The New York Herald Newspaper, August 1, 1858, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 1, 1658.. NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNET®, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFIOR N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TBRM, cosh én actoance. TAE DAILY HERALD, two conte THE WEEKLY HERALD. every eopy, OF BS per annum; the Bw ‘Baition. #4 Bart of Great Drituia, or 8h to any part of THE FAMILY HERALD, every Wednestay, at four centsper oor, oF $2 por annum ILUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing important nas elietad from ony wart ofthe world; seit ‘be He rally paid for” BQPOUR Fonetas CORRESPONDENTS 4) . SHOULARLY Sequeseen re Meal aii Lerrens anv Packaces 1ST per annum, it viz, conts Per “annum, Td Comeinen, Tus. HO NOTICE taken of anonymous communications, We de ADVERTISEMENTS renewed day; advertisements in- cored im tae Weexcr Beran, Pamir Heeaty, and én the forma end European Editions. Jos PaLNTING executed with neatness, cheapness and des AMUBEMENTS TO. MOSBOW BV ENING. ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteenth street—Guaxn Cow BUSATION OF ARTISTS IN TRAGEDIES, COMEDIFS, &C., POH THE Buverit or tux DRaMaTiC FUND. Ta Poor GENTLEMAN. IBLO’S GARDEN, Broad: OK'S THEATR! 'BPrERS— LOLA MOW’ or Tax BARBUM’S AMERIOAN MUSEUM, Broadway—After- moon and Evening, Macic, Vemrkroquism 4xo Cumtostins BUILDING, 561 and 663 Broadway—Ermorus as oRs, dic —J TM RO JUN. MEOH 4 NT08' HALL, 472 Broadway—Bev. —Necuo Mecopigs ayy Bue: esqces—Bawdust AcKORATS. rawrs’ MINSTRELS New Yerk, Sunday, August 1, 1858, ‘The News. The steamship Vanderbilt is now fully due at this port with European advices to the 21st inst., four days later than accounts previously received. The steamship North Star, which left this port yesterday for Southampton and Havre, anchored at Quarantine in consequence of some difficulty arising among the crew. We have letters from Havana to the 25th ult. Our correspondents state that the American brig Nancy had been discharged of her cargo under the supervision of the Acting Consul of the nited States. Captain Williams, her commander, was still in prison, but he had addressed a note to Mr. Savage, protesting against the violation of the consular seals first placed on the hatches, and declaring that for that reason he would not hold himself responsible tor the safety of the cargo any longer. It is again aid that the Nancy’s hold furnisheg no evidence of slave trading or other illegal pursuits. The memo- rial addressed by Don Miguel de Embil to the Cap- tain General, which it is alleged was waatug in proper respect to that official, is translated in our paper this morning. Don Miguel's troubles in rela- tion to the affair were only commencing. The reports of the Frazer river gold mines, sent from San Francisco for publication in the London Times, ave of the most exciting description. The writer anticipates a rush of emigrants from every quarter of the world, civilized and unchristian, to the new El Dorade. He advises the steamship,ireat Eastern to be immediately sent out to ply as 2 pas- senger and freight vessel from the Panama Isthmus along the Mexican coast to San Francisco, and thence to Vancouver's Island, where he asserts she could easily be docked at points on the coast. The accident which happened to Judge Duer (Chief Justice of the Superior Court), by which his leg was broken, is, we regret to hear, assuming a very serious phase. He now lies dangerously ill at the residence of his son-in-law, on Staten Island, and great feers are entertained as to his ultimate re- covery. According to the report of the City Inspector there were 698 deaths in the city during the past week, an increase of 91 as compared with the mortality of the week previous, 177 more than were recorded im the corresponding week of last year, * and 48 less than occurred daring the corresponding period in 1856. Of the total number of deaths last week 62° were of ten years of age and under, and 67 inmates of the public institutions. The following table shows the number of deaths during the past two weeks among adults and children, distinguishing the sexes: — e Week end.og Week encing July 2... Joly 81...90 7 258 Among the principal causes of death were the fol- | lowing - —— Week ending — FulyA. July 31. a 6 6 | 40 aaSEFoREVets 0 3 deaths of apoplexy, 6 of cholera morbus, © of congestion of the brain, 10 of conges ‘tion of the lungs, 5 of croup, 6 of disease of the heart, 16 of hooping cough, 6 of scrofala, 5 of teething, 4 of smmilpox, 7 premature births, 40 stillborn, and 19 from violent causes, inclading 1 suicide and 7 drowned The following is a classification of the diseases, and the number of deaths in each class of disoase, during the week:— July A Judy 31. 