The New York Herald Newspaper, August 9, 1858, Page 2

AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. Financial Matters in England —The Gua Boat Squadron off Cuba—asll Sorts of News in Brief. ization of the Britteh Gunbeat Squad- ten off Cubs—tiow Lind Palmerstua Seisct ¢@ whe Grou: da os Operations. TO THR BDITOK OF TBE LONDON TIMES, Srm—Now that the difficulties between the gov- ernments of this couu' and the United States, arising out of the proceedings of some of our crais- | ers, bave been removed, and while the course to be beresfter pursued by our government is under con- | siders tion, we feel that it is but just to those who, in concert with us, advocated the o1 tion of the squadron that the views laid before the late government relative to the proper craising ground shovid be more generally made known, as well in justification of the course we havé hitherto adopted ‘as to assist in the formation of a sound conclusioa as to the future. ‘Trusting that Fad will kindly supply the usual channe! for a world wide publication, we submit tne followmg condensed statement. It is understood that there are only four gunboats stationed off the coast of Cuba, and that they have principally been cruising off the port of Havana— the northwest end of the island. No less than three vessels fitted in Havana for the slave trade bave been captured within a few weeks of one another through the agency of the Siatoss, but no slaves have been rescued by those crufsers. Only one vessel having slaves on board has been cap- tured, that being the prize made by the boats of the brig Arab, while many thousands of slaves have been landed. For every vessel fitted ont for the slave trade in Havana, five or six are fitted in ports in the United States. Taking the captures as some criterion of the briskness of the trade, a rough estimate may be formed as to the number of arrivals on the coast of Cuba The late difficulty with the government of the United States arose chiefly, if not solely, from our cruisers being stationed in the highway of the rega- lar traders, and the fact that there is now little or no distinction in build between the slaver and the regu- lar trader— many of the merchaut vessels being clip- v built—tends to increase the chances of mistake in judgment. In the documents submitted to Lord Palmerston and Sir Charles Wood by the deputation which urged the formation of the squadron, care was taken to designate from the experience of men well acquaint- ed with the locality those points along the coast where the cruisers could most effectually be sta- tioned, as contained in the following extract: — A giavce at 2 wap of ibe isiand of Oubs will enable the inquirer to judge of the command orer the entire available range of coast which would be securet by vessels of the class desigoated etetioved at the following points, viz. OD tbe south Cosst, towarce the east end, off Cam deriand barbor; further weat, off Cape de Cruz; Boca Grande, Tending through Cagos «Je jaa Doce Leguas, aod ths Gulf of Jagom; on the north side, off Bacxos chanpel aod Babia Hepes Oumberisvd babor 1 opposite the barbor of Port Aptonw, end Cape de Crez opoosite the berbor of Luci, beth on the north tice of Jamaica, which ports woule make ccavenient depots. The following statement, as expressing the opi- niona of Capt. Hancock, R. N. (an officer thoroughly scqpeieed with the coast of Cuba), was also hauded to Lord Palmerston :— At tbe commencement the priacipal numor of cruisers edould be stauoved cf the cast end of Cubs, eo asto form 2 cordon between Crooked Irland Passege gad the porth- €ast end of Jamaica, covering the whole eastera waters Of Cuda. These veeseis would at first totercept cearly all the siavere approacding, as most pow run alocg the north mide of at. Dommgo, pasatog the east ond of aba Bat Bs, a'ter afew Captures, olber passages would be resorted to, t would be necessary to keep Cruisers on other points-— Viz, Cp the south sie of the teianud, from Cumberiand barbor to Trinidad, fron Tripidi ing entrances tv the Gait of Jagua, Mow, and the Coys to westward of tne ii the vorth aide from Capa aptoat» to Havana, watching the evtrance to Babis cata; and from Havana to Vid Barew:s chance There the proper cruising ground was clearly pointed out tothe government, but the facts, as made public, relating to the late (s0-culled) out- rages scow thet the force, besides being inadequate for the duty, bus also been improperly stationed, and to this error is mainly to be attribated the late “ difficulty.” Instead of recalling the squadron, it is urged that the cruisers should be stationed in the track of slavers, where regular traders are rarely to be found. It is not that the people of the United States pro- test against our capture of slavers, their owa govern- ment being under obligation to aii in that work; but against our interference with their legitimate commnates in @ manner at once iojudicious aad fruit- tesa. We ought not, therefore, as a nation to sacrifice cur principles and abandon a carefully digested plac for the repression of the slave trade merely in con sequence of a temporary excitement, tue result of mismanagement, which might so easily have been avoided. Jxo. W. Carsk Wa. Writys Mackkson. Leonasp Rows V c It cannot be asserted of the young Americ as it has been reported of the gilded bird d under the bowsprit of the Niagara, that it hus lately lost its wing. Ye know upon the best intormativoa that the real bird has not bada siagle pectoral feather roftied by the recent hurricaue; that 1ts pinions are in saperb muscolar condition, aad ready at any moment to faa the air aud sbsorb the sun in their onward flight of annexation and conqnest, As far as we are aware there is no description of sub. lunary bird which is able to approach withia rauge of the American eagre. On its own promontory aud within its own republican circle it is incompar- able, omnipotent, withoat diapute the bighest or- nithological developement—in fact, it own peau ideal of a bird, Al! that has neen fabled of the size of the roc or the vitality of the phonnix, or that is known of the sleepless wing of the albatross, or that enerally understood respecting the habits ot ‘he wr the peacock, if multiplied by all the figures of » and increwed by an infinite series of ey id never represent to the understanding that quantity of peculiar power which the American eagle, for the weal or the woe of world, is able to se- crete in its larynx. There is no extant bird at oli like it. Of course, it is raptorial and hot blooded bird; bot, unlike birds of that order, remarkably restless and demonstrative It is endowed with wouder/ul organs of vision, has a wonderful instiuet after every kind of prey, and a structure exyuisitely adapted for avy kind of motion. Upona rough sarmise, it would be unsafe to predict the actaal area of sky avd earth which this vietorious bird in its fullest expausion is likely to cover, orfrom what height in the emoyreaa it can desery and swoop down upon any casaal quarry. Bat if wishes are olways fathers of thoughts, and words are invariably to 4 considered sijcos of ideas, it may be asserted that, compared with the eagle of the United States, Roman and Russian eagles were undoubtedly birds of feebie wing, fowls of moat puny and ridiculous grasp. Perhaps to the wondering world beneath the American eazie, when it rises from ite ledge, throws back its neck on the wiod, and