The New York Herald Newspaper, August 2, 1858, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD,| JAMES GORDON BENNETT, | EMTOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS, Cush én actvance THE DAILY NEKALD. two conte copy. $7 per annum. THE WLEKLY BERALD every Saturday, at ix conte per eepy, oF 85 por annum; the Eurapean Bilition #4 por annum, (0 part ay reat Britain. or 8 to" any part af the” Continent, to include pustace THE Pamiby HERALD, every Wednesday, at four cents per OF $2 por anni MOLuNtanY CORRESPONDENCE, comaining important ewe, # ticited from any quarter of the world; if used will be Vhe- eully paid for. LUX FORSIGN CORRESPONDENTS RE PAB ULARLY REQURSKED TO S@A! ALL EME AND PAUKAGRS mr Us. FO NOTICE taken of anonymous communications, We do mos return 4 ; ADVERTISEMENTS renewed every day; advertisements tr gered in tae Fvexty Henan, Fawr Henan, and in the Ealivornia and Evropein Editions JOR PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness and des AMUSKMENTS THIS EVENING. ACADEMY CF MIS«O, Fourteenth stroet—Gmanp Com BISATION OF AKTISNS |¥ TRAGEDIES, COMBDIES, &C., FOR THE Danes it OF TE LRawAtiC POFD. RIBLO'R GAK DEN, Broadway—Tne Poor Gentuewan. WALLACK’S THRATR*, Beosdway—Tue Warre Horst or tux Parrens— Lois Montee—VANKER HOUSEKEEPER, BART'S AMRRIGAN MUSEUM. Rroadway—After- moon and Brening, =, RITRILOQUISM AND CURIONTINE. WOOD'S SUILIMNMG, 961 and 663 Broadway—Ersroruis Bowes, Dances, bo.—Jvmpo Jum, MECHAFIOS' BALI. 472 Broadwar—Revawre’ MrverRELs —NeGROS MELODIES 43D BURLESQUES—Haw DUST ACKUBATS. New Verh, Monday, August 2, 1858, ‘The News The steamship Vanderbilt, which left Southamp- ton at a very early hour on the morning of the 22d ult., arrived at this port yesterday morning with two hundred and forty-five passengers and a very heavy cargo. The steamship Persia, which left Liverpool on the 24th ult, was intercepted off Cape Race on Satur. day, and we aré thus in possession of a week's later pews from Europe, and later advices from India and China. Tbe Atlantic Telegraph squadron sailed from Queenstown, in oréer to muke a fifth attempt to lay the cable, at daybreak, on the 18th ult.,and the Niagara and Agamemnon were sighted off Cape Clea: and Kinsale respectively on the morning of that day on their way to the ocean rendezvous. A very important debate took place in the Eng- lish Parliament the 20th ult. on the subject of the renewal of the Hudsen Bay Company's charter. Mr. Roebuck moved that the charter ought not to be renewed; that the legal validity of the exclusive rights claimed by the company, under their charter, ought at once to be determined by process of law; and that so much of the territory hitherto held by the company as may be needed for the purpose of colonization ought, without delay, to be resumed by the government. He asserted that he had in view the building up in British North America of great Eugiish lines of scttiement from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans, which would act as a colonial counter- poise to the immense and “ overshadowing” national territorial power of the United States. The Cabinet Ministers assumed, in some measure, the same tone, Sir Bulwer Lytton stating that it was the desire of the government to make powerful military end naval Stations at Vancouver's Island, and to own and con- trol a commercial “ viaduct” from the Atlantic to the Pacific, into which the immense trade of China and other Eastern countries would fall. lord Malmesbury made a pretty full explanation of the Jiddah outrage. He detailed the facts ofthe case, and announced the irritating cause of the mas- sacre as a question about Ottoman and British na- tionality, arising from the seizure of an Indian thip that had hoisted the Turkish flag. He also hinted at an intention of seizing on Mecca in repara- tioa for the outrage. ‘The motion for going into committee on the Jew Relief bill seut frem the Lords was carried by l44 to 40 in the Commons, the final division, as hoped, on this subject. The report of the Select committee of Parliament on the E h Bank acts, one of whose duties was to ingvire into the causes of the recent commercial distress, was issued. It discusses in detail all the questions which agitated the public mind during the critical period of 1867. The conclusion is that the calamities which then occurred cannot be at- tributed to the operation of the act of 1844, bat to excessive speculation and to great abuses of credit. Queen Victoria's vieit to Cherbourg was settled as a fact, and immediate preparations were making in France for the celebration of the royal fetes ordered for the oecasion. ‘The proprietors of the Eastern Steam Navigation Company were in financial difficulties, and acknow- ledged that the mammoth steamer Great Eastern cannot be sent to sea tor want of cash. At a gene- ral meeting # committee was appointed to report on the propriety of re organizing or dissolving the com pany, and on the subject of a sale of the mammoth ship. Lacy Bulwer Lytton had been freed from actual restreint and give: charge to her son and a female friend. The physicians as weil ax her son exonerate Air Edward from blame, but neither of them have pronounced directly as to the sanity or insanity of her ladyship. ‘The Bombay mail had arrived in London with let- | ters dated on 19th of June. Full detaiis are given of the defeat of the Maharajah Scindia, England's powerful ally,at