123 2 ae and eruptive fevers u ‘St lborn aad premacure births a Stomach, bowels and other digerti aaa Unoertain seat and general fevers « | ‘The number of deaths, compared with the corres- | ponding weeks in 1856 and 1857, was as follows:— | Week ending Aug. 2, 1886 Week endvog Avg. 1. 1867. Week ending July 2 Week ending July 31, 1858 The nativity table gives States, 70 of Ireland, 33 of Germany, # of England, and the balance of various foreign countries. ‘The annexed table shows the temperature of the atmosphere in this city during the past week, the range of the barometer, the variation of wind cur- rents, and the state of the weather at three periods | during each day, viz.: at 9 A.M.,and 3 and 9 o'clock P.M > 84m ¥ . & | . PRM ARES, Saterday—Clear al) day. nignt, clear Bunday—Ciear and 000i all diay, night clear Monday—Ciear and pleasant all day. night, clear Twesday—Clear Sultry, aiternoon, overcast and | rainy. night, sultry. -—Cloar ail day; night, clear. ‘Thursday—Morning, cloudy, afternoon, ciear night, o'Sriag. Clear (1 M., showers) afternoon, | overcast; hoary showers at 4 o'clock P. M. ‘The sales of cotton yesterday embraced about 690 bales, (oan without change in quotations. Flour opened with Animation and at a sli@et improvement in prices for ome Concriptions of State and Western brands, but closed tamely. The sales footed up about 17,000 a 18,000 bbis. Wheat was firm, with sales of about 62,000 bushels at () cet given in another place, Corn wae firmer and more ‘The wales reached within the meighborhood of ‘ 0) bushels at full prices, quality considered. tnd sold at 806. Pork was lees buoyant, . oom HOLT OO, aad prime mt Fla 10 8 Bid | 15. Sugars continue: firm, with ences at full pres. The steel amounts to only 20,379 hbés., againat 67,981 bade. At the amine time leat year; 1,190 bhds, melaco against 21,701 lat year; 15,833 boxes against 26,473, and 6,500 bags agaizet 34,046 last year. Coffee was firm, but quiet. The stock of Rio was 13,586, and about 36,863 bags of al! kinds. Freight engagements were light and rates dull. ‘The chief engagement consisted of 5,000 bbls. four to Liv- eryool at 1s. 94. To Aatwerp 250 bales of cotton were €ngeged ab 544., and some rosin to London ab 2a. Od- —$—$—_—$—$—$—$———— Gold and tts Werks in the Last Ten Yoars— ‘Tne Good Time Coming. The excitement that has followed the dis- covery of gold at Frazer river promises to open a new source of supply of the measure of values ard the medium of exchange. No bet- ter criterion to judge of the probable effects of these new discoveries can be found than a re- view of the gold fever of eight years ago and the results it has produced. _ At the close of the year 1848 the commercial world was plodding quietly along in its accus- tomed routine. We had just come out of the Mexican war with glory, large profits and a good deal of new territory, England bad got throngh her Irish difficulties, beaten the Sikhs and annexed thePurjab. France had seethed down from the fierce ebullition of the revolu- tion, and had elected Louis Napoleon President of the new republic. Throughout the rest of Europe the popular fires were still blazing: the Empercr of Austria and the King of Sardinis were about resigning, and the Pope was “pre paring to flee from Rome. Koseuth and Maz- zini were in the ascendant, and merchants every- where eaw no proepects of a revival of trade. Suddenly the discovery of gold in California blazed across the earth. Nuggets of immense tize Isy scattered on every side. Princely fortunes could be had simply by picking them up. Men rushed to the new El Dorado with a frensy such as had not been witnessed since the time of Peter the Hermit and the Crusade for the recovery of the Holy Land. Ships and steamers could not be built fast enough to carry the tide of humanity. Every plough, loom and anvil in the world was set at work to eupply the neceseities of the thousands of hopeful millionaires; and commerce every where awoke to new hopes and new life. Soon the returning stream of gold came. Not indeed sufficient to repey all the labor and hopes that had been invested, and thousands were ruined. But yet it came, and poured into the arteries of the world a far larger stream than they bad ever before received. Australia soon followed California, and the river of gold which poured into the channels of circulation was doubled. So much new blood to the social organism gave new life to every enterprise and new energies to every mind. Labors that be- fore were considered beyond the power of the age were now of easy accomplishment. Rail- ways and telegraphs were laid across vast tracts of our own country. and every city in Europe was connected by them. Steam navies were constructed for use which the world had never dreamed of requiring. New empires sprung up on the shores of the Pacific. New pathways were opened for the world’s march. What had before been pronounced the dream of a mad- man was now held to be an immediate necessity, and three sections of the Union disputed for the laying of the first rails which