The New York Herald Newspaper, October 4, 1857, Page 2

terest to bare @ p'ace of reiomption. fhoy will only more for one when 's is thetr interest, find |t profitaole to vend thelr paper as far from home as posatbie; thy cat some means through a private banker to give Wa start, wten it cam D8 prised ant spayed from eae to five per ceut, and remvin away from home as long as posible. Al preremt there is oo reg slacity about this ole matior of bank Garrency. Whea gold ia aia pre- malom tbe private Dembers pathor op tne trash, and if Abey cae’i mase more by siaving il, they send It bent yet the god, ship th, and draw "t ubange 18 reporied al de a2per cemi om the East Excheng:, indeed! Gold fe bearly that premium; thai 's, be base vousand d liars im gold, ne cen email per cent, Or nope alali Ucr bore currency is only that much dulow par, in plain Enelich; and -the word ex: bapte only conceals the fact Our merchanis are paylog 0B ext a1 ge for ibe deprecia'iou of ine bank paver of our Own Sisto, Thus is true allcver the cosntry. Paper cur- Toney 13 down—exs: i» vot up, Our banks in the oily are, of course, slow to lasve ibetr own paper; the Drover stant» ready’ to grat it, and draw the gold. They : me e ation, Ifa man ju oh doge npos Danie of isxue, Stancard The barks may get indignant a: the and sometimes get up aes cg pan AT cause ibey ar? ocmpelied to redeem their af it ts ail rien, bowever. Were it not for this ebeck metiors would soon be worse thin they are. Financial matters us they it 3 iis more 10 than it has been at moneyed institutions that hare amaged can’t well fat). we mentioned at the comme: cement of this ar- we bave bad more or less all the time. Its increase ia the worst of sympto us. Banks that send thoir bills to Cistant commuvities bave no v: honest or hovorabie Purposes to serve. They ixti:t a fraud upon the co amu- nity that ovght to be prevented. If the peopie of Louts- jotermine to rid themselves of it, it could be prevented. We areeware of the difficulty. ifs merchant trades in Indiana, Tepserses or Onto he muri take the ourrency of those Staies. If that reascn {s inscrmounts- bie, then we musi ever submit to the evil, for the difficulty will always exist. We think, howevor, that where thoro ia & will there ss wey to meet such an evil, and the benc- fits will greaily overbalance the loss in ashort time. The ‘eyetem of benks of issue is wrong, and will over Jead to times like these; but the country ts tmmersed tn Mt over head and ears, andcan culy regulate i as best ii oan. ii E ‘ i MASSACHUSETTS. TK HAky TiMEE. [From the SpringSeld Repubiican Sept 24 ) Now tbat the mes are “out of joint,” there isan ex- celent opporiurity for every body t3 ehow how mich sense be bas got, and bow much ofa man he is. An todiriduai moust be @ fool noi to see that all this is but a temporary ‘clogging of the wheels of the financia! world, aud that only wv weeks will pwe away before we shall ali get under Deadway egein. The couviry was never ao rich at now. ‘bountifal eat wae never stowed away than money. and doing business in New York, told « other day that he positively did not know @ bundred dollars. Suppose thle man to the amount of $60,000, and pay it In ordipary times his would be discounted at the backs, and an bour of walk ve nd conversation would suffice to arrange the miter, Now, tbe is sicok banks Cannot discount, aad there is no sale for or bis real estate. Therefore, if bis Paper ma {s ovliged to suspend, and yot bo may be actualiy umes as much as he owes. Bol why cannot the Are they apsounc’ Notali They have ividenda up to the present time, aud bare Dutiness. They are sou Well the reason, or one of the reasons, s0 will understand tt Tne Wost te very lergely incebted to the East. The balavoes are all tu thas direction ‘he accounts between Ohi:ego and New York, fcr mscapce, are in the habit of being settled by bills of exobarge— tbat i, a man in Chiorgo, owlpg & man in New York, crews cp apotber mea in New York who owes him, or buys « bili of excharge of « breker who has fonds io New York todraw upon At (his time, no oue tu New York owes anybody in Ohicego—or tbat is practically the cate in this dilemma, tho Chicago people get hold o ail the Evatern money they can, end rend it hers