The New York Herald Newspaper, January 8, 1858, Page 1

! “lery reported a joint resolution authorizing certain officers jattorney of New York. jupecch in opposition, and was fol'owed by Messrs. Doolittle, Oridenden and Pearce. Mr. Pearce meved to lay it on of the President on Nica- ragua Affairs, CONDUCT OF COMMODORE PAULDING JUSTIFIED, Debate in the Senate on Filibusterism. Array of Democratic inst the President's Views. Thayer's Schemes for Americanizing Cen- , tral America. errr of Mr. Sedgwick to the At cworhip ef met York Ooatraal. _ MIPORTANT NEWS FROM KANEiS, The Lecompton Constitution Adopted by a a= Majority of the Voters of Kanses, &o., a, ade. Affaire at the National Capttal. "ROCKBD:NGS IN CONGRESS—TBRE COLT PATENT UP AGAIN—DEBATE ON THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE ON NICAHAGUA APFAIRS—OONPIRMATION OP MR. GEDGWICK AS DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF NBW YORK-—- & NEW MINISTER 70 GUATEMALA, BTC. . Wasmmeron, Jan. 7, 1858, ® the Senate to-day Mr. Hammond, Senator from South farolima, appeared, was qualified, and took hissest. Mr. 3eward presented a petition from citizens of Canantaigua, Ben York, for the extinguishment of slavery by compen- sation to slave owners for the value of their slaves, A sesolution was adopted calling for all correspondence in _ posession of the government of Robert McLane and Com- jioner Parker relative to Caina affairs. Also for copies the correspondence of our Minieters at Pngland, France, zerland and other Powers, on the subjectof dangers emigrants arising from the practice of contracting with sponsible partios for their passage tickets. Mr. Mal- and men engaged in the Sir John Franklin searching expe- @ien to receive medals presented by Great Britain. Mr. Deron presented a petition from Samuel Gols asking Yr an extension of his patent. The petition is quite lengthy, and urges many reasons why it should be grant- jed, and among them that when he first obtained the (potent be was obliged to assign it te others and never had ibe beneilt of it himself. | Abone o'clock the Senate went into executive session ‘and took up the confirmation of Mr. Sedgwi'k as District Mr. Seward made a lengthy the table, and it was lost by a vote of twenty-six to twenty cight, Messrs. Douglas, Broderick, Pearce and (rittepdem voting with the republicans. A move was “en made to confirm it, which was carried by a vote of wwenty-cight to twenty-four. Thua were the opposition fefled, and the administration triumphed after a desperate straggtc on the part of the opporition to defeat it. ‘The President's Message upon Nicaragua was then re- eeived and read. Mr. Davia, of Mississippi, dissentod from the views of the President: Mr. Mason was not | ready to give his opinion upon this subject. He believed | i was the duty of the President to carry out the neutrality ays to tho letter. Mr. Crittenden did not oppose the wiews of the President. Mr. Brown, of Missicsippi, expreased his disapprobetion of the President's Message md Com. Paulding’s course in strong language. Mr. Beward scwtained the President and Paulding's course. | Mr. Toombs nimde a violent speech against the Message aad devounced Paulding Mr. Douglas wok the same view as Mr. Toombs. ‘The debate was kept up until 7 o’clock. A good deal of | feeling and considerable excitement was manifested at ) tes. The debate will be resumed on Monday next. lm the House nothing of special interest occurred. Gen. Seott is busily engaged with the Secretary of War im arranging the campaign against the Mormons to be ebmmenced in the spring. Orders are issued and will be despatched immediately for the First cavalry and the faxth infantry, pow in Kansas, and tho Seventh infantry, now in Texas, to hold themselves im readiness to marsh Dy the first of April to reinforce the army in Utah. Troope | trem the Pacific side will also be ordered. The War De. | partment has determined on sending immediately large reinforcements to the army now serving in Utah. Thie | serce will concist of four full regiments, which will bo compored of both cavalry and infantry, with two light battorios of artillery, It is expected they will concentrate at Fort Leavenworth and take up their line of march at an early day. Mr. Clark, of Kentucky, was nominated to.day as Minis- fer to Guatemala. The Conaulir appointments are under consideration. MW. Clifford's nomination to the Supreme Court has been reported back to the Senate by the committee, but no ection had. ~ Geweral Walker anticipated no reply to his letter to tho President, but will present bis claims to Congrera. Mr. Mallory’s resolution yesterday to continue fora ffow months longer the Naval Courts of Inquiry was in- )} tended for the protection of some gentlemen who have mot had justice done them, and whose cases may again be referred to thove courts. ‘Mins Lano’s first levoe takes place on Saturday next. ‘There was po news of interest by the last steamer for ‘any of the Foreign Logations hero. General Robles is expecting important telegrapic despatches on the 11th instant. THR GENERAL NEWEPAPER DEFPATCH. ‘Wasmveron, Jan. 7, 1858, Reliable information has reached here that nearly or qmite seven thousand votes were cast upon the Tecomp- ton constitution on the 2st ultimo, which is believed to be a majority of the whole number of votes in Kansas. A portion of the free State men have nominated a State ticket, and were expected to participate in the election on the 4th instant. Their programme is to elect men pladgod to change the constitution, not destroy it. Mr, Caihoun, the President of the Lecompten Convention, would not open the voter on the constitution until after the election @@ the 4th of January. This news is regardod in polttical circles ax highly favorable to the speedy sottloment of the Kansas qnestion by the action of the people of Kanaag @emecives. ‘The Senate to-day, in Executive session, confirmed! the memination of Theodore Sedgwick as District Attorney of Now York in place of John McKeon, removed. was twonty cight to twenty five. ‘The (ollowing were also confirmed:—Beverly L. Clarke, of Kentucky, a8 Minister to Guatemala; K. B. J. Inman aa Consul to Vera Craz, and Thomas B. Stephonson as Judge af New Mexico. THIRTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. FIRST SRASTON, Wasminerow, Jan. 7, 1868, {EH EMANCIPATION OF FLAVIN BY COMPENRATING THEIR MAS. ‘TERS. Mr. Hasnrorp, Senator from South Carolina, in