should bind the Pacific to the Atlantic across our continent. Thefever of trade seized upon the world. The supply of gold—$65,000,000 from California, $100,000,000 from Australia, $20,000,000 from Russia and $15,000,000 from other soarces— was not sufficient for its needs. Delirium fol- lowed; great wars broke out, iu which powerful governments spent immense sums; peace and reaction came, and the natural revulsion swept over the commerce of the world. Such is the history of the past ten years; and now commerce finds itself at the end of the de- cade in a position very similar to that in which it was at the close of 1848. Trade everywhere is depressed, consumption languid, and produc- tion without the hope of an immediate and prosperous market. Brft though the position is similar, the elements of future movement are not the some. The mighty creations of the last decade are at hand for coming use. Thousands of miles of railways radiate through the world. Mighty navies ride in its harbors—immense sums of gold are gathered at the centres of trade and lie in unsummed pheape. The stream of supply still continues to pour its two hundred millions of dollars an- nually into there lakes of gold, which before long must break their banks and go forth in life-giving streams. Gold like water breeds death when it is stagnant. And now come the new discoveries at Frazer river te augment the stream of eupply. What the effect of this accumulation and*new discoveries may be in the Old World, we will not stop to inquire. They may start anew the stagnant currents of | trade there, or they may be followed by the bursting of the war clouds which are gathering | over Europe. But bere they are already at work. The floating population of California having gather- | ed the eurface gold there, is leaving the mother veins of the precious ore to be worked by capital and machinery,.and rushing off to the new ecene of the gold fever. San Francisco al- | ready experiences a partial renewal of its by- gone activity, and will doubtless gather the first fruits. The Atlantic ports are waking ap also: transit route speculators have started up with new life, and news from Frazer river is anxiously looked for by all. the far Northwest that feels the most commotion. The head of Lake Superior, which hitherto has been looked upon as the | end, is now the starting point of emigration. The hitherto silent shores of the Red river of the North, Lake Winnepeg, the Saskatchewan river and New Caledonia are to become the scene of a new migration and of a new empire. State making is with us a great branch of busi- ness, and when coupled with gold hunting it gives an immense impulse to trade. Already it is calculated that the territory between the head of Lake Superior and the Pacific will cut up into twelve new States. Innumerable sites for capitals and county sents are preparing for market, and it iscalculated that « million of men can make princely fortunes within five years in the new empire. From these hopes we may look for early re- sults. Trade will revive—slowly at first, but with increasing ratio—and 1859 and “60 pro- mise to be as wild as 1849 and “50 were in ape- culation, New phases in politics must follow. Mexico and Sonora will be forgotten in the new excitement. Niggers will not enter into the new agitation; our progress southward will decline asthe paths of our northern advance are opened. Gold exists in abundance for in- vestment in the new enterprises, and the new movement of population will bring renewed activity to the industrial and commercial world. The demands vpon us, both of the Northwest But it is | ‘mileage to an amount that makes his income | ead of the 6 of the Pacific, are likely to be large this fail, for the preparations for the coming year must be made during the next winter, Though there does not seem to be the same complication f elements that existed pre- vious to the discovery of goid in California, the new discoveries at Frazer river may pro- euce equally great results, not only by in- creasing the supply of gold, but by setting in motion the vast masses of that metal which now lie stagnant, sod by resuscitating the hopes of men, Hope and confidence in consumption are the only things now wauting to start trade everywhere. Ho, then, for Frazer river! Tae Prosyecrs oF THE ATLANTIO TELEGRAPH.