utters its wild independent note over every sea and land, may appear to be “nothing but fuss and fea- thers; but the initisted and the wise know better They know it ix an astonishing fact, whose cout taal and its cireumference nowhere. Every coun- try at present, it would appear, is ling tu the American eagie, a4 the apples and | in the Ger man fairy tale are remorted to hi a erying out, “Come and © and Americanize me.” Fol lowing its henev« nt lustinets, the American eagle cannot rest as“men eat, and drink, and toil, and know” nothing of its independe: As invoiced at the eagle ia wanted every abere. Every deep it, as the poet laureate says, with many auans for voices. Africa to bear the declaration of indepea dence ¢ wauts Americanizing— Mexico, Aus- tralia and Central America are rival cand:dates for an American Protectorate. There is a large demand for Americanism in Caoada, in Chiua, in the Medi terravean, in the Pereiau Galf, and in a great many desolate islands, and generally throughout the In- dian Ocean. “The conqnering princi; of the immediately tn 5 ty republic are want it is impossible to have a etron; popelar policy without them. British ad tion, our representative aystem, modes « the whole ciyil service, the courts of law, p schools and nniversities, want thoroughly A canizing. “The conquering principles” of pendence onght to ‘he carried oat more nerally in cur dress and taste, in owe speech and mannets. We ought to bave clioper govera- ments, clipper railways, clipper banks, clipper schoois, clipper children and clipper churches. Once for ail, we ought to divest ourselves of any old- fashioned monarchical or evclesiastieal attachment ; we ought®o put away the idole eperus —to beco enlightened in oor opinions—to talk sensibly about filibusterism and slavery, aud in short nobly to tread the quick march ct pro . our feet beating time, and our hearts swelling high, to the masic of Bankiun and Yankee Doodle. Bebind the ber of the | Tavern, where the American eagle was impr for a whole evening, as far o ' out from the rather confised rep and soored, and relieved kis sou the above-ment: d effect inapiring, for it was the Fourth i from the earth after an excellent ding that day Young America is always in ap “takes up fixine” in regions of oratorical nebula and | among groupe of undiscovered stars Th everywhere excred to transcendental liverty and vy perdole. The wise make no sign, leaving it to the tanwise to do the proper amount of clatter. On the eighty second anniversary of thin day, which was celebrated by 126 American geatiemen ond a Gr pros vu! the gate who had erected the Landon Tavern, the American | ‘American Miniter who | courteous, their language pec’ | unusual, and their eoracumteie \* ‘was no longer 50. | ease everywhere. ‘They had planted their | independent flag over every marketable | throughout the world. Irregular though | they had “‘coryered” all Teste ee | fo'conquer” On. behalf of the’ were, Their | ended.” ting with delight, the tidings gered at as the chairman said, 80 Creditatle to British “candor and fair dealing.” | aaa annohiee , the a anid not! upon sul should hang | national thorality on his sleeve Tor Britishers to k at? The flag of the United States would henceforth peceee any chevalier of the seas in his free and in- | dependent trade When the minister had concluded | his speech a young American gentleman rose and | put a commercial girdle round the earth in a very lew seconds, showing clearly that America must, for her own interest, occupy a deal of territory which she does not at present occupy, and Feoving as we have also. though not so sat! wished, that Eogland flourished chiefly by means of capital. Afver applauding these impor tant political and arithmetical statements, the as sembly. rsed to consider them calmly in detail, and the public will doubtless do so, and estimate them at their proper market value. Finarciel Prospects of England—Is the Anglo- Frex.ch abtance Sincere, m the London Times (City Article), July 15 } The long-continued activity in all descriptions of securities excites little public remark, yet every one is thinking of it. The prospects of the money mar- ket constitute, in fact,a forbidden topic, because they rest entirely upon poiats involving political sus- ceptibilities. Is anything to be got by this silence ? If we are ashamed of our anxieties and feel that we have reason to be so, the sooner we extingaish them by bringing them out to open ridicule the better. If, on the contrary, we consider ourselves entitled to en- tertain them, we shall put ourselves in a more respec- able position with the world by a simple avowal to that effect than by mean pretences of unconcern—pre- tencesas transparent to every foreign nation as to our- selves, and calculated to weaken respect at the very moment when it is most desirable respect should be inspired. Is it the case that the universal dull- ness and distrust are attributable to offensive pre- reo on the partof France; or can it be shown, the first place, that France is not making any ex- traordinary preparations; and, in the next, thi on if she were, they might be viewed with the convic- tion thatewhatever their purport, they could not have 4 on the relations of the two countries? That the present state not only of the stock and share market, but of general trade, is seriously influenced by misgivings as to the course of the French govern ment will, it may be presumed, be denied by no one. The other question, whether any extraordinary pre- parations calculated to excite such misgivings have been actually made, is still open. According to the positive and deliberate statement of Mr. Disraeli, on behalf of the | British government, there has been nothing of the | kind. That statement should really settle tne affair, | becanse it is impossiole for movements of this de scription to be in progress without the government receiving some information. Bat, unhappily, it had no effect on the Paris Bourse, where prises almost daily droop, although the Bank of France has the largest stock of bullion ever known; and it is also observed that the acts of the cabivet do not pre- cisely harmonize with their words, since they admit the extreme importance of attending to our national defences. They tell the people that they may sleep as in an age of peace, and yet that they may as well put a revolver under their piliow. Of course the national defences should always be attended to, but as it is scarcely a year since nothing but the firmness of Lord Pai- merston prevented the only ships available for 4 Channel fleet being deonded of their guns and sent as transports to Caleutta, some strange alteration mast have occurred if it is now necessary, even with these ships available, to exercise especial vigilance. At that time the constitation of the Danubiaa Prin- cipalities, and a variety of other questions, remaiaed unsettled. Now, there is not a European dispute of any kind open. Meanwhile, our relations with France, which were then stated to be only cordial, have since, according to Mr. Disraeli, become ‘‘confi- dential.” How are these things to be reconciled ? Insincerity must be lurking somewhere! Either the armaments ot France must have undergone a more than ordinary increase, or the recent statement: of the Mini ‘as to their sense of what was requisite for the national defences must have been made mere- ly for the sake of pandering to