Gwalior. Three handred of his body guard were killed, and his guns all taken, after a splendid charge made by two thousand Sepoy cavalry. He then fled with the bulk of his troops, the others having fraternized with the rebels. Gwalior was, however, subsequently recap- tured by Sir Fingh Rose. General Walpole re- porte his disaster with the death of General Hope, at Fort Rooya,and Sir Hugh Rose records his triumph at Jahnsi, where the insurgent artiliery- men retarned him shot for shot with a precision and energy rarely witnessed; their women working in the batteries and supplying them with ammuni- | tion. Senor Ulloa bad been appointed Director General of the Spanish colonies. Cotton was ratber dall in Liverpool. rather inanimate, at a slight decline. In the London market sugar was in brisk demand, | and pricesa shade higher on the 20th ult. Coffee Flour was was steady Console were quoted in London, on the 23d, at 5g & 95) for money, and 96¢ a 95g for the account. By advices from Java of the Mth of May, we Jearn that the Dutch have taken possession of the Island of Bangkalis, a part of the Siak territory.* On the 8th of February last, the steamer Padang sa- luted the Dutch flag. We publish to-day some very interesting corres. pondence from China. The Mississippi and Minne- fota were at the river Pei-Ho, where our Minister, ‘William B. Reed, and the English, French and Ras | sian Ambassadors bad met prior to proceeding to a | conference with the Commissioners whom the Fin peror of China had appointed to meet them. The | letters of our correspondent will be found fall of in. | teresting matter. By late accounts we learn of the | attack and captore by the French and English of a large fort at the mouth of the Pei-Ho. We have news from Caracas, Venezuela, to the 7th ult. The National Convention assembled on the Bth, and elected Gen. Castro President pro tempore of the republic. Castro received sixty votes, and Gen. Paez fifty. We have Tark’s Island papers to July 17. A heavy rain had taken place at Cockburn harbor, and gome weeks w J have to elapse ere the pans could recover from its effects. Stock, 300,000 bushels; price, S$c. a 9c, The Auguat term of the General Sessions com- mences this morning, Recorder Barnard presiding. The prison calendar is very Jarge this month, 80 that vo bail cases will be tried during the two weeks that the Court is in session. The offenders are charged with burgtary, lexeeny and felonious as- raults, It is to be hoped that the Recorder will ex- ert himself as much av did the City Judge in July to rid the crowded prison—-a consummation devoutly to be wished at the present time, ‘The sicamship North Star, which left port on Saturday for Sovtbhampton and Havre, bat was obliged to anchor at Quarantine, owing to some trouble amovg the crew, took her final departure about half past nine o'clock yesterday forenoon. ‘We eales of cotton on Saiusday embraced about 800 balce, closiwe without charge in quotations. Flour opened ‘witb animation apd at a slight improvement in prices for some descriptions of State and Western brands, but closed lamely. The sales footed up about 17,000 @ 15,009 dbie. ‘Wheat was firm, with sales of a>out 62,000 bushels at prices given in another piace. Corn was firmer aad more Qctive. The sales reached withia the nsighdorhood of ‘about 100,000 bushels at full prices, quality consizeres. Rye was firm and scld at 8(c. Pork was lees Ducyant, with sales of meas at $17 6¢, sod prime at $14 10 a $14 15. Sugars continues firm, with feles of about 2,600 bhds, at fuil prices, The stock amounts to only 20,379 bbds., against $7,931 bhds. at the same time last year; 1,190 bhds. molado against 21,791 last year; 13,833 boxes against 26,473, and 6,500 begs against 34,046 inst year, Coffoo wes firm, but quiet. The stock of Rio was 13,386, and about 85,863 bags of all Kinds. Freight engagements were light rates dull, ‘The chief engegement consisted of 5,600 dbis. flour to Liv. erpocl at 1s. 94. To Antwerp 250 bales of cotton were engaged at 3(4., and some rosin to London at 2s. O4- Charges of Extravaganuce Agninst the Ad- minutration—fhetr Refatation. Politicians who are in the ranks of those op- pored to the present head of the national go- vermment have been charging, in their speeches throughout the couutry, that unwonted extrava- gance has been one of the chief characteristics of Mr. Buchanan's administration, and have al- leged that the expenditures of the current year wilt exceed a hundred millions of dollars. Sena- tor Crittenden particularly bas made himself conspicuous in attempting to cheat the public into this belief. He, as one of those who had to pass upon the appropriations of the last session, ought to have kuown that such a statement was a gross exaggeration. If he did not possess that knowledge before, he can refer to a tabie print- ed with our Warhington correspondence to-day, showing the exact umount of the aggregate ap- propriutions made by Congress at its last ses- sion. Itis an official statement, prepared in the office of the Clerk of the House of Representa- tives, and is of course reliable in every par- ticular. By this it appears that the aggregate amount of definite appropriations made for the current fiscal year was $64,617,762 88; while the indefi- nite appropriations made in the shape of private bille, &ec., are estimated at over three millions to be paid out of the treasury—making the gross