The New York Herald Newspaper, August 3, 1858, Page 2

euter: sive and absolute meaner ‘admitted in the good thoy bad as z of to ‘Tt was necessary for the spirit jer to recover the consi glory of tay Valiant companions wao heroicaily fought \nat poble enterprise, Witaout the efficacious support of public cpinion a poor and weak revolution which a} the Legwoing inspired more euspicioa than bope, would have ‘deca uoabie to prevall against 4 strong aud rich govern: ment which was rupportea by powerfal classes, As to the first government of ayutia, the diflloulties suecitated against ithad been the work also of opinion—viffloulties ft was unable to conquer, notwithstanding that it had in ite forces of the victorious revolution. There. pinion supporting the men of Ayutla agatnst the dic. atiy declared that it was ¥, Or of exaggeration of order, or of predominascy of any class, but ip favor of i berty, reform, equality and free iostivutions; and that same opinion, rejecting the policy of General Alvarez, revolting 'ageiost it, and raisiog arms io order to overthrow it, had also clearly manifestet that it did not favor demagogical tyranny, or oxaggerated liberty, or the jomiaency of f¢ a, but order, presar vation Of @ good traditional sp ril, of good old iastitutioas Gnd of good social elements. These were the facts which bad just taken place, and thie the state of opicion when! came ia power. Ail the tendencies of poblic spirit had found their expression in these two words cder gad Liberty.” People wanted order, but not desportem; liberty, bat not libertioisa; retorm, but not desiruction; progress, but no! violence; nd these being their wisues, and tooir will boing ex- pretees 80 resolutely te had bean, tno dasis of tae po licy Of their government had doubtless been fixed clearly enough. this policy, tn order to aus wer those aspira- tious, bad to repair ail past misfortaaes and to protect ail future hopes; anc I adopted it, not oly because these were the geoeral desires of the nation, and her hopes | Whenappolntiog me to the supreme power, dat because such bad aleays been my manor of thinking in political matiers, myself ‘having plainly witness ed the bier fraits of exsggerstion in ali the vicissitudes which till then bad afllictea the repud! The foregoing refiectivns will appesi even tiresome wo thore who are not ecq: Das peesed in Mexico daring the last tw yea! appear to them increJible that tue cbiet of @ goverument sbould be obliged to make 89 mavy efforts to prove taat he ected weil by being petther retrograde aor demagog'- cal. Avd, nevertheless, it is @ fac: tnat for not navicg Deen the former thoze who calied tacmssives the parti. sans of crcer waged & severe war agaios; me; and for not haviog been the Istier many of those who call themselves friends of liberty ic my unfortunate couvtry caiamarmte me For this reason | have dwelt so long 0a these trivial reflections; for they being the explaaatioa of my political thought, at the same time explain the diffloulues of my government, the crue! war waged against me by the fac tiore, and the causes of my fall; tor these reflecueos prove that for havixg profferee a friendly hacd to the partisans of liberty, apd a protecting band w its adversari the former had reason for tarowing obstacies in my way, nor the latter for a tacking mo with armed hand; and flaai- ly, as I bave raised n wy country a Dauner of erncilie- nget the contending parties, every body will see in sof my aiverearies but exclusiviem, istueraace systems which aro the scourge of ra ently sangumary tious, Astor (be resi, if the repubiic were not so interested in this question, I shoud not bo troabls calumnies of my enemies; tor hav- tg curred the baired of the retrograde, or that of tac demagogues, is not & disgrace, but a glory for my adminis tration. ‘TRE PROMISRS OF THR PLAN OF AYUTLA. Although the circumstances of time and the state of publi opinion clearly traced out the road | had to follow, they did not for that reason clear off the difficulties wach T was to mect with, My government received as an her! tage mrad legacy—the nation was exuansted by the ai- lapidations of the dictatorships aad whe dev estations of wars, distracteo by (he maxims of despotiow and dy anar chice: doctrines, weakened by misery ani discords. Thero tore | batt to struggle without resources against (yrmidabie enemies, and that etruggie waa to be wichout truce or re- taxation. I was to fulfll the promises of the Plan of 4 the fulfilling of those promises were reform. > yutis, peace and legal order; reform, against which rose those ‘who lived upon a>uses; peace, which was not to the taste Of those who were thriving upon war, legal or te: was rejeoted by the friends of revolutio 4 the cou. try was fall of privileged clasves, diturbers and revola tionistsa. Tor this reason my whole time of goverament had to be @ time of contradiouons and struggles, from ite frat breath to its last sigh If I had limited myself to literally ebief duty was tw fuldi the pro- at this was pot my first care: my the impetus of ine conquerors, and to cover with @ shisld tue conquered for I did not wish the cause of liberty to be stained with vengeance. Thercfore I always proclaimed the prinziple of tolerance and rcepect for all opinioss. aad ove of my Grst acts was to submit to judgment before the first tri- Dunal of the nation the Dicta.or and his Miaietere, acd to Curmieh them a!) means of dofence which migat be neces- sary, so that they might be cousemned by jastics, aad ot by passion, for the excesses of which public opinion ecoused them. May | be permitted to observe here taat ‘Wie ts the Oret example of moderation offered by the his tory of our deplora ssensions. Never hat been seoa in Mexico arising government, tho offepriog of a revolu tion, which had been furiously’ attacked sod inguited, so vigsrously coovoying iteetf both in sheltering ite adver and in falfl ling the programme of ita friends. wWithstangiug iat, tbo spirit of party was oagerly Duay in arousing againet me the clergy aod the army, by Ss that my aiminisiration was the ecemy of clases, aud although their efforts meuy times failed before the enlightened mind of either, nevertheless suocveded io Moding ia rome o/ tae mem%ers which belonged to them the most powerfal tassramens of thetr plans. It seoms to me t> be saperfaoas to de. movetrate the absurdity of such a supposition, it dew, evident that a govermmect coutd not * ewomy of ini clergy of tbe army, which understood ihe aecessity of vallivg iteeif wt the same tine © religions feeling and of the armed force to tue end ci bestowing oa ihe Bas asia aistration bave procesded, and sing forever ths ayes of revo was (rartrated by their combined efforts, 1 aball briefly examine this point, for there pre cwely \iee the explauation of tue even’ ion took place Guring these two years, apd it serves as 4 key for opening ‘the enigma which ibese events offor. INFLUENCE OF THR CLERGY. ‘That the influence of the clergy io polltios was @ neces: wity of other times, and @ bene’: for socety; tas the bistory of the Catholic the Ristory of civilization, and toat Mexico is indebied to the Mexican clergy for great benefits—toese aro trutns which po one can deny who has stedied history But that times bare —that with ihem the oacare ot ss ey] - seo changed, aod tnas opinion which in ot! spoche wes reigning ie # matter eq wall underwent mdificathms, are also fants wbiod cenaot be concealed from him #bo considers the eute of ideas in our and the ovaracter 0 the revolations ia Mexioo fhe politics! influenee of the clergy is there regarded as pernicious to religion and society. ita riches aod privileges are the causes of greet alarms, the volas ions for formitabio temptations, apd even the pretest for deep hawreds Against these accumarated riches and privileges of oe clase the