The New York Herald Newspaper, January 3, 1859, Page 2

2 General. He will be better fitted to apply for a post office after the session. ‘From the Albany Journal, Dec. 31.) The lative caucuses will be held on Monday even- ing—the republican in the Assembly and the democratic ‘fm the Senate chamber. A meeting of the momners elected ‘on “ Union tickets" is called for Monday afternoon at Stanwix Hall. ‘The two honses will meet in their respective chambers on Tuesday, at eleven o'clock, when the oath of office will be administered by the Hon. the Secretary of State. Mr. Wilson, Clerk of the last House, will preside in the Asseimbiy uulil ihe election of the Speaker. As there will pret ‘of either bouse, the Governor’s message will undoubtedly be communicates oon after one o'clork. ‘The craft may be interested to kuow that the message will probably not make more than tive columns ot the Journal. TELEGRAPHIC. ‘Aunany, Jan. 2, 1859. ‘The tide of politicians overflows the capital. All the old time men are gathered here, Messrs. Hollis, White, Famer, Abell, Bray and Dickinson represent ng the ancient regime. Senator Seward is among them, counselling, directing add planning. The canvass for officers of the Assembly waxes strong. Littlejohn has had the inside track for Speaker until to-night, when an attempt was made to create a di- version in favor of Hutchinson, of Orleans, The regen would like to throw Litiiejohw, but will not try unless sure of success. Richardson and Hughes are neck and neck for Clerk. It 18 an even chance between them. ¢ ‘The Americans will nominate distinct candidates. There is a determination by the regency to crush out the Ameri- cans without compromise. The Message will be short and nou-committal on all prominont topics of State interest. ‘Schemes for entirely changing the charter of your city are being arranged. Pomeroy and Oakey Hall have charge of the subject. THE NEW STATE GOVERNMENT. Edwin D. Morgan. overnor. % Li. ut. Governor. rotary of State, ‘Comptrolier. Isaac V. Vanderpoel. Treasurer, Lyman Tremain, Attorney General CANAL COMMISSIONERS. Sherrill, ” year. ‘two years. Three years. E Van R. Richmoud -One year. CANAL \i7DITOR. N.S. Benton, subject to removal by the Senate, CANAL APPRAISERS. Ashbel B. Parm Henry H. Hull.......... Wm. Wasson... cseseee ? COMMISSIONERS © Lieutenant Governor Gan pbeil. i} Secretary Tucker | Comptroiler Chureh. Treasurer Vanderpoet. Attorney General Tremain. COURT OF APPEALS. Alexander 8. Johnson... jeorge F. Comstock... muel L. Selden Hiram Denio.... Selah B. Strong. Cornelius jL. allen. Hiram Gray, ce segeeess+- Angelica, igeted from the Supreme Court, to serve unti) Dec. 81, 1859, by virtue of section 2, article 6 of the constitution. Russell F. Hicks F. Peshine Smith OFFICERS OF THE STATE The Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Secretary of State, and the Superintendent of Public Intruction, @ officio, 7 Regents. Residence. Jobn Greig, Gulian C. Verplanck . Date of Election, - Canandaigua ..January 12, 1825, New York .... January 25, 1826. ‘Mareh 31, 1829, ‘March 23, 1833, :April 4, 1833. : April 17, 1884. <February 1, 1842. John V. L. Pruyn. Robert Campbell - Samuel Lucky. Robert G. Rankin. . February, 1857. Bis . February’ 16, 1858. ceiickns OF THE vOAkD. Chancellor. Vice Chancellor. . Treasurer. c Léoutenant Governor Campbell. Secretary Tucker. Comptroller Church. Treasurer Vanderpoel. Fngineer and Surveyor Richmond. Attorney General Tremain. Canal Commissioners Sherrill, Jaycox and Gardner CANAL CONTRACTING BOALD. Anditor Benton. Engineer and Surveyor Richmond. Commissioners Sherrill, Jaycox and Gardner. INSPECTORS OF STATE PRISONS. sense Wieecivvas OREM. hemung SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, ‘Heury H. Van Dyck. SUPERINTENDENT OF TL NG DEPARTME: James M Cook. MILITARY TAD: IMENT. Féwin D. Morgan. . Commander-in-Chief. Frederick Townser @ Adjutaat Gener: George ¥. Sherman. Clarence A. Seward. James L. Mitchell. George F. N esbits... Cornelius B. Agaew.. Robert L. Jolson E. G. Thompeon...... Charles W. Darling. . HR. Rathbone........ William L. Skidmore. . ‘ FIRST DIVISION. Charles W. Sandford, of New York, Major General— comprising the city and’ county of New York and county of Richmond. “Inspector General. sJudge Advocate General - Quartermaster Geueral. ineer in Chief, SECOND DIVISION. Harmon B. Daryea, of Brooklyn, Major General—com prising the counties of Kings, Queens, Saffolk, Westches ter, Putnam, Oreare and Rockland ‘THIKD DIVISION John Taylor Cooper, of Albany, Major General prising the counties of Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, Albany, Greene, Delaware, Ulster, Sullivan, Saratoga aud Washington. ORTH prvTst0N. Orville Clark » ly Hill, Major General—embracing the counties of Warr-a, Rasex, Clinton, Franklin, St. Law rence, Jefferson and Lewis FIPTH DIVISION. Burnside, of 0, Major General—em- b enectady, Herkimer, Hamulton, Fulton, Mont- gomery, Schoharie, Otsego, Madison, Broome, Chenango and Tioga. SIXTH DIVISION. William G. Brown, Syracuse, Major General—compris- | ing Oneida, Oswego, Cayuga, Onondaga, Cortland and 4 ‘Tompkins, SRVENTH DIVISION. William 8. Fullerton, of Livingston county, Major Geno- ral—embracing Wavue, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Yates, Steuben, Livingstou, Chemung and Schuyler. HGHTH. DIVISION. Nelson Randall, of Boffaio, Major General—ombracing the counties of Alleghany, Wyoming, Genesee, Orleans, Niagara, Erie Cattaraugus and Chautauque, wiUaIA LAW. A petition will be preseated to the Legislature asking— 1, That the commissioned officers of the militia shal! bo | commissioned by the Governor, and hereafter every such commission ehail expire ten years from the day of dal thereof, except of such officers aa are otherwise provided for in sections 3 and 6 of title 2, chapter 398, Lawe of 1854 and no cominissioned Ollicor canbe removed from ofti during such term unlees vy the Senate, on the recommen- dation of the Governor, stating the grounds on which euch »y be no delay in the organization | | parcelling out eome political favoritism 23—Madison, Chenango & Cort!’d.Joun J, Foote. 24—Tom pk ins, & pom iy TRAN ‘25—Wayne and Cayuga.........Alex. B. Will | 26—Ontario, Yates and Seneca,. Truman Boardman. Rep. | 27—Chemung Schuyler&Bieuben. Alex. 8. Diven..., .Rep. 28—Monroe, John E. Patterson... Rep | 29—Ningara, Horatio J, Stow....Rep. 30—Wyoming, Allegany. | St—Erie...... 32—Chautauque and Cattaragus.John P, Darling....Rep. ) Opposition 20 | | Democmats, 12 Opposition majority. 8 * It is alleged that Senator Mandeville was appointe! Post- Tie repuiouns elected Mr. Wetmore, who Will 201 ma ‘wat the seat. THE ASSEMBTY. Dis. NEW YORK. 9—C.8, Spenoer, Am. &rep. 10—John W. Chadler, dom. 11—Noah A. Childs, dena. 12—Theo. E. Tomiingon tem, 13—P. Masterton, dem. 14—Geo. Opdyke, Atm. & rep. 1b—Stephen 4 Chilus, rep. 16—Jas. C. Ratherford , dem, 17—James McLeod, dem. ‘ONEIDA. 1—C. M. Schoivfield, rep. 2—Kaward Loomis, rep. B—R. C. Costello, rep. 4—Didymus Thomas, rep. ONONDAGA. Dist. ALBANY, 1—H. Crebie, dem. 2—M. L. Filkins, rep. 2—Wmm. A. Young, fusion. 4—L. D. Collins, rep. ALLEGHANY. 1—A, Lockbart, rep. 2—Wm. Cobb, rep. BROOME 1—Osbory E. Bump, rep. L—m. CATTARANGUS a—W Baker, rep. . Bufbugton, Jr., rep. CAYUGA 1—Wm. W. Payne, rep. 2—Chauncy B. Abbots, rep CHAUTAUQUE. 1—Luke Ramsey, rep. 1—H. Bliss, rep. 2—Henry W. Slocuinb, rep. 2-8. E. Palmer, rep. 3—Orrim Aylworth, rep. CHEMUNG. ONTARIO. 1—P. Wintermute, rep. 1—Ulyses Warner, dem. CHKNANGO, 2—Shotwell Powoll, rep, ‘ORANGE, 1~J. H. Mallory, dem. ‘2—Joseph Davis, rep, RLEANS. 1—G. B. Palmer, dem. 2—Judson L. Grant, rep. WN. ‘CLINTON, L. M. Pierea, rep. 01 COLUMRLA. A. B. Hutchinson, rep. 1—H. P. Hermance, dem. OswaGo. 1—D. ©. Littiejonn, rep 2—J. G.VanValkenberg,rep. ORTLAND. 2—B. Brockway, rep. Arthur Holmes, rep. 3—James J. Coit, rep. DELAWARE. OTSEGO. 