the alarmists. Until e contradictions shall bave been explained, the eolemn averment of Mr. Disraeli, that the supposed cause of apprehension has no existence, cannot be received with the conclusive force that should al- ways attach to government assurances, government view as tothe entire absence of danger, without adopting the government reasons. re! admit that France has been making extraordinary preparations, bat merely as a consequence of our meddling policy in, the Mediterranean and else- where. France, it i8 said, sees that in that region all counsels to be effective must be backed bya naval force. Let us leave Turkey to her natural fate and we shall hear uo more of any overwhe!ming display of this kind. Whether it is any consolation to be told that these armaments are simply to ena- ble France to settle every European question acourd- ing to her own pleasure, and that so long as they are eflective for that purpose we need personally exter- tain no disquietude, is a subject on which, verbaps, there will be differeaces of opinion. Hitherto, with the Stock Exchange this theory does not seem to have had much effect. Another ‘arge section of society are verfectly wutisfied ia their insular conceit that Great Britain 4 upassailavie in any geartess and another, consisting especially of the admirers of the Credit Mobilier and all Kindred institutions, are equally fortified by the conviction that the thought of war was pever less entertained than at the present moment, and that the world are aboat to witness & fact never yet presented in history of a pre- dominant army and navy voluntarily upholding the Boorse above the camp. Sali, fooking at each of these views in turn, there is nothing like a feeling of reliance to be obtained hy the commer- cial community out of any one of them. it is no comfort to capitalists to be told that the European sky is more serene than at any former moment if they are to find from the estimates that this pacific etate is to be accompanied by an expenditere equal to that of approaching war. Neither does it seem quite satisfactory to accept the commendation to leave Europe to herself, and rely that we shall then, however small may be oar force, experience nothing bat friendliness. Again, p with goods in warehouses, and Ane*ralian gold and China silk npon the seas, find difficulty in resting upon the alternstive doctrive of our imprezna- bility; and, finally, the woutd-he invester in stocks or ‘hares experiences equal hesitation when he looks at the quotations of the Rentes, in relying pon the promise that no policy will ever be adopted in France but sach as shall be consistent with the interests of the ‘The public want to know if this condi of un- , certainty is to go on forever. In France — analogous causes of disquietude could be dealt wit! into prison; but as in this country men may assert whatever they please, provided it involve no outrage on public morality, there is no way of counteracting gach uneagness except by logical means. Tf penple choose to invent stories of wondeFful works and fortifications at Cherbourg, Toulon, Marseilles, and elsewhere, of 5,000 additional mew being suddenly | employed at Brest, of angmentations of the Pacific fleet, and the doubling of the Newfoundland squadron, of Algiers having been made a second Sebastopol, of Civita Vecchia being strengthened, of sailing ships of all kinds being coaverted into steam- ers, of a large body of French officers being despaten- ed to Persia, and of others being taken into the ser- vice of the Prince ot Oude—the effect produced can- not be got rid of merely by Mr. Pisraeli teliing the merchants of England that the Preach Emperor is exceedingly glad that Mr. Disraeli, Lord Malmesbury aud Sir Bulwer Lytton have now the guidance of the destinies of England in place ot Lord Palmerston. Let the government boldly take the responsibility of backing their own statements of the probable reigu of peace by refasing to add a single ship to our defences, and one of two definite results will then happen. Fither their assurances will be accepted with joy by a confiding people, and we shall n devote our selves buoyantly to the march of enterprise; or they will forthwith be dismissed from oifice. If they re fuse to reduce or even to linit cur preoarations for defence, then let them abandon the hollow assur ances of security with which they have endeavored thus far to charm the country. No more tremeadous nsibility can be conceived than will fall iy them if it shonld ultimately orove that France has been making extraordinary preparations, and is pre- red to turn them either directly or ndirectly to the Injury of her al! They have lulied the nation with the belief that their terms with the Emperor are con fidential. They are therefore in a position to as- certain from bis Majesty not only whether he is preparing against an external danger, but | also, supposing much to be the case, the natare of that danger, and to offer oar jrood | Offices either as allies or arbitrators to remove it, Russia protests sho has no fear of peace beiug | disturbed unless it be by the Western Powers, that it is to guard ageinst this contingency @ she is concentrating troops in Poland. Austria is | *aid to be more desirous of reducing her army than at avy {mer period if she could dare such a step; Bat there 1» another party who support the | ree } by putting the cirenlators of nnpleasant reports | fod powers sleasplegeyn Amadioan theo that and Central America and ‘defy the United States is to be entertained, is there the slightest possibility of or naval Hence, if France Engiana The acenmalations of bullion in the banks of France and England, and of America also, have not unnaturally attracted much attention. On the 18th November the bullion in the Bank of England was mar £6 484,000; on the 30th of June it was £17,- 938,000. The bullion in the Bank of France on the 12th November was lesa than seven millions and a half; on the 8th of July it had risen to more than twenty millions—so that in round numbers the bul- lion reserves of the two banks have increased about twenty-four millions in a few months, and at the end of the period are neayly three times as large as they were at the beginning of it. This entation of treasure bas not been obtained by di bing the stock of gold held on the other side of the Atlantic. The returns of the New York banks, which are by far the most important, show that there is a great accumulation of fe ated there also. On the 26th of September cash in hand in the New York banks was only $14,321,000; it is by the last return $33,367,000. that the causes, whatever are, which have produced this accumulation, must in operation in America as well as in Europe, and any explanation must be ap- plicable to one country as as to the other. Some persons im: bank 1eserves in November last panic, and account for the magniti accumulations by ascribing it tothe which prevails now. Bata the facts will show that this ex The reserves in the of land and France were no doubt in some measure diminished by the distrust and anxiety which prevailed during the crisis, and previous to the suspension of cash pay- ments the same must have been the case with the New York banks. But the returos of the months prior to the panic during which there was_no alarm and when there wasa much more diffused spirit of mercantile credit and confidence than there is now, prove that the remarkable