place of Mr. Rutler, deceased, took hia seat. Mr. Srwarn, (opp.) of N. Y., presented a petition from ‘the citizens of Canandaigua, N. Y., praying for the adop tion of some practical meaeure by which the peoplo of the orth may co-operate with the people of the South in the extinguiehment of slavery, by making fair and honorable @ompenration to slave owners for the full value of their slaves, Tho petition was ordered to lay on the table. PROTECTION OF RMIORANTR. On motion of Mr. Kine, (opp.) of N. ¥., 0 rasolwtion was adopted requesting the Provident to furnish, if not ap fh a LL Goerts of Rugiend and’ France, cad cthec renee ot be gabject of tho dangers to emi is arising from con. tracting with irresponsible parties for their inland pas- mage. ‘OTR RELABONS WITH CHiN a, On motion of Mr. Foot, (opp.) of Vt.,a resolution waa fed calling on the President to communicate all the al correspondence of Robert Melane and Potor Parker, late Commissioners in China, with the state Do. partment. PAY OF UNITED STATES OPFTCIATS IN JAPAN. On motion of Mr, Gwix, (adm.) of Cal., the Commitee IMPORTANT FROM WASHINGTON. | Sipodiesc cr mane were instructed to inquire into the an appr by law for the to our wary to the em- Pog n, and for the other officers of the United government in Japan. ‘The Private Secretary of the President here entered the Senate chamber, and delivered the following:— MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ON NICA- RAGUAN AFFAIRS. In submitting to the Senate the papers for which they have called, I deery it proper to make a few observations. wm capturing Gen. Walker and his command, after they had landed on the soil of Nicaragua, Commodore Paulding has, m my opinion, committed a grave crror. It is quite evident, bowever, from the communications herewith transmitted, that this was done from pure and patriotic motives, and in sincere conviction that he was promoting the interests and vindicating the honor of his country. In regard to Nicaragua, she has gustainei n° injuntice by the ace of Commodore Paulding, This ha enured toher benefit, and relieved her froma dreaded invasion. She alone would have any right to complain o° the violation of her territory, and it is quite certain that ‘ghe will never exercise this right. It unquestionably does net belong to her invaders to complain in her namo. fhe has been rescued by Commodore Paulding from their assaults. The crror of this gallant officer consists im exceeding his instructions and landing his sailors and marines in Nicaragua, whether with or without ber consent, for the purpose of making war upop any military force whatever, which he might find in the country, no matter from whence they came. This power certainly did not belong to him; obe- dience to law and conformity to instructions are the best guides for all officers, civil and military, and wheu they transcend these limits and act upon their own personal responsibility, evil consequences almost inevitably fol- tow. Under these clroumstances, when Marshal Ryn- dors presented himself at the State Department on the 20th ult., with Gen. Walker in custoly, the Secretary in- formed bim thas the Executive Department of the go vernment did not recognise Gen. Walker as prisoner. ‘That it had no directions to give conceruing him, and that it was only threngh the action of the judiciary ho could be lawfully held in custody to answer any chargos that might be brought against him. In thus far disap- proving the conduct of Commodore Paulding, no inference must be drawn that Tam less determined thmn I have ever been to execute the neutrality laws of the Uniged States. ‘This is my imperative duty, and I shall contique to per- form it by all the means which the constitution and laws bave placed in my power. My opinion of the value and importacce of these laws corresponds entirely with that expressed by Mr. Monroe in his mossago te Congress of December 7, 1809, That wige, prudent and patriotic statesman says, it is of the highest impor. tanee to our national character and indispensable to the morality of our citizens that all violations ef our neutral- ity should be prevented; no door shduld be lett open for the evasion of our laws; no opportunity afforded to any who may be disposed to take advantago of it to compro: mise the interest or bonor of the nation: The crime of setting on foot or providing the means for military expe- ditions within the United States to make war against & foreign State with which we are at perce, is one of an aggravated and dangerous character, and early en- aged the attention of Congress. Whether the Executive possesses any or what power under the constitution, inde. pendently of Congress, to prevent or punish, this and sim- ilar offences against the law of nations was a subject which engaged the attention of our most eminent states- ‘men in the time of the administration of Gen. Washington, and on the occasion of the French Revolution, The act of Congress of 6tb Juno, 1794, fortunately removed ali tho difficnities on this question which had theretofore existed, The Sth and 7th sections of this act, which elate to the present question are the same in substance with the 6th and Sth sections of the act of April 20, 1818, which have now been in force for a period of more than sixty years. The military expedition rendered criminal dy the act must have its origin—must begin or be vet om foot in the United States—but the great object of tho law was to save foreign States with whom we were at poace from the ravages of these lawless expeditions proceeding from our shores. The 7th section alone, therefore, which simply defines crime and its punishment fully, have been inadequate to accomplish this pur- pore and enforce our international duties, In order to render the law effectual, it was necessary to prevent the carrying on of such expeditions to their con- summation after thoy had succeeded in leavin, our shores. This has been done effectually, amd in clear and explicit language, by the authority given to the President under the Sth section of the act to employ the land and naval forces of the United States for the parpose of preventing the carrying on of any such expedition or enterprise from the territory or jurisdiction of the United Siates, against the territory or domain of any foreign Prince or State, or of any colony, district, or people with whem the United States are at peace. For these reasons, had Com- modore Paulding