The New York Herald Newspaper, December 7, 1857, Page 4

4 NEW YORK ° ‘HERALD, . MONDAY. DECRMBER 7, 1857. NEW YORK HERALD. ee JaMES GORDON BENNETTS, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OPYIOR N. W. CORNKS OF NASSAU AND FULTON 8TH, FERMR, cash FAR batty SUERALD, tee cones . 6 per emma, HE WEEKLY AERALD, every ‘wha conde por 2. oF BS per annum, the ania to ia at Bi Boy fe oth “ror iAMiey HERALD, every Wednesday, at four cents per POL UNTANT CORRESPO! NDENCE, comunining tprsant anve, coliriiml from any quorter of the worlds Yf weal will be libe folly pau for. BgrOUK Fence Cuaneuesacumes san tan: Fagen Reatetenn to Beat hac erga ro Packagas Bret ‘NO ‘ROTICE tahen @f anonymous correspondence. We done evr thoer vmectrd lOh PRINTING executed with neatnen, cheapmess and dav ADVERTISEMENTS renewot every day; advertisements in orrind in he WarkiY Hermann, Famiiy Himatp, and in the Cniifornia and European Eilitions .No. 339 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. NTBLO’R GARDEN, Rroadwa: parr Bora Frats—Two Brvais—Mavina, O8 4 Dawa a hand THEATRE, Rowery—Fovestrauus axa Cre . Feats —JOCKo, Om Tue BRaziLian Ave, TON'S THEATRE. Broadway, opposite Boad streni— A c snp Luciress—Tom amp JERRY IN New YORK—Sta- ‘WINS, MAMLACK'S THEATRE, Brosdway—Tux Poon ix Naw one LAURA KEENE'S THEATRE. Broadway—Granp Srec- PACLA OF THE SEs OF OB, OR 4 MoTHER's Puavea. OLYMPIC, 585 Broadway—ALt TAAT GLITTRRS 18 NOT GOLD —Skwromns (8 INDIA—KIAS IN THE DARK. ACADEMY OF MUSIO, Fourwenth street—Irattam Orena —Roseer us Dispur. BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Rrosdwas—Afer- coon. THe Truths 4 LIR—CATORING AN TIRIRESS. Evening Cnoas or Gotp—Lavap asp Grow Far. WOOD'S BUILDINGS, 961 and S&S) Sroadway.—Gronas Sunwrr & Wooo's Minyrkeus—Harry Man MRECHANTCS' HALL, 472 Feedage Caeawet ‘3 MinsTexis —Ermiorias SonGs—Tanoat Excumsion NATIONAL CIRCUS, 84 Bowery—Equestaiay Paats— Grunastic Exercises, &c. New York, Monday, December ca ‘The News. The Thirty-fifth Congress opens to-day. We give clsewhere a list of the members composing it, toge ther with a programme of the leading measures that will occupy its attention. It is not expected that the mesage of the President will be delivered until to-morrow, a8 to-day will, probably, be entire- ly devoted to qualifying members and other- wise completing the organization of the two houses. Our Washington despatch indicates clearly the views of Mr. Buchanan upon the all-absorbing Kansas question. He wiil sustain the lecompton constitution and the action of the Con- vention which formed it. The selection of a candi- Gate for Printer of the House has created an intense Surore at the capital, and negotiations were going on up to a late hour last night with the view of harmonizing the various cliques, in order to effect a union upen an unobjectionable person. It is under- stood that Wendell will be incontinently thrown ' ovezboard at any rate. ‘#. steamship Cahawba, from New Orleans and | Havana, arrived yesterday morning. She left Hava- na onthe Ist instant, and experienced very rough weather during the passage. There was nothing of interest transpiring at Havana. Sugars had again Geclined in price, with one hundred and forty thou- sand boxes on hand, Freights for small sized ves- sels were in better demand. United States gold coins were at a premium of 4} per cent. Exchange on New York (short sight) rated at from five to six per cent, Our correspondents, wri Ist instant, send us som information. Madame Santa Anna, wife of the ex-dictator of Mexico, arrived in Havana on the 25th ultimo, from Rt. Thomas. She was accompanied by Senot Velez, formerly an aid-de-camp to the General, and it was thought that the distinguished party had been sent to sound Gen. Concha as to the extent of Spanishaid 30th ult.and | compared with the importations of oR Geweapead ing week in 1856. ‘The steamship Baltic, due at ‘this port from Liver pool, had not made her appearance off Sandy Hook up to a late hour last night. The weather was quite thick and rainy outside. The telegraph reports that a heavy snow and rain storm has been raging for the last two days on the Atlantic seaboard, from Washington to St.John, N.B. To the north of us, snow has fallen profusely; but in this city and to the south of us, rain has pre- vailed extensively. It world be difficult to conceive of a more dreary and distnal Sunday than yesterday was in New York. The rain, which was incessant, was in those fine small drops that seem every mo- ment about to melt into mist, and which have the peculiar and unpleasaat property of thoroughly saturating-every article of clothing in the shortest possible space of time. The streets were almost entirely deserted, and the churches pre- sented a beggarly account of empty pews. During the day quite a gale was blowing. We hear of no disasters at sea, except that to the propeller Bow- man, from Noefolk to New York, which went ashore on Deal beach; her crew were saved, and the vessel will probably be got off. The New York stockholders of the New York Central Railroad Company held an adjourned meet- ing on Saturday, and nominated for re-election all the directors