contrast betweea the bank reserves of this year and last is not to be so accounted for. On the 4th of July, 1857, the bullion in the Bank of England was £10,866 ,000; and within a few days of the same time that in the Bank of France was also about ten millions; so that there is a very remarkable change in the course of a year without any reference to the panic of the autumn. Indeed those who have accurately followed the phe nomena of crisis will be aware that the hoardin; caused by distrust, the increase of country bankers reserves, and other consequences of suddea alarm— though sometimes very important from the inoppor- tune moments at which they occur—-do not affect amounts of money so large a3 twenty millions ster- ling. Their effects are far elighter, aud probably have scarcely ever amounted to a quarter of the sui. The real explanation, we believe, mast be looked for in the contrasted commercial character of the two periods under consiteration. Last year | at this time, as well as for a long period betore, trade was brisk, merchants busy, exports and imports increasing, transactions numerous. At present the reverse every quarter we hear complaints of ‘slackness, i ivity, and deficiency ” The regular consumption of the coan- try goes on, and it is very striking to observe how very regular it is, and how little affected by these commercial contrasts and transitions. Still, ou the whole, the transactions of this year, the number of purchases and gules, the number of laborers employ ed, are all moch less than they were # year ago; aad whereas last year the great marts of trade were in- stinct with life and energy, ut present there is much languor and depression. The effect of this contrast upon a currency consti tuted like ours is curious. ‘The great transactions of which we have been speaking ure not effected by means of coin or notes or anything which would or- dinarily be called “money” at all. Checks are given by the person who bas to pay; the persoa who is paid passes it his credit at his banker's. If the check should be drawn on that banker aiso, the whole bargain is cettled bya transfer in his ledger from the account of the payer to that of the payee. If the | check is drawn upon another bankezs, the transac. tion bec an item in the “ banker's exchange and is settled ultimately at the Clearing House, vy a | simple transfer in the books of the Bank of Rugland. | ‘the wholesale cotrenny of the country consists of these bovk credits; at least it is by the aid of these | that almost all large transactions are effected. Ina | brisk state of trade, such as prevailed lust year, a banker's day book is crowded with entries of checks to the credit and the debit; in sach a period as the present those entries are much fewer, the banker's clerk's are but little occupied, and the slackoess of trades shows itself 1n the inactivity of what we may call the paying innchine of society. j It would be a great mistake, however, t» suppose that the activity or inactivity of trade bas no effect, | or but a slight effect, on the metallic currency of | the world. Although the large and wholesute transactions are carried on through the credit me- | dium which we have described, the retail and smaller | transactions are, from the necessity of the case | settled in actual cash. In this wages are paid; the | small but enormonsly numerous purchases of the | working classes effected; the detail of business done. Active trade requires a great extension of curreacy of that description, cially after it has beene | active for some time. The non banking classes ar- proxperous, and require for their transactions and | for their savings au extension of currency, jost as | | the more opulent classes require it for theirs, We | | see something of this kind aunually. In every har- Vest, at least in many distri¢ n unusual queatity | of silver is required for agri gradually spent in petty purctiases by the laborers, | then lies for a longer or shorter time in the tills of | the petty shopkeepers, and from thence slowly re- | turns to the banks trom which it came. Che ac tivity of trade is for this pel fay a kind of pepetuai harvest, which has # teudency to reduce the ainvant | of coin jn the reserves of banks and to distribute it 5 in driblets throughout the nation. ‘This may at first sight seem a slight canse to as- rign for so jarge av effect. It is, at tiest sight, dif cult to believe that such large accumulations of money could be evnsequent on what seems, and what in each individual care reslly is,a very smal! mat- ter. Bot we must remember that the same cause iv in operation throughout the whole industrial world. The quiescence of trade which now exists, and the activity which existed last year, are not peculiar to this country, but extend to the continent of Luray to America end India, and to every nation in which pmmerce can be sald to exist. Toe demand, there fore, of cash for retail transactions, and for the noa- banking classes, ia so widely diffused —operates ins» many places, and most in the seats of the greatest ‘ormmercial opulence and activity—that it ia not dif. ficult to believe that the amount of money which it may absorb must Le reckoned by millions. From the nature of the case, very exact data can- not be procured as to the amount of cash that is flac tuating in the market and in the hands of the non- pking claswes. But, perhaps, the activity or inac- of the mints of the great central commercial is one of the most likely ind cations of the voriations of that amount. Moch will be maunfac- tured when much is wanted: and litt'e when little is The rared activity of the mints, both of the present r confidence ttle reference to patie is erroneous, juring the recent activity From the exceptional state of y ita returns are scarcely to the uo which is changing its currency Rat this was not the case zlish mint the coinage was, in 1835, £54760; 1857, £5,298, S58. At present the mint, we believe, has scarcely anything to do. And if we consider how strong an waication this affords of a very great diminution in the general demand for retail cash, and of the large sume of money which thet demand may affect, we thall cease to wonder that we have iu our banks large aceuraulations of unemployed specie. Mirce)inneou: Foreign Items, The Jondon Vetes of the 7th of July remarks :— It is a gratifying and suegestive fact that the gimnt young republic keeps her birthday in the very heart of the old movarchy. The declaration of the inde- pendence of the United States is celebrated in the metropolis of the United Kingdom. Mr. Dallas, the | able and accotplished American Minister, comma: | nicated, amid the hearty and prolonged cheers of bis auditors, the welcome intelligence —“ That vist tation and search, aa far as regards American vessels on the bigh seae in tine of peace, is frankly and finally ended” ‘ibis is aa it should be. The British government could not with any regard to pradence insist on the maintenance of a fancied right whose actnal exercise was tantamount to a declaration of war: British statesmen coud not assume the valility of # claim which one of the most eminent and joa- lousy national of British jndges had long since de cisively condemned #8 utterly untenable. Lhe London Times, of July 7, says:—As for the ulterior designs avowed by those who followed Mr. Datlas at Monday's festivity, they do not rest on the candor of this or that convivial orator. We