mtercopted the steamer Fashion with General Walker and his command on board at any period before they entered the port of Ban Juan do Nicaragua, and conducted them back to Mobile, this would have pre- vented them from carrying on the expedition, and have been not only a justifiable, but a praiseworthy act. This well deserves the severe punishment inflicted upon it by our laws. It violqtes the principles of Christianity, mo- rality and humanity, held sacred by all civilizedynations, and by none more than by the people of the United States. Disguise it as we may, such a military expedition ie an invitation to reckless and lawless men to enliat under the banner of any adventurer to rob, plunder and murder the unoffending citizens of neighboring States, who have never dene them harm. It is usurpation of the war making power, which belongs alono to Congress. The govern- ment iteel—at Jeast in thejestimation of the world—be- comes an accomplice in the commission of this crime, un- Jess it adopts all he moans necessary fo prevent and punish it, It would be far better, and more in accordance with the bold and manly epirit of our countrymen for the government itself to get up such expeditions, than to allow thom to proceed under the command of itresponsi- Die adventurers. We could then at least exorcive some coptrol over our own agents, and prevent them from burn- ing down « ities, and committing other acts of enormity of which wo have read. The avowed principle which lies at the foundation of the law of nations is the divine com. mand that ‘all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so unto them.” Tried by this unerring rule, we should be severely condemned If ‘we shall not use our best exertions to arrest such expedi- tions against our feeble sister republic of Nicaragua. One thing te very certain, that a people never existed who would sooner call any other nation to a stricter ao- count than we should ourgelvea for tolerating law- lees expeditions from their shores to make war upon any portion of our territories, By tolerat- ing euch expeditions, we shall soog lose the high character which we lave enjoyed ever since the days of Washington, for a faithfwl performance of our international obligations and duties, and inspire distrust against us among the members of the great family of civilized nations. But if motives of duty were ‘Rot suftvent to restrain us from engaging in such lawless entorprives, our evident interest ought to dictate this policy. These expeditions are the most effectual mode of retarding American progress, although to promote this is the avowed object of the leaders and contributors in euch Undertakings. It @ beyond question the destiny of our Faco to spread thomselves over the continent of North America, and this at no distant day, ehould eventa be per- Mitted to take their own natural course. ‘The tide of emigration will flow to the Sovth, and nothing ean eventually arrest its progress. If permitted to go there peacefully, Central America will som contain an American Population, which will confer Messing: and benefids as inet upen the natives as their respective goreri mente; and Hiberty under the restraint of law will preserve domestic peace, while the different transit routes across the Isthutigy in which we are so deeply interestel, will have cammered protection. Nothing bas retarded this happy con- dition of affairs 80 much as the unlawful expedi- tions which bave been fitted out in tho United States to make war upon Central American States, Fad one-half of the number of American citivena who have miserably perished in the firet disastrous ex. pedition of General Walker, settled in Nicaragua aa peace ful omigrante, the object which we all desire would ere this have been ina great degree accomplished. These expedition#® have caused the people of the Central Ameri can States to regard us with dread and smepicion, Tt is our policy to remove this apprehension and con. vinee them that we intend to do them good, and not evil. We desire, as the leading Power on thie con tinent, te open and, if neod be, to prowet every tran MORNING EDITION—FRIBAY, JANUARY 8, 1858. st route across the Isthmus, not only for our own benefit, but for that of the work, and thus open a free access to Central America, and through it to our Pacific . possessions. This policy was com- menced under favorable auspices, when the expe- dhiion under the @ormmand of General Walkor os- caped from our territories, and proceeded to Punta Arenas. Should apother expedition of @ siml- dar character again evade the vigilance of our off- cers and proceéd to Nicaragua. This would be fatal at least for a season to the peaceful settlement of these countries and to the policy of American pro- gress. The truth is that no administration can suc. cessfully conducted the foreign affairs of the country, im Centrai America or elsewhere, if it is to be interfered with at overy step by lawless military expeditions set on foot in the United States. JAMES BUCHANAN, Wasmnoron, January 7. n Accompanying the documents, many of which @ro already published, is a letter from the Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Almy, of the steamer Fulton, dated October 12th last, in which he tells act or upon mere suspicion, where he found an American vessel manifestty engaged in expedition or enterprise from the terri- tories or jurisdiction of the United States against Mexico, Nicaragua or Costa Rica, he will use the force under his command to prevent it, not permit the men or arms engaged in it or destined for it to be landed in any part of Central America or Mexico, Similar instructions were sent to Commodore Pauld- ing, who, in a letter from Aspinwall, dated October 20, complained to the Secretary of the Navy of his having entrusted Lieutenant Almy with the execution of the orders independently of himself, adding that he felt that his prerogative as Commander-in-Chief of the squadron was turned aside with but little consideration, and that bis presence at Aspinwall could have but a slight appreciation. Seeretary Toucey replies that he hail a right, under the instructions of the President, to order the Fulton on buai- ness of which Commodore Paulding could not have the slightest knowledge. Mr. Mason, (adm.) of Va., moved tho reference of the message to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and that it be printed, together with the accompanying doca- ments. The