— In eli probability the Atlantic telegraph fleet are by this time at the rendezvousin mid-ocean, commencing another attempt to lay the cabie. If they left, as intended, on the 17th ult., they are now on the fourteenth day out from Queens- town. In the last trial the machinery on board the Niagara worked with great perfection, and had everything depended upon that there would bave been no doubt of success, even despite the inclemency of the weather. But the empioy- meat of two vessels undoubtedly increases the risk and doubles the chances against the enter- prise. If the attempt fails now it is not likely that it will be abandoned, or that any other company will undertake it, for the present com- pany, it appears, are determined to prosecute the work under all circumstances till they succeed. They are very wealthy, and ane, be- sides, too well aware of the ultimate profits which must accrue from it. Besides, the New- foundland company have the exclusive right of landing on the shores of that island, Cape Bre- ton, &c., while a new one would be obliged to run the cable from England to France, and through Spain to Flores, and from Flores to Cape Cod, a distance of three thousand miles, and crossing the very worst part of the ocean, according to the diagram of the bottom, which shows high mountain peaks and terribly abrupt declivities all along that line. In all probability they will provide a lighter cable for the next trial—one weighing five hun- dred pounds to the mile—which could be stowed away on one ship. A portion of such a coil has already been manufactured, and will probably form the Atlantic telegraph wire after all. This cable would require new machinery, and might be paid out almost as elack asa log line. Let us suppoze 3,500 or 4,000 miles of such a cable were put on the Leviathan, with proper machinery, and paid out at the rate of ten or twelve miles an hour, the work might be ac- complished in eight days. It may be said that this rate is too rapid; but let us look at it The much greater breadth of beam of the Leviathan (cighty-six feet, we believe), would enable them to make coils of twice the diameter of those on board the Niagara and Agamemnon; and as the diameter of the paying-out wheels could be proportionately increased, the danger from rapid running off would be about the same ason board the Niagara, where the question of danger has never been raised, although the cable has gone out at seven milesan hour. It is very likely that the company will be forced to employ only one ship and this light coil in the end: and if they do, we look upon the chances of success as the best yet Orriciai, Picarses av Wasutscrox.—Some of the Warhington letter writers have been recent- ly exploring the accounts of the last House of Representatives, and have made the interesting discovery that the Sergeant-at-Arms of that body has been made allowances for constructive equal to that of the President of the United | States. Well, there is nothing very novel or startling in that discovery. We foretold, while the session was still young, and while the seve- ral committees of investigation were in full blast, that the allowance of that functionary for subpeenaing witnesses would not fall short of $20,000; and we did so then because we wanted to call the attention of such committees to the subject. But it seems either that our warning fell unheeded on the ears of the chairmen and members of these committees, or that if they re- monstrated with the Committee of Accounts, their remonstrance was disregarded. The Ser- geant-at-Arms has received out of the contin- gent fund of the House allowances which, as we eaw them, and as the correspondents say now, make lis income equal to that of the Pre- sident. The meaus by which this ofcial is able, with- out leaving his snug quarters at the Capitol, to pocket such a handsome sum are these: He is re- quired by the Fort Snelling Investigating Com- mittee, for instance, or by the Judiciary Com- mittee in the matter of the impeachment of Jadge Watrous, of Texas, to subpeena, from time to time, or all at once, a large number of wit- nesses residing in Minnesota or Texas. The law says that he shall be allowed, while absent in the setvice of the House, ten cents per mile for travelling expenses, going and returning. He interprets the law, and apparently succeeds in getting the Committee on Accounts so to in- terpret it also, in such manner as to make it read that he shall receive thie mileage, not for the actual travelling expenses of himself or messenger, but for every single witness tha} he serves with a copy of a subpoena. Thus, if the distance to St. Paul or Pembina, where he is sent to summon witnesses, be assumed to be 4,000 miles, he would be legally and justly en- titled to $600 travelling expenses, at the rate of ten cents per mile. But if he be directed to summon, all at the eame time and place, ten witnesses instead of one, he claims that he is entitled to $6,000 instead of $600. In other words, he charges mileage for every copy of the tubpeena be serves. When scores of witnesses are brought to Waehington, as was the care Inst session, from Texas, Minnesota, Boston and New York, it is easy to calculate what rich pickings the mace bearer in the House of Representatives is in- dulged with, For all this he is subject to no other trouble or expense than despatch- ing the paid messengers of the House to this point or that point to serve a batch of subpoenas, with instractions to remain there till ordered