know well enongh what Young America wants, and we know also that where there is a will there is a way. The present object of our admiration is the newiy achieved triumph of American independence, and the inexhaustible opportuaities and resources of thia wneqnalled child of fortune. With the greatest res. pect for Mr. Dallas, however, with the most brother. if affection for Young America ,and the most cordial wish for ber real improvement and legitimate pro- guees, we regret some omissions in this important declaration, as it svema to be considered. The description of Young America’s position and pros: NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 9, 1858. yo oe gat oe tical principles extend: — World. “Not 8 word of her duties and obligations. The London Star of the 8th of July observes:—Mr. Dallas’ words were that the right of “visit and search of American vessels,” ander the circumstances named, had been “frankly and finally ended.” Our doubt, which is indeed only slight, hangs on the use of the words “American v ” Construed strict- Hards the United Baten and Canes. pe ES a as the rest of the world. But surely Lord Derby, Lord Malmesbury, and Mr. Disraeli cannot have taken #0 one sided and a step as this. If the claim be a rightful one, it ought not to be at pect nat 1 aD wi submit and whom we do not venture to bully. The ¥ondon Shipping Gazette of the 13th of July, says:—It has been announced by the Under Secre- tary of Foreign Affairs. as a direct uence of the manner in which the British government has re- cently met the representations of the Cabinet of Washington ov the question of visit and search, that all danger arising from future verification of a has Sieaenenred. General Cass, in appears, has in- formed Lord Napier that instructions similar to those issued by his government for their own vessels on the coast of Africa, had been sent to those in campennnd of the American squadren on the coast ot Cuba. The London Times, of 28th of June, observes :— Altbough the possession of additional gold produc! colonies is comparatively woim) it to England, it is not desirable that the national honor should be engaged in any territorial dispute, and it is a matter of congratulation that the majority of the first body of adventurers [to Frazer river] consists of subjects of the Crown, not the less loyal for their temporary experience of American tutions. It is said that a large body of Cornish miners, the most valuable class of colonists, has already left San Francisco for the Vanconver gold fields,'and it seems not improba- ble that the oppressed population of the nt colored races will gradually seek in the same region a safe retreat from their uncongenial neighbors in California. - The London Post of 9th of July says:—The rail- road which at no distant day is destined to connect the Atlantic with the Pacific, will have one termi- nus near Fuca’s Straits, and, therefore, looking far beyond the immediate results which this gold fever {Frazer river] is certain to produce, the govern- ment, we say, bas acted with wisdom and fore- thought in having now constituted this most epee tant and valuable colony. Objection was last night taken tofthe proposed designation—New Caledonia. That name was given to the territory by the fur traders who, in 1806, established their waa a, near Frazer Lake. The original name given by Drake was that of New Albion. But why should it not be called the province of Oregon, the great river which flows at its southern boundary? The Manchester Guardian of 9th July says:— Even between the Red River settlement and the mountains the encroaching Americans have already shown a disposition to avail themselves of the dis- couraging effect which the mouopoly of the Hud scn’s Bay Company exercises ee intending emi- grants from British territor ‘ile our side of the boundary remains unpeopled the Americans are pnshing their way westward with untiring energy and perseverance. Is it to be supposed that they will show a less zealous and adventurous spirit when the rich prize offered by the new gold fields lies so close to the Oregon frontiers? Ifit be of the highest importarce to England, as a commercial country, to have the pre-eminence in the Pacific Ocean, our goevernmen: will do wisely at once to secure our ter- on this coast frou lawless invasion, by taking : their own protection. The London Shipping Gazette of 12th of July says: —If the American journals are to be credited, the new gold discoveries in these regions and British Oregon, on the northwestern shores of America, bid fair to prove a rival to the present gold fields in California. Tbe Americans can certainly have no motive in exaggerating the discoveries, or in send ing en ts and diggers nortuwards—their local interests necersarily leading them to attract rather than repel immigration. An inspection of a map of Northwest America will show that, in the strait dividing Vancouver's Island from the maia land, near Howe's Sound, below the Gulf of Georgia, a large river, termed Frazer river, falls into the strait. The mines about which there is the most excitement at present commence about fifteen miles above Fort Hope, on Frazer river, and continue to Big Falla and beyond—in all a distance of 340 miles from Vie- toria, in Vancouver's Islaud. ‘The London News of the 10th of July remarks:— Look to the immense extent of the country—in New Caledonia—to be covered by the protection of law and order—no lees than 200,000 square miles. Of food it contains little or none. | The sufferings of the Indian tribes fom want, starvation and climate, are un ralleled elsewhere. These tribes roam over it, dis- putty, fighting, robbing; at peace, no doubt, with tbe fur traders of the Hudson's Bay Company, from whose stations they have hitherto derived their sup- »lies; but fearing other European visiters, and baang and detesting the Americans, whoare sure to be the first arrivals. The London Times of 9th of July obeerves:— After thirty years the curtain rises again on the stormy period of the Ashburton treaty, when, the “patriots” were bent apon “ whipping the British- ers’ out of every acre of land on the western side of the Recky Mountains. And now for the third time we are recalled to the same territory, no longer as the goal of the adventurous trader or the battle ground of the political agitator, bat as a land of romire—a new El Dorado, to which men are rush- ing with all the avidity that the presence of the one thing which all men, in all times and ia all places, insatiably desire, is sure to create. The Londen Times of 10th of July says:—The pas- sage through Hudson's Bay by which the Macon wed conduct their trade is barely open for two months ia the year, is seldom free from ice, and involves at its tion a long voyage up a river inan open boat, xoof which must be repeatedly loaded and reloaded in order to pass over a large number of "The second route is up the 8; Law- a ich can only be traversed on foot by a painful route of upwards of 500 miles to the Red River set- tlement. The third route leads througu the United States by Chicago, St. 1, and the head- waters of the Mississippi, over a plain of 400 miles in extent, to the Red river, This is the only roate whieh is open for more than four months in the year, and this can scarcely be suid to be open to any but a very adventnrous and hardy traveller all the year round. In this remote sitnation, without the possi- bility