except the representative from Utica, and Mr. E. G, Faile, of New York, the latter gentleman declining to serve. A letter recommending a series of reforms to the new directors was adopted, and the meeting persistently refused to pass a vote of thanks to the present Board. Our report of the pro- ceedings will be found to be interesting, including the appended correspondence of the committce with Erastus Corning, President of the road. Mr. Charles Stetson, the President of the Ohio Life and Trust Company, has returned to Ciucinnati, after an attempt to investigate the affairs of the branch of that concern in this city. He has pub- lished an account of his inquiries and observations, which we give elsewhere. In this document we have an authoritative confirmation of what was pre- viously well understood, namely: that the affairs of the Trust Company have been so managed, or rather mismanaged, that it is utterly impossible to make any intelligible and satisfactory report concerning them. The sales of cotton on Saturday embraced about 200 bales in lots, to spinners, based upon middling uplagds, at 11e.; good middling do. at 111¢c., and midalir air at 11%c., closing irregular, however, on the highor grades. The previous advance in the price of flour was sustained, while sales were made to a fair extent, both to the domes- tic trade and for export. Wheat was inactive and sales quite limited. The chief transaction consisted of Virginia white at $1 40. Corn was firmer for old, while new was dull and lower; sales of all kinds being limited. Pork was heavy and lower, with sales of new and old light weight mess, Albany inspection, at $16 50; and full weight do., at $17; light prime was at $15. Sugars were in fair request, with sales of about 500 8 600 hhds. Cuba muscovade and Porto Rico, at steady prices. Coffee was steady, with light sales, Freight engagements were light and rates unchanged. ‘The Thirty-fifth Congress—A New Epoch in our Political History. The Thirty-fifth Congress of the United States meets in Washington to-day, and from ; all the signs. necessities and revolutionary movements and tendencies of the times, politi- cal, financial and commercial, with, the assem- bling of this Congress we enter upon a new and 4 most important and momentous epoch in the history of the country and of civilization. The busines calendar that will be presented to the two houses will cover an infinitely wider margin for agitation and legislation than the schedule of any preceding Congress since the organization of the government. Considering, too, the disintegration of our old parties and party platforms, and the revolutionary proclivi- ties of sections, factions, and politicians of all sorts, we stand upon the threshold of this new | Congress utterly unable to conjecture the drift on which his Highness might calculate in hisattempt | to return to power. The African slave trade was never | more flourishing. Four cargoes of negroes had been landed on the island within ten days. They num- ered ten thonsand four hundred unfortunates, and three of the vessels which brought them were built and are, it is thought,owned in Massachusetts. The French had placed a large steam propeller in the coolie trade, and Innded from her eight hundred and forty-two Chinese, who were sold by first hands to others, and by them to sub-contractors, for labor, re- | alizing @ profit for each party. Each speculator | made about #180 profit per head, and the full price | for » Chinaman (with bair uncut) was The nutborities in the different ports of entry openly connived at the traffic. A financial scheme to issue paper certificates in place of money was proposed by | rome banks and commercial houses, but it was mn as a desperate effort to stave off inaol- Several sngar estate overseers had been five of whom were exe The Barber of Se vency murdered by the Chinese Max Maretzek had given ‘ana, with «plendid suc a piled to the ceiling, and the $ pockets in ouse be being piled in Muretack Jent in Gnantanamo, Cuba, writing { November, states that the bearings of the nee of that harbor laid down in Blun' incorrect, and that the exact longi* instead of 75 26,as given. Three res, ave’ em years of a 1 there. They were regal Catholic church, and set w de ie 75 1 ndred Aft uch, had bee ood, bar t» work at making a railroad » New York clipper bark, armed with We publish this morning several articles from sin the Argentine repnblic and Para h it appears that the navigation of » and Salado is receiving the prompt ctive governments. A navi already undertaken the explo with the sanction and aid of «and teamer ready to commence operations. Gen. Tabouda t ceded in making his way up the Sala nto the wild regions of El Chaco. It will be remembered that an exploring expedition under Capt. Page was sent out by our government a few years €, who proceeded a considerable way ,» but bie progress was prevented by of the natives xX guns the bo The annexed table shows the temperature of momphere in this city during the past week, the range of the barometer, the variation of wind currents, and the state of the weather, at three portods during each day, wiz.: at 9 