new @c nOwica’ docWloes aad the De@ priitical maaime arose: aud if it is corteic that impiety wisbos to impoverish the clergy, sod t> bumitiate it out Of hatred ty relig?on, it is equally vertaw that mans, #iibout ceasing to be cot Oatholios, amd rome preciesiy becanse they wish the advapee of Catholicism, invoke the priscipies of conte cation and the eqaauty of justice in favor of ecclesiastical retorms. When I assumed power I found this opiuion with res Poot wo the clergy already formed, spreadiog aad power Tol, it was @ fact that necessarily Was to Complicate tee f ‘With my policy, for it was the principal eubject of pudiic | Controversies—ihe baitie horse of parties—tue daly tood of passions. What wust | do in presencs of tai cl jowerfa! than @| opposing interests, all cong of with the object of eatiefying great reiig political necespitice, and of obeying the wm ‘opinion in what it was poesibin 0 obey them, in order ty avoid @ dieastrous react It ts BOL bere tue piace to prove the o laws which bad been issue! to this eno them. it evil the « vonieney of the ar WO repel the tor my paroses * water os would a from grea! disasters, '{ (base interesed 1a iuen tribured to realize my lotentions. Toe » Privileges would have prevented produce from falliug voon the privileged « om was likely to become a remery ees emleory by wb itone of individuvie in Mewor Cerine the law of parochial ¢ues would have restored to tae Clergy ite qualification as father and cons0.9F of fo tumate. that of civ! regietry woud have orevent , joconesiderate authority from promoing later conflicts between the two pow ore. Buch, at least, ws. the end to which those laws ware tending If old not atvaic it, it was mot my fault, bat thas er toelr pretext ani secrilagiousiy lald waste the fields, set fire viotaved the tem oles, region, 40 the Vilingee, and Gilling FD mowing and diood the whole ropudlic, the system of my policy | legitimate tatorcets and respects. | Progress to | in tts desires as temperate aod & PERFIDY AND HOSTILITY OF THR ARMY. to by some individuals of the clergy was not based upon any justifiabie reasoa, the war deciared against me by a poruon of the army is stil! less jusidab 6, for there was 00 pretext for it. ‘The ary bad Deen the most cous;aat sapporter of the | dictatorship, apd the most dozle execotor of tne very often atrocious measures Of that government. For tuis reason there was in many of the mou of Ayulla ® Cortera ‘Dad dis fb tbe individuals belonging to tne »Avd even meriediy hortile intectious against the wi class; Vhese ten ienoiea were distinctly maai feeted tu the days of triumoh, when toe victors believed themselves to be able to satisfy their asger against Wuose who had retarded victory. Tue truth is, that tne formal project o destroying the aray bed beeli conceived and ‘would bave been sarried toto exection, Dut for my pre- veoling it while Mnister of War, to whicueod I asd to make incredibie efforts, sod succseded al iast in appaasiog the effervescence of the moment by oromising that che imetitation would De reforme i according to the nscessinues gud the spirit of the ines. Attereards, an being already charged with the Presi dency of the repadiic, f att not only employ myself to Fewove that discoraauce between the army wad tho ibe ra} cause—I Lot only wished to uotte them im @ close alliance, but I iso obtained to sos them form one aad the same cause To this purpore [treated as friends the notaDdilities of that army 80 muct held ia norcor by the revolution which bad elevated mo to the power, and [ embraced as brothers the meo whs most furiously had fought against it, and who bai the most sigualized them seives by sbeir zeal ia favor of the past tyrsaay. Woat repay meut for this gevervus gonoucy? Tay, et me, mori exerted 0 m7 daasge be con! owed them, dence I There * nothing more repugvect and scandalous than those trae of periidy by which 4 vera! oflicers of thy aray | apewered my call. Chief of a revolution waich Dad tri- | umphed attoe price of a thovsaod sacrifices, and bead of a government which had just sprung up out of it, I opansa Wy arms end beslowed my coaddence upoa the gouerals Of the cictatorabip, who hai been our mori! enemies Thoss men, atili bespattered with the Diord of the dattlea in which wey had fought itn toe Libels they bad jeuncned upon us stt!l oa the:r Lys, Came toto my pre Bence, asiovished at & provocding they @12 not expect, de- | cause they aid not understand it, 1 gave toem soldiers, | arms spc money, tv order tan. they saoald pacify tha re pubic. Toey accepted the miasivn aud the coadseacs, fook leave of me wita domonstra'ivot of tusokfuiness, went cut of the doors of the pa! tah the air o loyaliy, and afterwards were Do sooner in the open fsi4 cuaa thay pronounced sgsiust me, wie tee edidiers, arms aad money | bed given them Cor pareuing the over repols, Tous happened the fact and thus was formed the first reaction of ia, which w litte Jater planted ite tents ia Pucbis, where st was powertuily aided with money by tbe clergy of that aioxess. Over 5,000 man assembled there ia February of 1460, a) the orders of those chiefs wno bad pol been able vo rene! with: porddious, and of owners who had not beca aie to act thus without being uograteful. I marched agaiost them at the beet of the Na! Guard and of a pari of the aray waich nad rewained faith ful. Pubiic opinion enoported oar causs God biessed our efforts, and we conquered. The rebols boing 11 my power and st my discretion, ia virtue of a capitaiation [granted them, my frienos acd companions whe had sided mo in obtaining the Victory, iosisie2 upon ae exemplary pusied ment being tnflicled on them; Dut I replied to this clamor by a cecree which was more @ threat taan a chastisemext, For some cays a'terwards it Was a> 0li*ued, as T cid pox wish that tory s.ou d believe ibemse' ves bumiliated, not even by « threat. Whai did bapgen thereafter? Tho princips! chie's of the reaction took refege at the capttal of (he republic, ant from amupgst them areve the chiefs of asoiher resstouary movement, Which in December of that year brokeout also in Puebla. ‘At that time the loyal troops remained agaia victorious, and sbe government scoorced a capitalatve to the con qvered. Victory was not soiled witn biood: for the victo- ries of the government never were stained with blood. oft ofortucate Orihuela will ory ouly axsiant {hose who compromised bim iu @ foolis’ enterprige, and against the horrible syntem adopted agaiart me of violat- jpg without remorse the most solemn comoacts The chief of the rebels fed from Puebla as thouge be feared to be protected by the guaracters of the capitulation; surprised without them in bis {lignt by ® party of trooos, bo was shot before the giverament bei tine to pardon him, aod tous the country beheld the Grat aud only victim trcrificed by tbe lew tn comparison with the aumbers immoiaved by the reaction to ita rancor and its yougeance. ‘What happened ageia, afterwards? again took reluge in the capital, when anotaer reactionary pro- nunciamiento droke out tp San Luts, aad the goveramen™ Coming Out again victorious at Wagdalen, snowed to the conquered oniy clemency and goterosity. Toe most ran- corous fell into tte bands; and it did not content itself with pardowing them, but acted to sbem ip # manner that bad never been witnessed in the civil of the re- pubiic, going even so far as to eflace tomporarily all ha- tred from their hearts. ‘What had I then done to the army thata portion of It pursued me with that uvextingaisbable haired? I bad re- ttraiged the revolution, lest it micbt wreak ita vengesnce on it; [honored the c'ass and the jodivduslsas muca as 1 could bonor them; I pardoned those who bad offended me. and treated (hem with consideration, even so far Uhat my indulgence appeared like im »ecility; | wished to give we army splendor, credit and popaiarity, by meking it the bope of the pation and the suoport of her liberties. Avd what was the reeult of ali that’ The scaa. | dal of thoee rebellions | have jast enumersted, the + of those conspiracies which wore always plotting; aud lastly the defcction of the 20th of Janusry—ihe greatest uf the scandals wiich that epoch baz wiinessed. THE CONSTITUTION OF 1857. Thue far i Lave spokes of my pollsy with regard to par- ties and the classes of society which exercised the most induerce on tae deetiny of the coustry—e policy which migh bave boen avy other than was that I have just iadi- eated, according 10 wha! were the opinions of tae Presi. 