of importing on any considerable scale, or ex porting anything bat lighs articles of great valae, such 98 fors, what inducement can exist to form a colony, and what possibility of sapporting it even it it were formed? The London Times of 15th of July observes: — We are very tar from despairing of the Atlantic cable, even though two of the three fra stares in this case ere not explained, and even though we e: re litthe from this Ya attempt. It is too evident, as we said at the first tidings of this failure, that the Agamemnon is not up to the work. and that the ex- periment cannot be said to have a fair trial till we employ a vessel really adapted for the work, such as the Great Kastern, for example. ‘The London News of 15th of July remarke:—It is quite clear that the Agamemnon was as atterly un- equal to her stupendous freight as the galliots and barks of our early discoverers to their hamole com- plements of men and stores. We cannot but call to mind that these tailareshave been predicted. Messrs. Longridge and Brooks read a very valuable pa- before the Institution of Civil Engineers, “ On bmerging Telegraphic Cables.” Mr. Longridge prefers the cable of Mr. Allen, which is but little heavier in the nea than the volume of water it dis places. The conducting material in the centre of the coil ie the strength of the cable; it has no ex ternal metallic coating. It is «trong enough for every jose (as is asserted), and so light that one sbip coaid carry the whole leagth of cable required to unite the two worlds, and thus all danger of a mid-ocean splice might be avoided. The London Post of the 16th of July says:— Would not a epirally-coiled wire condactor, sur- rounded with gutta-percha, accomplish all? As to the present cable, the inost hopeful teatare of the unsaccess appears to be this: the fracture was ac- complished about the time when measures were being taken to lay on a new coil. Here, then, isa sorrce of danger which may be greatly lessened. The London Herald of the 13th of July anys :— The continued and frequent interchange of courtesies ond friendly acta between the sovereigns of France and England cannot fail to give general sitisfaction. It #ffords the pablic on both sides of the channel just that kind of material guarantee which they require of the good understanding prevailing between the Iwo governments. The London Post, of 13th July, says:—We can not anticipate the meeting of oar beloved Queen and Napoleon IIl.,and of that beloved and respected lady who shares his throne, without recording the fact that never, from the day when the Bemperor and ee Fmpress were enthusiastically welcomed a of thie counter, have the two courts ceased to hold the most friendiy and constant intercourse. No political events have ever diminished that friendly inter course which origin os in the frankness of the heart. The London News, of 14th July, says:—We will do Napoleon Tf. the fon to think that if he really meditated hostilities to this country he would not have penned an nvitation to Windsor; at all events, if it had been jis ove to animate the passions of the French army and navy, aod hound them on against England, could he have possibly taken a step more manifestly fatal to such a purpose than by The London Times, of July 14, aays: between the two governments far create the least ill feeling on the Emperor of the French calls upon cause he bas com) @ work pleted ble him to invade us; to-morrow let us claim his eon: | gresclasone because we have itting state to resist the in \. far too friendly to wish that we should on sufferance, and will be much fined to Frei an all has achieved dence even of her tiend and brother in arms. bourg is only a practical joke, but we should be un- willing to alow our lively neighbor to ontdo us in facetiousness. When we have feted the complete- ness of his means of attack, it will be only & Bryne acknowledgment of his civility to call upon for bis congratulations on the adequacy of our means of defence. The London Times of the 16th of July says:—We re rather disposed to agree with those who connect the fanaticiem of Jiddah with the movements which are taking place all through the Mahomedan world. For five years the votaries of that faith have been subjected to every influence of fear, jealousy, indig- nation gnd hatred. They have seen their power threatened, their character, as they think, elander- ed, their inferiority to the Frank demonstrated, their ruin and extirpation predicted. In such events as these at Jiddah we may have the last effort of Is- Jamism to preserve its ascendancy. The London Times of the 16th of July remarks:— | ‘We must trust no more English troops in India to wastelul martinets, who, while they count almost too closely the men who die by lead or steel, take no tally of the wretches whom they sacrifice to their ignorance. England will not go on sending out 26,000 men a _ to be frittered away in India to no purpose. We want every one of these men at home. Everybody in India seems to imagine that we have nothing élse to do with them but to expend them, and that we ought to be only too happy to have such an opportunity. Two motions made by Lord Brougham, on Tuesday night, 6th of July, seem to have ane the atten- tion of the Parliamentary reporters. They were of importance, as bearing on the questions which have of late occupied so much of the public attention. The first was for returns of the number of immigrants from India and China who bave been introduced into the British East or West India colonies since 1835 ; with a statement of the mortality on the passage; the duration of the voyage ; of the number who have left ea: h colony to return home ; of those who have died there ; of those who have become chargeable ax paupers or otherwise on the colony ; how those that remain are employed; and a statement showing what proportion of the expenses on ration ac- count has been paid out of the funds of each colony, | and how much of the Imperial exchequer, The | second returns refers to the Colooy of Sierra Leone, and embraces a statement of the names of the various officers who have been employed in the | administration of the affairs of that colony since 1850; setting forth the annual amount of salary and ullowance in each case; also, whether any one indi- vidual holds more than one office, and if so, how many, and what is the amount of salary and allow- ances appertaining to each. Both these motions | ‘were acquiesced in. The London Post of 8th of July says:—The capabilities of Chinese emigrants in the West Indies have already been tested. Those of the better class are in every way adapted to the wants of the | janter. They are temperate and thrifty io their | pabits, and much more industrious than the African. The agriculture of the Chinese has been famous in | all ages, and their knowledge and love of their an- cient art they carry with them wherever they go. Those who have settled in the West Indies fre- quently excite the admiration of their mas- ters, and the envy of their sable fellow lavor ers by the skill and taste which they exhivit in cultivating the little gardens allotted to them. A correspondent of the London News, writing on 8th of July, says:—The unfortunate holders of Ceu- tral American bonds ia Europe have snbmitted w hardship with patience, 60 long as foreign war or in- ternal commotion checked the p: a4 Of these fer- tile regions; but now that a public highway