A. M., and 3 and clock PLM t bor 7 v toe be wis] PEMA RR Saturday Clear and cold all day Bright moonlight ety ‘ lear ant cold all day. Night cloudy and Overcast all day. Night cloudy and moon P morning Afternoon clear w ¥ Clear all day ¥r ‘ all day Snow during the night Saturday — Seow we va « * imported at the port wt . week ending 4 st. amount ; A . : a They were landed | of its proceedings, or the results which may follow, of good or evil, to the American peo- ple. Yet we are not without a strong presenti- ment that the general results will be good, for we have the nucleus of law and order, peace and harmony, and wholesome reforms and re- trenchments, in the careful, sagacious and honest administration of Mr. Buchanan. Of the heavy and diversified catalogue of government measures and projects which will be broached in the two houses during this long session, the following will doubtless form the principal topics of the President's Mes sage:— * Our foreign relations, including, especial- ly, our Central American affairs, our present suggestive relations with Mexico, and some information of owr present and prospective re- lations with China. 2. The treasury, its receipts, expenditures, estimates and prajable deficiencies, and a call for a loan or an issue of treasury notes to meet these deficiencies, and a modification of the tariff. 3. The Kansas Lecompton constitution; the Minnesota and Oregon State organizations; the | affairs of Mormondom, and the proceedings for the new Territories of Dacotah, Columbus and Aatrona. 4. Aninerease of the army, an increase of its pay and a heavy increase of its appropria- tions; the Pacific Railroad; the Indian tribes; our fronticr and seaboard defences. 5, An extensive correction of the retired list of the late despotic Naval Star Chamber , Board. 6, Some reforms in our ocean mail steamship service, and some large extensions of the Post Office land service. Then a number of important miscellaneous measures will be brought up in Congress, which may or may not be alluded to by the Presi- dent, such a* the Homestead bill, a bill for a government printing establishment, patent law reforms, bank reforms, river and harbor improvements, public building investigating | committees, and inquiries and calls for informa- tion concerning the Walker filibusters. But the first great and overwhelming subject in both houses will be Kansas, The desire to get the President's Message on this anbject fa- cilitated very much on Saturday night the de- mocratic caucus nominations for the House of- These mominations were the result of an armistice on all sides upon the Kansas ques tion, by common consent, #0 as to get the Mes sage, that ground might be broken without de- lay upon thie Lecomption constitution. This busines may be settled in a few weeks, or it may be expanded into a fierce sectional agita- tion of several months. It may utterly break up the democratic party, or it may put the party fairly upon ite lege again, slim as the prospect for this happy result appears at pre- sent. From the actual opening of the ball we shall be better enabled to judge of its probable duration and consequences. The Congress printing will be the next great floes. bone of contention, and will doubtless supersede for some time even the exi- gencies of the treasury. When — they come up, however, they must necessarily lead toa very full and free discussion of the auses and world-wide cons nees of this ancial and commercial crisie, and to nume w projects and expedient: for the modifica tion of the tari, and the restoration of | our banks, currency, trade and exchanges to « heelthy and uniform system. We do not suppose that the administration is prepared to enter upon a Bentonian crusade against the State banks, with a view to the de- struction of all banks, and the establishment of a universal and exclusive specie currency, That thing Is a myth--a Bentonian humbug ; and whateve@may be the powers of Congress, the States have so long and so far been permitted each a carte blanche in relation to banks and banking, that it is too late in theday to attempt seriourly to interfere with these practically con- ceded Stute rights. The administration, finan- cially, will have enough to do to provide for the increased, and still increasing demands of the treasury ; but in the matter of a treasury loan, or an issue of treasury notes, and in the. modification of the tariff, much may be inci- dentally done for the financial and commercial relief of the country. The two houses will meet to-day at twelve o'clock; and the day’s proceedings in each will probably be limited to the organization, and the appointment of a joint committee to wait upon the President and inform him that the two houses have assembled, that there is a quorum in each, that they are duly organized, and are ready to receive any eommu- nication which he may have to make. An ad- journment usually follows, in which event the Message will be the first thing in order—after prayer and the reading of the journal—to-mor- row morning. Possibly the Message may be read to-day, but we shall be coatent with the ordinary custom; and, in anticipation of a smooth