4 BCCOrding to LOW he UNderswod and Appreviaied cf the republic, the state of pubilc opinion, and the character of reigul It rematos now for me to speek of my policy as caief of a goverameut which bad to fulfil the promises of Ayutit—a policy ich bad not been left to the prudeace or discre- m Of tbe Provisional Presider religiously to be observed as es which were expressiy indicated io the Pao of that revo.ution ; for which I desice to say that ih wii alvo be teen that (or the accomplishment of these duties I always bad ja view my a of conciiating order with liberty, and that I never took m step the: had mot for its object the discovery of the solution of tals most impor- tant problem. Tne prinoipai promise of Ayatla was ty ¢: constitution to ihe rapubilc , m Consequence, tae prine duty of my government was to realize that jee. Fail of reapect for the liberty of popular elections, the ides did pot for @ momeut oceur to me to inflaeooe ia those for the eloction of the copstitatent 4 acourding to the odiet ierued by my predecessor, resalt was vory quickly revealed to me that in that boty thers prevailed ex elemects whicd could not be well r with my temperaie and conciliatory policy 3 et ey ‘oe leas, | Gid everything Oo my part so tha:t.o depuiics ie the capital ; presided a! the in ia sessions in sbould meet wgether sallation of tbe Amembly, and opened February, 1856. The project of a constitution, which was published in few Onye, came to confirm my ‘ears of ap evil these iears, which were tovse o( ali unprejadice mea ot toe ldera! party, were so macy other motives of joy and ope for the reaction, which foresaw, from taat moment, that \t would fod in the work of tho erustitavonal Con grest one of the most p ausibie pretexia it bed ever pos- pensed © meKe War against the go mont of Avuta } Im deapite of this, I protected with all my power the | liberty of the discussions; aad the voice 0: tne govera- | ment was Dot beard to that preciant exospt to give wise counsein to the depatise, apd to oppose the practical | knowledge whict it bei 0: Dational ciroamsiaoces to the inaovating spirit which would compromise liberty with | fla exaggerations | The work of the Oongress Came to ligtt at length, aad | it was even thet it was 00; what the country wiened aud st00d in need of. Toe! consiitation which cught to bave been the bow of peace aad the fousteia of beats which ongbt te have resolved all questions and endes Dancer, teviied to excite une of the greatest p mutt peste that bes ever afflote: Mexico, Uader it the exere live power was lefi disarmed in "eof | enemies; aod io it these found @ formidable pretext tor attack on the goverrmest. Ite obvervasce was Impossidie. {ts unpopularity was a palparie tnot; the go- Veroment which united its fate with it was & ds govera- ment. And, neveribelows, 1 promulgated that rasta was to promulgate it, although it The risa of Ayatls, which 0 of @Y each moucatog tuat aot id mol appear to was the law of my id f upon me th 19 aroopt and publish that ih did mot fi th d, bas with the hops tothe exizenc ere powmted out in its pro pose for which It ¥ as co wold be reforme! aso" optpion, by the mesos visions. OPPORITION OF THE ( ‘This step was the signal for stroggies The bish »pe provested agsins! ths @yavtuion of 1867, prohibited the faith’ woar alleciaaoe 0 it, and laupched excominuaic ations agains: those wan did RROY TO IT, turbulence ant pew ine reactiovary propog™ unto the domestic nearth; it was poured f streots and markers, aad it wont to rsinforoe the atmos: jasoimate ranks of robdoilion which wandered through the country; and that resstioa whish bad been conquered’ in every territory ani in all anterior combate was seen t open & few porision to combat in, and it found iteel!. equippet with now arma, having achieved its 0 jee! of defuitively oon Verting the political into & religous q 1¢stion In the midst of so mmay difficauies, the government continued to Inbor with falth and with cvavtancy for t cetablishment of copatitational order, not wtih standiag that itaaw that the reaction hat taken euch gigentic propor tions, More than ones tempting words were murmured | in he hesring on the part of those Who, in #aai ox austed circumstances, should bave undertaken > appease fempert which thandered over their beads and which threammed to submorgs the | hopes of the nation in a geunral snipwresk; bat the government turned @ deaf ear to those sugcertions, because ft oonsidered them the more dangerous tho NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, AUGUST 3, 1858. sotion increasing, the government «| out wee ava | exerting myself to save the lawiui means, BLECHION OF PRESIDENT, AND NEW COMPLICATIONS. Ip toe meantime, the election for the coustisutional Pre- an evident prool that my policy wie pablic . The of de to the first Coa- gress were also made, and I bad itead its eessions, according to the My govern ment bad algo absiained from influencing those ciecti rns, ‘and very Lite was done by the men who could have ex ercised bepeficial influence i the situation, tocerry thom, apd correct the errors of the Constituent Congress. [ne result waa, that in the first Cozstitatioaal there prevatied, as im ie , elements iprtavion: which could not be favorable to my concilis'ory invea- tions; and this circumstance diminished ina great measure the bopes whicd | bad held that the reforme in the funda montel iaw which public opinion demanded wouli be made. That assembly had, nevertheless, the mort sin core ceaires of waving the situation, subordinate at ways to Ube invariable ives of not departing one poiat fr tn lawful oroer; and tbis diepesition was obviously manifested wen, w acquiescenes with the indications of my goveramont, it enlarged the power of the Exesutive, suspending some of the artic’ c# of the constitution. ‘The eitustiiv, bowever, was ove of those that could pot be saved by good wisties; and although those of Coa grees Could Set bave been more patriotic, toaymusb as, in its opinien, it could do no move than confer extraordinary poor upon the Executive —yet tbis act was vot eufflsieat, in the 6: which things had arrives. Phat vow of confidence wae a signa! honor for me, and those extruor- Giary powers would have been suflicient w avert an ex- troordiwery unuger; butthe davgers of that tmo were more tbea eatrsordinery—they were exirems; aod they could only bave beeu avoided by the unton of the men of pregrere uu banper, aud moving b; the im- palse cf asingie will; bus, uafortumately, they were di- vided because of the corstitu'ion I deciced, in despite of everything, to sustain legality or to stecomb with itwhile the ealyauon of the country counselle? me notbieg else, ano the fat'iative measures were prepared which were to be presented to toe Uoo- grees ior the amezdment of the conetituuion. But paviic irritation bad arrived at 1% Culm(asting point; the reac onary prees let locee the bounds of its fury as soon as the extreordivary powers bad been concaded aato Far from fladiog » me, and loaded me with insults cecited apa frack defence ia ic was ovly ® p conseu’ed ‘that, in reviled ‘2 incendiary publications, witn m» an/ mors bitterness \ben