is to be made through Nicaragua, and a communication ea- tablished which, while it will be of general utility 10 the world at large, must be of incalculable benefit to Central 4merica itself, I think the time has ar- rived when the defaulting States should be reminded | by our government that, before eutecing into new engugements with either France or the United States, an equitable arrangement must be made respecting the debts due to Great Britain for up- wards of thirty years. A London writer tothe London Times, dating | 80th of June, says:—With all respect to the “gentle- | man who represents Costa Rica aud Nicaragua in Paris,” there does not exist on the face of the earth a spot 80 unfavorable t> definite uoderstandings of any sort as the “metropolitan village” of Rivas; aad as M. Belly and the “Paris house whose agent be 8" areso generously resolved upon admitting the “Stephens Company”.and the rest of mankind to share into their great interoceanic enterpri-e, it is quite desirable that M. Belly should have the oppor- tunity of revising at Washington und at New York those arrangements which it would have heen quite impossible for him to rely upon if he bad returued directly from Rivas to Europe. The Emperor is, says the Paris Moniteur, seriously | engaged at present in the considerats of the highest interest to the inbubitants of of France—the delimitation of the woods belonging to the communes and those of the State. For the last twenty years the regularisation of this question has been in abeyance, but on the 88 Tecom- mendation of the Emperor, aad the active interven tion of the Minister of Finance, the atfar bas of late been arranged in many parts, M. Foroade, Director General of Paes. F now at Plombibres to coafer with his Majedty on this important question. A correspondent of the London News, writing from Rome, on 34 of Jaly, says:—The mortal fead between French aod Romau soidiers, which has k the city in agitation for the Jast fortuight, was ap parently brought to # conclusion on Weduesday, which, being the festival of St. Peter, was selected tor a day of peacemsking end rejoicing. A dianer was prepared at the Villa Cellini for tne non com missioned offivera of the various regimenta of the garrison, French and indigenous, between whom harmony was soon restored, and progressively streagtbened with every course. The Paris Presse publishes an article in favor of the liberty of the press, saying, is it right thatin the country where thought enjoys the greatest amount of freedom the preas shouid be subjected to an ex- tent that it cannot in the faintest represent the real state of public opinion? It hax been stated that the ay alates public opinion; this is true at times; it it vot merely agitate opinion, it also ister- prets it; moreover, ought the fear of agitation to suppress a calm and moderate manifestation of pab- lic opinion? Is this advantageous to the govern- ment? Do not publicity and discuasion constitate a far more vigilant and efficient police than that orga- nized by the State? Cannot a strong and enlighten- ed government draw valuable intormation even from the opposition offered to it? Is it right that every resistance should at once be attributed to interested or factions motives? The Paris Pays perseveres in ing any modi- fication of the @ policy; it toes wrieee a pont. less, the grandeur of the empire wonld nos be irre- concilable with liberty; bat when has liberty in France been connected with tranqnillity, or with anything lasting? Two crowns have heen lost Te it, and even the republic conld not exist with liberty conceived and practised by the re- volutionary spirit. Unhappily, Unis spirit is fir from subdued, and it recently manifested itself very vivi- bly,and in a manner which, if not testifying itv strength, proved at least its perseveraove. Che mo ment not come to rash into adventures to which, we believe, France greatly prefers the repose and security now enjoye:l. The Paris Univers thus explains the expediency of crampling up “ perfidions Albion: — ‘We are accused of being the onemica of England; yes, we ere undeniebly the foes of Protesiaat Bagiand, bs cause wo aro aware that Protestant Kogiand is foroedly the ally of the revolntion, forcediy the enemy of Frauce aud of ali pations, and naturally the greatest obstac o to the cenverrion of the heathen and to the civilizition of the world, But wo do not depy the excellent quaiities—notof the Fealiah character, which t# changing more and more—but of agreat number of Englishmen. It is by these qualitice that maintains her ‘snd power; but these ve ualitier repder her the more dangers the} ose devoted to evil objects We do not ot ve ibe Rogiand— which in, pecesany of depreciating the power of however, lees tban ia beiloved—and it is because phe in powerful thet we asexil her with energy. The world wii! ever recover substantial pesce until Kagland sball have rate Power. ‘No alliance ia posatble. nations of the earth , therefore, to come to an under- aionding, aod burl against ber the famous sentence of the Roman senatore—‘ est Carthago.”” ‘The Paris Seicle saya:—We treat the Arabs, not a+ England treats Ireland, but in the manner that rich and powerful men treat their poor and powerless brethren. The Paris are laughing at the silly born}net of a Gorman paper, the Augsburg Gazette, which appears to have somewhat. exaggerated notions of the power of “Vaderland,” asserting in a leading article that if Germany pleased she conld become a first rate maritime power; could drive the French beyond the Vi and the Rassiars beyond the Vistula, and “deliver” Alsace, Lorraine and the Bal- tie provinost) lastly, that she could dictate peave in Paris and St. Petersburg. devotes an article te the gateot the Thames and to the system of sewerage find 80 | ‘e know that Cher- | the Tripolitan coast, though are Gisguise it, is really fright! e victims to the is ov oplaeeaio tan vert Laks Ontario, August 4, 1858, On Boasp Srmamsair Bansuge, | Lake Ontario—Fresh and Salt Water Experi- | ences—A Bad Savor Everywhere—A Visit to the Toronto Parliament House—The French Cana- dians as Orators—The Voyoge Down the Lake— The Pursuit of Pleasure Under Diffizulties—A Gale on the Lake—The Thousand Islands—The Rapids, &c., §c. Leaving St. Catherines at half-past seven on Mon- day morning, I reached Lake Ontario in little better than half an hour, and embarked onboard the Wel- land,a small steamer which runs daily between Port ; Dalhousie and Toronto. On board were several i members of the Legislature, including the Hon. | Hamilton Merritt, the Hon. Mr. Mumcy and Mr. Dorion, brother to the newly appointed Commis- sioner of Crown Lands. They were all apparently under the influence of strong excitement, the recent ministerial complications and the uncertainty attending their settlement in a Legislature bitterly hostile to the new go vernment, causing a feeling of great anxiety amongst politicians of all classes. It way amusing to see how even the lagies were carried away by thia feeling; the animation of their gestures, und the warmth of the language used by them showing that amongst the French Canadians, at least, the sen timent of patriotism is largely shared by them. The run to Toronto occupied about three hours, and, considering the season of the year, was rather a rough one. Befng my first experience of lake navi- gation, | must say that I was disagreeably disap- pointed in my