organization, we expect to lay the full programme of the administration before our readers before the next setting of the sun. We expect an ex- cellent Message ; but whatever it may be, it will stand hereafter as the initial point of a new aud a most important and momentous epoch in our political history. All the results of all the revolutionary move- ments, revulsions and reactious—political, flaan- cial and commercial—of the last six, nay, of the last fifty years, will be concentrated in the parties, sections, factions and projects of this our Thirty-fifth Congress. We enter the vestibule to-day to a series of the most pregnant move- ments and measures of the nineteenth century ; for never before has the whole civilized world been so deeply as it is now involved and in- terested in the affairs of this great confederacy. Tue Trovete iy THe New York Ceyrrat Rauxoap Company—Backpoyxe Wantev.—The New York stockholders of this company lack pluck. They started hue and cry for another representative in the Board of Directors, stating that as New York held five-cighths of the stock, she ought to have at least three directors out of thirteen, But whether or not they have been frightened by the cavalier treatment of Presi- dent Corning, who is said to carry this road where Commodore Stockton carries the State of New Jersey, this demand has been abandoned, and a ticket has been nominated, including all the old directors, with but two exceptions. One of these is Mr. Edward Faile, who declines to serve, and the other is the director from Utica, who is left off the ticket without any reason being assigned. But, as will be perceived from our report of their proceedings of Saturday, they have humbly set forth in a communication to the directors the reforms which they “recom- mend.” They were about, in their profound knowledge of the affairs of the company, to pass laws “governing the directors,” when some astute genius discovered that the directors “can do pretty much as they please,” and these resolutions are presented in the form of “recommenda- tions.” One or two sensible men finally point- ed out to their brethren with more money than brains, that they were “entirely in the hands of the directors, and the only remedy for abuses was to turn out the directors and elect men in whom they could have confidence.” How can moneyed men expect to profit by their invest- ments if they express no care for them until they turn out to be almost worthless? Here is a body of stockholders confessedly without a knowledge as to who are the custodians of their property--as to the legislative provisions af- fecting the same—as to how the road is conduct- ed, and inany other minor matters. Thus the Central. road proves a “road to ruin,” and the stockholders seem to be not much the wiser until their money is gone. The meeting on Saturday, however, did two sensible things: first, to expres a fear of getting into the hands of the Legislature; and second, to refuse an en- dorsement of the present management. A grand flare-up is prophecied for the annnal meeting at Albany, on the 8th or 9th inst. We can only reiterate our recommendation to “look out for the developements.” Tue Democratic Conoresstonat Caccrs on tHe Coxeress Prixtixg.—From the proceed- ings im the democratic caucus at Washington last Saturday night, on the question of the Con gress printing, it is evident that when that sub- ject is fairly broached we shall have some rare sport. This printing embraces a clear profit to the happy recipient of about a hundred thou sand dollars a year—four times the amount of the salary of the President of the United States. Here, then, is plunder worth haging; and we may depend upon it that there will be a terrible squabble about it. Some of the democratic organ grinders of the “rural districts” have discovered that their claims as party men are just as good as, if not better than, the claims of Mr. Harrie, or Mr. Wendell of the Union. Be- sides, Mr. Wendell of the Union, has too many irons in the fire, and the etrength of his lobby combinations is operating very naturally to- wards a combination movement against him. The Kansas question itself will hardly cover a more comprehensive field of research than this Congress printing ; and the rich spoils involved make it certain that the whole field will be ex- plored. We may, therefore, when the subject is tapped, expect some very curious disclosures touching the success of Wendell in the last, and seriourly affecting the chances of the Union with the present Congress. A hundred thousand dollars of public plunder, per annum, for even two years, is worth fighting for ; and we think if this printing is to go for the good of the party that some of the country democratic editoria President makers, who have been living for yeare and years npon three hundred subscribers, and government pap amounting to fifty or seventy-five dollars a year, should have a finger in this Congress pie. That's all. par Tue Hox. Boony Brooxs is buay getting op an exhibition of dancing, for the benefit of tue poor and bankrupt people of the Fifth avenue. The Hon. Booby is to dance the newly invented “political