io these of the reaciion Tae cons itvaon was daily iotrioge: the governments of ‘States aud by the legis atures, so~erimes Decaase it was im -cseibie to observe it, and ut Others Decnuse Were was An ipierest in iofriogtrg it. the princ’pai mtivary caiefs, the asutnoritres of gristeat influence im te ce ottal aad out of it, and the most vo'able psrsoos of all parties, pointed cut to me, wisnout Ceasing, the critical stato of the situs tion wpe the necessity of getting out of it by means of @ Gecihive stroke. In tne Coustautional Assembly tuere was Dome formed aa toi vical phalawx, which not oaly placed obstacies in the path of my progress, buton more Loan one cession t poured forth from the mouths of tts tribunee to violent ouveries ageinss my 4 miret my perton. The enemies of liberty dariog! vanced agsinst the government, because this eb the batred which tue coostilutiog inspired, aad the parti rape of this crde could not give me cffective aid ta that desperate combat lo a wort, the covstitation streogin- eaec my evemies avd Cebiliiated my partisans, becaase grounes were given to the reactioa, aad disagree nent was introdvcrd into the Liberal ranks Taus I cane to fied myself e!one in the capital of the repudiic, with the pledge to sustain that order of tniogs wnicn airesdy could net be saved with barren votes, ant only by the employ ment of poysical force. I could ovsy crunt up >a one boay cf troops which was perzovaliy attached t\») m —iho Zalcaga brigade; and the brigade of Zuloage itseif pro- poarced, on the 17th of December, agaiost the constita tion of 1667. ‘THE PLAN OF TACURAYA From that day tho situation wes iaeurtainad!o on all sides. Untiltben, I had been able to justfy oa good grounds my wish to susteip the cooa'itatioa. Tas viedges given, the promises of Ayutia, the fear of increasing oo2- 16 hope of remedying thom—al! strongthened my ov pot to go out of the Jawful ways; bai from that eversthing was changed lo appearaoce, and my eiforie had already veen uso'ess as thay would have been Cangorous, Until the 17" of Dezember, 1 was not authorized to abangon my promises on th ‘but from that day the cause of Mexican hberty rata aipet them beiore me, and | bat to sasridoe tok my ame, my fame, and the position whicn my resent elec tion to the Presitency of the repubiic assured mo The Zuloaga brigade anpulled the constitution with tts pronunciamiento, sud 1 was named colef of anew Provieloa ‘i government. Wish the first step a rev slucon was made, which apparently was the result of circu matau with be second, it showed that (ts movomest was oto» 08ed © bho principles of )iverty, because the brigadu woll kuew that I would pot come rms with the resotioa The ex. pliit protestations woich the chiefs maze to me ought not to leave me the loast donb! upon thie plat, which was ie: definitively e: ut ja thecmterenoes which they head me, under the express condition thet co party sloald rate | 2 w position, aud that the government wasnt to abandon the path of s pracent reform, nor the cvuc latory design by which it bad been guided anti thea. Bes! this, I feared that the retrograde element of the new ation would come into power if uso1 to accept th: sition which was there gien to m bead in every part, aad follow deapotiom baginning to appear, of persecuiiovs and vengeance, making the reiga of I) country. At the same time calamities, it appeared to me possible tat the Pian of Tacu- Daya would serve aga better aid to my political design uy ord oa fu favor of @ funcamental law waic! broken to pices, would Bevo bern » anarchy I coald tee wih 3 acco.apanmants 4 with ii lateation of s impoasive in my than the past order of things; to cme! would be eanor 0088 of the | » rcwne 8 wa Gotaok from the Kir Lie. Impelled by these conside; ations I socep'e! the revolu. ticn, and was placed at tue head of the new order of thinya. ‘Toe partisans of the reaction cheanted victory; and its organs of the presa ridiculed the liberal party, be ieving it couquered. Toe partienns of the coastitution u: {ied them- selves to defend it, believing that the Pian of facanaya was Brencticcary plan. The one and the other were deorived, Decause they cast iuto odlivion my aatevedents sod my principles. I proved it theo, and | prorea it afver. warca, in @ manner #0 distioct that not oven the voeture of a doubt coald be left iu tne minds of those who were the least disposed to do me justice. The reaction bad deceived itself in believing tha! I had realized a change of policy in its fevor;, aod in tae mi ist of the hatred whieh || profersod towards me it bal praises for me, while it belisved me to be disioya! aad inconstant Tt was convinced of ita error whea the jist of persons T pamed to form the connell of neat was pubiiened; ‘and when it saw me resolvesly refuse \ia domaads, it re tarned to take its inimical position, and repaid ine for ita errcr by insults. ‘Tbis attnade on my part, in presence of the reaction, which enteavored to pomoss itself of tae pubiic destinies, was note my! frienda, the loyal pertitaas of the good liberal ; aad some States and inidtary chiefs ‘who bad ashered to the. ymiento besange they waw ip my adhesion « cuerantes for that cause, aod who koew whe of the former situation, renvaoced it after wards to revarn © the support & tbe constitutios, or to watch the unravelling of the occurrences ia a pradent *Prregard to the coalition, the principal persone who figured im ii were likewise decided io reepest to my in an- tons: they believed that [bad abantooed my priasio'es ta toer agen sok! bases these two indi pen) conditions to public feiictty, | ooald wot euter into om pacts cf alliance with the reaction, D6caass ine Feection wae Conpotiom with ail iw resglte; but neither coo!!! comm. entious!y recede avd adjust my policy to the tea teasive of the alliance, Deomuse its fanauciem fer tbo gos tation of ‘1967 wae an gneonqueTable odetacte to te realiretion of my ideas. This could be better obtained oF rian of Taoubaya, whose spirit must necessarily be toate @ epirit ot |, 804 ip NO manger could 't be otlicéwiw while T was to figure i it. For these ressons I 044 forme? une resolution of marobiog ta\o the \aterior of ine repiditc at the head of the troots that bed procisimed that liae, aad wready began ab Preyarattoon for inia E march, sure of fa ting ® posoeful solucion for ene qnestions | which divided ua, when @ new occurrence satdenty came 10 gi v0 anotber (are to the oriaia which distarbed on. TRIUMOR OF THR REACTION, ‘The reaction ha! labored with an indefat! sayin ar tor to convert that crisis to its profit, and it nal saccoeted. fhe Zaloaga brigade mate @ pew promunciamient oa to LiLo of January, auknown tw te, and exhibiting clearly the end they had is view The insurgents possosset them solves of U chadel, Of several barrac’ aot o otner importaut buildiogs; they were joined py the ‘usual conspirators, the notabilitirs of the opposition for two years past, the men of Zacagoaxtia, of Puobla, and of Sao Lule. Doubt was at an ood; it was the reaction in all ts devsiope mont raisiog It* heat in the capital of the repubile, aided by disloyal who audactously (breatened gevernment. That occurrence was anew diMoulty in the joterm able peries of toone taat bad em darranan: yet it gave me relief, as one who toe preseire of & very heavy weight, wn’ My porition from the 17th of Hesem> distreeeing, Dot becanss I would ever hi it, but broauas each interpreting tt whim, fow interpretations covld b inflamed wore the prs rious In \Nowe days. 11th of Janwary my position was equally as clone as that of my enemies, becanse the pronunciamients, bringing bis camp and delivering hin hm banner, had given Ww each the item which corresponded to his—to them to contend for deapotinm. to me t> dofend liberty. On declaring war with me the reaction kaew me better, and tid me more