motion was agreed to. Mr Davis, (adm ) of Miss.. dissented from the argu- ments contained ip the message. Tho President had assumed that the neutrality laws which required that such ¢xpeditions as this should be suppressed, also con- ferred upon the Executive thé power to go beyond the ju Tisdiction of the United States to suppress them, This seemed to be the key to the policy on the part of the ad- ministration, which sent te navy down to the coastof Central America instead of siationmg the vessels where they sbould have been stationed, namely—at the mouth of the Mississippi and on the coast of Alabama. Were this expedition all that it is described to be, it is only a misdemeanor instead of a violation of the neutrality law. suspicion that there was an intent to make war against a nation with which we are at peace, would have justified the detention of General Walker and bis men within the limits of the United States, but not their arrest beyond our own limits. As we have no extradition treaty with Nicaragua, they could not have lawfully been taken upon ber soil, even had they been fugitives from justice. The President has no more power to make such arrests than any member of Congress. If our neighbors are too weak to protect themselves, we should use all lawful means to protect our citizens from invading their territory, but it ix not within the theory of our government to fit out expeditions to catch half a dozen or a dozen, or one or two hundred men who may choose to leave the United States and land upon their shores. In this respect he thought we were making @ great’ depar- ture from thoze principles which heretofore guided the conduct of our government. If it be the pleasure of Coo- gress to give the President police power over the high seas, and authorize bim to use the army and navy asa constabulary force, let it be done by the passage of laws with that view. Mr. Mason doubted the ¢: ieney of discussing the subject without more mature deliberation. The Prosident was, by the eonstitation, the head of the army and navy, and the laws of the land direct how these are to be used. He contented bimeelf with the remark that it was clearly incumbent op the President to see that the neutrality laws were faithfully executed. Mr. Currresvey, (opp.) of Ky., referred tw the Presi- dent’s admission that Commodore gross error. Accs clusion was altogether illogical, and the conduct of Pauld- ing was as copformable to law as if he had received ex- press to do what he did. Mr. Brown, cage eg Miss., regarded it a3 a little sin- gular that while President disapproved of the. arrest of General Walker, he at the same time excused that act. Tho arrest of Walker was in violation of law, for if Paulding bad the right to make the arrest his condnet is not oly to be excused, butto be applauded. If he had no legal to do that aet, then the President owes it to the of the country to con. demo it, If Walker was guilty of any violation of law, i i g x, 8 1 in the hands of the Marshal there, then brought here and delivered to the Executive, and then set at liberty? Why ‘was he not carried back to Loniaiana by the same antho- rity that arrested bim, and thero upon bis trial on this charge of violating the law? was a fares being played out before the American , Which was dis reputable (o all engaged in it. bad been tramped I charge against Walker. when it was known duty im not punishing him for it. The jae oe in violation of the neutrality laws was one thing, at the voluntary @ ofa citizen was an altogether different thing. alker went to Nicaragua avowing that it was bis purpose to endeavor to regain the rights of which ‘deen dispossessed, be did no more be had a right@o do. He (! n) had a right to take his musket upon his shoulder go and tell the Presidont, Secretary of War and District Atorneys aud Marshals everywhere, that be meant to wage war againet Nicaragua or any other nation, and they would have no right to molest him. Jf ene man has that right two men or five hundred have it. The mistake was that the administration wore intending to punish what the law never meant should be punished, pamely—the intent, while in the United States, to tit out an expedition beyond the lunits with hostile purposes towards ® pation with which we are at pence. He had as high a regard for the Bavy aa any other citizen; but if anything could brivg eternal reproach and disgrace spon the wavy it was this ine course of action. Firet—Commander Chatard allowed Gen. Walker to pass him, and then, seeming to have a glimmering idea that he mistook hia duty, he undertock to cover bis neglect by resorting to mean avd ry seamate to insult Walker in bis camp, evidently with the intention of provoking him to some act so that be might have an excuse to fire upon him. Secondly —Com Pauld! appeared, # man of ripe > doing what every one koow he has done and which It waa Unnecessary to recapitulate, and writing just such a letter as ought to affix the seal eternal dixgrace be him. Tt was a diegrace to the very epanieties on his shoulders It was high time that our naval officers should be confined to the dtcharge of their duties according Wo law, for there was too much disposition to execed the law by one and all of them. He could not forbear saying that the Presi- dent would better have discharged his duty to the lawe and the best interests of the country by pointedly rebuking the lawless act of Commodore Paulding, than by excusing it. It would not do for the Presidont to say that Com: Paniding’s act was a violation of law, and then wink at it. No matter if Nicaragua docs not com- — Tt A Bg po by Ty tg \icaragua does not complain, execute them when ‘Our duty is te go according to Inw. If ing bax conformed 5 appia If not, let bim be condemned. He ad. mired the spunk of the Senator from Tilinois (Mr. Dorlas) in boldly expressing bis views heretofore, al he aif. fered from every view uttored by that Senator on the ‘question. . Mr. Hoveron, (opp.) of Texas, was anxious to have the documents printed, iH 5 aes who has been back® ye At ye wards bringing him to a trial for the for which ne stands indicted, and the President is defied to hia teeth by Walker im his inte letter, in which be states that no matter this aflair? ' Tt ie that you may go out riadiction of the United States and levy war nation with whom we are at peace, provided ean on ae Mm at Rf afer you commence your although the State “shall be fal the protection they receive, still the ‘or who makes the arrest shall be puniahed you and 1] be apprehended. To be consistent they should © to reatore Walker to tie piace from further, and which be was taken. if it waa ri¢htto invade Ni ue, it was equally right to invade New Granada or OF any other American State. should we punish the Pawnees or for upon our citizens, and claim that our sbail abroad with impunity and commit deprotatone aon ie of other States? If gentlemen think the principle pd t, let them introduce @ dil} to repeal the neutrality wa, Mr. Davis, (adm.) of Miss.