piroweie on one leg"—the bonus being $5,000 to keep his thirty-third edition” a going. ‘The Foreign Policy of the <dmlaistration— ‘What tt Should Be, Congress meets to-day, and the Message of the President will soon be before the public, giving us probably some inkling of what will be the foreign policy of Mr. Buchanan’s administration. It is to be hoped that it will avoid the errors and the weaknesses of its immediate predeces- sor, and exhibit a firm and uniform course, con- sis ent with our high position as a nation, and with the great destiny that is before us. No time ever more urgently demanded the estab- lishment of a truly American policy in our diplomatic intercourse with foreign nations than the present, though, doubtless, the ad- ministration of poor Pierce had a more propi- tious one te establish it, had it been equal to the occasion. The constant increase in the im- portance of American questions to the whole civilized world, and their evident tendency to seck a solution in Washington, is one of the marked characteristics of the present age. While our relations with most of the countries of Europe are confined to the occasional discus- sion of commercial questions, and the perform- ance of the petty chores of diplomatic inter- course, those with Cuba, Mexico and Central America involve the problem of the march of empire, which is our inheritance, and the ex- tension of the political freedom, social order and material prosperity, that thrive under our institutions. It is the recognition of this great destiny that is urging itself upon the present adminis- tration, as it did upon the last; and circum- stances are combining to force us to assume that moral preponderance in the questions ap- pertaining to this continent that belongs to us from our geographical position and the rapid developement of our commerce and population. Mexico and Central America are looking anx- iously to the fiat of our government to guide them in the future; and the new Ministers sent to the latter republics by England and France‘ are ordered to proceed to their posts by way of Washington, in order to learn, if possible, what that fiat will be. The safety of the transit routes across the isthmuses of America for the commerce of the whole world, the peace and order of the discordant communities that oceu- py those regions, and the future permanence of the present material prosperity of Cuba, all depend upon the proper exercise of our influ- ence over them and towards the other nations of the world. This is a great respoasibility, and should neither be undertaken lightly nor weakly carried cut. Both the measures and the men should be well chosen; and the country ex- pects that as the administration has not been in haste to develope its poliey, it will exhibit no lack of energy and ability in adopting its course, The situation of all the leading Powers of Europe is onc that lends itself to the proper ex- ercise of an American policy on our part. England is called upon to meet the exigencies of a financial crisis at home, to re-organize her | empire in India and open the avenues of indus- try to its oppressed and starving rafilions, and to re-establish her trembling influence in China and throughout the East. Louis Napoleon will find his attention fully engrossed in the main- tenance of his power and restraining the revo- lutionary tendencies—greatly increased by the want of employment—of a people whose history shows them to be politically a compound of the tiger And the monkey. Spain is vibrating be- tween revolution and absolutism, and has little power to waste on an active intervention in | American affairs. Whether we accept it now or at some future day, the leading influence in all American questions must be ours, and the ad- ministration that understands and employs it will make its mark upon the history of the world. We do not advocate any imitation of the policy pursued by President Pierce in our Span- ish “and Spanish-American relations. Toward Spain he began with the boastful message about the Black Warrior affair, and ended with a Dodge, while the just claims of our citi- zens have been ignored, and the com- munications of our Minister at the Court of Madrid passed over in contemptu- ous silence. We want no more Gadadens, Wheelers, Bowlins, Morses or Carey Joneses sent to the Spanish-American republics, where events that affect our national interests are daily transpiring; but we want a high and no- ble policy, and men that can comprehend its bearings, and the true tendency of our future, to fill the missions to those countries. Let the Clayton-Bulwer treaty be abrogated, and we shall have no trouble with England; let men who understand the language and the customs of Spain and her former colonies be sent there, and we shall have no trouble with them. But if we have neither a policy nor diplomatic ability in our foreign intercourse, we shall make no progress, and continue the same snarl in our foreign relations that the last adminis- tration was so successful in creating. Grexerat Woon axp Senator Davis.