amount sixty-eight millions of dollars. That, of course, is exclusive of the revenues of the Post Office Deparument, which now enter into the account ofexpenditures. It is also exclusive of the unexpended balance of sixteen millions remaining over in the treasury from the ap- propriations of the previous fiscal year: but as such unexpended balances usually remuin over at the end of the year, and as that remaining at the end of the year may not materially differ from that amount, it would be evidently im- proper to include it. From the sixty-eight millions, however, so appropriated, must be deducted the following sums voted to tupply deficiencies in the pre vious year, viz.:— General Deficiency bil $9,704,209 89 Printing do. 341,189 58 Inown =. do. sd... 899/595 00 Total ...0eseeeeee seeeeeeseee ces B10,354,00 47 Thus nearly ten anda half millions, applied to the expenditures of the former year, are to be deducted from the grors amount appro- priated ; and thie will leave the sum applicable to the expenses of the current year fifty-eight and a half millions of dollars—a little over one- balf of the sum at which the unscrupulous ene- mies of the administration have set it down. No one who has witnessed or attentively watched the proceedings of last ression can deny that it was the constant effort, on the part of the Executive and the democratic party, to cut down the expenditures to the lowest possible figure, and the equally constant effort on the part of the oppotition to load down the appro- priation bills as beavily as posible. With this undeniable fact before the people, and with the exhibit of fifty-eight millions as the total amount applicable to the expenditures of the current fiscal year, is it not the height of im pudence and folly to be charging the adminis tration with extravagance? It only shows to what bare and desperate means uascrapolous politicians will rerort. INTERRUPTION mun Centra Ammnicay Mais.— Among the many evils resulting from the non-opening of the Transit route there f« one which is past all endurance, but of which the public are probably not familiar. We have reason to know that for a long time past letters to newspapers and to individaals aleo have been opened, used and intercepted at the pleasure of certain parties to and from all parts of Central America and the South Pacific. We do not know whether the United States government have a contract with any company or individual for carrying the Central American mails on either side of the Iethmus. If they have they ought to take measures to puta stop to thie nefarious business at once, and bring the perpe- trators to justice; but if they have not, it fs at lenst the duty of Mr. Hoadley, President of the Panama Railroad, to see that all letters and packages by the steamers belonging to hix com- pany from San Juan del Sur and Realejo to New York are properly protected. that they may reach their destination in safety. or Drevowatic Discovrrestes—We publich this morning © curious correspondence which parsed between the United States Consul at Buenos Ayres, Mr.“W. H. Hudson, and her Britannic Mojesty’s plenopotentisry near the Argentine Confederation. It appeare that the United States Consul paid an official visit of courtesy to the representative of her Britannic Majesty Mr. W. D. Christie, and that personage was not disposed to accept either the virit of the Amo. rican official or the honor‘of his acquaintance, and he told him eo in a very uncivil and ungen- tlemanly manner—the more Fo as the affair took place under his own roof. Mr. Hadeon’s de mand for an explanation and apology was re- ceived by the British diplomat with an affecta tion of fear of personal violence, and an appeal to the government of Buenos Ayres for proteo- tion. Some British officiala are very fond of perading their importance abroad ia a vulgar, impertinent forhion, and Mr one of that class, The Littte Confiaencs Mas of tne Wasnlotor Tabby —What Little Confidsece can be Pleced im bis Testamony One of the Seward organs—the Times—of this | City keeps, or did keep fur some yeare pest, one | of its re.uted proprietors aa a letter writer in Washington who combined the business of a correspondent with that of w lobby agent and of abroker ‘or the sale’ of vows, At the cout mencemest of the sersion before last this littie couficence man felt himself impelled, on account of lobby exposures which were then being made by the Hrraip, to come ont and endeavor to ward off cuspicion from himeelf by eryiag out moet vociferously “stop thief.” He made him self co conspicuous, however, in this ssvumed réle as to attract the notice of an investigat ing committee appointed by the House ot Representatives to examine iato the subject of Congressional corruption, and he was accord: ingly placed on the witness stand befure that committee, to declare under oath all that he kpew on the subject, and to “tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.” Well, when the confidence man of the lobby first appeared before the committer ou the 15th of January, 1857, he waa very p rt and glib, aud prone to be somewhat communicative. For instance, he volunteered this bit of information, without apy inquiry baving been made calculat- ed to draw it out :-— Members of Congress (said he)—more than o04—have come to ms and asked @ privaw totervies, gating that they bai somethiog of importance towaytome * Having ibus evtered into the