seen that even this country has the considora- ble debt of sixty-four millions, whereas it was customary to have a surplus in the treasury of little less than that. In Jackson’s time a sum as large was distributed as a loan among the diffe- rent States, some of which have never re- paid it—Florida and Mississippi, for example, which repudiated the Union bonds altogether. IWinois has not yet acquitted herself of the liability, but she is doing so by degrees, The United States, then, to begin with, requires a loan this year of some thirty millions.: Eng- land, of course, justemerging from the Indian war, must borrow money, and we should not wonder if one of the first acts of the new u government was to ask for a loan of fifty millions to meet the expenses of the insurrection. Then Russia wants forty millions, and is now, it is said, negotiat- ing with the Rothschilds for that amount. Austria already proposes a loan, the amount of which is not stated, but we may put it down reasonably at fifty millions. In France the Emperor's design to establish a discount bank, with a capital of sixty millions, whereof balf is to be loaned annually to the government, suf- ficiently indicates the financial condition of the empire; and as the deficiency in the Imperial treasury is about sixty millions of dollars, that amount, at least, will probably be asked for. So much for the great nations. We see, also, that Australia has issued bonds for thirty-five millions, to be raised within the next fouryears; and even St. Domingo is in the European market, endea- voring to negotiate a loan to pay the expenses of the war with Hayti. Here, then, are nearly three hundred millions to be raised this year. It may be asked what portion ef that sum our capitalists can afford to furnish. Looking now to the exigencies of the several States in the Union, we will find that many of them must borrow also, to complete their rail- roads, canals and other public works. New York must have at least eight millions anda half; Pennsylvania, Virginia, Missouri and Wis- consin are also in need of money. Kansas and the other new States and Territories, of course, will require means to develope their rich re- sources. Minnesota asks for five millions, which the Legislature has voted for the railroad pur- poses of the State, and Massachusetts will prob- ably require two millions more for the Hoosic tunnel. Thus we have the following loans, which will in all probability be required at home :— ppasuaae EB853255: S88222223 g Making a total of. Here are some facta for the financiers to muse upon, and some grave difficulties to be sur- mounted during the present year. Tae Purcuase or Cusa.—It will be seen by reference to our telegraphic intelligence that Mr. Slidell, as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, has presented a bill in the Senate to authorise the President to renew nego- tiations for the purchase of the island of Cuba, and placing in his hands the sum of thirty mil- lions of dollars to be used for that purpose. This is one of the most important motions ever made in Congress; and if the bill should be passed, its ultimate beneficial effect upon the material interests of every section of the Union can be exceeded only by those of the purchase of Louisiana. The true exchanges of commerce result from differences of latitude, which cause differences of climate and production. No pre- judiced theories of home protection ever inter- fere with it, and the greater the exchanges be- tween countries differing in latitude, the greater is the advantage of both. A measure like the present, which throws down the existing barriers to our trade with Cuba, affects every interest in the country. The forest, fisheries, manufactures and shipping of New England; the farmers, dai- rymen, miners and handworkers of the Middle States; the lumber, naval stores and rice of the South; and the meats and grains of the West, all find an appropriate exchange in the markets of Cuba. In its political significance the measure is of equal importance. Cuba overlies the great routes between our Atlantic and Pacific empires, and commands the outlet of that vast valley, unequalled in the world for territorial extent, activity of its population, and mighty destiny, which is drained by the Mississippi and its branches, with their twenty thousand miles of river navigation. In acting upon this measure, Congress should consider, not the five hundred millions of dollars of our trade that now pass annually under the guns of Cuba. It should re- member that in thirty years we shall have sixty millions of people in this Union, and, according to the ratio of our past commercial increase, we shall then have five thousand millions of dollars in value flowing out of the Mississippi valley, and passing between our Atlantic and Pacific shores. The purchase of Cuba may be valuable now, but it has an incomparably greater value for the generation that is to come after us. Statesmen will look to our future exigencies, and legislate in view of their requirements as well as of pre- sent necessities. Forney Discovers 4 Mare’s N —Forney, in one of his high pressure Douglas letters from Washington, says that “the rancor of the admi- nistration has not been mollified;” that “it has grown more violent and unforgiving;” that “it has deliberately resolved to seize the Charleston Convention, and in that body to defeat any man that can be elected.” And why? Because, as For- ney has discovered, “any such man must stand forth the unrelenting adversary of the new scheme of a slave code in the Territories, or of Congressional intervention for the protection of slavery in the Territories.” In other words, against Douglas and his anti-slavery hobby of squatter sovereignty, the administration has re- solved, it appears, that the platform of the Charleston Convention shall be a slave code for the Territories, or the intervention of Congress for the protection of slavery therein, In support of this startling disclosure, Forney refers to Jefferson Davis, the Washington Union, and the Jate flaming disunion speech of Senator Iverson, of Georgia. But we think we can assure poor Forney, Douglas, Iverson and all others concerned, that, as Mr. Buchanan will not himself be a candidate for re-election, and that as it is not likely he will trouble himself about any can- didate, or clique or faction for 1860, all fears that he will “seize the Charleston Convention” are about as absurd as that he will attempt to seize the island of Cuba. In losing his place in the kitchen, poor Forney has lost his reckonings, and is getting wild in his fears and anxicties about Douglas. Tun New York Democracy on tHe Presi- DENTIAL Question.