—We publish elsewhere a letter from General Wool to the Flag of the Union, & Mississippi journal, by which it will be seen that the correspsndence between these two gentlemen, in relation to the delay in presenting the sword voted by Con- gress (o the first named, has already reached the fifth remove, or “countercheck quarrel- some,” as defined by Touchstone. It wili be remembered that this testimonial to General Wool, after having been prepared in accord- ance with the act of Congress, was allowed to remain a long time in the War Department, and was there when Secretary Davis turned that de- partment over to Secretary Floyd. The new Searetary caused the sword to be at once for- warded to General Wool, with a handsome let- ter, and Senator Davis has endeavored to shield himself from the suspicion that attaches to his motives for delaying the presentation of the testimonial ordered by Congress, upon the plea that Congress did not prescribe the manner in which the presentation was to be male, Several letters have already passed between General Wool and Senator Davis, in which the Shakeperean gradations of “the retort coar- teous,” “the quip modest,” “the reply churl- ish,” and “the reproof valiant,” haye all been duly gone through with, and the matter will now, it seems, be called up in Congress. Let us have the whole truth about the affair, gentle- men; the public wishes to know if Senator Davis hae suffered the petty instigations of personal malice to influence his official conduct as Secre- tary of War. Orgasimation or THe Great Loppy at Wasmtwatox.—We learn that the lobby was organized yesterday at Washington, with the ea of O. B. Matteson as Chairman, and A. S. 8. Simonton as Secretary. They are now ready to receive contracts. a re Y The Coming Struggte in Spanish Amorica— | jasig of the Lou. Booby and his associates in Return of the Incas and Zipas, the vulp* Section of the Fifth avenue; but we We learn from Havana that the wife of Santa cannot dacend #0 low. Meantime, we stili Anna had arrived there, and that her coming | 9.4 why ig te have Mr. Tiemann? and when is waslooked upon as the fererunner of the ad- dat bill off adver ising to be paie ’ vent of the ex-Dictator himself, probably on his way to Mexico. Yaxazx Sxveraram” 8 Sraxism Cosnn- ‘We have commented quite recently upon the | CIAL Wispom.—At the pment day thereis no condition of affairsin Mexico, and our readers | leading civilized nation whioh adheres 80 close- are perfectly well aware of the disorganized ly to the wystem of high protective duties as condition of that republic, and the probable | Spain, and there is none which is more victim- coming struggle betweea the Dictator Comon- ized by smuggling in’ alf its forms. The one fort and the ex-Dictator Santa Anna. But | begets the other, and both tend to commercial there is a great under-current in the movements isolation and retrogradation, Spain, inorder to that affect Mexico, Central America, and all of | force her colonies to trade exclusively with the the republics of South America, that is not so mother country, imposed higher duties on their evident at first glance, because it does not lie imports than on those made direct to her frome upon the surface of things. Yet it is the un- foreign countries. 4 deviating tendency and the growing menace of | _ This restrietive policy, early commenced by all those countries, for it is nothing less than | Spain, was made more rigid and more strictly the recovery of political power and social su- | @Bforced when the precious metals began to premacy by the aboriginal aud inferior races | fow into the country from South America. The government entertained the absurd notion that that still inhabit the countries of Spanish : America. The white race has amalgamated | >Y Probibiting foreign importations they would beable to keep the gold and silver in the with the Indian and the negro to such a degree that it has largely diminished in its influence, | Country, and at the same time promote domestic manufactures. This policy has and now seems to be on the verge of annihila- tion. produced effects diametrically opposite to those A succinct citing of facts will prove this, In | intended. Smuggling, under such a system, was Mexico we see the native Indian overrunning | Xtensively carried on, and which, indeed, is continued to the present day. Contraband ar- the northern provinces of Sonora, Sinaloa, Du rango, Zacatecas, Coahuila and Leon, and the | ticles were paid for in specie, which, at the southern ones of Yucatan, Oajaca and Guerrero, | 8#me time, from competitio# contributed to while the ascendency of this race in the halls of | Prostrate domestic manufactures. Goods, in Congress is becoming daily more evident, In | the same way, were also clandestinely intro- Guatemala the Indians elevated Carrera, a half | duced intoher colonies, and specie withdrawn breed, to power, and now are turning against | Payment. The result was that her specie him. Nicaragua has clected Martinez, a | Wa8 exhausted, while she retrograded in com- mulatto, to the Presidency; and everywhere in mercial and manufacturing prosperity. Central America the mixed blood of the negro | Nothing can be more absurd than for any one and the Indian is superseding