1—G. F. Longenett, rep. 1—B. R. Johnson, rop. Ae 2—Samuel A. Law, Am, DUTCHRSS. PUTNAM. 1—J. Mackin, rep. E. A, Pelton, rop. 2S. J, Farmer, rep. QUEENS, KI, J—H. W. Eastinaa, rep. 2-K. L. Meaks, rep. RENSSECARR, 1—Thomas Coleman, rep. 2—H. B. Clark, rep. $—Anson Bingham, rep. 1—D. Bowen, rep. 2--H. B. Miller, rep. S—John S. King, rej 4—Wilson Rogers BSSEX. Monroe Hall, rep. RICHMOND. 1—Robert Christie, dem. FRANKLIN. Martin I. Parlin, rep. ROCKLAND. FULTON. 1—Wesley J. Weiant, dem. Fi. W. Spencer, rep. SARATOGA. NESER. 1—Chaun. Boughton, rep. F. G. Moulton, rep. 2—G. S. Batchelder, rep. GREENE. SCHENECTADY. A. Macomber, rep. Charles Thomas, rep. HERKIMER. SCHUYLER. Isaac DP. Mekeel, rep. SCHOHARIE. W. C. Lamont, dem. SENECA. 1—~J. P. Chamberlain, rep. St. LAWRENCE. 1—Harlow Godard, rep. 2—Wm. Briggs, rep. 3-0. F. Shepard, rep, STRUBEN. 1—Abel Eyeland, rep. 2—W. R. Crocker, rep. 1—R. Weaver, rep. —P. 8, Stewart, rep. 8—F. Fish, rep. KINGS. 1—Joseph Wilson, dem. 2—B. D. Moore, rep. 8-H. B. Duryea, rep. 4—Thos. A. Gardiner, dem. 5—Lucius C. Andrews, rep. @—A. Meserole, Jr., rep. 3-—Vohn T. Plato, rep. 7—Franklin Tathill, rep. SUFFOLK. LEWIS. 1—B. F. Wiggins, rep. L. R. Lyon, rep. 2—R. J. Cornelius, dem. LIVINGSTON. SULLIVAN. G. E. Bushnell, dem. TOMPKINS, W. Woodbury, rep. TIOGA, 1—David Earle, rep. ULSTER. 1-8. L. Fuller, rep. 2—John Wiley, rep. MADIEON, 1—Simeon Rider, rep. ‘oah M. Coburn, rep. MONROR. 1—Marrigon A. Lyon, rep. 2—E. Pond, rep. 1—F. Suydam, dem. 2—Albert Carponter, rop, &—alpbonso Perry, rep. S—A. D. Ladue, rep. ‘MONTGOMERY. ‘WASHINGTON, Jeremiah Snell, rep. 1—Andrew Thompson, rep NIAGARA. 2Q—Jas. M. Northrup, rep. WAYNE. 1-H. K. Graves, rop. 2-3. A. Laing, rep. WHSi CHESTER, 1—A. Van Cortland, dem. 2—James 8. See, rep. 3—G. A. Hubbell, rep. YOMING. w . E. C. Holt, rep. ‘YATES. 1—James Sweeney, rep. 2—B. Van Horn, rep. EW YORK. J—Jacob L. Smith, dem. 2—Michael Fitzeerald,dem. 2—Chris. B. Woodrutt,dem. 4—William Gover, dem. ig, ep. &—Jumes J. Rielly, dem. Daniel Morris, rep. RECAPITULATION. 1859, 23 100 It is several years since either political party possessed such unobstructed sway as the republicans will have at the commencement of the legislative session of 1859. Ever since the adoption of the constitution under which the State is now governed, neither democrat, whig, re- publicon or American has at any one time had entire con- trol of the Fxecutive Department, the Sonate and the House of Assembly. Consequently, in adopting measures, passing laws, or making appointments, a necessity ex- isted for uniting opposition elements in order to obtain the confirmation of any political undertaking. And in all such instances, though one party or the other may have reaped advantages trom certain acis of legislation, still neither party, st “tly speaking, could be held responsi- ble for any #uch trausactions, however disreputable they may have been in the eyes of the people. It is a singular fact, that since the adoption of the present constitution and the ele of Senators by single districts, the demo- party in that body has not commanded a majority. ast election has given the republican party the entire control of the Executive and both legislative de- partments. The responsibility of all enactments, of every public measure, must rest upon them. The party ‘ged to carry out certain measures which they promised their allies, but the performance of which have for several years evaded, dodged and prevented unger the plea of their powerless condition and or the oth artmnents of the government. That use can ng longer be of service to them, and during the approaching seesiou the republicans will be summoned to the of public opinion to redeem adi the pledges which their leaders have made to various portions of society, and ome of them will be found of a very embarrassing, intri- cate and conflicting character. We will undertake to enumerate a portion of them. THE COMPLETION OF THE CANALS OF THE STATE. No party bas indulged in more extravagant eulogiums, nor extraordinary boastings, nor ardeat desires for the tion of our public internal water communications, than the whigwepublican party leaders. Their ideas have always been in favor of the most majesticschemes; wouro- my never scems to bave entered their brains; and the forty million debt scheme, proposed by Seward twenty years ago, bas been the groundwork and tho principle upon which all their actions have been based ever since, So reckless and inconsiderate have they been, that they leaped over the barriers of the constitution, aided by a portion of heedlees democrats, in order to exhibit their wonderful pretensions of friendship for the enlargement of the canals, Failing in this, then, the constitution being ripped open and its bowele exposed to public view, the especial friends assured the people that nine millions were amply sufficient to finish the work. The whig- republicans and Americans «pent that amount and as much more as was acoessible, but the canals remained unfinished, The last account from the Canal Board in- fe us that some three or four millions more was in- dispensabie to close up the work. During the last session several bills were ju'roduced in the Legislature, which the Cr inittee on Canals, and also the Committee of Wa) aud Mean of the Houge, stated must be enacted int in order \o raise the necessary funds for the pro cut of tue work during the then coming season. Why, the tuvs! lamentable pictures were drawn of the anfinish- ed condition of the canals, and it was stated over and over again that unless those bills were adopted as a whole, according to Mr. I. ing, Chairman of Ways and Means, capal navigation, in # great measure, must be suspended The republicans and Americaus were bot prepared to adopt the measures inangurated and urought forward by the democrats. A fatal rencontre, however, occurred in the Canal Board and others outside in relation to the democracy com) removal is recommeades, or by the decision of a court | martial, pursvai! (0 law, 2. That all officers now in commission whoge commis: sions tT n years or over prior to and upon the parsing of this act, an ten years fron the do hereby relieved tI! othere upon the piration of | of date of their commissions, are | y ‘om all active duty and command. | Hon. Robert Campbell... Dist. _ Counties and Wards, Senators. tics. 1—Saffolk , Que K Joshua B, Smith... Dem. 2—Wards!,*, Samuel Sloan... .. Des j—W'd8 6,8, 9, 10,12,14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Brooklyn...... Franeis B. Spinets Nem. 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 14, New York seasve+.SObN ©, Mathor, Dem, | 6—W 'ds 10,11, 13,17. New York.Sim't ir... ene, 6—W'ds9, 15,16, 18, New Yor’ an 9—W'ds 12, 19, 40, #1, 22, 2 Putnam "and Rockland. vase Bei), Brandreth. Dem. | Osimnar 1 Whee | nge and Sullivan. 1o-—Ulnter nnd Greene. i. ‘and Comm! Wie 1: rand Washingt rn. Jo! 14—Delaware, Foy obuson, Am. }, Schoharie & Sche ry hasd becca Tank & Cortana Ren b/ farren, Fesex: Franklin. .