—The Albany Argus and Atlas announces, for the benefit of all concerned, that “the democratic party of this State is no parti- zan of any candidate,” but is “resolved to de- vote itself to the work of building up its strength at home, so as to be able to cast its electoral vote in 1860 for such distinguished standard bearer a6 the Charleston Convention may in its wisdom select.” Very good. The New York democracy, however, have thus undertaken a herculean task, and we very much fear that im 1860, instead of an effective consolidation like that of 1852, there will be a deplorable split like that of 1848, among the rank and file, and that the Adas, as in 1848, may, in 1860, be found a roaring advocate of another Buffalo ticket and platform. At present our Albany expounder of democracy is conveniently mum. But when the weather gets warmer, we shall, perhaps, have even a political thaw, extending as far as Albany. Rexiciovs Persecution iv Irary—Tue Case or tae Bory Mortara.—It will be remembered that we published recently the semi-official de- fence of the extraordinary course pursued by the government of the Papal States in refe- rence to the case of the boy Mortara. The cir- cumstances of this affair have attracted the at- tention of the religious world of all sects and de- nominations, Nearly all the European govern- ments have been solicited to interpose in the matter, and within the past few days a com- mittee of Jews from Philadelphia has waited upon the President of the’ United States, with a view to induce our government to take part in it. The defence of the Pontifical government con- tains substantially the same facts as have bees previously set forth; it is not denied that the boy Mortara was born at Bologna, of Jewish pa- rents; that at the age of seven years he was bap- tised in the Roman church through the agency of a Catholic servant of the family, and without the knowledge or consent of his parents. It is claimed, however, that the fact of baptism makes the child a Christian; and that, therefore, he will be kept ata Christian school until after his educa- tion is completed, when he will be free to choose for himself. In answer to this defence of the Roman government, we have received no less than six rejoinders from as many different persons. While we agree mainly in the positions taken by our correspondents, we do not feel called upom to print more than the points of a case which ia so plain as the one under consideration. One correspondent confines himself chiefly to the main point of the Catholic defence, which is, that when the boy has been educated he will be free to embrace any religion he may think fit, and argues logically, from the known effect of early associations and youthful impressions upom after life, that he will not be free in a moral sense. Another writer calls attention to the extreme liberality shown to Catholics in Great Britain and the United States, contrasts with it their bigotry and intolerance in the Papal States, and states that the forced baptism of the child “has by no means invalidated his claim and his parents’ legitimate right to rear him in the faith of his ancestors—a faith which supplied a Chris- tian Redeemer, who was initiated in the same covenant as the child referred to, and which takes precedence of our modern baptism.” An American Israelite lays down the principle that the rite of circumcision has made the child a Jew, and that once a Jew he must always be a Jew, notwithstanding all the efforts of the Roman Church to the contrary. Another correspondent enters still more elaborately into this view of the case, which does not seem to us to touch the main point, That point is, in our view of the matter, a very simple one. The right of the parent to guardianship over the infant is a na- tural right, somewhat older than the Roman Church. Any attempt to infringe upon that right, while it is duly and properly exercised, is an outrage upon the civilization of the age, and no special pleading whatever can justify it. The mission of our Lord and Saviour was one of peace, good will and loving kindness—not of persecution, of forcible restriction, of blood and of tears. He directed his apostles to go forth in the highways and the byways, preaching the words ef light and truth, as distinguished from the rigid discipline of the old Jewish dispensa- tion. Now, eighteen centuries afterwards, we find the hierarchs who claim to be Christ’s re- presentatives on earth falling back into the errors which he came especially to controvert. It is absurd to say that the Roman Church will gain anything by such proselytes as the boy Mortara, even ifhe should forsake the religion of his fathers; and the fact that he is restrained is the best argument that the Protestant pulpit can find to illustrate the errors of Rome. More than all this: if the authorities of the Papal States can forcibly seize upon this child and hold him, the same precedent may be quoted in the case of any other infant of any re- ligion or nationality that happens to reside in the Pope’s dominions. It is against this prece- dent that the Protestant world declares war. And that is the salient point in the whole matter. Gen. Scorr Sxunpep By Gov. Morvax.—When Governor King came into office, Gen. Scott, in behalf of a brave fellow soldier in Mexico, ad- dressed the Governor the following note:— New Yor, Dec. 10, 1856. Sm:—In behalf of my brother soldier, Gen. J. H. H. Ward, the present Commissary General of the State, I beg leave to bespeak your kind consideration, when the time for continuing him in office may arrive, as the new Chief Magistrate and Commander-in-Chief of the State of New orl Gen. Ward served with me in the campaign between Vera Cruz and the capital of Mexico, with great zeal, ability and distinction, and bas always cherished the character of a good soldier, good citizen and gentleman. have the honor to rematn, sir, your obedient servant, WINFIELD SCOTT. This appeal had its proper weight with Gov. King, for Gen. Ward was retained in his office. With the advent of Gov. Morgan, according to the Albany Statesman, Gen. Scott again inter- posed in behalf of his fellow soldier, and was promised that “all would be right; but it ap- pears that the matter was made “all right” in turning Gen. Ward adrift and in giving his place to a more active politician—Mr. Benjamin Welch. From this proceeding we may conclude that Master Seward and his man Thurlow Weed have given their orders in council to cut Gen, Scott. He is in their way, and they begin to feel it. And this is the sort of treatment which he haa received in various ways, these twenty odd years, from Seward and his party managers, The in- dependent conservative masses of the anti-demo- cratic parties of the country, however, have still the power and the opportunity at their com 1 to do justice to Gen. Scott, and it shall not be our fault if they let this golden opportunity pass away. The very fact that Gen, Scott has been tabooed by Seward and his confederates should commend the distinguished Géneralin-chief of the federal armics to the active support of the people. Tak Rervpiican Party Ho.owa Fast to me Rocurstsr Pratrorm.—The bu.combe Presidential speeches, which have been the stand- ing order of the day at Washington, if they serve ho other purpose, serve at least to show the movements, tendencies and purposes of the poll- tical parties and factions concerned. In thie view, the speech of Mr. Washburn, of Maine, in the Tlouse, on Monday last, indicates the adhe-