to craw on, as exchange is as nigh af five per cent In this way ail the Fastern monoy cirowlaing at tbe West is forced back into the bank« bore tor redempiion This gives the banks all they can do; and insteea 0! discouptirg to sccommodaie tbe public, they are obliged to bend their energies to the redexaption of their Circulation. This, then, is one of the reatons why monay fe Light here pow, aud why coucerne perfectiy solvent ave obliged io eveperd payment the romoxy for this is the pouring in from ihe West ite lmmenee depo.its cf prodase, 20 tha tbe price of exchange may be reduced. Measures aro ip active operation t bring about that end, ent waen wey are consommaies we abali be let up t Now, then, bow shall we vebare io wo be suspicious ard frightened? SN apy wise r gard for our wo need Gens first in order to get it banks, whiod, properly used, would relieve everyting ‘no If the thing cap, in any practicable way, be prevented man thdutd be allow Relves (0 BOWE |vOeD ence ave ‘Again, the 1h to pay should pay it—ihrow every thi poselole aud we eal go easy through the 5 We all orght Ost t comprenend u's th! have had # fal! rial developement. We bave got just as have got more property than we bed six ebdank fails, Why doce it fail? The Bank beld wo mock long p-per lk cons iy enoogh 6 mont tne crafe toe Hargord Time informs as thet tte Dille w. fall Ove of dhe dest bank men here taforme us tbat our own backs are all sound and lo goxt oomdiion, We he Keve tt, and we be'levo, moreover, that they wil very soon be ready to help the rest of us The prenaure is felt Oar mtr vow are very nd if wo mavare ourselves mercrants show their avects (hema ives to be sound, bein If A ie tev thousand dollars sad'uo hen tometer ‘over, Tule t cxnabie lend to A, who returns it when (hay moed it (From ere We are not tvclined to despondency, and we are free to our decided disapprodation of that everiastiog rit of creaking and ev! doting whieh seems to be the Siiple com modity of some very wise and over careful per fons in every commonity. A few such old fogice, oy (heir cemstani groaieg over the hard timer, morning, n00n Spd night, if allowed to go 60, would create m “ panic’ al most any time, by setting their beats togeiner and by being pereiev nt in their efforts We have recently noticed many, perhaps mort, of (he ‘evidences cf improvement and enterprise going forward in car city and vicinity, showing that our citizens are ex pendicg 8 gord of money, notwithstanding the bard times and the almost utier impoeatvility of oovalning fande We refer to tris matter |n this connection for the reseon that we bave our oars that tbe ideas of peop'e may be impro perly raived in relation to the rtate of boriners here. Ocr Country friends mvst not preromo, because our ahipbutld era are diepored to co romething to fernieh ecapley- most to the bundreds of oarpecters and others, who would etherwise have * nothing to do’’—even thorgh this ayn to ber postive dived rantoge-—ihet the pso,to ot wi to ibeir le 0! city are basking in tbe wamenine of dollars and coats; our mecbanios and laborers are getting enormous price: for their labor and becoming rich; that our offers are | ‘We are acing eomeshing in Bath, may very properly Ry OOF Merchants and shipbul dere are doing @ go)! des!. Comsidering the Gnancial aepece of the times ful our Tenders most bear in that all ebip builfing=the —= of our thrift—must in the natare 2 the gave be jones ate very email profit, consequen 1 prices o labor mort bear srreepoe dt relontes, whilat at the same lime aimort every article of necersity for the suste wance of the (emily, whether of the ballder or bie work men, have remained ali through this #into of things at enor mourly bigh rater. Latterly, to be eure, we have bad Selight redoction in four, but onr latest of the ‘markois indical ‘wed Cirmness of rates bere; in mo- lasses and sugar, ant some aod workmen fosrce at (bat. da When are we to expect relief’ When are the times to ‘be better’ Not #0 long ae money commends from af to 48 per con't in New York, and from 18 to 86 per com in Boawon _ ro lome ae Our shipe oan foarcely obtain a ewer than to meet actual running ox penser, instances not that. fore, in good merrbants have invariably hold be. tanees 