\ . Lovet * Jee ioretence and Franklin; Wr. A. Wheeler, Rap. and Lewis. quarrelied and al! the bills were | means were provided for cont through the year 1858. At the sponsibility will be devolved upon party lo propose measures for the great works. If there were no other canals ing for the expenditure of money on pub. Nic credit other than the Erie canal, then it be no difficult task for auy pariy; bat ¢ cated upon the routes of the Oswogo, neca, and Champlain, re for appropriations, notwithstandiag act or probably ever will, pay into 1! f the fF court ror nual cost of repairs and superinten: truth is, the Erie canal—the main «ter New York—is the only one th the people anything on acconnt of its oot re tue thus Cerived is poured jato the treasury 6: tue Stave ‘on account of tolls upon produce coring |r or Stvtow and upon merchandise and mani y tired joods 14 Lined for the western rogions of the ov vu rine oo the great internal watera—the most ex wusive an! mag nificent in the world. The party in power would rcilly make provision to finish the canals if te Canal Board, which is {n the hands of the democratic party, was of Tepablican faith. There will be, however, measure cocted to place the funds in the hands of the Cana’ traoting Board, 0 that they may control the political action of contractors, and leave the Cane! Board and Canal Commissioners without power and without funds. The on horetofore awarded te the Canal Board, in the Mhupe of appointing.evloctors, superintondents,exinerra a an’ minor vilorra, will likely be taken from the present democratic board. he potracting Board will be in the hands of the cans by the removal of Mr. Benton, the present itor, a* an early moment, to which body the republican logisia- Noxon, ee | tore enn oe matters tnd to Hine the canals with subservient tools, to be placed im the hands of Wil- Kiam H. Seward in 1860, ‘The bills proposed by democratic State officers for the prosecution of the canal works authorized @ loan of three million eight hundred thousand dollars, It provided for tax of one quarter of a mill per annum, to raise a suflicient sum to pay the interest and the principal in eighteen years. This was the amount then estimated to ‘be necessary to complete the enlargement. of the canals, in addition to the ten or tweive millions borrowed under the provisions of the amended constitution and expended. TRE REGISTRATION OF VOTBRS. This question is @ cardinal feature in the creed of one of the parties, he notorious frauds alleged to be com- mitted in the city of New York and the other cities in this State at elections has been the means of pouring into the Legislature during the last dozen sessions thousands of pe- titioners, asking for the passage of a registry law. The party now in power have uniformly pledged thcir assist- ance at the polls of election, Tens of thousands of votes have been annually secured upon that promise. It comes into full power now undera guarantee that such a law shall be secured at the ensuing session, The leaders, however, think it ot doubtful propriety, and fear that such an act wili be considered by the mechanics and !a- borers as bearing too heavily upon them for quiet and cordial submission. The proposition will first be submit tod to embrace the entire State; but as nearly every mem- ber from the rural districts will repel the in- sinuation that fraudulent voting ever existed at their polls of election, they will refuse to sup- port such a bill, Them amendments will be sub- mitted, making the registry law applicable to cities only. This latter proposition will be resisted on the ground that it would be unconstitutional to impose peal- tics upon guffrage in one portion of the State and not upon another—to exact certain conditions or qualifications of voters upon citizens of a partial and unjust charactor. ‘The dominant party will closely estimate the profit and Jogs upon such a political investment—wil) foot up the ledger to ascertain whether it will be more pradent and politic to fulfil the promises made over and over again to the Americans, and pass the registry law, or whether it is wiser to retain that portion of the workingmen’s votes thoy now possess, and refuse to enact the law. Our own opinion is that the republican party will rather forfeit all the pledges its leaders have ever made than take the re- sponsibility of enacting such a law, either for the State at large or the cities ouly. It may be well to state that a registry law passed the Senate during the expiring hours of the last session. The republicans and Americans voted for ii and the demo- crats against it. In the House of Assembly it failed for the want of two votes only, and those two were Mr. Ab- bott, of Cayuga, and Mr.’ Baker, of Montgomery, two republican leaders of the “House. This gave evidence conclusively that the party knew the entire strength the bill had in that body; consequently it was very casy to manifest asympathy with the Americans in favor of the measure, when at the same time a secret piot was formed to defeat it. By this time there can be no dodging: the republicans can deceive the Americans no longer; they must now face the music. THE EXCISE AND PROWIBITORY LIQUOR LAWS. No subject of pablic policy has ever been buifetted about from one kind of fanatics to another more than the liquor question, Not content with the enactment of reasonable and popular laws to regulate the liquor trafic, the ultra. ists would rather prefer free trade in rum than to assist in the passage of any law short of absolute confiscation of property and total probibition of the liquor traflic. ‘The political jugglers have time and again inveighed the real friends of temperance into their meshes under the most solemn ebligations of frieudship; they even went 80 far as to suifer the passage of the notorious prohibitory law, but at the same time purposely rendering it so un popular that the people would not obey it, the courts sustained the opinion of the people. The foolish and ab- surd law now in existence poscesses neither the conf. dence of the temperance classes nor those who deal in lgeors. Attempts have been made to punish offenders, put convictions have rarely followed. In cities where one retailer pays for a license io sell, a dozen groggeries are in constant blast all around him, in open violation of the Jaw. As no one was prosecuted in 1857, the understand- ing was that if the law could not be enforced then it was utterly useless for any one to pay thirty dollars for what was called a privilege, but which turned out to be no pri- vilege whatever, So it became the unanimous opinion of retailers that it was only throwing away their money to apply for licenses. The Court of Appeals in the month of April last gave a decision that the law could be enforced, and the Excise Commissioners generally undertook to frighten retailers into the belief that prosecutions for vio- lations would most assuredly take place. Large sums wore again paid for licenses, but the same indifference has manifesied itself, and thovsands of liquor retail- ers have proceeded with impunity as heretofore. Now, the incoming administration are committed to the ultra Maine lawites. A prohibitory law is what ‘was promised them previons to the election. If there is aspark of honesty or sincerity in the republican part; the many reiterated pledges must be faithfully fulfilled. But the leaders will not permit such a suicidal transac- tion. In either case, prohibition or not, they cannot escape from all the responsibility in the matter. It we were permitted to offer advice, we should rofer to the old license laws as they stood before the temperance fanatical tinkering commenced. Those laws were amply stringent for.all practical purposes, and if they had been enforced, as they casily might have been, the evils of intempsrance would have been greatly abated and lessened, liquor deal- ing confined to its legitimate limits, intoxication ina great measure suppressed, and the morals of the community ma- terially improved. Turn back to the records when consiat- ency, moderation, practical common sense prevailed, and re-enact from statutes now repealed the ag basa those congiderate days, and then the people will hat 2 cise Iaws of practical utility, in whith the public have confidence, afd they will be those which the officers of justice can enforce with systematic case. All the tinker- ing that bas been done to them to gratify the temperance fanatics and intemperate hay ed has only tended to in- crease drunkenness, render laws ridiculous, and set back the tide of morality’, soberness and truth. THE ELECTIVE FRANCHISE. If the party in power