that of the white, | 2&tion to imagine that it can pass laws to keep In New Granada the political power of many the precious metals hoarded within its bounds— of the provinces is in the hands of negroes and that it can, without disastrous results to its own Samboe; in Venczucla Monagas holds despotic | Prosperity and progress, dam up the healthy power through the blacks and Indians; in Peru | COUTS of trade by a selfish idea of keeping all the native races inhabiting the mountains pay the specie at home, by either curtailing or cut- no respect to the government at Lima, and from | 2s off trade with foreign nations. Those per- time to time make their forays upon the civilized | 8078 in the United States who think that specie settlements; Bolivia is rent wtth a civil war, in | C8 be kept in the country under high tariff du- which both parties have appealed to the native ties, had better read the commercial history of races; in Chile the theory of popular represen- | Spain and learn the results of such a policy. tation is rapidly extending to them; while in | The duties imposed on foreign importations the immense pampas from the eastern slope of | into Cuba are enormous, and especially on Ame- the Andes to the waters of La Platte, the abori- | Tican agricultural products. By cheap negro ginal tribes are strong and organized, keeping | bor, employed on that istand in the cultiva- the white settlements in frequent alarm. tion of sugar, we are forced to become its largest This is a true picture of the rapid disintegra- customer, and in 1856 paid her a balance of tion that is going on in those countries, and trade against us of $36,329,914, and including their steady return towards the rule of the Porto Rico a total balance of $19,354,660. Montezumas and the Atabualpas, the Zipasand | The population of Cuba it is supposed is ca- the Incas. It is the knowledge of this that is | Pable of consuming from 800,000 to 900,000 lecding the white clement to seek new blood | P#rels of flour per annum, were it admitted at and a re-invigoration by an infusion from | ® low rate of duty. The present tariff on Ame- abroad. One party, of which Santa Anna is rican flour in Cuba is about $10 81 per barrel now likely to become the representative, seeks | When imported in American bottoms, and only this new blood from Spain; and another, that | $2 59 per barrel when imported in Spanish ves- sels, Besides, the tonnage duty on Ameri has ax yet no representative man, looks for it to come from the active communities of the Unitea | Sls is $1 50 per ton, and only 62jc. per ton States. In each of these divided streams there | “ those of Spain. is another subdivision—one portion looking to | _ The duty on flour shipped direct into Spain is areturn of the rale of Spain, ot the establish- | °"* sliding sale of between 26 and 50 per cent. ment of that of our government, and the other ‘The last year’s crop in that country was short, desiring only the advent of individual reinforee- | M4 the duty became reduced so as to induce ments in the shape of private expeditions from | ‘mportations from other countries, including Cuba or New Orleans. Santa Anna leads the | the United States, While Spain relaxed the one, as he did in his last term of power in Mex- | (uty at home, she maintained it at $10 81 per ico, when he imported a large number of Span- | Patrel in Cuba. In 1852, of 327,950 barrels ish officers, but no soldiers; and Walker heads | {0ur imported into Cuba, only 7,610 bbls. were the other stream, seeking to organise it with- | eeeived from the United States direct, the re- out native aid. The former is assisted by the mainder being derived from Spain. Last year, Spanish government, but has no great body of of about 240,000 barrels imported, only people to support him; while the other is op- 59,000 barrels were from the United States, posed by our government, but can obtain any This year Spain has not had flour to spare for quantity of recruits from the sympathising mul- the Cuba market, yet she has been unwilling to titudes of our population. relax the duty in favor of its inhabitanta. These movements are but in their germ, but Owing to Yankee enterprise, however, the they will grow and grow continuously until one Cubans have been indirectly fed with large sup- or the other triumphs. In the continued ad- | Plies of American flour. vance of the native races we perceive the cer- | _ The plan has been to load vessels in New tain dissolution of all widely extended political | Y°rk for ports in Spain, chiefly on the Atlantic side, where it would be landed, repacked in organization there, and the conflict for power between the American and Spanish filibusters, | Pattels with Spanish marks, and reshipped Should Queen Christina again come into the | Cuba in Spanish vessels. Within a month or field—as is not improbable—and fit out from two past the shipments from thie port to Spair. London or from Havana a new Flores expedi- | T¢ached often in a single week to from 15,000 to tion to put some one of her daughters by her | 20,000 barrels. The same vessels carry out bat- second marriage on an American throne, we see rel and pipe staves, from