0° Baring Brothers, and other foreign bouces, to large amounts in the aggrege 0; perbaps, aking through, from three Ww Gye bandred wousssd ‘a bee fair average If our merchants bad ich they could draw for at banks would have precirely the kind of paper to meet their retarn bile in Boston, aod could or two handred thousand dollars additioaal OF a much more as might be necemary, perfect wafety, Bat Iscking theee f reign bills of ox and having 00 O.ner legitimate fuots of any course our baake thelr = disovunte = t the and for the nove f i f i disovunt a ‘or eomething elie thereto We in Bath are coing nothing to Qmam this surplos of specie or foreign erouange, conse NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1857. arcae’ ‘to whom ho ir indebied Let every try and do bis dut Pray togmely Dagny ny ok na aud ; for every lar a ve bp ae it goes, and when all the Pi are paid, It breasbe freer, Cor ce will be restored, flow with renewed activity Ubrovgh ail is accustomed cbanzels. Ip what we bare said on thissite ihe picture we de duct nothing from what we bave before said on ‘he other side, We have indeed much to be thankful for. In no piace have the mershants, the ship builders and basiness men generally, more nobly withstood sue test. It is be cause were cleay sighted, cantious and prudent We trust the severity of tte shook may be spent, but we bardly anticipate that immediate and feot relief will flew in upon us. Suill letus be hopet few re maining mocths of the year canacarcely change mat! for the worse, and do afford many cheering indioati: Saas Let no one derpoad, but svery man do his ty. NEW YORK. (From the Buffalo Kepres Bopt, 98 | Kprous, ‘The most valuable lessons are taaght 804 inexorable experience. ‘ise ae ee by them, but the heedless go on apd found midst of one of those commercial and business revaisions which come upon mep when they disregard thoseo mmon and obvious laws of life and of trade, which must be fol lowed im order to succeed. One of them ts that over wade and extravagance iz ordinary. lite, are certala to re suit im the ram of men; and anoiber is that naste to be rioh, and the conseqvent culation and = re- sulting from tbe passion, wi jusimess die hboneaty, Isxity of business pies, and tho of eoniidence and oredit ‘not is that the 1 to get morey, honestly, if practicable, bat to ger any event, has produced in all business circles the ut moet of commercial faith and butiness iateg riiy, and the principle of honor that formerly chwecierized the renks of merchants, traders, bank. ers, and all those classes which constitute the groat community cf ousiness men. Twenty-five years ago a merchans dare not fail aud build » large house jast afur ward; tbe dishonesty of which action is by no means low eened by the fact that the ork is done in the vame of his wife. It is doubtless the fact that by some traders failiag on purpose, and compromising with creditors out of tue avails of their own , Mb thirty or twenty five per cent, is a more business transac.ion, apd such is the laxity of morals in this, our time, that by @ certain claes of men the swindler who does this tz regarded as a sharp follow ‘and deserving of praise. ‘This, however, is only one featare of the times, but she well known faot goes to show the necessity of @ revolution in business, whetber it is done by means ofa panic or otherwise. When tt has become the case thet it is move than to pay them—bow to fail and mae ‘han not to fail at all—we may be cortain that credit, the great basis of trade, will seon be de- stroyed, and business met adoom aa cortatn and as last- ing as that of Egyptian Kings There ie too mach dis honesty. 