undertake to redeem one tenth o the pledges made before election on the subject of tho elective franchise, they will do much more than we an- ticipate. In the first place, they are under obligations to the twelve thousand colored voters for Morgan to obtain ap amendment of the constitution abolishing the present restriction upon ‘gentlemen of color’? who are not in posectzion of real estate to the value of two hundred dollars. The republican party, if it has any sincerity in its profeasions, must see that negroes are placed in porfect citizenship with the whites, notwithstanding the Dred Scott decision to the contrary. They must be allowed to partake of official drippings in the Legislature, in the State offices, upon the Judicial bench, in thg jury box, in the church, and at the family fireside and hearthstone. No- 2 ny legs than all this will fulfil the obligations of the re- peblican party to their colored brethren. There must be no escape through executive pigeonloles this time. Something is alzo expected in relation to aliens exercis- ing the right of suffrage. At the State Convention the re- publican party adopted one of the planks in the American platform, declaring it imperative, in order to insure the protection and purity of the ballot box. that naturalized citizens should be put on probation for some considerable length of time previons to beivg allowed the priviiegeat vot- ing. ‘the time was not distinctly stated, but it is assamed that a latitude was to be allowed from one to twenty-one ears. By the adoption of this essential feature ip the now Nothing creed, the republican candiuates for State officers and members of Congress received more than twenty thousand votes at the late election from the Ame: rican ranks. As in honor bound, and to keep good faith With thoge voters, the republicans should enact a law pre venting a naturalized citizen from voting until he resides in the State several years after becoming a citizen. AS each State is its own judge of the qualification of the elec: tore, and cau regulate its own terms with adopted citizens, there is no doubt but the incoming Legislature se8 the power and the right to make su tween native and adopted citizens. enact ench a law they lose every adopted refuse to fulfil their agreement and solemnly pledged contract with the Kuow Nothings, then the with them will become fnstantly dissolved. ‘Them, to avoid Charybdis they must run ‘foul of seyila, ‘There is no alternative. THE RAGES OF WHARPAGE IN Tuy YORK. We learn that the following bill will be brought before the Legislature of this State at the coming session:— An act to amend an act entitled “An act to reduen gaye ral laws, relating partienlarly to tho city of New York, into one act,” passed April 9, 1813, in respect to the rates of whart ge in cities of New York and Brooklyn, passes 1859) The people of the State of New York, Senate and Assembly, do See. 1. The 212th section of said act of 1813 is herwby amended so that hereafter the rates of 9 cities of New York and Brooklyn, for all vos being made fast t any wharf, pier or bulky cities, reepectively, shall be ag follows:—For all vessels under fifiy tons burthen fifty cente per day, and in adit tion thereto for ali vessels over fifty tous aud ‘ander 500 tans one-balf of a cent per day for each and every ton over fifty tons, ana for all vessels of 600 tons and upwards ono.quar ter cfacent per day for each and every ton over 600 tons in addition to the fifty cents for tho first fifty tone and the one-half cent for each ton over fifty wus to amd ineluding 600 tons. Sec. 2. The 215th section of said actga hereby an ag to read as follows hat any vesrel which sha: side of another vestel fastened to any such whar bulkbeat, eball hereafter pay one half of th whorfige a8 aleve provided for ta pa ize, oe kore betore mentioned. Every vessel hereatae employing of nging « horse, or horses with cor take in cargo, ballast or anything vorT OF NEW lod go Hie out rates of whartage, pay fifty per day, and a like a ny fraction of a day for each and every horse 80 5c. Sec. 3. The collection of the rater of wharfage preveribed by this act, and (ye compenention tor loading of unloading by horse as afr Hi ood in the Marner pre scribed by the 207 Lion ¢ act of 1813. Noching in this act of wharfage on tighiors, ‘Thys act shai! At cach session « Irgisiature for tho last throo or four years villa having in view th the abowe, bat making the increase in the rates considerably greater, were introduced; but Mm convequence of the large otof busine? on hand, and the valuable tine oa w jy coneamed by members in making bane ave ape not one of them was ever reached, and st the close of cach session they found # common toinb With th other “unfinishod business.” ‘The miserable etate of our wharves and piors 4 simply Owing to the fact that the remuneration, as at prevent eame object faxed by law, is not sufficient'to pay for depreciation and repairs, The rates of now ‘on veusols were contury ‘by law more than half a worth less than one-fourth wore loaded and SA preseat value, wi discharged from vessels by ee ‘Tho Comptroller of this city, some years since, in hig annual ro- port, showed the great need of more remunerating rates of wharfuge. He represented that the present rates Ald nat par foxy pet coms cp. the actonl one of the piers, considerably leas than they did in any other targe port in the United States. He might have went further, and also stated that here were considerably under those of all the im t ports in the world; and oven should the above Dill become a law, this last statement wil! still be the fact. The increase proposed in this Dill dooz not materially affect the larger class of vessels, which are already charged with nearly romunerative rates, but the increase is upon that ‘of craft which would occupy nearly the same space at a wharf that a large ship would require, and could only be about half the wharf. age which the latter would be compelled to pay. Ta iltus- —_ of the Revenant, a veusol of five hundred tong urthen requires nearly same room hart one cA coataamat tons would occupy, and while the former pays but one dollar aud sixty-three cents per day, the latter is taxed two dollars and cighty-oight cents. ‘The following table exhibits the rates as proposed by Saal poe bill, compared with thoge a5 at present osta- Proposed rates Present rates per day. per day. Under $ 50 50 Under vt 63 Under 100 % Under 125 88 Under 1 60 100 Under 176 113 Under 200 12 Under Py 138 Under 2 50 1 50 Under 276 1 63 Under 2 BIG 175 Under 300 188 Under 312% 200 Under 3 213 Under 3 31K 225 Under 3 50 2 38 Under 860 tons, 3 62y 260 Under 900 tons, 3 263 Under 9650 tons. 3 81sG 275 Under 1000 tons, Ré 400 288 THE CHURCH PROPERTY LAW. Petitions are being circulated in every part of the State, which Will be presented to the Legislature at an carly stage of the seasion, praying for the repeal of the law of 1855, called the Church Properly The act in ques- tion was enacted in the hejght of the Know Nothing ex- citement, intended to take from Catholic priests certain secular power with which they were invested by the church. This cousisted chiefly in the power of the bishops to hold all church property in their own names, irrespect- ive of trustees, deacons, elders or other description of members. The law, as passed a few years since, gave certain other officers of the church the right and authority to purchase, receive in trust, sell and dispose of real o8- tate, such us churches, numieries, hospitals, cemeteries, &c.’ The petitioners, who are exclusively Catholics, now demand of the republican party the prompt repeal of the law, and to restore the bishops and priesthood to the rights and privileges heretofore enjoyed by them. ‘The law was enacted mainly through the influence of Mr. Put- nam, oi Buffalo, and Mr. Brooks, of New York, both Know Nothing Senators at the time, and done to appease tho importunities of Know Nothingism, so rampant at that period of its history. This will prove a very embarrass- ing matter, as the republicans will be under the neces- sity of deciding between the Protestants and Catholics. DISCRIMINATING TOLLS ON CANALS. ‘The sending of Littlejohn back to the Legislature is a sigual for the forwarders at Buffalo to renew their applica- tion for a law authorizing a discrimination of tolls on the Frie canal, ‘Two years ago a strong effort was mado to induce the Legislature to compel the payment of the same tolls on articles coming from or bound to the West, whether trausported on the canals between Oswego and tidewater or between Buffaio and the Hudson river. The State, of course, loses a large amount of revenue annually by run- ning around Butlulo, through the Welland canal, euter! Oswego, and there take shipping for the seaboard. Full one-third of tolis are thus saved. The competition be- tween those rival cities has become extremely animated, and as the advantage is on the side of Oswego, the jealousy of Buffalo has arisen to such a height as to demand a dis- criminating law for the protection of Buffalo interests, and consequently add to the revenues of the canal. As Mr. Littlejohn ia the most prominent candidate for Speaker of the House, there is no doubtethat this question of tolls will enter into the controversy. Should he be elected, then he will again be able to wield sufficient influence and power to frustrate the objects of the compoting forward- ing merchants of Rullalo, TOLLING RAILROADS. ‘The idea of reimposing canal tolls on such railroads as compete with the Erie canal in the carrying trade is not abandoned by any means. The effort will be revived the coming seasion. A strong force showed itself in the last Legislature, and but for the activity of lobby agents the tolls would have been restored last year, and the canal fund, by this time, or the opening of navigation, would have been benefitted half amiliion of dollars. The railroads, having succeeded in the election of Mr. Morgan, feel pretty certain that no law of the kind can be passed by the Legislature; or, if adopted by both Houses, then it will positively be arrested by the prompt exercise ot the Executive veto. It may, however, prove different, and the new Governor may take tforwar his interest in railroads does not extend to either of the lunes which would be affected by being compelled io Pay canal tolls during the suspension of canal na it isa question that has agitated the public mind several years, and is susceptible of bringing out very strong Arguments on both sides; but as the interest of the people is ou one side and that of a large number of our most shrewd and skilful private citizens on the other, there seems to exist scarcely any doubt which side will eventually triumph. THE USURY LAWS. Year after year efforts have been made to establish a system ofiree trade in money, or, in other words, re- move the restrictions now imposed upon banks and other money lenders in the receipt of inferest on Joans. It is an extremely fruitful topic, and the discussion in relation to the pros and cons are inexhaustible. The New York Chamber of Commerce, composed of, bankers and money lenders, have issued circulars asking the Legislature s0 to modify the existing usury laws as to aliow any amount of interest or discount upon borrowed money that may be or upon by the coutracting parties, would be placing, for instance, an American gold eagle, which has its regular standard value, in the same position as a horse or any other species of property whose vaiue fluctuates every day. ‘The attempts heretofore made to amend the usury laws bave failed, because members from tho rural districts always exhibited a jealousy and fear against any change, because the proposition came from the sharpers about Wall street, in the city of New York. It is feared that if free trade is permitted, then, instead of borrowing money at seven per cent, its “market value’ will assume a much higher standard, and especially when tight times and hard pressures make their periodical appearance. Our country friends when loaning money, are perfectly content with seven per cent upon ample security; indeed, it is extremely donbt- ful whether any fair and legitimate business will warraat the payment o/ over seven per cent. But as the members of the Chamber of Commerce are practical financiers, they may be able to furnish such convincing arguments a8 to induce the Legislature to remove the restrictions now imposed on certain kinds of moneyed transactions. The Legisiature will be called upon to decide upon the matter, The practical workings of a change in the present system. will soon develope the fact whether it ought to govern money dealings or not. BONDS AND MORTGAGES AS BANKING CAPITAL. ‘The only objection of any importance existing against the New York State laws relating to banking, consists in the allowance of bonds and mortgages as securities for the insve of bilie of credit. The only losses which have ever cocurred to the bill holders, under our present syatem, hove Ueen om account of depreciation on the estimated aive of this kind of security in every instance when the Bank “sper \utendent has been compelled to resort to ulte- rior measures in winding up concerns of broken banks, ‘Year after year, and session after session, endeavors have been made to strike from the list of securities bonds and mortgages. Mombers of the Legislature from the cities have uniformly advocated the propriety of placing the basis of banking solely upon State and United States stocks, as being the only reliable security for the bill- holder, But tne members from the rural districts, whose rivate loans are always made on bonds and morigages, have thus far defeated it, declaring that as they possess confidence in landed securities for loans among themsclyes the sar vehabilty shoalt be sufficient for all legitimate As itis not very probable then that cs wil) be stricken out, measures should the Hank Superintendent with more mide and mortgages as a banking ra © whether itis safe to take any real eataty for over dfty per conton its assessed valu- tion. UNCLADISD DEPOSITS IN SAVINGS BANKS. Piforts hive frequently been made to pass some kind of laws oy which the surplus, or unclaimed deposits ia char- tere? savings Wanks, may accrue to the benefit of the people of the State. There is at present an accumulation of deposits of this character to the amount of many millions, to claim which thore institutions do not posseas any perfect right. Propoeitions have heretofore been made to compel thoes depositories to place all unclaimed moneys, after re maining on band a reasouable time, into the State Treasury, thereby making the whole people responsible for their safe keeping. Provision could be made to appropriate the interest to common school purposes, or distributing a por- tion te benevolent and charitable mstitutions under charge of the State. If there are somo twenty millions of thees unclaimed deposits in the hands of these institutions awaiting Ownership, aud no elaimants present themselves, why is such fund not in the same position with real estate, which becomes eecheated to the State? This is amore inte- resting matter than people are generally a . The fay ings inawtations, with their many millions of this kind of surplus on hand, are aunually reaping more benefit from \t than they are from their legitimate business, It is high time that the Legigiatore take this matter in hand, and make an investigation ax (o whother these funds should not be placed in the custody of the State Treasury, METROPOLITAN POLICK LAW TO BK FURTHER BX” TENDRD. 