back, so as to be on hand to summon any additional witnesses of whose names they may be advised by tele- graph. Of coufse he pays the actual travelling and other expenses of theee messengers; but they would be fally covered by the single allowance which the law directs to be made. Mr. Gloeebrenner, however, has succeeded in impressing former committees of accounts with the correctness of his interpretation of the law ; and it seems, notwithstanding the publicity given to euch wholesale plundering, that the committee of the last House has not been able to resist the force and cloquence of his rea- soniags. If it is to be glearly understogd that the legitimate official pickings of the post of Ser- geant-at-Arms to the House are worth, on the average, $26,000 a year, we want that fact known to the office seekers throughout the country, so that they may have the chance of contending for the prize. Few of the offices for which our Tammany Hall patriots fight so hard are worth a tithe of that; and we do not ace why, where 60 much is to be gained, some of tbem should aot come into the lists. ‘The Pardening Pewer--Couvicta Discharged or Pasdoned frem Our State Prisons. We bave before us a copy of the State prison reports for 1857, furnished for the office of the Secretary of Btate—a yellow covered document, in keeping eo far with the character of the popular productions of that school. It contains statistics of a very curious nature, arranged in columns and represented in figures, and far- nisbes us with a kind of history of the State convicts of 1857 discharged from prison or par- doned during that year. It is aot difficult, therefore, to deduce some important inferences from the facta it embodies, The number of pri- soners who thus left their prisons, escaped or died, was about 522, of which 31 were females, Of these, 243 were of idle habits at the time of the commission of their offences, and 175 were pursuing their usual employments. Of the re- siduce nothing appears to have been known. Among these convicts 53 were colored persons— more than a tenth of the! whole—99 Irish, 62 Germans, and the remainder Americans and foreigners of other nations. Forty could neither read nor write; the remainder oould do one or the other, and generally both. The of punishment. in most cases, to prevent the com- miseion of fresh crimes by the same individuals, or to change their former habits of life, is appa- rent, from the fact that 195 had been in the State and county prisons before. The par- doning power was freely exercised during that year—twenty-two having been granted just as Governor Clark was going out of office, and seventy-two by Governor King, the present incumbent. The remainder were discharged by the expiration of the terms of their sentences, by death, eecapes (for afew took place), and by occasional reversals of judgment. It appears that about 200 were married, 134 had families of children, and the remainder were single, or widowers—the latter, however, but few in num- ber. Two hundred and thirty-four had one or both parents living, to endure the disgrace and sorrow of having borne such offspring; the rest happily had none to witness their degradation. Iutemperance is evidently one of the greatest sources of crime, More than half the convicts— about 260—are known to have been inebriates; while among the rest a considerable number are set down as belonging te the claes of moderate drinkers. in 1836 the English goverrment re- quired offic'al returns from the offivers of its pricons of the amount of in- struction and the extent of the education of their inmates. It was ascertained there, as well as here, that among those best educated there was the least crime, and the feeling in favor of imparting instruction to the people rapidly in- creased. On the other hand, the French, who preceded the English a little in these inquiries, had nearly come to the conclusion, from the facts adduced by M. Guerry, in his “ Essai sur la Statieque Morale de la France,” that in- struction was unfavorable to innocence—a dogma very agreeable to the established clergy of that country and quite in vogue with some of our own. But it was soon afterwards ascer- tained, by more strict inquiry, that though it was true that in scme departments of France, where there was most education there was most crime, yet that this very criminality existed almost exclusively among the ignorant. With regard to the religious tendencies of these convicts, it is stated that one hundred and twenty-four were Catholics and one hundred and sixty Protestants of various denominations. Among them the Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists and Episcopalians have their share. But it is to be remarked that the returns from the prison at Aubarn are defective in information on the subject of religious instruction. Indeed, it is omitted altogether, for reasons which are not made public in the report. Itis