00 much recklessness, too much disrogard of meum ef tuum in business life to acmit of that oenfidence tn men which prevents panict and revelsions, and up holde tate like columns of ete:nal grani'e. ‘muat learn that fortunes are the roward of « life of coonomy, thrift apd industry, and that small acd certain prods aro betier than speculations, usurious bargains ani stock Eambling. “Move out of ‘the big heuses; sell the Ince, tatin and damvek wbich you bave purchased with mo: rey thatshonld be tavested in your business; ditchai the coachman and canccossary bonse servants; take the Silk end satin off the girls and let the boys walk; pay your debts; seep within the iteaits of legitimate basiaess, ant bear of no revvisious nor panic: that you cannot mect withovt fear and without reproach Naval Luteiligence, We lear that on the arrtyal of the stenwebip Sis sissippt 'n China, Commodore Armstrorg will retarn home, and (bat Captain Nicholson will iske charge of the ‘juscron and hoist bis broad peunars on board of the Minzissippt. The United States sloop-of war Falmouth was taker into the dry dock st (he Portsmouth mary yard om the ls inst, On examivation of the Falmouth it was found that very litle work was required upon her, the *xtent of hor injury being the loee of p mall portion of hor exper. She has beon taken out of the dock, and will retura to the Breil station with her present crow Immediately. Tae Pertamouth, N. H , Gasette thus describes the new toam frigate Franklin, beili at the Portemouth mayy yard: The Frapkiin seventy four goa soip was buill ia Philadel rhia in tho year 1815, and was ordered tothis yard with ho view of testing the capacity of the dry dock, and af crwarcs (oken wp in the yard for repairs. But Goding ibe frame teo rotten to warrant repairing at 2 roseonable expense, she was taken to pieces, and the keel of the pre sentaiesm frigate Franklin eas ia'd in 1864, and the sound timbers of the old Frankiin were used in tbe consirastion of the new ship The dimenslous of the steamer franklin areas follows, viz:—Length over at), 3tl feot; beam, 84 feet, 4 inches; depth from undgr side Cf keel lo top of gun deck, 8° feet: topmage, 4,168 sone. She has four decks— two ¢f them being for gus. A bast of Franklin oras menis the head, and ap eagle and other doris the stern — all being very elegantly served. The carpenter's work veing all done, motbing remaing t) do but the caulking, which will take about days, when eho could be Jacnched. Hes armamn} wil! consist of 289 tnch gans, 20 8 ineb, aod 2 10 inch gume—makiog 64 in all—boung ten more than the Merrimac, Wabash ard Min sesota. United States District Attorneys Office. Rowmey oF Lavtexs —4 man name? Niouole was ar- resied on {he complaint of George Wilkes, charged with robbing letters from the Pork office containing remittances intended for bis, Nichole’ employer, Held to avewer, New Patenfs Issued. Tre following is thi States Patent effi re for on of patents ienued from the United 1@ week ending Sept. 22, 1857, each and Williams Hobson, of Pans, Il, improved cuvticg apparatus for grain and grase har: vesters Wm. W. Batrhelor, of New York, N. Y., improvement Joseph F. Wieck, of Lancaster, Ill, improved machine for bincing grain Geo. F Bort, Abram Wright and Gro. F. Wright, of Har borse provement Ne pecking r ngs fer steam cagincs. of Ithaca, N. ¥., improvement in burglars’ of North Bridgewater, Mass, (mproved ing boot and shoe sole. Faritan, N. J., improvement in reaping end mowing machines. Avgustar Eliaers, of Boston, Mam., Improvement in portfolio or moric sande Andrew 2 J. Flowere, of Greenfeld, Ind., tmprovement ‘8 Darveetors. Edmund Gibbs, of Madison, Wis, improvement in seam Weating apparatus Philander Gtibert, of Alexandria, improved apparaine loge on wagone Joa. L Hial!, of Cincinnati, Ohio, improvemen) tn looks. Heory Hancea, of Imbuque, lowe, improvement in the process of maxing white lend. Issac Hermann, of New York, N. Y., safety clasp for draceleta, &> James Nell, of Yorkvilie, N. ¥., improvement in etir- rope for ridipg enddies Davi C. Peaoosk, of Brooklyn, N. ¥., sleeve fariener Geo A. Prentiss, of Cambridge, Mass, improvement in Journals of axles with friction roliors T. J. W. Robertson, of New York, N. ¥ , hend stamp. ton, of Rast Birming ng abd ley ©. Smith and Joe K bam, Pa., improved machine for sotting Barzilai G, Smiib, of Burllogton, N. J, imp ovement in the mode of connecting and disconnecting the bin «* iron or other pavements J. H. Swain, of New York, N. ¥., Improvement io rs road car seats Abrem 8 Swariz, of Buffalo, N. ¥., improvement in troreed brid Chauneay Thomes, of Wort Newbury, Maas , impr. si carriage prop 1) C, Turner, of Anatian, Wisconnin, improvement in ro- tar: enginer snc Van Doren, of Somerville, N. J en for harvesters fm. H. Walton, of Brooklyn, N.Y, oorK M Phinney, of Now