8 whieh bos attended the republican party In mm ef uniting geveral counties under one finn same direction, ‘The democratic party, which has ‘been endeavoring to make party capital for itself on ac. count of the Police law enacted for this locality have NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 3, 1859. (alled tn the eadcavor, It is not 50 atroeg in the city of | w New York by many thousands as it was previous to the Passage of that act. It shows a great failing off on every trial. The attempt to procure arepeal of the law may as well be abandoned for the preseat, because it cannot be accomplished until the democratic party shall ebtain com- Plete ascendency at tho State capital; and, judgimg from the experience of the last dozen years, there is no proba- bility that such an event will occur for as many years ia the future. Instead, therefore, of repealing the law in ex- istence, others of a similar character will be enacted. Alroady we learn that it has been decided upon to add the county eee toour prosent bea pales dis- trict, Albany, Troy, Lansingburg, oe8, Walerviict aad Scheseciad,,, will form. n poles district for the protection of the capital of the State and the bgp around it. The is to be extended to all cities in the interior, thro southera tier of tho State. ‘his will have the effect a from Lip localities all power mare ruling dynasty at y. be 80 extended as to embrace the entire length aud breadth of the State, with u general Superintendent at the right hand of his Excellency, who can be installed Com mander-in-Chief of the New York State Police establish- ment, as he is of the military forces. With such an or- ganization, perfected under a aretamatio plan, drilled and manceuyrod by well skilled tacticians, what can pre- ‘veut the republican party from maintaining the citadel of hein agi rep eaapetl ‘The Court of bas sanctioned the law establishing one district, encempassing the counties of New York, West- chester, Kings and mond; the same decision will equally apply to a similar district including other: por- tions of the State, and, indeed, the entire boundaries of the State. The power being thus conceded of establishing such districts, there is no reason to believe that the repub- lican party, now in full swing, will hesitate to improve | the opportunity, THE PARALLEL BROADWAY RAILROAD PROJECT. An application will be made to the Legislature com- | pelling the city of New York to widen Greene Church | streets, Trinity place, Greenwich from Morris to Battery place and Stato street, Whitehall street from State street to the East rivor, and to extend Greone street northerly from Eighth to Fourteenth street, to extend Church street southerly from Fulton to Liberty, and Trinity place south- erly to Greenwich street. The project is to assess a por- tion, or perhaye the whole expense of the same, on the taxablo real estate of a part or the whole of said city of New York. Now, this magnificent, expensive scheme is undoubtedly intended to open am avenue from the Battery to Fourteenth street, to accommodate the Broadway parai- Icl railroad. ‘The projectors of a railway direct through Broadway baying been compelled by the courts to aban- don that project, are now turning their attontion to a rail- way route on the streets running parallel with Broadway on the west side. And for the purpose of having the streets widened, straightened and graded for their_parti- cular accommodation, they will petition the Legislature, compelling the city to cut and carve out a track suitable for laying down rails. ‘The expense of the proposed alter- ation and widening of streets will foot up to millions of doliars, which, if the magnificont project succeeds, must be added to the already overburthened taxation of the city ‘We shall give our correspondent at the capital special in- structions to keep us fully posted on this enterizg wadge to the Broadway parallel railroad. MILITARY EXPENSES AT QUARANTINE. At an carly stage of the session bills will be introduced for the payment of the troops stationed at the Quarantine grounds. The State will undoubtediy foot the bills in the first instance, as the expenses haye been legally incurred by the Governor himself, under authority vested in him | to protect personaand property by calling out tho military force of the State. It matters not whether Governor King acted wisely or indiscreetly im incurring this enormous expense, the soldiers must be paid nevertheless. But an effort will be made to compel tho county of Richmond to raise all the funds necessary to liquidate not only the damages occasioned by the conflagration and destruction of the Quarantine buildings, but also the expense of main- taining the military forces in order to prevent further devastation of property. Itis a grave question whether the Legislature can compel any particular locality to pay the expense of State troops. PORT WARDENS, HARBOR MASTERS AND PILOTS. Politicians of small calibre have too long controlled the regulation of vesscis in the harbor and the pilotage out. side. No man could be embraced in either of those three monopolies unless he was in full communion with the Political parties having power at headquarters. Although Persons entrusted with the pilotage of vessels, or the re- gulation of their berths in port, should be such as to have had practical experience in navigation and wharfage matters, still, nine-tenths of those who now occupy those positions—and have done so for a quarter of a century— possess no other qualification than that of being orthodox politicians. The Chamber of Commerce, the ipping in- terest, and the mercantilo community generally, have fre- quently int objections to such class of pilots, port wardens, ‘bor mastess; but thus far all their pro- testations have produced not the least effect. Such public officers are still annoying the commercial interests of the city. The party in power will confer a great tavor upon all who are interested in the commerce of this city by a reformation in this class of pubiic officers, or by abolisl ing all laws and having these matters, as far as posible, open to individual competition. ALDAXY DUDLEY OBSERVATORY. The shamcful course pursued by those having charge of the Observatory fund, as well as the scientific corps at- tached to that institution, has disgusted the people in an unmeasured degree. The quarrel and strife between a majority of the trustees and professors as to which shall have exclusive control of the establishment, has been car- ried to such an unprecedented length, and arisen to such a pitch that it becomes indispensable for legislative inter- ference. Nine-tenths of the donors will petition for an essential modification of the law under which the present Board of Trustees was establiched. The great display in inaugurating the Observatory—the large amounts of money contributed, exceeding anything ever known in this country for a similar project—the interest manifested by the leading astronomers in the country, all combined to induce the belief that the Dudley Observatory was based upon a foundation more substantial than any {stitution of the nature in the United tes. Batthe hopes of the scientific and astronomical genius of the nation have been disappointed, and it is very doubtful whether anything which the Legislature may attempt to accomplish will restore the credit and standing of the Observatory where it was before tho personal quarrel of the professors and trustees. ‘THE LEGAL ADVERTISING. ‘Ten or twelve years since Croswell and Van Dyck, two notorious democratic politicians, partners in the publication of a newspaper, entered into a controversy with respect to the public printing and legal advertising, which resulted in a diesolution of their partnership and the dyruption of the democratic party, which remains to this day in a dis jointed condition, A few years since Thurlow Weed ob- tained the passage of a law authorising the then state officers to contract for the legal advertising. liis friends being such officers, as a matter of course, gave the job to him for the term of four years. That térm expired last May, when the prosent State officers, being democrats, gaye the advertising, under the law as they understood it, toa payor Of their own political creed. Mr. Weed imme: irming that the advertising could not be taken from his paper whilst the law was in existence. The matter was thrown into court. 