interview with iaem, mem- fier parc ictiar meneures pues by doer, panding int ia measures y 1. Pan before (he Houre, etating she amounts which thee d: to receive for euca aid ax they enould be adie to give. This bit of information was volunteered, to prove to the committee the strong evidence which this confidence man had that an organi- zation of members of Congress was then exist- ing, or had existed since the. commencement of the previous session, to secure the passage or defeat of bills for money or other consideration. The extract which we have quoted had therefore direct reference to persons who were then mem- bers of Congress. It will be recollected, also, that, on being pressed to give the names of members who had thus engaged him as their broker, Simonton dodged and squirmed, and pleaded moral convictions, and finally was turned over, a8 @ contamacious witness, to the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms, until at levgth, on the 7th of Febraary following, he made this statement: mettre of the prennt Congresn, recy or indreciy, to make any arrangement by which the mevaber wea lo receive apy valuadie consideration for his support of any measure curing the present Congress’ Witness—1 capnod eay, onder oath, that I have, and never bave intended to be understood wo to mean. That answer satisfied the committee that no reliance was to be placed on the statements of such a witness, aud so he was released from custody, having been previously expelled from the floor of the House as a reporter; but Messre. Matteson, Gilbert and Edwards were expelled as unworthy members, or only saved themeelves from expulsion by resiguation. Events, however, have recently come to light which show that not alone in the particular matter referred to above did this vote-broker prevaricate under oath, but that, as concerned his own direct lobby dealings, his testimony wae equally unreliable. We will state briefly the evidence on this head, and ask how It can be explained away. On that same occasion, when Simonton was before the Committee of Investigation for the first time, be affected to be a model of honor and neorruptibility, and in the most approved | Pecksniffian style volunteered the following neat little certificate of his own virtue :— 1 do not know, aa I said before, of my own k: » {hat money has been paid corruptly of been to be paid corruptly; but Iam that the only reason why I ¢o oe eceeeh or ak caaeatte aie tes, ready to avail themselves of such means, to a Stand toast / could be a party to no such transactions. The commitice, however, were not satisfied with this self-whitewashing declaration, but pro- cecded to probe deeper into the matter. In the official report of the examination of this para gon of virtue and honor, we find the following questions and answers :— ou had any personal moasures Low pending, > Deretotore pending defore the present Congress” ( Witoews—I dave Bot aby intorost in any moasuren eat Lefore Copgress, and | have not had any io rest ip any Measures pending before tae Con gress. In ope measure which bas peased the pressnt Cm- rest. J was told by outside parties that if it I receive & ceriais compensation. I have uo legal upon apy such irterest and i never bat fruit of any such loterest. Wy Mr Davis— Can you designate that Wituess—Yes, sir, if the committee desire it the Wieconeln Land bill. I pever expected aay sry euch Dil, ard never asked any, and never bad any de‘cre, althengh the pohey of granting cf the pubic iawds for railroad purposes has always ruppord by me in my Correspondence from the degin- bing, several years ago, These parties, or this raiber— ot a member of Corgress—came to me, an: in iffect—t see you are ie favor of this messure, and that you believe it © be @ just one, I eee it from your corres- pondeste, I ‘ou to reeder us aay personal eer ‘vice that sev cap, in presenting your views indivicually, 1 replied, thal under no ctrowmstances could I receive com pensation for anything that T might write and publish; but < aid thea by persopal eitort in this inatter, 4 to be rght, aad would accept the com: penestion if A was made, That ls (6 whole of It. It will be observed that Simonton’s whole in- terest fn’ thie Winconsin land grant is thas represented by himself to have been that he was told by outside parties that be should receive « certain compentation if the measure passed; that be repudiated being paid for anything he might write or publich, but that he said he would give bie personal influence and accept compenration if it was made. Would any one imagive from this testimony that the witness bad sctually at the time a written contract, tigned by bimeelf on one part avd by N. K. Wheeler, agent of the Chicago, St. Paul and Fond du Lec Railroad Company on the other, turing to Simonton four thourand acres of the lard granted by Congrees, and which contract Fimonton estimated at $410,000" To entertain euch an idea would be to disbelieve the teati- mony of a man of ultra moral convictions, sworn to tell “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the trath.”” And yet strange to say, it turne out that such was actually the case, We find ins pamphlet just printed in Milwaukie, entitled “ Review of the Report made by the Committee of Investigation to the Legislature of Wisconsin, relating to the Land Grant, hy Byron Kilbourn, late President of La Crosse and Milwaukie Railroad Company,” the fol- lowing