York, N. Y., improvement in carding engines Norman W. Wheeler, of New York, N. ¥., improve- mor nt im valve gear for oFc')\atiog seam ne Semnei BH Whiteker, of Cincienati, Ubio, \mproved nat machine George Williemson, of Brooklyn, N. ¥., improvement in diving apparasue. F as W range and Samuel Darling, of Bangor, Me., ip provement In ei] ahar cones. Boory D. , of New Hariford, Youn, a@igeor to Wyllys B. Waraer, of Now Britaia, Con wrench Samee! Pennock, of Kennett square, Pa, aseignor i» improve’ bimeelf 994 Mortoa Penno sk, of aame place, improvemen: i barvostors Joho it rey, of Keene, N. H, aesignor to Amor ¥. Perry, of Harrisville, N. H., and Jobo Hamphrey omen) moro voment, iathes for manufacture of clothes pina, Ao .— Anson At Wood, of , N. Y., improvement i cast tron oar wheels. Patented 16, 1847. Solomon T. Molly, of Reokford, Thy improvement In seed planters. Patented Juno 16. 1867 Kdward Howell, of Ashtabula, Ohio, prooore for re 4 Samanta from gia sto paper. Patented May Deign —George B. Foster, of Boston, Mams., deaign for ga burner abide. ' . k, of Rahway, NJ, improvement in metal- | Commerce of the United States with the ‘West india Islands. ‘The proximity of the West India Islands to the United States, and their early discovery and settlement, caused & trade to be early developed between the two. At one lime (oven in Our eolonial state) we looked to St. Domingo for our cheap supplies of sugar, coffee and indigo, and seat back in return amported colonial produce, and subse- quently, after the acquisition of Jamaica by the English, we had an active trade wilh it im suger, molames, coffe and rom, which was firs: interfered with seriously by the war of 1812, and finally nearly destroyed by the emancipation of the biacks in 1834. According to parila mentary papers it appears, since the emancipation of the slaves, that more than 600 estates in Jamaica have been abandoned, which formerly gave employment to about 60,000 laborers. The cumber of estates abandoned or partially abandoned from January, 1863, to January, 1863, was as follows:— Sear Coffee Pentor Fitates. Biiaes. Country Seats. Tal. Abanéoned .........148 oe 30 bod Partially abandoned. 71 ee 2 459 TotW... .eseeeed09 102 ry 413 The prodnotions of tho tsland have coatinued to fall off, notwithstanding the tnoreased intercourse with it by means of English and Amorican steamships, the diffu- tion of gold apd the enhanced prices of sugar and cofee, ibe products best suited to its climate and soll. Weare indebted to © moroaatile firm of this city, oa geged in the Jamaica trade, for the following copy of the offictal report of the trade of the trland tn 1856, compared with 1855:— E with the prosperity of the island induced more immediately by the negro devastation ef St, Domingo im 1789, which fn a few years annihilated a supply of 116,009 bhds, of sugar previously exported by that island \o Europe, a biatus which, to some extent, was filled up by Jamaica, which, in aix years preceding, bad produced an average of 85,000 bhds., and {a 1801 and 1802 prodasod 286,000 bhds., or 143,000 per annum, ‘Tne following tables show how far emancipation has af- footed the island, We give the exports in 1834, the year of final emancipation, compared with those {n 1856, about twenty two years afterwards :— Contrast th! Exports 1834. 1886 Decrease, Sager, bods. 126,625 25,975 99,650 fom, gals. 2,998 607 926,686 = 1,004,081 Molaases, cwt 2 — 2'800 Catfeo, Ibs, 18,568,883 3,088,131 16,181,752 26 Se _ 26,394 842,088 348,749 49463 02 90,158 140,874 Inercase. Pimonto.......000 1,580,108 6,848,627 5,487,429" ase 26,448 - 25 443 34,879 - 34,919 8,125 - 8,125 ‘We thus find that im a period of about twenty two year? the exports from this island have experienced an enor, mous decline, which continues its retrogradation to the present time, while pestilence, engendered by noglect and lth, bas gone far to depopulate it. While other countries bave rapidly progressed by the diffusion of weaith from gold discsvories, Jamaica has fallen back. While other British Weat India isiands, under the augmentation of labor from cooley importa‘ion, have in some cases slightly advanced. Jamaica bas receded. The only increase in any article of export has been in pimento, which to