to be presumed that the proportions ascertained at the other two prisons are about the same at Auburn. The greatest numbers of crimes of which these per- sons were convicted were of the class of grand larcenies, amounting to 236, and burglaries 127; assaults to kill about 11, and forgeries 15; coun- terfeiting, rapes, robberies, arson, Xc., in all about 133. From this report we learn some- thing of the respective ages of the convicts; but whether at the time they committed their of- fences, or of the date of the return, is not clear. ly stated, but left to inference. Four hundred and ninety#ix were of and under the age of forty-five, and of these again one hundred and one were twenty-one years and under. But very few old persons are found on the list. The value of the property feloniously taken by these convicts is stated to have been, in round numbers, $70,500; three of the largest separate sums being about $21,000, $14,000 and $10,000—a paltry sum compared with the finan- cial robberies constantly committed in Wall street. A single rogue onthe Stock Exchange has stolen more in one day than these five hun- dred convicts have in all their lives, and many, very many of them have gone unwhipped of justice. But in Huntington's case the amount of his operations was estimated at $400,000. Thie eum, it will be seen, is not included in the above estimate. Prisons are made only for ermal! rascals and those who cannot fee their lawyers. It takes three trials in New York to convict a man of murder, while ourState pri- sone contain men who have stolen as little as one dollar. In looking over this report we perceive the arrangement of the columns is somewhat con- fused, and the entries sometimes contradict each other. For example, at page five, in the column headed “Degree of Instruction,” there are forty-two entered who can “read and write.” On the next page, in the same return, there are forty-eight. Such inacouracies lend to enspicions of the correctness of other parts of the document. The yearly average of the number of con- victs in our State prisonsis 1,728, with a yearly average of increase for the seven years ending im 1854 of ix. "the ei ct criminals after one impri- sonment to commit offences again and again, without apparent dread of punishment, has led to the inquiry whether Congress could not autho- rize the States to form penal settlements out of the country to which criminals might be trans- ported and got rid of as fast me they are con- victed. At present they are bold and rampant, and defy alike jadges and juries; and the splen- did palaces called State Prisons are rather at- tractive to wany of the rascals of this fast age Of the population of this State the tast cea- ens shows that twenty per cent consists of foreigners, and of aboat half a million of voters more than thirty per cent of naturalized citizens; and thus we cau approximate the ¢x- tent of crime committed by the native and foreign population of this State. It is ia favor of the American population in about the ratio of five te one. This is not surprising when we consider the deliberate attempts made by some European governments to transport their criminals to the United States, and the hosts of French and English defanlters, pickpockets and burglars that come here to escape the vengeance of the laws of their own country. We observe in a large number of convicts a coa- tinued disposition to outrage the laws by tae repetition of serious offences—a fact sustained also by the statements made in our crimi- nal reports of this city, that offenders continue their evil courses after they have been many times sent to the Islands or the Tombs. We also find that among these wretched criminals there is not one single “well educated” per- son, and but one who made any pretensions to a knowledge of the classics. This was James G. Nesbit, a lawyer by profession, residing in Tompkins county, who employed his leisure in forging pension papers and cheating the gov- ernment, We also find but one “gentleman” on the list, and he amused himself with forgery also, though of a different character. With the exception in Mr. Nesbit’s case, the document isa remarkable illustration of themoral effect of a good education. Of all these convicts in our own prisons but one had been a student of the classics. We have here a complete vindication of their utility aa a branch of education. It has been the fashion among a certain class of philosophers of the so-called practical school, to oppose the study of the dead languages and the literature and history of the Greeks and Romans in our educational institutions ; but there is no doubt whatever that it has a power- ful effect on the minds of the young, presenting them in a clear and impressive form some of the loftiest, noblest, manliest and most patriotic ac- tions of the human race. The scholar familiar with the lines of Homer or Virgil, the elo- quence of Demosthenes