in relation to the lobby operations of this incorruptible correspondent :— ame time another ciain against th» Chicago 1A Crosas Ovmpany for reporter at Washing ork, ead who wettee Dis correaponience to s paper Pome secrete that bad been oxnfided to him led to the land grant inrestigations in ress, which, among other things, revulted io bis uvo arg ace maa ex puleion by Congress from: his poritim as revorter, Toe claim whiek he brought agatost the La Crosse Company ‘was a written contract signed by bimsei{ on cae part. and by.N. K, Wheeler, agent of the Chicago, &t. Paut and Fed ou Lae Railroad Com pany 00 the ober, stipalating that the latter would convey to the former four ihousan acrow of the land granted by Congrere. provided said company should seoure the title to the e*me fromthe Wiaconeie ia. g@satore. Mr Simontns Tie ‘was for the equal benefit of four parties, 3 fa i 4 ywepaper reon tba! by revealing throug! ‘it happen that he bad i NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 2, 1858. aces, avd presented the contract, which wesread lo ths Dboayd im bis presetoe. Hy then withdrew, and after fuliy copedering and <iscuseicg the subj jan Cirected to inierm Mr, Suncwtoa that tbe comps tued to reo mice bis chain; txal at ho Chiesge Compan - Jo be EP aeE & very expenstr’ weg @ Oroste Comvpacy, Bhd We ebowd hess caved exores for the course waved they pireuco; Cotto semutdipoeium woutd be wo oped the 660 fOr &U Cie OG BIDE CMatrarts, Whe we Lo OFTBIC OE Lael Dera Bate We dhe Bterent O° Bl least one bunéred thr usu a eorea, which would ba vanund over @ MUlkeD Colas; the: we COUld ROL Autor wea of TRCOPLITE o¥Oe HL BMoNL Oo! clei~s ie og ta the jarg® OX{ enGitures Girvacy made te suru the yravt, ko Ar asimple matter of curiosity, ap urt from lis effect om publio morals, we should like w know what explanation can be giver of theae curious contradictions, and bow the eworu tes timony of the lobby broker of che Thicty-fourth Congress cau be reconcilea with the facts so simply and clearly detailed by Mr. Kilbourn If Simonton was merely ‘ told by outvide pac ties” that be would be compensated, bow doce io pocket a contract from a recognized arent of a responetbie com- pany, giving bim a quantity of laud estimated by himself ui $40,000, Acd what beeomes of his other statement, ‘uat he knew of uo money being offercd to be paid corruptly, because it was 0 well understocd that he could be « party to vo such transactions? Wii the iittie Seward organ, of which be is the Wachington represen- tative, wake, or get him to make, some expluna- tion of this, or will he and it be coutent to iet judgment go by default? Tae Nicaragua Traysir Ficut ~w New York. —The contestants for the Nicaragua Transit route grant have been forced at last to transfer their fight from Central America to Warbicgton; and preparations are being made by both parties in this city to proceed to the federal capital ag soon as Mr. Buchanan returas from Bedford Springs, How the fight has éwindled down to only two parties is a mystery to the uninitiated; but it is evident that there are now but two in the field, who marchal their forces respectively under the lead of Gen. Joe White and Commodore Vanderbilt. The for- mer, with the Cass-Yrisarri treaty as their war horee, have established their headquarters at the Metropolitan Hotel; while the latter have Gen. Jerez and the gathering of their followers at the New York Hotel. Each camp has sent out its outrupners and spies, and the quarters of the enemy are closely watched by either party. Both express the utmost confidence that tuey will obtain the victory. What Gen. Jerez’s mission is to be is not yet very clear. Some say tbat he comes to act with Yrisarri, and others that he will supersede that gentleman. In the present juncture, he is a little exercised with doubts as to the recep- tion he will meet with at Washington, and steps have been taken to ascertain the die- position of the government. There are some ugly things to be explained away on the part of his principals—the haggling and bad dispo- sition of his government with regard to the treaty; the cheat put upon Gen, Lamar about ite ratification; the impudent and false declara- tion of Nicaragua and Costa Rica to the Euro- pean cabinets under the guidance of Mons. Bgl- ly, and the violation of Gen. Lamar’s corres- pondence. In regard to the latter point it is asserted that Gen. Jerez can make it clear that the Nicaraguan government officiais did not break the seals. Who did it, then? There is fome mystery here. There is another point that is not coclear. A legal title to the Tran- sit steamers now in Nicaragua certainly rests in some American citizen or citizens; yet no one appears to claim them. How is this? It looks very much as though there is cheating somewhere. But what we want to see is how Gen. Jerez can explain away the studied dis courtesy and insults of his government to this country and to the American Minister in Nica- ragua. Until this is done our government should not receive him; and if it is not done quickly and amply, the sooner he is sent home the better will it be for all parties in the future. Tue Great Screntiric Works or tae Day— TcnnEuLinG tue Aups.