agreat extent grows wild, and requires /ittie or no cultivation. The London /’ot, of December 6, 1856, contains a me- morial presented to Mr. Labouchere, thea Secretary of State for the Colonies, by West [adia merchanis and others, in which # picture is drawn of the wretched condition of Jamaica, and in which abelitioulsis cen read what would bo the condition of things were the slave popalstion of the United States to undergoes eimilar change. The me- morialists inform Mr. lavoucsero— ‘That the materis] condition of the colony ts at the lowest pessible point ahert of banerapicy and ruin, Roal estate bee no market valu, dwedirg bonses are gradually de- caying,and money can win difficulty be raved even in yeturn for personal property. Moatof the necessary ar- tistes of contcmption are tmported from the Uaited States, whilst the naturel products are neglected, and the money capital of the country is drained im the aosence of any ex ebange of trade. The industrial condition of the inbabi- tants is at ibe lowes} ebb, and thelr moral and social con- dition ts rot a whit more elevated. Not only has the eu9- ply of iavor been diminishes by the disincitmation to work which characterizes the negro population, but likewise by the redwction in the pumber of people by the soourgos of fmall pox and cbolera, The mortailiy from the former diseare arose from the Begiect of vaccination and the defi clencies of medical sssisiance, whic bas been a serious eyiltince ihe abolition of slavery. The mortality from Cholera, as official reports ertablished, was enormously ‘sugmented by Olth and the want of the mos: ordinary hy- gier io resources. In 1850-61 « Gfb of the population was ailacked by cholers, and it has been estimated that the | consequent mortality amounted to 60.000. From this com imation of causes a dearth of labor bas arisen, by which the islagd is threatened with uaiversal bankruptcy and ruir, ‘The memorial goes on to urge an increased supply o emancipated Africans taken from slavors, and freed ne (roe from other quarters--tno only Kind of Iabor adapted to the eniture of sugar in » tropical citmate. | How ridiculous an exhibition of folly to see abolitionists | celebrate the anniversary of emancipation in Jamaica, from which resulted the ruip of tho isiand and the depopa- lation of Ita freed blacks by smallpox and cho'era, render | ed fatally malignant by negiec:, Glih and inability to ob: | taln ekifal medical aid [* such « result ® subject for special rejoicing and to be beld up for imitation to our Southern States / | When Jamaica fel\, Caba and Braz | advanced in the cul- tivation of sugar and coffer, In 1834 Cabs exportet, ac: cording to the Balanzas Generales, $14,487,966, and im. ported $18,568,300 Im 1854 shy exported $34,683,751 and Imported $31,394,878 In value, Brazil, in 1854, ex porte: 64,000,000 Ibs of coffee, which, in six years afterwards, or subsequent to the British Wort India emancipation, reached about 160,743,080 ibs, and in 1854 it resehed 400,000,000 Ibs, This to crease is accountedfor when we fisd that the slaves introduced frem Africa into Braziz increas. ed from 17,435 im 1842, to 60,000 im 1848, as whic time a treaty was made with England for the abolition of the slave trate, when, {0 1849, the importation fell to 64,000" in 1860 to 23,000, and in 1861 to 3,000; since when coffee baa ruled higher, and especially within « year or two past, than it has done before in many years, The number of slaves in Brasi! in 1843 was estimated at about 3,000,¢00. While slavery ceared in the British Wost Indies, Cuba continned both slavery and the slave trade In 1511 the imported 11,000 Africans; and in eight years, from 1829 (0 1857, no leas than 191,021; and from 1839 to 1863 she imported 99,239; and her importation has continaed Pretty much im the same ratio to the prosent time. To cheap African Iabor she has also recently aided the im portation of Chinamen at low fixed wages. ‘The changes aad fluctuations in African Iabor, in con ection with the rise ard fail in tropical proluctions, and supply of sugar, coffee, ovtton and indigo, may be feon in the following statements. If wo begin with S%. Domingo tn 1789—the year before the negro revo \ntion—and conclude with the returns for the year en ting ‘with 1857, we shail have the following result — Exroats oF 7, Dosimoo. 