and Cicero, who can follow with interest the reasoning of Plato, or appreciate the wonderful learning of Aristotle, will not be likely to appear before our city judges as a pickpocket or a burglar. Let us, therefore, cherish the study of the classics in our institutions of learning as a moral means of elevating and purifying the character of our young men. The pardoning power seems to be exercised with more liberality than discretion. The im- mediate if not final escape of criminals from the hands of justice Gas undoubtedly led to the continuation of thy@Pimes which are now the terror of the comffunity, and which our pre- sent system seems inadequate to repress. THE LATEST NEWS. Our Special W aabington Despatch. THE SALR OF THE HUDSON BAY COMPANY'S PRO- PERTY IN OREGON TO THE GOVERNMENT—THE PARAGUAY MIS6ION—WHAT WILL GEN. JEREZ DO? Wasarnoron, July 31, 1868. The Hudson’s Bay Company are now anxious, seems, to negotiate with our government for a sale of their trading posts in Oregon and Washington Territories, together with their possessory rights, in cluding those of the Puget’s Sound Agricultural Company. There is said to be large numbers of horses, cattle and sheep to be included in this sale. Before our government pays, or agrees to pay, six hundred thousand dollars for the above, it is to be hoped they will thoroughly investigate the whole affair. [ have learned from parties who have some knowledge as to the value and condition of the pro- perty proposed to be turned over to the United States by these two companies certain important facts. There are ten or twelve of what were called forts or trading posts within the two Territories, all of which are old, and in a dilapidated state. The lands on which these posts are located are claimed ander the Oregon land law of 1848 by persons claiming to be citizens of the United States, all of whom are, or have been, factors, clerks or servants of the com: pany. Therefore, neither the old buildings nor the lands they stand on can be conveyed to the United States by these companies, and the trade now carried on in the name of the Hudson's Bay Company at the posts in question will be continued so tong as it is profita- bie, with or without some other name. Then, if the trade may be continued at the same posts by those claiming to be citizens of the United States, what do we get for the $600,000? The surrender on the part of the company of the right to navigate the Columbia river, and no more—a very unprofitable right it would be. As to the large numbers of horses, cattle and sheep to be turned over to our go- vernment in this trade, it would amount to about as much as it would to buy of the company the salmon running in the Columbia river, Some years ago this same question was agitated: and when an agent of the United States inquired of Governor Ogden, then President of the Hudson's Bay Company, as to the cattle, he said that the com- pany ought to own a large number of them in the woods somewhere—that is, if the Indians had not kill- ed them all off. There is “a nigger in the fence” in connection with this proposed sale. It is not likely that Governor Stevens, of Washington Territory, recommends the purchase as reported, because a few years age, I am informed, he was of opinion that our government ought not to pay anything for the rights of the company. The Navy Department is making all possible pro gress for sending a suitable fleet of vessels to Para, guay. There seems to be almost as much difficulty with the President and at the State Department in selecting a suitable person as Commissioner as there is to find proper vessels. The administration appre. ciates fully the importance of the mission. It re- quires a man of practical, statesmanlike views, firmness of character, with gentlemanly snavity of manners, and who can converse well—not merely transiate—the Spanish language. It is expected that General Jerez, who has not yet arrived in Washington, has been invested with full powers to treat definitely on the Cass-Yrisarri treaty If he be not he had better remain away, as the ad ministration will certainly not enter again into a negotiation for the sake of killing time and to be again hambugged by reference to the miserable and ephemeral governments of Nicaragua. THR GENERAL NEWSPAPER DeePATCH Wasainoton, July 31, 1858. Doctor Forney, Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Utah, informs the Interior Department that the fifteen children belonging to the train of emigrants who were murdered at Sweet Water had been found and ransomed by the whites from the Indians. Barly in Jane four Germans were murdered eighty miles from Salt Lake City, supposed by Indians, who, it was reported, were creating difficulties on the southern route to California. Dr. Forney in- tended visiting them with a view to their pacifica- tion. ‘The North American Outward Bound, Mowraaat, July 31, 1858. The steamer North American