justice than the allianes; the firet knew that my sentiments, my name and my life were | tent Oed with the cause of liberty, of progress and Ro. | Avarouy lilted its t Iwiehed to avoid these | y i | 'y arrange offered to resign power, but to abardon the country. Bere I ougttto make an observation which may serve as an answer to the party of those who think there wer of personal jnterest in my conduct then. If mo- s ¥o paltry had impelled my coarse I woald bave done precisely the contrary to what [ did My laterest was united with the existence of the constitution, because 1 had just been elected President of the republic by the almos: upanimons vote of the people, and that constitu tion asevred me a period of four years in the office of first meg'strate, opening the door to me for re election for an other equal la juence my iaterest would bave couoselled me not to acos; f= r Pian of Tacubaya; and yet I accepted it. the 17th of’ Decenber nothing was casier than to have sstiefled my personal interest, by satistying the demande of the reaciion so as to preserve myeelf in the firet post of the State; and, notwithstanding, T repelled those exigencies, After the Lith of January I ‘might also bave returned to a elmore means the support ‘of the constitution and beld the Presidency according to law, in whica case the forces of the cvalitioa would have come to my aid; and, notwithstanding, [ did it oot. Toe truth is, that [ sscrificed thea my persoaal interest, with. cut considering it; and that, thioking only of the salvetion of my country and of mz principles, I made to them the sacrifice. dearer still, of my tranquillity, of my repuia- uuon, and of my giory. The hope being lost of preventing a rupture, I wished to save the inbabuants of the capital from the norrors of a bloody strugele, and with this object I pronosed tuat the two belligerent foreos should proceed to take up thoir positions beyond a ratiue of seven leagues distance from the city, to fightin the fleld, witb out the disasters of battls being extended to the peace ul citizens, My eacmies adao- lutely rejected this proporal. Ioaemuch as 1 could not seve the country from the scauea! of a wer, end the city from the spec- tacle of a battle tm its streets, I endeavored tnat, at least, the rights of bamanity should be ro- epecied, apd that tte moral and material interests of society thould be preserved, in as far ag it was possible, watie host! ines eoonred. With this view I proposed that the prisons of the the hosattel: and the cemeteries should be declared al, 20 that the prisoners might be tafely Kept, that they might be cured of wounds, and that tboee «bo migdt Cie iv the eocounter should bo buried; Dut my enemies refuced this aleo I could not 40 more, id pot do jess infavor of afflicted humaaity 6 nociety, ‘THM GENERAL DEFECTION AND LAST STRUGGLE, The S0tu of January, 1857, at length arrived, which should witnees tbe last combat of my government for t hberty of the country, (had mustered some 5,009 mon of al} arena, wnclading those who were io the capital the day of the pronunciamiento, and various parties which bad arrived from without, [has faith tn th» rosult of the 8 'roggie, ead tho sorrowful and shameful evont which gave ihe victory to my euemies could never have entered ito my calculations, These who hed heen the first w commence hortilities a few days before wore alao the drat to epen fire that day agaicst te posiitovs of the govern- met I resi and attacked while [had mon with whom tw attack and resist; bus tbe hour of @ general defestion baa arrived, aud it put a characteristic termination to the oetectons of two years Ip the morning | had at my or‘er more than 5,000 men; at night there were not even 590; the reet Pad disappeared —some going to enlarge the ranks o° tbe promunerados, end others dispersing about the streets, The deede of that day are not to berelated in tus place, veitber ie sbe relation neceses’y that the mournful catas- topbe might be compreban Va tae other nand, [ leave to others the task of judging of my conduct a: a so'dier: pewertheless, for tha honor of my canse and of my principles, Ihave made the preceding reflections, ia or. as my conduct ss @ ruler may not be falsely jue gen Woile theao events were passing, others occurred of (he most we'ghty impcrianes ia the scheme of our polity. The President of the Supreme Court had re assam- ed the supreme power according to tho constivntion; had erteb lsned tne government in Gusnsjuato, and bad beea reergnize? by the majority of the States of the repablic. This baa created a centre of uuion round whicn could per- bape be re-united the partisans of liberty, while it would tiee bow hope of remedy for the ovils of anarchy by which the country was threatened; and whatever mignt have beew my opinion in this particular, it was my duty to place Bo ODsimcles in the way of that nope. | decided, then, to abecnt myself from the couatry for some timo— nooepting thie eacrifce, waloh the circumstances of the time imposed ypom mo. WHY H® RESIGNED THR PRESIDENCY, My continearce in the republic at chat period could not have oven of any bepedt—nowever strange this opinion Day at first fight appear to those who know that in those omer, when liberty ran such great dangers, it was presisely the time when the assistance of ail ita parti San was more than woceeeary. It is true that I would heve gone on comDattiog the reaction enthroved fa the pital, because there were rome that valued my nam }amorg the just and unprejadicst men of the liberal ty. But I would not work ia coojanction with the coa- ; Bor wae {t casy for ik t> accept with good will the ervices; por was it decorous that I should artfrom it snd inmy ows name. The first was not possidle, because, although the government of Gus pajuato was tne constitutional government, and altho, Leould respect the patriotic intentions of those who eu tained ft, [ could i! jend my sid tm enpport of an order of things which had appsared umeustainavle t> me bat @ few Gays before, The second was not oasy, because there prevatied tn the coalition mon, pringiot aod tendencies which wore decidedly hosti'e to ms Those men had deen during twelve days sim, my strogglo with th ton ia the Capital, an ne ncen ft to wid-me in that deploravle atruggie—a clear gn that I, a representative of temperate i of pra dent reform and of political toleration, could pot then offer them services which might bave been vie to them. Too third was not decorous, for althzugh I pad mo ‘ai bin the conetitation, vor did | profess coaformity of idena with the men who defended it, I could not bat re member that that government the lawful governmen tod considering this, [could rot enthout dishonor hifi np parper and seod forta armad men on my ova account, ; sbould do it jo the character of Prosident, aad altoough ft waa agsinst & common enemy. to wroish my name, defenciog as gooi tl fice, eapesiog rmyeelf to a rebuff which would ba directed more agwon: my principles thea ageinas my per- son. 1 could pot, in short, give to my couate; the scandal of seeing me converted lot» a revel. And one of these three thiogs would cortainiy have cosured, iff had remainet in the country after the unravelling of the occurences of the capital. My io is cold nave ony rerved to tpcrewe the clements of For these rearous, and for many others which are dis. tnet from them, - pwn By on it woll, and after & palatal wi my feelings, as a friend, ae 2 Dutriot, aad aoe soldier, I took the moarpful resovution o° expa'riat'ng myself; and i am ss. Linded with the conviction that this was the only sacrifice whieh in those moments could be mate for my unfor. tupate country. | have formed these avpote'ions that toey may in some manner terre for ite future, if it profits by the great leerne of the © which they refer. By them it will De seen What my