1887 Decreate das. “as Sugar—Ciayed ~ Muscovado - = 14,140,591 14,801 14,101,000 0,835,219 80,845 76,804,474 7,004'974 1,019,176 6,191,108 26,749 = none. 25,149 ‘While thie desolation ewept over the richest island tn tue Wont Indiet, we find that Jamatoa, up to the period of crrercipation in 1554, imereased her production of sugar to 125,625 hhda ; rum, to 2,024,007 gallons; molasses, to crilons ; Coffee, Ww 18,268,883 Ibs; cottum, to W804; and Indigo, to 26,448. In 1884, an ineane act,-with regard to African labor, was patted, which was to accomplian, ia oflect apon its ia dustry, what the violent sete of the biscks bad brough About for St. Domingo; in illustration of which we have only to refer to the foregoing table of its exports in 1834 and 1866, With the fall of Jamaica, Cuba and Brzail took ‘he jead !u troptoal productions, the first in eugar, and the ‘atter in coffee In 1824, the yoar of emancipation (n Jamaica, the ex ports and imports of Cabs, in value, compared with thos 0 1804, were as followt:— 1834 1864. Tnerease orth... $14,487,055 $99,688,781 $18,204,776 ‘porte...... 18,565,300 81,804,5 000.431, ‘Art! increased in the prodaction of enffee In the follow: ¥ revo (rom 1674 (ihe year of British Wert india emanct- to 1864.— COFFEE EXPORTS, Tbe. 64 000,000 160,745,690 sess seaveneeaens * 106,743,889 ‘The depopulation and reiapes into barbariem of St. Do mingo, the destrection of the negro population in Jamaica by disease, indaced by negligence and filth and famine, from idleness, with the general deeline of the Britivh nd renewed inorease of African labor in Ouba and Brasil, ‘ecoount for these !mmense discrepancies ‘The chespness of African labor in Cuba tells with great effect upon African Isbor in that portion of the United Btates devoted to the cultivation of sygar. The raising of sugar, tn @ favorable soi! and oiimate, like that of Caba, wit ‘adult African labor ai $600 a $600 per head, or {2 Louisiana, ‘Texas and Florida at $1,200 0 $1,400 per hand, makes a difference which {\ is impossible fer any ordinary tariff to equalize. While we are forced by this a) stem to booome the largent customer of Cuba, she imposes on our leading articies of produce an almost probibitory daty. Flour ts saddled with ® duty of about $10 81 per barrel, when imported in American bottoms, and only $260 whom smyorted from Spain, In 1652, of 827,060 bbis. flour im- perted ito Cuba, only 7,610 bbls were shipped from the United Btates. Lard is charged with a duty of 4}, cents per !b, when imported {n American bottoms, and caly 2}¢ cents on tafertor olive oli from Europe. ‘The duty on moats is so high as to act, to # great extent, 4s prohibition to thefr introduotion frem the United Siates; and though C.ba ‘s so near to us and our provision mar- kets, abo actualy imports jerked beef from Baenos Ayres to the extent of about thirty million pounds annually, The tonnage on Spanish vesscis is only 62% cents per ton, while American veszels aze cha’ged $1 60 per ton. Notwithstandirg all ihese impediments to trade, the commerce of the Untied Siates bas to a great extent built ap Cobs end made ber what sho is. Tp 1362 about 28 per cemt of imports into Cuba, end 47 per ceat of her exports, were made from and to the United winter; and about one half of the vessels which entered ‘anu cleared from her ports were from the United Btetes. About 74 per cent of her imports and 44 of her cxporws are made through the éingie port of Havana. We bazard nothing in saying that fanaticism and oup!di ty bave, when acting in o»m»ination, dove more to injure and victimtze mankind then all other causes united. fo fanmicism and curidity we must ascribe the destruction both of St. Domingo and the British West Indies’ Jamaica (and other British West Iodia islands,) was tho “ploeding Kansaa’’ of the Wilberforces and their confode- rates of Exeter Hall, whose preconceived one idea of bigotry formed the only pivot of action, ‘The East India Company, inflaenced alone by seifish cu- pidity, used fanaticism as @ fulcrum to accomplish their design of vastly increasing thelr resources at the Kast by the fall of tho Weat Indies. Thoy, while grinding thoy ry- ots of