—To what principle does the Senator alkude? ) Mr. Skwanp—That the crime is sitogether in the offen- der being caught; but if he can escape from the United and reach the which the war is to wtatermen, who were instrumental in the passage of the Nebrarka Kam eas bil}, claimed that the doctrine of pom. people of Kansas should decide thet question for themselves, marke he reviewed and earnestly’ condemned the La- and ipjustice. bad violated no law; but the President, on the thought he bad not only violated the law of the land but had also violated the higher law. (Laughter.) Monday. Mr. Davis reptied that it was the sacred privilege of an Boe: Aftray pope rw a hh pry eo TWO MEN 8HOT—ONE KILLED AND THE OTHER DAN- the x here he had a to do @kHOUSLY WOUNDED. jor 80. It was upon that principle the war of 1812 took , and it was @ principle dear to every American corner of Jamas and Cherry sircets. States, nor by ang principio of the law of nations. THe | and fred at bis antagonists. The sirat shot passod into crime N Let ber ‘punish him if she ig | tbe ground; the second struck Kennedy in tho right sido, adie. made us the avenger of her wrongs” | passing into the hollow of his body; the third shot struck Was Walker committing any crime upon the igh | Casey under the Jeft arm, entering the lungs. Casey died York - saya be has made war upon a forei but that is no crime by any law of United States, It is crime to set on foot, within the lim. its of the United States an expedition Nr a foreign nation with whom we are at peace, bat to go ontside of our limits and make war is no offence, either by tho neu- trality laws or any’ elae. He did not want to punish apy man for an error of ji it. IY Paulding did right ho ought to be rewarded a@ medal just as Ingraham was for violating the neutrality laws in Turkey for a praiseworthy obec The ition was in sub stance, that end justifias the means. He denied the right of the ‘government to arrest per- sons the high seas and ask them whore they were going, and what their business, and sond them home if they were vot satisfed about them. The right of an American citizen to expatriate himeelf was a sacred right, amd we should be careful how we trench upon it. While the administration are talking about the iniquity of Walker's proceedings in Central America, thoy .o on deliberately in violation of the fuith of treaties and onoy of nations, to invade the soil of a foreign country for the purpose of arresting him. Mr. Toomns, (adm.)of Ga., thought the aaage con tained grave and important errors, and ents his dis- sent from them. Tho President dared not defend, while he endeavored to palliate this outrage to an American 3° nate, After examining some of the grounds upon which tbat palliation was attempted, he eaid the Presi dent assumed a question now before the legal tribunals of the country. He assumed that the neutrality Jaws bad been violated, and it was his bueiness to enforce them. Mr. Toombs denied that there was any proof that such was the case; but admitting, for the sake of argument, that this were true, what right has the Presideot to use the army and pavy ali aver the fue of the earth? This was usurpation of authority, not only in derogation of law, but in derogation of ‘his oath of office. He must get the authority of law to use any extra Terrritorial jurisdiction what ever. He could command no popular respect as a vindicator of the laws of his country unless he ere oo should obey the laws. But in this case ono law bas bémn violated for the purpose of vindicating another. Governor Kossuth was in the Senate chamber to show bimself years ago. That gentleman was driven from power hy Austria and Russia and came here after “ materia) aid’ to replace himself. That was just the case of Walker; apd while one was glorified the other was vilified. As to the letter of Pat ding, the coarse brutality of that correspondence must be admitted by every human being. It not only totally unfitted him to be the commander of a ship, but even to be its cabin boy. at. Doom, (orp) of Wis., understood that it would be a cause of war by Nicaragua against this country if an expedition was unlawfully set on toot within our jurisdic tion against ber. The President was as much bound to maintain the faith of treaties as any law of the country. Mr. Maitony, (adm,) of Fla., vindicated the character of Commodore Paulding, and alluded to his ptr pee ancestry, but did not pretend to palliate this act. If su acts were permitted to be committed by naval officers, in ‘a very short time this country wonld be involved in hos tilities with foreign nations. “If you send naval captains tostop filibustering, with loose instrnetions, they will understand them as seamen, not as juriste. He under. stood that the administration ha’ detached Chatard be- cause he did not arrest Walker. If he is lished for not ae that act, we ought to applaud Paulding for doing it. Mr. Dover, (opp.) of M., returned the compliment of Mr. Brown, who had said he admired hit (Douglas pluck for expressing his opinions, He (Douglas) found was doubtful. Coroner’s investigation of the casethis morning. present, ——_——_— City Politics. Committee of 1857. Chairman, Mr. Rynders caucuses, was unanimously adopted. Isaac V temporary Chairman. ASAHKL RXKD Doovinated Charies H. Ring. Mr. Twoed received 5% votea and Mr. xing 46. the whole Committee, was declared elected George H. Purser wore elected tonporary secretaries. Mr. Fow1sr moved that the Committe @ permanent Chairman, and that varch roll was called. B Sweeny for permanent Chairman, : Asanet, Rego nominated Willidm H. Leonard for perma, pent Chairman. ° and Peter Dufly 2 votes; four members absent B. Sweeny having received a majority of the votes whole committee, was accordingly declared daly permanent Chairman for 1858. On motion of Mr. Leovarp Mr. Sweeny’s election was declared