Crostent el pfiade in al! the phates and vicwsttudes of wy 1ot9 life wes the realization of a poiitioal ¢ , whic! ot to be ite only ad mitting thas Tepaviie eumet be paved by the Intole- rence and exelustrevew of roectovary factivos. fo vain will it be said thet that poioy did not entiefy any party,ani that for that reason al! abseotooed me, because the truth ty that this Cove not satiate“ orily expinio the evil vortane of my devign. If it were oanweoesr’n! as because it was cert OD an evil cocesion upon a Roll barren by Parsion, end it could not grow. Bal aood remains ib re, ad some day it wil) give fr hen (od shell )8en4 to my country governrvens moro ‘ortusate Hore: FOR THe FCTURS This hope consvies me ween! bebold the nation in- volved again in tie horrors civil war, tormented by the moat fea fal anarchy, and expore’ to suffer anew the denpotiem. Keorything that hav a the ‘rst day of our indepeadencs thie cons ring bope, and foes to oor. roborate ina palapble mapoor tho acts of toe two last youre. ‘The mexican republic does pot desire despotism ueder any form. ‘Fas it not borne nearly half osvtury of antrnggle without cersation for the @rnquest of ite Wberty? And wherefore bes it so frequently ovorthrowa ita governments but that come had tyrannized ia the nama of the copservat ve prino’plé aod others in the name of revolutionary principice’’’ And whence have come these tyrannion, Dut from the dosiro of making enemies of iJeas that ought to be sisters order and liberty—tratition acd reform—the past and the future? And if this has caured all our misfortunes, and if for this #0 many vio- have been sacrifice’—if there is no other motive causes the bile to be left behind when ali the 1d advances in the pathe of progreas, what will be the remedy for 90 many evils bat to convert into allies th’ {dean which the genius of evil has made inimical, and to jead the men of good faith, who serve under two to exobrace like brothren? during my administration, and this at meet with sympathy in a civilized , Whore every hamasizing tendency generous | joa avo in accordance with the charas- sentiment, and the belief of iterons. They have ant proclaimed all principles aocording of clase, the f ‘and the seliishness of ambition. thee hey wit rome ¢ay embrace, with resolution and with fait Tad h ae aver ose ey ever ner clags, nor party, nor bitious have ever in- reribed tom ibetr Deane; to egnotite all rights and al | interesta by means of tolerance, sree detsonnse it Wex'co ia to be exved It most this means, and pot by means of hatred, biood. L New Yore, Jaly, 1968, tented all fo ‘ rms wn has boon advisadie, to the interest "Boe OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRESENT STATE OF MEXICO, ‘Views of a Foreign Resident in Mexico— Course of President Comonfort—Condition Of the Mexican Pcople—President Zuleaga— A Depleted Treasury—State Independence and Federal Weakness—All Governments Alike—Kducatioaal Evils—Priestly Inter- ference—Copflict of Parties—What Is in the Future, dic., dic. ’ TO THE BDITOR OF THE HERALD. ‘Mexico, from her introduction into the family of nations, bas been a distracted :nd +filicied country, The laws Promaiged have only beon obeyed throogh authority strongly enforced. A false ond pernicious policy has been pursued, aud Mexican rulers seem to have profited little by experience. Comopfort on assuming the reins of power bad fair opportunity to ‘nitiate a better order of things. It is true, he was met by formidable obstacles; the nation was sundered into con «nding factions, each Jealous of the other. Spanish ignersuce, bigotry, distrust and chicanery filled the lsnd, The priesthood exercised their baneful power upon all classes of society, and the lower orders of the people were abandoned to the tn- fluence of corrupt and designing men. Still, there wasa hope of reformation, and had the government adopted a firm, just and prudent system; had the President sim- plified the principles of bis policy tothe comprohensioa of \he people; had he enforcod obedience to the laws with an impartial hand; had he appropriated the revenues to the requirements of the country, and sought tocreate a good faith towards the State, both at home and abroad, he might at least have partially auc- ceeded in developing the rich resources of the country, in giving stability to ite inetivutions and in promoting the best interests of its people. But he proved incompetent for this. Like his predecessors, he obtained power only to abuse, and then to lose it. The liberal constitution was mover enforced and continuel, even in namo only, fora brief period Comonfort proclaimed himself aivsator, ‘and in less than two months it cost him the loss of the Presidential chair. Thus, revolutions follow each other in rapid succes: sion, anda feeling of insecurity and suspicion pervades the whole population, and perverts or paralyzes the na- tional energies. Let the Chrictian reader perass the pages of Spanish American history, and be will learn that it is bat one tissue of fratricidal wars, subtle troachories and ranguthary crimes. It digoloses a field where the brother is arrayed againat the brother, the father againgt the son, and the son against the father. A short time since the writer of this article was in conversation ith @ European who remarkest that ‘it was only recently tnat he haa heard of dexico.” When interrogated, with some feeling of surprise, 1¢ “ne had never heard of its intestine quarre.s, tts revolutions, {ts rulers aod its wrevchedness?”” heanawered ‘Yee, loniy know this rich aad baaut:falooun- Uy by its civil wars and its death sounding cannoa, and its conthets of carnage and blood. nose covflicts have heretofore been represented very imperfectiy tnrough the atl now sce that every matter of difference is y Su Sppea! to arme, and when this people ce & war weh Spain or with the Udived Siates, th ture their weapons upon eash other, and the pro ‘che sge with them is simply a process of seif- destruction * Ibere is truth in the observation. The Mexicans aro trained only for mititary ite or ia the rovenae service. ‘The first is expectea to give them power and the means of attaining their ambitious ends ‘a matters of State au- thority; the wecond ts employed to give them wealth and furtner their persona! schemes of cavidi:y aud plunder. Theee are toe objoots pursued, to the neglect of all th great public inwreats of the country—the coaeolidation of the government, the restoration of the national credit, the i of their interna! resources, or the pro- per ecucation of thore who are tn future to take part in ‘the formation or euppert of the InstiituUons of the repub- lic. At present the great mass of the people of Mexico, although living under tue name of @ repuDdiic, bave no part nor voice in the constiivtioa of ite governmect. Armed men have a: a'l times defeated the fair expraesion of the popwiar will, and cast down the national rights amd immunities regardicss of the forms of law, of otticial position, d even of tac most ordinary claims of e common humanity. Before the march of anarchy and misrule Legislatures have mhared im the ond the fate of the lowest orders of the poopie. ‘There is no sovereignty in@ government of jaw, the sule reignig principle being that of military power, and hezce there exists no republic save in the shadow of a name. It is a body withouta soul. A leprosy seoma b> taro fastened on the ational existence, which bas bec: s fearful im the hand of an avenging Provics a It bas extended to every branch of business or trate ia Mexico, to every section ot her coasts, and to every iniend city. Everything bas succumbed to martial force, which has erected in ail quartors the two deities of Mexican idolatry—Mammon and Power—aod devoted the leating claeacs to their cruel and remorseless worship. Tnus au intolerant spirit has marked