1 meantime persons baving usiness matters on hand demanded insertion fn tio “ State rt beca m: Darrassed, because the proprietors of both the Albany Journal and the Aflas and Argus claiined to be the legiti- mate advertising agents for the people of the State. Some sent their notices to ene paper, some to the other, and % fearing litigation, ordered the publication of logal not ces i» both papers. Recently the Supreme Court decided in fay or of Weed, there!» sustaining his claim to this kind of public patronage so long as the law remains unrepeaicd. The proprietors of the Atlas and Argus have carried tine case up to the Court of Appeals, and continue the publication all legal notices directed to them. two State instead of one during the Inst eight months, an¢ resuli wiil be thatall auch notices as appeared in the poper which the Court of Appeals shall declare to be the !ocus one, will consequently be illegal, and the public be 0 ..de to suffer in heavy sums on account of a law go filled with ambiguity that it will bear haif a dozen different constructions. In view of this state of affairs, the Togislature should interpose and make plain sailing. No doubt the law will be altered so as to take (he notices from the Alas and Argus @iould the Court of Ap- peals decide ia favor of that paper. The United States Supreme Court. ‘Wamixaton, Dec. 29, 1858. No. 17. The claimants and owners of the steamer Loui siana vs. Isaac Fisher et al. Appeal from the District Court of Maryland. Justice Campbell delivered the opiuion of the Court, affirming the decree of said Court with costs and interest, No. 2. Penjamin Ford vs. John §. and Herman Wil- Hiams. Error to the District Court of Maryland. Justice Grier delivered the opinion of the Court, reversing the judgment sod remanding the cause, with dirvctions to award venire facios ve novo. No. 19. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, vs. \il- liam Ravene!. Error to the Circuit Court for the Kastern District of Penyeyivania, Justice Nelson delivered the opinion of the Curt, affirming the judgment of said Court with costa, No. 7. Jomes Kelsey vs. Robert Vorsyth, Error to the Circuit Court for the Northera District of Iilinois, Chief Justice Taney delivered the opinion of the Court, afflem- tng the Judgment, with costs. No. 108, December term of 1857, Edmund Rice vs. The Minnesota and Northeru (tailroad Company, Chief Justie Taney delivered the opinion of the Coart, overruling the motion to reinstate the cause. No. 36. McKinley, Garnoch & Co, vs. William Morrish, @laimant of the ship Pons Aelii, Ohief Justioe Taney de livered the opinion of the Court, overruling the motion to dismiss for irregularities, No. 82. The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company vs. Philip Quigley, Argument com- menced for the plaintiffs aud continued for the defendants, Dec. 29, 1868, No, 6. The Covi Deawbridge Company etal. va, Alexander 1, Shep! et al. Appeal from tho Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Indiana, Justice Catron delivered the opinion of the Court, affirm ing the deoreo of said court, with costs, ‘0, 22, The Philadephia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rutilroad Company va. Philip Quigley. Argument for de- fondant continued, and concluded for plainuil. oe. 6, 80, 1858. No, 33.—James Gray ve. the owners of tha ship John Fraser and steamer General Clinch. Argument com enced for the appellants, and continued for the steamer neral Clinch. Deo. 31, 1858, No, 200. F. B. Ward vs, Paul Babcock et al. ‘On mo- tion Gor plant, the jadgrient entered on the 14th inat., docketting and dismisein; (19 case, was reacinded and an- the centre and | politan police | So there has been | ey et ee oua- y with the rules: Court, ’ Ww. et al. vs. Charles A. Bulkley et al Error to Court for the Eastern Distriet of Tennessee. On motion of defendants, cause docketted and dismiased with costs. ‘The owners of the brig James Gray vs. the owners of the ship John Fraser and steamer Genord Argument continued for General Clinch and Joba Fraser, and concluded for the appellants, ‘Adjourned to Monday. Mr. Buchanan's Messgge in Cuba. REPLY 10 THK /PRESIDENT'S "SAP AN WILL NEVER GIVH UP THE ISLAND. [Translated from Fl Diario dota Marina, of Havana, Dee. 25, for the New York Horaid.] | it was unable tosustain the test of common sense; for oom- ides of the vie his country, since there is no hey to sufler tose outrages which Mr. ihe Spanla,functlouaiea, who, at the orders of te oy jonard 10, ie orders: tain General of Cuba, insulted’ the br a part fusing paying his debts; for such is precisely the position of Mr. Buchanan when summing. up dollars and cents, to which the damages, he says, amount, which have been caused to American citizens Py the re-establishment of owr tarils in 1844, forgetting the Spaniards iwo years farther back in consequence of the tariff of 1842 having been carried out in some of tho Union the day after its having been approved by: Congress. Common sense rejects the idea of grievances being supposed and dwelt upon when fortitude demands to vss that Rogwithstanding the proverbial moderation With which Spanish #ibjects establish their claims to re paration, and with which their government supports them when there are stilt, after twenty yeara, to be indemnified, | the victims of that great iniquity committed }, on | the owners of the Spanish schooner Amistad, wha-were | deprived of their property at the time when the pirates who, by means of riot, assassination aud plunder, had taken hold of her, were left free and unpunished, Is the rest of the message to offer groater resistance? ‘The Secretary of State under Mr. Poik in 1846, the Ambas- sador of the United States in London in 1862, the former representative and Senator of Pennsylvania, falls into such orrors, disregards to such a degreo right and history, and sacrifices fact apd truth in such « manuer that, wi with others would be reputed a8 an evidence of shameful ignorance, can, in the President of the United States, be attributed only to voluntary error. Mr. Buchanan, with strange seif-assurance, affirms that the backwardness of the Spanish government in the United States proceeds from an obstacle easily to be removed, the givivg power to the Cuptain-General of Cuba for treating with an independent sovercign authority inter- nutional questions. Mr. Buchanan he:c disregards reason; for as those questions may involve general interests, and above al! nationa! honor and dignity, it would be absurd to delegate that power without ulterior revision. Mr. Buchanan disregards established right, as it is recognized and practiced by all nations without exception; for this ie ene of the principal poiuts wherein the founders of the fe- deration over which Mr, Buchanan presides, inexorably limited the attributes of the federal sovereign States; he disregardz history, for there is not a single caso in tae im ternational relations of any time or country when such » pretension, subverting every doctrine, every adwmilted Practice, every pational sentiment, bas been admitted or even attempted to be aidmiiled. Oaly a short time ago Mr, Buchanan was ambassador of } the United States, charged by Mr. Pierce, in London, with the discussing of the fishery questions in Canada and Nova Scotia with the ministers of the sovereign of those