upanimous. Mr. Sweeny, on taking the chair, made a fow remarks, thanking the committee for the bonor conferred upon him. On motion of Eowano Cooper, John Hf. Williams and Samuel Vanderbuydon were elected Secretaries, On motion of Enuan F. Peavy, Prosident of the Board of Supervisors, Joseph M. Marsh was elected Treasurer, and Charies Mills, Sergeant at-Arms Mr. Fowrer then moved that all voeancies occurring in the commnttee be filled by the delegates from the ward in which the vacancy occurred: Which was adopted. hol be gp ant hoe van mgd wal be ap- Chair to prepare by laws. Adopted. af of Mr. Wan, Twasp the committee then ad journed, subject to the call of the Chair. . nto good compan’ up recruits faster HisnWaitos ite (Doogleay thought fe would ve found | The Overland Mait Rewle—Repelition to Roamine the a’ter a while that thoy wero all in the party and were not Routes—The Bnuerpris:, de. thp'Vrecident in some ct their views, Some strange | The exploring party for the purpwse of examining the bappen pow adays. Evan the Sonator from Now route or routes for the carriage of the United States maila Se from the valley of the Mississippi to the Pacific, and which is sent ont ender the auspices of the Overiand Mail Com- aoe eat eehealy vlad ‘the | pany, left thus city dis morning. ’ (Goward je ‘The President of the company, Mr. John Butterfleld, of poe fo nme "OP | Utica, N. ¥., together with Messrs, Fargo and Williams, Mr. Dovetss thought tts | of Buffalo, Hamilton Spencer, of Bloomington, Illinois, aud ee ee eee ae lawn. = Hugh Crocker, of Utica, have been for the past week = era wea the | Making the necessary arrangements proparatory to ths army and navy. The Ia liction | e@nding out of the expedition, The party go from hore to to extend one marine league from Jefferson City, about a hundred miles up the Pacitic Rail- road, from which point they are to slart across the coun- try to the southwest, and explore the route known as the «Fl Paso route,” and the one which is looked upon with the most favor by the administration as the most feasible route for the Pacific Railroad, Tho party go out with an ample supply of provisions and clothing for both man and beast, and will posh for. ward the work with all possible deepateh. They are to take full and copious notes of the route, In ordor to fur- nish the company with everything that may be of any rest or value to them: aa, for instance, they are to minutely the climate, the soil, the prairies, the In- dian tribes, villages, forests, facilitios for water, food, dec. ‘The general director of the party is De. G. W. South- wick, of Texas, whose knowledge of the country and ex- derience in frontier life will enable bim to carry out the undertaking in the mowt satisfactory manner.. The secte- tary and reporter of the expedition is Charles P. Cole, of Syracuse, N. Y. The expedition {9 to proceed, via Preston, Texas, as far as Ei Paso or Fort Fillmore, on the Rio Grande, where it is expected that they wil! mect & similar company under the charge of Mr. Kenyon, of Rome, N. Y., one of the contractors, and who was to leave Sap Francisco about the first of January te come this way. At this point it will be determ! whether the two expeditions return — or pass each otber and covtinue on the route. i contract is one of the great enterprises of the nine- teenth century, and of it# success there can be littie doubt, as bectonep oe A san bog bee are all men of great experience Powsess requ means W carry out the undertaking. They receive from government six hundred thousand dollars a year for the of the mail, and get the pre ht to one half a sec tion of land every ten miles (or the looation of their sta- tion houses; and in addition to this, it is beliewod that when tho route is fairly established a large revenue will accrue from the transportation of passengers over the route. I shall accompany the expedition, and will furnish the Tiknaso with ‘notes by the wayside.’ Personal Intelligence. ARRIVALS. At the Clarendon Hote}—His Excellency M. de ment of law, and let us stand like or dislize them, pen Bayh Kenesb gg Snr terme He had no sym- pathy for flibustering. Its tendency ia to defeat the very object we have in view—namely, expansion of the area of froedom, He was in favor of the expansion of this country, but ina lawful and regular manner, Ho was not willing to wend out naval officers with vi instruc: ons tent over the high peas under the pre. tence of putting m filibustering. He had A the: Clayton-Bulwer treaty because he did not wish to bind the country not to do that which it might be necessary for its eafety to do—that is, to annex those territories only Lalf the distance to California and on the direct road. Mr. Prance it the debate premature. Nothing had been read but message They did notknow what light the instructions would throw on the subject. He believed that the expedition of Walker from the lnwed States was a it violation of the laws of the United ‘States, and that the President did nothing but nis duty in authorizing the naval forces to —_pre- vent that expedition from attacking aw od with whom we are at . Hoe delieved that it was to the character of nation that snch steps as that should be taken to put down these marauding expeditions, which bring disgrace on the country. No question waa taken on the roforence of the message. Adjourned till Monday. House of Representatives. Warrseron, Jan. 7, 1868, THR BALE OF FORT ENELUUNG. A select committee was appointed to inquire into the circumstances attending the sale of Fort Snelling. Tt con sists of Mesers. Burnett, Morris of Ulinois, Morrill, Paalk- ner and Petit. To morrow being the anniversary of the battle of New Orleans, it was agreed tbat when the House adjournto-day it be till Monday, TUK PREMDENT'S ANWUAL MPSS\OR—DRRATE ON THO NEUTRA- Omna, Pe- Tue House then went into Committee of the Whole on sree ea] evr res. Fergvisn, a vetk ay " Mr. and rk ra te Tresident's Memsage. Sire Derby, Mr. end Mrs. Couzens, Miss Cooper, Yonkers, Mr, Twayen, (opp.) of Mass., maintained that wo a. sae! 4 Foot, Geneva, Robert Mo Ludlew, Hndaon; George Atkineon, John Milner, J. ¥. Crome, fanchester, Rngland; Mr. Prances ES England; R. G. Moulton, Manchester, It should not, however, bo done in any way that would | Anne Kemble, Lenore From Uinsgow, la the steamship New York—Miss Kebby, tarnish the national honor by violating the treaty stipula Ys, Hofiaaster, 1 tone and laws of the ‘Uvited Senten,*bus tn, excordence | fiazbne. Mie Gitte, Mr and Mine Tetvessar, Bau mit with the highest laws, human and divine, He exproaset | Riliot A Maryliane, Wei Greve, DW Iendrickson, J ray, regret that Mr. Haskin yostorday proclaimed himself in | 8 B Ulm, apd 1020, tbe steerage, favor of grand, larceny. A meaner thing cannot be said | }To™ gy Ig of tan to 8 town name. Te wan grieved thet | Burke, i sr Grating Mina DR any party should vor of either grand or potty lee, Mra W b, Mrs ES Chatley, WO Thompson, A only disgraceful, PE Piiot, Pr Wilkimscn, and 10 the steerngr. Heavy Rosary on raw Cenraar Rareroan— Fourrren Trovsany Dor.tans Gone.