every party, and their rapa city and corruption have wasted the land until the national credit bas become extinct, and all eoniidence at home with the resident merchants, or abroad with for: ne, been crushed out. ve country ’ ie groaming under this depiora- bave left scarcely a forlora pripoiples inecribed on her brutal and bloody sword can. rot remain long suspended over the beads of ite unfortu- pate victims. REVOLUTIONS AND THEIR RESULTS, Airenty, ante December last, have four changes suc- ceeded — |, the constitution, then the dictatorship; next ‘tne Pian of Tucubaya: and now the dominion of the reac. tonaries and the blightirg influence of the ecclesiastical power. The unbappy couctry at this momont hes pros trate, Dleeding at every perc. Her present chief magis trate—Generai Zuloags—canoot be more fortunate tnan bix predecessors in Giecovering or applying an eficacioue remedy. The same fevered pulse throbs to every ex vemiuty of the pation. Every experiment of political sur- pg Lh repeated, bat without success. fhe caree of ber silliciions is left untouched, under its wasting wer, The nation, atthoagh in the infancy of ber history, as thus early been erfecbiet. and her energ!o destroy ed. Ber constitution ¢ alreacy usdormined, her beart @'seased, and ber members failing to doory : yet 1 fs four. ful to bebold the dying struggles of a people woo hare proved themgelves !ocompetent of self government To"witners bow. the ianoceat are forced. to with the guilty, Revolution hea, indeed, ve Dut when or bow {t will predict. The new au\hori counter, and, a8 in & cam siralnte of civil conditions At one moment they may seem torpid and subdued, aod in the very next they may be roused by the ferosners 0! presion and rash headiong into every exccer of violence and bicodshed. Tae rolers of Mexico are evermore suspected by thine whon tooy gcvero, and they seem equally bind to the atopti any jast metbod of allayime taose euepicions ad the Jato Presideot Comonfert enjoyed the contdence of the previa, or had his troops even beee regularly pait, aud 7 wine regulations ren tered faithfal ia su) of the ad- ministration, a véry ciferent result might cured; but the common poldiers were attorly angi Only there few officers and subslteros who were subser vient to bis selisn parpyes stared in tne 1 the chief magistrave. A system of proulation by go- government officiele ran through every deoart- ment of Comocfort’s sdministratic aol the soldiers who hail been exoluded mercenary spoils, whea they came to cloes conilict «n the capital, not only showed their distrast of him, bu: were reasy to turn to those who proffersd them payment. The vow failen President was clothed with extraordinary powers, butas webayo ren, all to no purpose His po- idticat opponents bave only to follow the samo beaten } = fn wo will come to the eame fave with all ir predecomors With the oonetusion of Commonfort's Presitency, we heve seen, t least for the present, the end of constita- Clonal Hoerty—a liberty which never existe? bat In ame. Tc m ue the constitution bas many formidable atherents, bat the contests among them fcr the exerc'se of power bare vources of dieanion. It ia no want Ss. Cn ene oe =. —_ “ f it te tho absence of moral principles and lotegrit, purpose which bas ret dered them unfit to hold the Peles of ¢overn- ment and to pureve a safe ant steady line af policy, thal might restore prosperity to thefooantry, Among other dieastrous of this vicious system & depleted treasury bay rosalted. At the pressnt time the revenue of the country does not meet the expenditure of the government, nor can it be made to dono until « wieer polloy aball be adopted aud the tranquiility of the Tepnbtic ertabusbed. Those abuses migdt bo corrected by proper leg@lation, and an impartial ad minitration of the laws directing te revenue in its appropriation to the real wants and interests of the country, an? arresting the whole nyatem of pillage and exortion which has so long And #0 mitchieviously prevailed in the pation. If thovw charged with the execution of State laws can be jntaced 10 carry out their provisions with even handed jastios, even thia might produce a mensure of rolief, Bat while eech succeeding administration permits lie favorites to ile the pubiie interests are nag. paid ant uncared for,there i but little hope of redeme's Violenes, revola- tion aod bloodehed = murs = coutinns ‘to be the order. Crimination and recrimination must follow, Arbitrary power ana ® sense of opprestion must forter the bitterness of party strife. Might must stil! be ihe supreme law of the nation. and al! complaints from | the suffering wiil be nsciess, and a'l reasoning with the nical in vain. itis thuethateven now a dark and jcubtful contest is protreeted that mrst rhake the pillars of the republic to ita foundation, In fact it 19 “a reign of torror’’--a ret of men are stroggling in Merion for powor like the Dantons, the Kobespierres and the Mirabennus of France, without their abilities, bi destitate of princ! plo and as reckless of the right. FSORPRIDENCR OF THE STATES, AND FEDPRAT WRAK Rte, Evon since the 'art orange the stato of fire eeoms not to bave been tmproved. {here ia little concert of action between the eoverel States. On the contrary, a spirit of ggrereton animates the diferent mombers of the repab- Ho. Fach State na'sta cn a moeurs of sovereignty in compatible with the con‘ederation, aiming not only at a ee exerctee of State rights and aathority within itself, it alan to extend a virtnal joriedietion and power of dic- tation over the neigbboring States, And should tho Anancial affairs of the differeot States be controiled by the principles of Santa Anna's policy in rererence to the name fubjoot, it ie enqueetionable that there cam bo little hops of natopal improvement and at" lees for the security of perronal yy. tin quite likely that upon is new state of things at the city of Moxico, which ts, notwith- atanding, tbo political heart of the natios, on nerous at dresses will bo made expronsive of the Mention of the the success Mexican mid, and that Ge Pet: on of the perty just now risen il be re power wil as ‘proceeding from those States that have mc cumbed te the new order. of things. Promises wil bo roade in glowing ‘as to tho futare administration Of justion, the of commercial interests ant pursuila, and the establ'shment of the pence and pros The | tate of things. The my oe] of her ceapotic laws | pe to her peop'e, aod the | ry F ie i Ez ‘ Hy ul in i ? ft H iF i FEAT i diture of blood and treasure has already while notbing either durable or detirab.e has e.compiished for the State. Tne political per! ny 2 ies and leading Powore o/ the earth. of nadons have an interes: in her future developement and destiny. Notwithstaoding the national wreck nes already been well nigh complete, the tempest hes already swept away almost the lest vestige of tue country’s pros- submerged her fortunes in 4 see of blood; and ithstanding tho voarel of Siate lies siranded on the ehoals of popular commetion, ani the wreokers are watching to clutch the Iast spoils which the worms cast up from the ruin thet has been mae, there is stil! @ lingering hope forthe tawre. It would be melancholy to suppose that Moxioaa ferritory is to be forever givon up to these bitter feuds, to warring factions, to plunder ani corruption. Still tho day of re- demption may be for Mexico if ik bo ioft ea- tirely to the race which now occapios her soil. A sirangs fatality seems to attend the efforts of spanish patriotiem for constitutional freedom in this Western wird. New tyrants appear to be ever rising to crush the hopes aad expectations of the Dew schemes 4 delute the ie tgmorant and dirgust the more enlightened; new intrigues ever multiplying upon tue vid, avd, more tuas all, the deadly mysteries cf Spavish priests and Jesuits, sabja- gatieg