the former of which no reason why the movement should not suc- the Spanish barrels are produced to réceive ceed. If Walker gets a new foothold in Cen- the flour intended for Cuba. tral America under present circumstances, he, Supposing the flour to cost in this market $5 too, stands a good chance for snecess, The | Pet barrel and shipped direct to Cuba, the duty strife will then be but just begun, and a new there of $10 81 would alone bring up the cost clement may, perhaps, be added to it by the | te $15 81; whereas, on landing in Spain, and migration of Brigham Young and his Mormons made to pay a duty of say 30 per cent, would to Northern Mexico. The result of all this will | Taise its cost in a Spanish port to $1 50 per har- rel, or to $6 50. When reaching Cuba in a be that the United States will have to come in Sistas Hotton a kon to p . possession of the territory, governing | "Panis om It wou! ave to pay a duty of rrgptiag reprise ee “d $2.50, making the whole cost about $9 per it as England does India, but we bope with greater wisdom. These are not speculations barrel—leaving a difference in price, via Spain to Cuba, of $6 81 in favor of the exporter. that look to a distant day for their verification; within one generation many of the present gov- Thus, a cargo of flour has to cross the Atlantic ernments of Spanish America will be dissolved twice, Norland 08 of two months or more, and replaced either by American or European while Cuba lies within some four or five days’ sail of New York; and from which we, in 1856~ dominion. One generation only has elapsed since their independence, and yet how greftly | '57, took produce to the amount of $24,485,691, have they retrograded! and sentout inexports direct only $7,809,268. — So much for Spanish commercial wisdom and Arotocy.—A little six-by-nine, dirty-looking | Yankee enterprise. sheet, which calls iteelf the newspaper represon- It is believed that much of the flour landed tative of la belle France in New York, is very | in Spain is smuggled in, and reshipped to Cuba much offended because, in describing the politi- | without paying any duty at all. Large quanti- cal knowledge or character of the French, we | ties of both flour and tobacco are smuggled into called it “half man half monkey.’ We believe | the country from Gibraltar and other points. this is a slight mistake in philosophical accu- | If the Yankees are enabled to reship flour racy, and we apologise accordingly for the | from Spain to Cuba without paying additional error. We meant to say that the political | duties, they have probably, in some instances, character of the French nation is a historical | at least, availed themselves of the opportunity. developement consisting of “half tiger half Some few small traders also, no doubt smug- monkey;"’ and that, never being, like the Anglo- | gle flour direct into Cuba. The plan, we un- Saxon race, capable of self-government, they } derstand, which has been practised in some must always have a master to manage them, | cases has been for a vessel to clear at Havana like Henry the Fourth, or Louis the Fourteenth, | in ballast for some port in Cuba, and succeed or Napoleon 1, or Napoleon TIL, in order to | in having so many barrels of flour placed on make them enjoy a political civilization, or | her manifest. When fairly at sea she acci- prevent them from taking off each other's heads, | dentally meets a small American vessel, loaded- as they did in the time of Robespicrre. The | with the exact number of barrels of flour as advanced civilization of the French people in | that contained on her manifest. She forthwith in many other respects we acknowledge, espe- | proceeds to transfer the said flour to her own cially in the fine arts, such as cooking, dancing, | hold, and then eteer for Cardenas or Matanzas dresemaking, painting, music, thoatricals, plilo- | and land the flour, thus evading the duty. It sophy, infidelity, &e., &e., &e. is clear, however, that euch smuggling opera- pa THe Hom Booey Baceas fs displeased tions could not be successfully carried on with- with our remarks on Tlemann’s election. He | Ut more or less connivance on the part of the Jores his temper, ond wses very naughty lan- government officials. We thus find that Yan- guage—quite unbecoming a sensible booby, as kee tact and enterprise are more than a match he ix, Before and since the recent election, we | MF Stupid commercial regulations, In this have treated Mr. Tiemann with the respect due work the Yankees are not alone. The English, to his known qualities and character, both asa | 2° doubt, do their share, and especially through politician and paint manufacturer, The Hon. their port at Gibralter. . The only remedy left to Spain is to red h ce Booty and iis euyrirw monopolised al ses her tariff both at home and in her colonies'to a epithets as “forger,” “thief,” “rascal,” “scoundrel,” “seamp,” “villain,” “knave,” common vense level with other nations, 5 , ' : —— &c., &e. These terms belong only to a past Tre Boarv or Envcation—Its Respowstmmnt- civilization, or a very low «rata of existing Tres AND Dorres.—With the present year tho may be on a level with