- HE bh i p 28 ip fe he if that every man know whether he fs right or wrong. | $0” i Wariness at 3 he Su, ing oa apr opulalion, cannot siford to = = ba vir. Barer spare citizens; forth, In conseq' 4 perabundant population, most hate an ontiet som tore. satchel containing Fis roo in hank bills. Mr. Emer Something must be opened to the descendants of the pil- | son was bound to New York, where his brother i« in grime (ln ot) py business, The in the satchel was to pay for tant Geean and Rocky Mountains. A botter time than | a cgrgo of iT wi his brother parchased last this could not be desired for Americanizing Contral Ame: | week, Mr. raon, ed his satchel on his seat Ties. In consequence of the iinancial pressure, Parope | alongside of him and threw his shawl on it. At ‘will send to our shores during the precent year not leas M “" than haifa million of men, who, together with the qnar r. ot out of the car to obtain some ter of @ million surplus people ‘in the North, must go | Te , leaving hiv satchel and money behind somewhere. There are enough to make cighi States a | him. He got refreshments and returned to the year, if wo have territory where they can be placed used | car. Seeing his shawl where he placed it, he eup- eon ~ Which was sure to be done, (Laughter. aed the satchel was all right, and took his woah. Her Mweees Cree neutrality lawa the Nor! Jost this side of Sel he thou, be would will O11 up Nicaragua the year 1859, and that com- | examine matters, and the that Congradion to Ceaneal hover aaa erat trom | his catchel, containing $14,700, had been stolen. shovels, hoes and seeds, he said country would The conductor instantly instituted a search of every not ¢cmplain, emigration woul be promoted and enoon. | Car and t in the train, bat of course without was a al p. As soon as Mr. Emerson reached Albany, he called on officer . Maloy, who advised him to return immediately to leman took thore etvetuslly te cosex Utica and Rome and search every hotel and ee room in the two places. The gent C and Jeft Utica wy the next train, We have no will get Mr. Emerson exhi- a ae nal lawe would 3 Som #0 the maranding «) which, in disregard of wil laws, has ly with the Transit route between the two ooeans. Suppose Paniding did bring Walker back, hie motives anc intentions were right, and knowing | bited great carelessness in leaving # satchel contain- what the government desired, he ac ished it, Walker such an immense amount unguarded in a car, find his men he teumted, never would return. ‘They ehou'd | while he went out in of ts. Mr. be restrai from ao doing. Peacefal emigration was the Emerson says he haa done the same thing a score af only legitimate way to He said that times before, and always without sustaining a lose of Northern sentiment ‘es in ver sigrmbrera hv any kind; and, if the money was taken at Rome, the net the sentiment in New Jersey, people are hont oy Ie that the ‘rascal phe i we eve Morals. They did not approve of either 0, 10" own Fey petty ry ” the road in that a chance fora financial move- opp.) of Me. made aepoech show | Ment would occur after the train reached Albany.- lag and Cats, and other promineut i : ‘ker, Dee. 26, movement, which, he said, was founded on fraud ‘The commitice thon rose, and the House adjourned til) About twelve o’clock laat night two mon, named EA- ward Kennedy and Michael Casey, got intoan altercation with Special Deputy Sheriff Michael Wogan, Jr., at the In the height of the dispute Wogan drew a revolver while being conveyed to the City Hospital. Tle was, we understand, a rosident of Williamsburg. Kennedy is so dangerously wounded that his recovery is extremely Wogan was arrested by tho police and carried to the Fourth ward station house, to await the result of the Wogan asserts that he fired at his antagonists in self- defence, There were many rumors atioat concerning the origin of the affray, but we forbear recapitulating then at DEMOCRATH REPUBLICAN GENERAL COMMITTER FOR ‘The Democratic Republican General Committee for 1858 met at Tammany Hall last evening at half past seven o’clock, pursuant to the cail of the consolklatea General ‘The meeting was called to order by Isaiah Rynders, who Proposed that one member of each caucus call the roll of the Committee, and that each member sbould rie in bis place as his name was called, and vote for a temporary the same time nominated George If, Purser and Bernard Kelly to act in calling the roll. This being agreed to by Hon. Fernando Wood ani Isaac V. Fowler, representing the interests of the two Fownme then nominated Wm. M. Tweed for Mr. Tweed having received a majority of the votes of On motion of Wittiam Move", Samuel J. Webster and proceed to elect mber vote as the The motion being adopted, Mr. FowLn: nominated Peter Mr. Sweeny received 59 votes, Mr. Leonard Ad vole, Ir. Peter Annual Report of the Superintendent ef the Banking Department. Ms dies, Aumany, Dec. 31, 1867. The Superintendent of the Banking Department, in accordance with the of section 11 of the act to “ organize a Bank Department,”’ has the houor to submit for tho consideration of the Legislature, the following report — Phat tho past yoar has been one of oxtersive and urpa- Falleled financial disaster, reaching capital and bor in all their varied employment, is @ fact #0 apparent that its agyertion alone is its proof, Tho banks in the city of Now York, with a le axcap~ Hon, snepended gpecs payments on the thirteenth of Octo Der last, This was followed by those losated in the cities ¢ Albany, Troy and Brooklyn, and generally throughout eo te. Although quite a namber of what may de called conn- try banks continued payment in Bre. | of all demands presented at their counters, the suspension of the banks im those cities was operatively a suspension througboat the