—It has long been a question among ecbolars as to whether what we call the progress of the nineteenth century in arts, literature and ecience was not an en- tire fallacy. It has been urged that the groat works of antiquity could never be purraielled, much Ices surpassed, by the savans und mechani- ciens of the present day. Without attempting to say whether we could construct a Colisseum, a Colorsus of Rhodes, or a pyramid of Cheops, we desire to direct attention © some of the great enterprises of the day having for their object the advancement of commerce by the shortening of distances between important points, Take, for example, the accounts which we publish today of the proposed tunnel through tbe Alps, the Leviathan steamship and the Atlantic telegraph. The firet named work has occupied the attention of scientific men for many years, and the amount of patient research and careful inquiry that has been bestowed upon it can be partially understood from the memo- randum read before the French Academy of Sciences, which document we have translated and printed in another place. It is demonstrated now that by the force of compressed air the monarchs of Earopean mountains may be at- tacked, and a gallery eight miles in length Grilled through their centres. This railway tunnel, the greatest work of modern timer, is to be completed in six years; and as the French writer well says, when it is finished there will be no Alpe. The idea is magnificent, and the novel principle of the machines to be used for carrying it out affords a fine study for all who are interested fa the exact sciences. In these practical days who is not eo interested? The mighty Leviathan steamer approximates completion. Ata recent mecting of the com- pany which owns the ship, the directors asked for twenty thousand pounds with which to com. plete her. Should that be raised—and there is no doubt about it from the tone of the merting— we may expect to eee in a short time the trial of an experiment ercond only in mechanical im. portance to the invention of steam itself. Mr. Bravel has attempted to constract @ ship upon #a entirely novel principle—a vessel eix times Jarger than any other ship afloat. if he eue- ceeds the whole rystem of ocean navigation will be changed. Toat ihe Aflentic telegraph, and, indeed, more than one of them will be laid before many years, no one who is at all informed upon the subject entertains a doubt. The great re- enlts of this work ore already familiar to ont readers, It will complete the cordon of intelli- gence between all the great Powers of the Christian world, binéing two bondred millions of people with an electric chain. Other works no less great and important are progressing or projected. Among them we may mention the several British and American rail- weye to connect the Atlantic with the Pacific t; the sh'p canal seross the Isthmus of Nicmagua; (he projected railway upom the same route; the Tehuantepee railway; the Suez canal, which will shorten the distaaer 40 lodia by two thousand leagues, acd the com pletion of which haa been traly called a “triomph of civilization ro less glorious than the discovery of a new world.” Then we have the Eupbrates railway connecting Alexandria with the Persian Gulf, following the course of the historic river threugh countries made ia- mortal by both sacred and profane writers for centariee, Locking at these greal works, the magnifi- cence of which eeems almest beyond human ken, may we vot claim something for the progressive activity, science and perseverance of the working men of the nineteenth century? Moy we not say with Galileo, the world does move, notwithstanding the croaking and doubt- ing of all the old fogies in the universe? The triumphs of mind over matter have only just begun. The peaceful victories achieved by the combiued powers of the man of ecicace aad the man of muscle will blot out forever the great- eet achievements of the men of the sword. ‘Ths Expedition to Paraguay. The President having fally determined to brirg the Paraguay government to account for its attack on the Water Witch, and its unjusti- fable ireatment of American cilizens while en- geged in commercial pursuits in that country, to which they were invited, ia preparing to maintain it by an adequate force. Commander Page, to whose nerve, experience and talent the charge of the squadron is to be committed, has been viciting this eity, Boston and Philadel- phia, to arcertain what eailable craft among the propellers could be obtsined te add to the go- verpment vessels already selected. The neces- sity of some such etep was made known several months age to the Chairman of the Naval Com- mittee of the Senate, the advising official friend ofthe Secretary of the Navy, and offers were then made the department to procure for it these very vessels, and to have them ready in binety days. The offer was unnoticed; and now it is doubtful whether the expedition will get away till fall. The President’s foreign policy bas always been prompt, firm and decided, and it ie a great pity that avy delay should occur in carrying it out. The only two veseels actually selected as yet are the Harrict Lane and the Fulton, and we believe the Arctic. The former isa fine ship, with a noble engine of American design, and the three have been fully described in the HERA. The Fulton is an old steamer, which was cut down, refitted and improved to such a degree that she draws only about nine feet water, and is quite fast. There are no other steamers in the navy of the light draught indispensable for this service. It is, therefore, necessary to re- sort to the commercial marine to make