the masses and filiiog all minds witn a tark aud sullen meiancholy. Toese are some of the evils under which this poor country continues ia ber almost hopeless desolation. fhe spirit of inquisitorial veogesace exerts ite fearfol dominion through ail the preteaded forms anc under all the — niwes @nd ssootions of re juviigam inetitutions. such an anomaly should ever give stability, or divine the caases of misc aief, or reatody the #84 condition of the Couatry, is repugnani to tho plainost pricctples of common secee ALL GOVERNMENTS ALIKE, Tels but now thatthe satioa bas procounced im favor of a system whicu oaly « short time since sie udierly re inphatic iadignation. But the pow: as #0 lately Griven Das Deen lott m hands equally unakiiful. Tho means of couciltating the people on this occasion, 43 before, will doubiess oe ema- ployed. Under tne faires; pretexta of ostensible aevo- Vion to the real interests of the country, 1) is to Do feared wiil be concealed tue bases: pur voves of private macnina. tion sad of secret and peridious wtrigue. Tous these syren songs of uae msy Deosme bute prelude to en- otber of thee tous perio is when Crimes ure Goily perpetrated with impuaity, and iadivideal depravity ve Comes & passport 60 the most exalied stadoon So that the case is about the same, woeher the country may pa under the ruie of @ consuitutional Prosidons, ot osowel government, or e dictator extraordiaary pow: the alteso serenissimo—it 13 ell uoder the conzorship Mexican law, controlled by Spanish influssce, iatoieraat ip spirit, iliberai in policy, prejudicial to the dsvaiope- ment of tho national resources, aud bitierly nowile ta everything that is pot directiy aud enuirely suoservient to the Papal dominstion. Waoswever may D4 too form of government, it is still the same rathiess, inqaisit rial authority ¢ 4 uncer differeat names, aud thal wo nouinal repubiic is, and ever bes been, traveDurmodt inw ‘a military depot, with soldiers and muaitioas piaated in different s¢otions of the country, while the oly guaranty for order or security of aay kiad 1s the sole will of the dic’ator whose sigasiure is so often sacrilogivas'y sanc tioned by the secred names of ‘ God and Liverty.”’ With euch elements of poiticn exieieace tae vot didi. cuit to to see, not “as through m glass darkiy,”” the coming on of another couvulsion, sod tue desperate throes of the pational disruption. There must follow a votai up- hesving of her social state sod of her poijiical structure before she can rid herself of those causes wach have 60 Joey wasted ber strevgth aad retarded her progress, bo- fore she can shake off those bancful influences thet have pervaded her entire existonce, and which have proved fo cestructive im all their effects. fo careful s residing i the country it is not marvellous tast rapid changes are contigually golog om witvout oringimg sab- stantial improvement. Toe foundations of opea lence are laid in the individual and social ocnsracter of the peopie, The Mexican ls iahereatly treacherous and deceitiul. The true elements of self goveroment are nm found. Socioty is wanting in ahy sottlod prinoipies od Mena pro and — one are educated to im. ‘igue, aod practice it through life as & necessary meibod of cefenoe those around them who sre actuaiea by the same motives end opinions. Craft vecomess part of thelr existence, and unprincipled cunning the very air ‘they breatao. All things are venal. Beibory and corrup tion are the means by which they live. They tous come to wear arobe of many colored manuers, sumed with ever changivg hues to sultthe or the cocasion, and which if it does not toad & give unity and Drotherbood among themasives, a\ lexst serves Ww coo- viece the world that they are ail MMoxtcaos, the geouiae chiléren aud descendants of Oid Spaia—y vivan om tumbres. So the prevallicg immoralities commencing at first under a mask, lead on pct only to national distrust and dis- upien, bat elzo to an invasion of their families and thetr ure, Creating variance among Kindred and disso:ving all domestic ties. EVIL SYSTEM OF ROUCATION. Not less lamentabie is the systom of training the young ® aystem springing trem the «ame false privciptes, an Dearing every whore ite peroicious frets. In speaking ow by ly a with the better classes, they a! once repiy whet “all ei ‘tion to reform in this deoartment ts whol fruitiese, that any other eyatem ts with thom impossible.” This being the conviction of ho have decitet taleat in other respects, bat who are borne down by this hope- lees feeling and ths Jack of fndividual exertion which te everywhere discoverable, eapecially among the lees favored claeton of society, there ts in fact but little pros. poet that they will ever thro# off by their own efforts the incubus of ignorance, error and supersition, under which hn f live aod dio. The me‘hods of tastraction which pre- vail in Eogland and the United Steves, aad the great atten- tion paid ip those countries to the intellectual sod moral culture of children are unknowas in Mexico A thousecd Channels are pouring light into the minds of Britith ana American youth, and laying the foundations of morality nod virtue in the heart of the rising generations, aad im- bdoity them with some — sense of love for conotry, nod more than al, of love of God—for these alone conesrnivg the and the fuodamental and vital doctrines of iwounel 0 strongly defo: fhe writer of this ar- 7 Thus Mexico, the land of the Ax‘vcs, stumbers on im her steptdity, unmindful alike of thowe sciences @hion have adorned and eirengthene1 other oa‘irns, ted i= the practical concerts of every those wider and more comprehevsivs charities bich are floaliy to visit and bless and to Ae hole brotherbood of mankind. evitable consequence of this lack of prover carty cultore—this exeiusion from booke enforced by we instigation or suthority of priests and oonfessors, must be instability of purpose, immorality aad orime. INSTANCE OF PRINETLY DICTATION OF this subjngation of ail the dearest rights and privi- legea of the peo priestly anthority aud dictation @ ‘ingle inetance wil suffice, thougn and evicences disclers it on Con hand. During the period of the Disbop’s visitation throvgoout the different dirtr ote of — and while ete} thy ‘eeatgwen gh G3 Irmation, one young girl, more than hom sho wae eurrownced, among the rine which cali for absolution ackrowledged to the reverend father toat aha bad received the gift of @ Bivie from her dying father, ‘and that this book coming from the band of one #0 dear to Spanish ton, 1 rend, hed her, and written in the understood ite od bad mate some inquiry reapestiog the dedactions sho hind drawn from cortam paseages which sbe quoted. She was tramofistely told tinet she had no right to make any inferences whatever from q@hat che had read, that the reading and interprovation of the Soriptares belonged to the pricate alone, and that it ‘was even wrong for her to retain the velume io ber - seesion whereupon it was demanded and takea from a Tt is im thin way that tho Rom':h bierarcuy have at all Himes evinced a dread of the contact of God's word with the popular mind; for there ina mynterions ant liviog wer in ite docirines, under the nflaepos of which 6 mind regenerated and divontbrailo’ breaks forth inte «i career—into that apirttual and far nobler fe, The word of Hod Hones motives of trans eadant fores, and brings to | & glorious immortality tarong’s f diving Redeemer. § the Papi church, wih too fall epirtt of the predicted antichrist, ora'te heres f ie the piace of God and his word to domiaion over tho hana conrcienes, ard Dinaphemovsiy arrogaces for her (alee And deteetadle priostoood the Rove power to diclate to perisbing and deluded mortais the terme and cooditioan Of everianting palvation. Thue the Romish clergy have at all Limes sought to clothe themselves wiih supreme