State, owing tothe provisions of the law of 1 1, com~ polling al} banks located out of the cities above named redeem their circulating notes at one-quarter of one per one Seno, through an agent located .n one or the other of them. It is the duty of the Superintendent of the Banking De- partment, in hie annual report te tho [agislaturayto “ wug- gest ise 4 amendment to tho laws in raiation to banking by which the may bo improved, and tho safety of ibe billbolders and depositors may be increased.” The banks of this State having suspen led pee pay- ments on the Lith October last, renders this duty some. what ombarrassing This suspension, with aversow! graparies, exemption from pestilence; neither inter inaurrection nor foreign invasion ; our oountry at peace w' every vation of the earth; withont a single Causa in oper tion that produced the two former suapenaions of the bank! of this State, or, | may say, nation, !t stands alone without precedent, ‘and without apparent reason derived from past experience. ‘There is no question upon which the minds of mon wil so differ as the causes which produced this catastrophe, and tho’results to follow it. The Super in presenting bis opinions npon thie s bis views are liable to ran counter to those of men of greater ropoared and experience than himself; still, in the performanee of his duty, he will frankly present bis convictions of the causes that produced this genera! diaaster to the banks and tho people of our stato, and the.r proyontiver for tho foture. Th Srare or New Yorn, 8swx Derarraerr, ) 4 spension of all the banks in the United States (ex- cept those of New England) lo 1514 wae placed upon the favt that we wore at war with Great Be lain; that of 1837, upon the indebtedness ef the country to Burope, At thet period of time we were importers of the very staple pro- dustions of our soil, and payment could only be made in coin or bankraptey. The banks of New York struggled for some mopths against the jatter alternat. wheo ue price of exchange on, |] may say Burope, became sue! compelled a suspen ion. by the banks of aot ‘ew York, but of the whole Although it may be found, wpoi , that the anges than those Ins? Let us remove the mystery tha’ surrounds the business of banking, and endeayor to aco what practical banking 1 in this Stave, The law defines banking to be ‘discounting Di.is and notes, and other evidences of debt: rece! repose, buying gold and giver bullion, foreign coins and bills of exchange; by jooning money on real and personal secu- rity, abd by exercising such incidental powors aa ada!) bo seary to carry on such businces. ‘These tun ‘tious cap be carried on in this State by any niividual or individuais a copartners, each lable to hia rs to the extent of his or their entire property. Te tal, and at the same time avoid tbis lia stated, assoviations are formed under our general bank laws, the abilities of the aeso- s to simply paying their proportion of of the aswocieticn, (if necenmy He eed the amount of the Cater e the | indebt te liquidate ite « stock owned by Viability mands circulating notes of the Superintendent, ‘f it 4o chooses. The taking of circulating notes from the do partment for securities thus depotited, rests entirely at the option of the associates. They are banking asso ia- tion with tho limited liabitity above deserihed, whether bg ome notes from the Bank }»partment or not. mass of our banks in this Stato, with an occasional facil ebartrs not question, and cordially admis ‘te conservative and jon, Stil, Uhis is only a process, and it does not show, except as betwern the baka themse! what banking is, practically, in Uhie Stats, An erro iBei- ple in banking, is no less an error if concurred im all the banks in the city of New York or of the tate if. ‘To depignate banking in the fewout possible words sto soy, ‘it is an exchange of credits,’ nothing more, nothing less. In other words, bank using !te capital and ita credit, partisolarly the latter, to attract depositors, (and circulate its notes, if a bank of iesue.) while it undervakes Pd op demand all its liabilities thus created, and is for bidden to iseue its promises to pay in any form, (except bills of exchange demand foreign countrios,) unless payadle on on The means, ariness, of necessity” places ‘the debt or liability of the banks of this State vo thew cre ditors, in one great call loan, to be paid apon demand. Their power to pay oxisia in cola, gi. ©.) absolute ip their vaults, and in the promises of Jebtors hed as f specific times and places, and for the exchange ‘an obligation to pay upon demand, by the banks whea called for, issued in the shape of draft, cerufeste of de- it, or bank notes, to an individual or firm. Tt, the k, takes his or their promive to pay at, eay thirty, vix- ty, @f ninety days, using their credit and capital to exact interest efor. ui what ia succesaful banking in the city of New York, taking profits to the stockholders aa the true tert, Pye ope may change the rule. but assuming those to be nearly equally divided? Simply carrying the largeet debt of good paper, on interest, upon the «mallet amount PE oy hg i skitully adjasting the balances to be struck, for apd against the bank in the clear- profits.) is in incurring the greatest amount of debt able on demand, with (coin,) to pay the same when demanded. it is a tri skill between the officers of sustain tbe largest discounted dedt by a (owned by one to-day, another yf portion of the coin (om deposit in the ‘With ite peighbors, thus enabling them to settie with each other; and they in the struggle oe. bie of the specie rest, seem to ha’ @arming fact that the reserve steadily wi the great demand loan as steadily ity of interest, all of action, ped aa apparently, if actually, abandoged— a jerpettag the maxim of “united, we stand: divided, under the ) fe i i E 5. ef et EH might we fall.’’ result, (unavordab! poe . the truthfulness of tha alage aa citiog where |, from their rer pra ees tion of profits in bank ski! bainnces, by the bank , Upon the same throughout the State, the day bas been in consid one to cight or nine of ims rents wae as experience years. Tho reewit at this iol of time reverse of the faat. banks of of the causes that tended to produce it An examination of the census will show the remarkable fact that no agricultural county bepe asingle exception.) not ha’ ing village, city oF large geurafar » palation from 1849 to 1856. This State comtaneds mien