anticipations of pleasure from the trip. Suffering greatly at sea, I had imagined that fresh water sailing must be devoid of mary of the inconveniences attending ocean voyaging. After several days’ trial of Lake Ontario in rough wea- ther, I have arrived at the conclusion that the latter is preferable. On sea most people get through their troubles at once, and feel all the better for the or. deal. On the lakes, in a stiff breeze, and with short | chopping seas, one undergoes a continual churaing process, which tries his e pigastrum and head sadly. We arrived at Toronto about twelve, and alser @ | change, and dinner at the Rossin House, I repaired to the Legislative Assembly, where the official aa- nouncement of the new Ministry was to be made at three. I found all the avenues to the hoaw thronged with persons waitiog for admission, and, | being a stranger, had sume duliculty i obtaiainy aa entrance. Alter being buffeted about from oue ot- icial to the other, | bethought me of sending ia my | card to the Speaker. Toe messenger immediately returned with wistructions to find me a place ia one of the galleries. On entering the Lower Honse I was struck by the grains and vld feshioued aspect which it presented. faucy yourself transported back to the days of the old Cojonint assemblies, with a jolly, full bellied, rubicuud faced Speaker in a three cormered bat aud silk gown, and some hundred plain, farmer-like looking men ranged at either side, and you will have a correct idea of the Ounadian Par- lament. ‘The chamber itseif is a small,inconvement , hall, somewhat like the old Broadway Tabernacie, with galleries for the public occupying two sidgs of the building, avd small corner projections at each side of the Speaker's chair appropriated to the press. On the official announcement of the new Ministry being made, a tierce debate ensned—an amendment declaring want of conficence on the part of the House being saddled on to the motion for a new seat for Montreal, vacated by Mr. Dorion’s acceptance of office, in this discussion the French meabvers took the leading part, and certainly, for eloquence, foret- | ble reasoning and general parliawentary tact, the; appeared to me to have much the advautage of thelr Upper Canada colleagues. One of the best and most telling speeches which | have heard for some time was made by M. Morin, a young man of little more thaa twenty; and to this speech I have no doubt the Jargeness of the majority by which the Ministry was | deieated was in a degree to be attributed. A curious featare of this assembly to a stranger is the lingual Jatitude permitted to its members, as a necessity of the peculiar constitution of the House. It might be supposed that the nse of French by a portion of its members would be found a source of continued an- noyance and inconvenience to the other section of the Assembly. Such, however, is not the fact. Moat people of any education speak French; and the | hewspaper reporters transeribe at once into English | for the benefit of those who do not, the French por- tions of the debates. In poiut of general ability the character of this Legisiature will compare tavorably with that of any celiberative body that I am ac- quainted with. ‘is is owing to the great variety of elements and the really high standard of inteli- gence of which !t 1s composed. On leaving the House | encountered the new Pre- mier—Mr. George Brown—near my hotel, Hes wt and uncommonly handsome man, with, however, b neasy and nervous expression of counte- Whether this ix his habitual appearance or wae the result merely of the anxieties of his present position, | am unuble to sey, Whatever may be thought of the means by which he has arrived at it, it is certain that no man of mediocre abilities could have reached such a point of political influence and distinction. Notwithstonding the hostility of the Legisiature to him, it is unquestionable that 1 the country a large number of followers who believe in his capacity and fitness for the post to which be bas just Leen raised. Apart from the excitement attending the political contest, of which it is at present the theatre, Loronto isa dull place All the business people complain sadly of the staguation which prevails in every branch of trade. Leaving next diy in the Banshee—one of the fine vessels of the Royal Mail Through Line—! had another taste of the rough chances which occasiva- ally beset the pleasnre tourist on the northern lakes. Ry ten o'clock we haa a tolerabie fair time of it, but | we neared nae the wind rose and soon swell- toatierce gale. The m: ity of the Soman Sine deaeeele cot Pag general, as if the great lake bad not as good a rigat se the ocean to turn itself over in its bed. We did not arrive at Kingston until near nine—the usual hour being about half past foar—and the consequence: was a delay of several hours further in order that we might descend the Rapids by dayiight. Gliding through the Thousand Islands in an at. mosphere at times partially clouded by fog and again refulgent eal ing sun showers, we passed one day delightfully, amply compen- sated by the ever Ny dr = sg he scene for our previous night's di fort. Towards evenin; the weather became more settled, and we descen the Deplau and Gallopes Rapids under a magnifi- cent presenting on our left masses of purpe and goiden clouds mantling high into the heavena, and on our right a double rainbow, rich in pris matic rays. When we arrived at the next landing three young men came on board, whose appearance at first attracted no particular attention. Soon, however, the rumor circulated that they were the three Wnglish nobleren—Lord Robert Grosvenor and the Hons. F. Cavendish and B. Ashley—whose perambulations have excited so mach attention amongst match making mammas and venny-a-liners. All that I have to say of them is, that no young men could conduct themsblves with more modesty and unostentationsness, or show less consciousness of their rank. Theirmanners, it nmst be owned, form in agreeable contrast to the valgar affectation whiet distinguishes the fashionable youths of New York and others of our 1 cities. About eight o'clock we arrived at Dickinson's land- ing, and laid by nntil one in the morning, in order to deacend the Long Sanit Rapids by moonlight. Punctual to the time we on, andes at this exciting apect under ciroumstances of ; dditional hazerd--if hazard there reaily be. To me ) owever, there appeared to be little danger in the ‘escent at any time; the size of our veese! and the vigilance yed in its managemont, dispelling all ideas of that sort. The Long Sault passed, t went to bed again, directing the steward to awakon ine at four, the time calculated that we should ovenpy in passing thro Lake St. Francis. At half-past four ‘we commenced descending the Cotean, Cedars and Cascades Rapids, and these crowed we emerged into the smooth waters of Lake St. Lonis. The morning was @elightfally clear and bracing. and the aceae was one that fil all hearts with foliage of grati- fication and enjoyment. Towards eight we crowed the Lachine rapids, and im another half hour caw the cathedral turrets and spires of Montreal gleaming in the distance. Sweeping between the vafnished buttresses of the new Victoria tubular bridge, tho steamer reached the quay at nine, and afcer a scram: ble for my tam enabled to close my lettor in a snug re ior of the Donegana Honse, from whence | will probably indite you ancthe: eplstle.