sailed from Quebec at 10 o'clock this morning for Liverpool, with 57 Gabin agd 152 steerage passeugers ‘The Weather at Newfoundland. Sr. Jouns, N.F., July 13— P.M. ‘The weather haa been quite foggy for several dayw past, but is now clear. A large two-masted side- wheel steamer passed Cape Race about noon, just a6 the fog was clearing away, supposed to be the steamer Vanderbilt. ‘Whe Ministerial Crisis in Canate. Tozonto, July 30, 1858, George Brown, the leader of the opposition, was yesterday entrusted by the Governor General with the formation of a new Ministry, but has not yet succeeded in completing that important duty. The House met this afternoon, when a further ad- journment until next Monday was asked for, in order to allow Mr. Brown more time to accomplish his task. Great excitement prevails in our political circles. Toxonro—8 P.M. Mr. Brown has succeeded in forming a Government Cabinet, and the announcement of the same will be made on Monday. Arztval of Licutesant Ives at Fort Leavea- worth. 8r. Louis, July 31, 1858. We have Leavenworth dates of the 28th ult., per United States express to Booneville on the let. A portion of the expedition of Lieutenant Ives, which has been engaged in a survey of the Colorado river, has returned to Fort Leavenworth from Cali- fornia, via New Mexico. © tt Tipton, of the Third artillery, and Captain Gibbs, of the Mounted Rifles, accompanied the party. The steamer Mink has just returned from Fort Randall, having landed the detachment of the Second infantry there. There was no news at the post, ‘The Burning of the Whale Ship Cortez. Boston, July 31, 1858. The whale ship Herald, at New Bedford, brought as passenger Capt. Lakeman, late of the ship Cortez, before reported burnt atsea. Also, the third and fourth mates and two seamen, charged with setting fire to the Cortez. They were brought to this city this mortfing by the United States Marshal. Twe witnesses also arrived in the same ship. Markets, PHILADELPHIA STOCK BOARD, Btooks stead: tvania Staia O's) 8B ending 7. van! 'By ; alread, 25:77 Moris Casal, 43; Long Island ‘Rairead, 1234; Pennsylvania Railroad, 41%. quiet and unchanged. Wheat five, and pri 4 ani 8 held at higher rates: prime white, 31 s5081 50. Corn—Saies of white at Sic. a S5c.; and yellow, 9c. a9Ic. m, 06 26'sc. a 270. Provisions buoys dvancing tendency. Bacon—Shoulders, ‘c. Tic.; sider, 9c.a9\%c. Buik shoulders, 6c. ; sides, Mess pork, $17 75. Lard, lsc. Parapenrata, July 31, 1368. Flour unchanged. Wheat scarce at $i 25 a $1 36 for white, aud $1 18 $1 20 for red. Corn ecarcoand waat- ed at 86, a 920, Provisions duil but frm, —— Our Nebraska Correspondence. Fowteveiia, Dooce County, N. T., July 7, 1858. Fourth ef July cn the Frontier—Colomel Kame, aa the Mor- mons Understand Him—The September Land Sales in Nebraska—The Coming Flections for Members of the Ter ritorial Assembly—General News, dc. ‘The anniversary of our nation’s independence passed off away out West hereas quietly and respectably as any other day. The decidedly “tight times’ tm the financial world found but few “tight ones” in Nebraska; and, indeed, cele- brations of a patriotic character were but poorly attended to anywhere in the West, compared with previous years. We could not afford it At Saratoga—a thriving town be- tween Florence and Omaha City, in Dougias comnty—a very respectable celebration was bad. Your corres- pondent was not there, though kindly tovited by one of the managers. Speeches, orations, &c., were the order ofthe day. At several other places—Nebraska City, Hike Horn City, &c —celebrations were bad; there was act the interest manifested or the ordinary routine of affairs gone through with that usually characterizes Fourth of Julys upon the frontier, for, as I said before, we could aot aiford tt. Siwce my last week's letter to the Hearn! have ‘a talk with some intelligest Mormons concerning may have carried out a formal letter of introduction te ‘all whom it may concern” from Presideut Buchanan, that his visit or ‘was pot so much ordered or urged the Presidsot aah was by Mr, Dernbises, MS . 8 a pier til a i fe be Fy i s 5 Hail ies Lath capital de. Gire to invest their @urplua meana in as cooice, beautiful and fertile lands as the sun ever sloae upon; and ast , Dubactaal settlers, who secure by their pre-emption rights fie tracts of 180 acres each for homes and farms. 4 large majority—indeed, I may safely say three fourths of eetilers—are uopre pared to enter their 160 acre homestead to-day, and wil eet ee ae ee Th brn ‘$2 acres in their claim. One half of this, if not the whole, will from necosaity The on for members of our Territorial ; oly comes off im A’ ana we have many quea tons I foer i i iy i gies! efivesafi i and of a practical rather than visiona mine, itr EE ay ‘and forcible writer for the mente to corr 4 sence, and will likewise be the editer o” the Aracua Mei genger.— Cingiomant Commer cred, Saty & iH 2 i i