pro- vinces, which lic contiguous to the American Union. It is not long ago that the government and the entire press of the Union rushed in upon the Governor of South Caro- lina for having replied to anagent of England concerning a question resuscitated on that occasion, viz., the imprisom- ment of several British subjects. Did Mr. Buchanaa for- get facts less than reason and establiahed right? But wherefore, and to what purpose would Mr. Be- chanan pretend that Spain should give up the very consti- tution of the monarchy, by transferring to the Governor of Cuba the peculiar and exclusive attributes of the me- narch? It is interesting to observe to what degree, in the ‘very reagons he alleges, he contradicts himself. “Cuba ie almost in sight of our coasts,” says Mr Buchanan; “our commerce with it is greater than that of any nation— Spain herself not excepted—anud our citizens entertain with all parts of the island extended and daily relations.” ‘Then, if such is the situation, if such are the advantages derived by the United States from our island, whence come and now operate those obstacles which are opposed to the and Te, ao “coi Ym id e Amorioaa commerce in Cuba is considerable; for Spain, far from throwing tm the way bad obstacles, opened to it her ports with liberal fever and kept them open notwithstanding the acts ot navi island, daily and extended relations; for tho Spanish vernment, far from baving opposed obstacles to thelr establishment, did not even insist upon the scrupulous observance of the law that demands naturalization tar whosoever is to possess and to transmit to his heirs landed property, whilst in the American Union had, im the mos? inoxorable manner applied to them the law snies to foreign subjects that faculty without hav- renounced their own nationality. The commerce and tho interests of American citizens have prospered and are still prospering in Cuba, because the panigh government and its authorities in the island always extended to them a protection and distinctions such ag ey pee met pe IA rd country. Are we to be asked for any but those alleged by Mr. Buchanan himself? ze z, If we are permitted to have recourse to the official archives we should there find almost daily proof of that protection and of those preferences; we see there how the consuls of the United States in our piace address themselves at cvery moment to our authorities in order to thank them for the favor conferred on this or that American citizen, & a. year has elapsed since the Chamber of Commerce of New Orleans expressed their acknowledgements to our Govorpor and Captain General “for the protection he had accorded to their rights and interests;” for, said they, “for want of a treaty or other obligation, that protection could only have been suggested ra his inborn sentiment of justice, the noblest attribute of a Governor, and his greatest. title to'the confidence and respect.” This was the language heid by the Chamber of Commerce of New Orleans to our supreme authority, the very «tne authority under whose rule Mr. Buchanan'had the courage to assort that “Cuba, in its wetual colonial state was a permanent source of pre- judice and vexation to the American peopic,” aftor having previously etated that ‘the American commerce with ft was greater than that of any other nation, Spain herfelf not excepted.” Bat what wonder that Mr. Buchanan and the hoaorable members of the Chamber of Commerce of New Orleans are so widely ifering im their sentiments and opinions? ‘The latter speak the language of gratitude for re ceived benefits; they did not aspire to gain the favor of the multitude to which he renders bomage who, at all hazards, wishes to preserve himself in such w high’ post as that occupied by Mr. Buchanan, should he, to make himeelf popular, be obliged to upsct ail mora! prin- ciples and every seutiinent of justice, Neither was the I’resideut of the Union satisfied with eking, in the extension ot the commercial relations of his zens in Cuba the proof that our isiaud is for his permavent source of prejudice aud vexations.’? Mr. Bucbanan supposes that our island is the on'y point im the civilized world where the Afric: slave trade is tolerated, and thence he is to conclude that we are re- sponsible for the differences which the Union had to settle with England, at the same time that ‘we render it impos- sible that civilization and religion can ever penetrate into the abodes of the petty kings of unhappy Africa.” The heart of Mr. Buchanan is distracted by the grief over the sad destiny of those unfortunate Africans; but in the meantime, and under his administration, is going on with ferocious energy the extermination of the Indian tribes, the agents of the federal Union speak with the nuating, clviuizing and religions voice of tho rifle f But what would Mr. Hochanan, what woald the Ameri- can people answer if, taking up the mattor of trade, we told them : No, the slave trade owe: istence pot to us, but to you, and exists for your sake, Itis in yoursbip yards that the slavers aro built; from Your ports they start tor thosg of Africa; your flag pro- {ects them; it is you who come to disturb us; itis you who are the catise of England, molesting us; you alone en- courage and maintain the’ slave trade by denying every flag the right to search your ships, and by raising com- plaints and grievances because Spanish ships, within and in virtue of their right, wanted within the waters of our coasts and their jurisdiction to search those barks which, prote by the American flag, had the appearance slavers or pirates. His not we, but you, who tolorate the slave trade in Texas you are the traders: in elaves; yon spoil “the ization ‘1 unhappy Africa. What would Mr. -whattie American Jentt people say, if we thus replied to the Pr Rut to what end continue? In September, 1854, our goverument proposed to that of the United States the es- tablishment of a commission of arbitrators which, |)ce that established in the previous year by aconvention be tween them and England, was to settle all ponding ques- tions. The government of Mr, Pierce refused to accede | to that proposition. Why? Mr. Soule was present in the tribune of the Constituent Cortes \n Madrid when, in December of the same year (1584) Sr. Luztriaga pronounced that Spanish sentence, that “Po gie up Cuba would be tantamount to giving up. national boner.” Mr. Soule later gaye his government ‘an arcount of the applause with which the tribunes re- ceived thore words of our State Minister, and of ‘fthe spontareour and unanimous sanction of the Chamber,? and added — “Thus, in a single sitting that eve body, the Cortes, Aizpoved of the hope with which the United States mi still flatter themselves to eee thelr difficulties with that country broaght to a peacetul and amicable wljustment by meas of the cession of thn! is and.”” What other cine do we vec! toceplain the condact of the President in his moveage bat (hat supplied by the language of his companion at Ostend? There is nO reason, 40 ¢glt, no history compatible with thoge who sacrifice ailto c echome, Diseussion is useless. To such moe there i but one anew or—that given to- day by Caba--the answer that will, within a short time, “he given by the Cortes themselves. Nevor, never wi Spel give up Cubs, for ale never will give up her honor. mor i« to de allvnd everything; for we have not for gotten (he trae God to bend our forehead before the golden © nur tight." swnoar DISASTERS ON THE Weerrrn Rivers. ‘The foil wing #0 recapituiation of the steamboat disasters and ve of lives lost on the Western rivors during the year 1S58:— Steamboats sunt, . Stearmbonts burned... Steamboat explosions. * Ratimated number of lives lost by these disasters, Estimated aggregate value of property lost by the #AMO.s.6 6 seseereesees +++ $1,924,000 An average to cach boat of about ‘nie