up the deficiency. It will be necessary to employ pro- pellers, for on an ordinary side wheel steamer it is impossible to work effectively a forward and aft pivot gun of much calibre. The wheel houses are in the way. Probably some vessels may be obtained of sufficient strength, but they will re quire a considerable expenditure and some time to get them into proper condition. - As it is, they will be obliged to carry their guns in thei” holds till they reach Buenos Ayres. It is the intention of the President to send out some seven or eight vesscls, mounting ten inch pieces of Duhlgren’s construction. The num- ber of them will be about fifty, and the force of seamen and marines about six hundred. The navigation of the river is one of the chief difficulties to be encountered. Its depth is very much affected by the prevailing winds, The tide riees three or four feet in the Paraguay hundreds of miles from {ts mouth, but is not perceptible in a blow from the northward. The draught of veseels which can safely ascend to Assumpcion should not be over twelve fect, for at the mouth of the Parana where it unites with the Paraguay, just above Corrientes, there is the bar of San Juan with but fifteen or sixteen feet water, which shoals according to the reason or the wind. Vessels drawing over twelve feet rarely get over; no deep channels exist, and the river is wide in proportion to its shal- lowness. Commander Page will, however, take up his light equedron with great facility, for he has sounded every mile of the stream and knows every foot of the way. But what will be the effect of his appearance in the river? Lopez has hitherto considered him. eelf perfectly safe from any attempt on our part. His principal means of defence consist of a fort abont one hundred and fifty miles below Assumpcion; and no serions opposition to the expedition is expected before it reaches this point. A question of etiquette may arise pre- viously at the mouth of the Paruna, where it is customary for veseels entering into his country to salute the Paraguay Admiral. Sbonld the customary salute be withheld, Lopez. who is a thorough Jesuit, would make it an excuse for not receiving our commissioner, and thus gain further time to complicate the existing ques- tions. It is presumed, however, that our squa- dron going up, with the olive branch at its fore- mast, will conform to etiquette, and thus avoid a difficulty of a frivolous nature. Till we come to blows we are bound to be civil. The hundred gun battery is the one where the decisive action will take place. It com- mands the channel, and there the gauntlet mnet be run, With our beavier metal and superior skill, it is believed the contest will not loag be doubtful, although it is understood the enemy's artillery is directed by French officers. The Paraguayan army itcelf is ofno account. It is composed of a race quite indiaposed to war aud unaccustomed to arms. ‘The expedition should artive out at Assampcion as early as November, for after that period the river waters fall, and the navigation for large vesrela becomes more dificult. Lopez under- stands all this, and hopes to profit by it. Our success will, however, almost entirely depend upon the character of the commissioner, He should be no ordinary man, for he isto be placed in a delicate and responsible position, and his conduct will determine the success or faiture of the expedition. The President appreciates the importance of the pesition, and it is hoped will adhere to his expressed determination to give it to the very best man he can find. Our dewands must be eternly insisted on, and our squadron must act effectively. A commis siover might easily defeat, by his negligence, or instability, or want of sagacity, the policy of our government and the plans of Captain Page. We have not had very brilliant negotiators up the Paraguay as yet, and it is time a man of ability was sent to one country, at least, of South America. There is an clement of success at hand which it may become the duty of the commissioner to consider, A strong party of exiled Para- guayare cxlete, whose, headquarters are at Buenos A) ree, determined to revolutiouize their country and restore to it ite frecdom. They ‘im & mortal blow at the deapetism of the Lopez family, and profess te be able to overthrow it with the strength und mesne they have already concentrated. ‘The arri- val of our equadton in the river will pro- bably be the signal for the attempt of these exiles, and if we get to blows, they could operate favorably under the pro- tection of our guns. There is no doubt that five hundred disciplined troops once at Aseumpeion would effect snccessfully an entire change of government. The despotiam of Lopez is felt in every department of trade and buriness, and crushes out every hopeful feeling of the Paraguayan heart. Should Captain Page be unable to obtain the proper kind of veasels he now needs, he will ua- doubtedly purchase brige, fit them to bear heavy batteries and tow them up the river. This alter- native it is to be hoped will not be necessary. Several recent attempts have been made te depreciate the importance of this expedition, and to censure the administration for taking so decided a course with a weaker nation. The conduct of Lopez has not been without vindi- cators in the American presa. But if we are ta suffer indignities from every weak Power be- cauee it is so, we shall be the prey of the meanest of nations. In this case there has been a murderous aseault on an American ves- sel, and the death of one of her crew, and, be- sides this, the tyrannical expulsion of an Ame- rican company and the destruotion of their property to an enormous amount without any justifiable cause. The alarm of Lopez at the course which the President is now taking, is readily seen in the efforts of anonymous correspondents. But the whole sabject was thoroughly examined at the State Department. Lopez is not able to excuse himself. He feared that Amerj- can commerce would liberalize and advance his people, that he would lose the exclusive con- trol he enjoys by his own decrees of the busi- nees of Paraguay. The introduction of ploughs, books, printing presses, cotton cleaniag and weaving machinery, rice hullers, caw mills, and tamples of every useful American fabric or im- plement adapted to improve the condition of the country, was too dangerous to his dynasty. He expelled the company he had invited there, and broke up their thriving establishments by fraud and violence. It is too late in the day to deny this. Whatever follies the former Consul may have committed in the conduct of his buai- ness, are quite extraneous to the real matters ia dispute. We require satisfaction, and we must have it. m A Hicaty Cotorep Jcniex.—To-day all the abolitionists, “white epirits and black, red } spirits and gray,” intend to unite in a song of praise over the downfall of the British colonies in the West Indies, by the emancipation of the negroes once held therein bonds, The “colored citizens” of the State of Massachusetts (they ignore the Dred Scott decision “Down East,’’) are to “convene in mass convention” at New Bedford. The corresponding committee state the object of the convention to be “to protest against the barbarism that oppresees us, the arrogance and the brutality which so infamously ignore our manhood.” They fur- ther say that “the general governmont, a ma- jority of the States and Territories, are growing more malignant against us generally. The present aspect of affairs in this country fur- nishes no grounds of hope, and the future is equally ominous of evil.” There is a great deal of truth in this carious circular; but we must take a different view of it from that which will probably be adopted by the convention. The social condition of the black man here and elsewhere offers a curious philosophical study. For two centuries he has been alternately oppressed, petted, bullied and patronized. Some people have succeeded in raising him toa decent level of intelligence by means of slavery; others have “ameliorated” him back to his native barbarism. In this country the black man is gradually dying out under the influence of free white labor, As « slave he will eventually disappear altogether; , os a free man the taint of blood still adheres to him, and by acknowledging the fact that he needs to be patronized and ameliorated and ‘ sustained he offers the strongest argu- ment in favor of the theory which maintains the inferiority of the African race. The black man, North or South, is in a bad way; but the black man at the North is the more to be pitied of the tro. He ia a Pa- rial even among the men who rave the loudest and the longest abont bis wrongs. He has lately found out the latter circumstance, and so we find him cutting loose from the Garrisonian crew; he intends now to see what he can‘do for himself, With the recent developements at Li- beria and Jamaica in full view, we are afraid there is indeed no hope for the black man, un- lees he returns to first principles, and exerts his = | | energics in fields where free labor cannot com- pete with him. This question—the most im- portant one in the matter, now that the political part of the question is shelved—is not alluded to in the call of the convention at New Bed- ford, or that of the old fashioned Garrisontans, who meet at Milford. We would reepectfully urge it: consideration upon the orators of all colors, News rrow Crwa-We publish to-day reve ral interesting communications from our cor respondent in China. The U. 8, frigates Missis- sippi and Minnesota were off the river Pei-Ho, where our minister, Mr. Reed, Lord Elgin, the — ; British ambassador, Baron Le Gros, the French ambassador, and the representative of Russia, Admiral Count Poutiatin, were all aseembied. The Chinese are represented as on the gui vive, their forts well armed and manned, and their officers keeping a close watch on the Allies. Our officials were received in a friendly manner, and Mr. Reed had been in communication with Pe- kin. The Emperor had consented to send com- missioners to @ conference with the foreign representatives, and they were about to proceed up the river Pei-Ho to a point selected for that purpose. Tur Tereorarn Fixer on rrs Way.—The 1 Atlantic Telegraph squadron is fairly on its way. The ships left Queenstown about day- break on the 18th of July, and on the same morning the Niagara was seen off Cape Clear, and the Agamemnon off Kinsale, a short dis- tance astern. It would be imposible to predict the result of the present attempt to lay the cable; but there feems to be a want of organization in the ar- Tangements on board the Agamemnon which does not augur very favorably for success, The late disaster on board that vessel does not ap- pear to be satisfactorily accounted for by those ia charge. That the cable broke when there