India with an amount of oppression unparalicled in the annals of history, prayed ani groaned with tho saints of Exeier Hall for the suffering negroes in Jamaica—just as the Grecleys, Hales, Laues, Weeds, Sewards, Fords, Robinsoss, &., did for “bleeding Kansas,” all of whom prayed and groaned with the clergy for the deliverance of bleed !ng Kansas and the negroes, in order that they might succeed in !mmense land and other speculations. ‘The Fast India Company reasoned thus:—St, Domingo bas fallen, and the indigo she supplied is now supplied us. The troptoal products of sugar, cotton and cotloe grown by the West Indios and by the United Siates oan be all grown by British India. If we ald the.aboiltionisis in the overtbrow of slavery in the West Indies, its abolition must follow in the Spanish and Frenob possessions in the same quarter. The example of emancipation in the West Indies must extend to the United States, where the aboli- ton party will gain political sirength from various outside issues, and accomplish elther emancipation or & disso. | lution of the Union, im either evont rosulting io the partial or total destruction of leading tropical productions, With these changes, the civilized world will become dependent upon the East Indies for sugar, coffee, cotion ‘and indigo, #0 necessary to the vast and increasing popu- Iation of temperate climates. The expansion of the United States in wealih and power must a'timately swal- low up cur Wost India possessions; hence, when they are loat, let them be of as little value as possible to their fu- ture posvessors. Oar American potsemsions are at best Bmited tenurcs, while our ladia possessions are secure. Thus reasoned cupidity when untied with fe paliciem to accomplish its purposes. Twenty-three years baye rolled by since the decree went forth for the overthrow of the West Iodia islands. And tt Is true that Ladis bas in a degroe movopolized the g-owth of Andigo, and ts rapidly incresing the culture of sugar and coffee; but neither Spain, Brazil, nor the United States have imitated her example. England bes only destroyed | herown West [otis colonies, without gaiaing aa oquiva Tent at any other point; and her dependence upon African grown engar, cotton and coffee is about aa great as ever; end as regards the growin of cotton, her atempts at com- petition with the United States have proved failures, While» fearful revolution in India threatens the over- throw of Mer Inales empire, cupidity bas failed of ite | mark, and the London Times ls not slow to perceive the fact, wbilo the fanatics of Exeter Hall in London, and Of tbe Garrison school in America, how! on with as much rant as ever, and are as tneurable as the tnmates of the in- | curable wards of bedlamite hospitals. They have seen St. Domingo reiapte into barbaritm; they have seen Jamaica ruined, apd fifty thousand negroes perish in a single yoar from idleness and Mlth, resulting in pestilence and famine, and yet parade the streets of Boston and hold prayer moot- ings in commemoration of emancipation. ‘The supply of avgar, coffee and cotton, now necessaries of life, must be looked to by the white millions for years | to come with interest. In 186@ we imported from Cuba | ‘apd Porto Rico sugars, molasses and tobacco to the valve ¢f $28,606,666, and exported to the same only $3,951,987, | leaving & balance of trade against us of $19,964,000. Oar | trade with Braz\! for the same year gave imports $19,262, 661, and exports $5,004,904, thas showing & balance of trade against as of $14,167,158; @ total balance of trade against us for the two places of $33,622,422 This enormous balance, equal to over two thirds of tbe annual product of gold tn California, we must ansually seitie in mpeoie or its equivalent. ‘Tho fanatica of the United States are perfectly willing to nee the people pay $23,622,422 annually for the support of niavery and the slave trade in foreign countries, bat wage awar of extermination against the hamane system of | slavery employed in the United States in the cultivation of cotton—the basis of s0 much national prosperity. ‘The supply of cotton, froma deficiency of African iabor {n the United States, bes become inadequate to the consump. | tive demand. While a war is waged *gainst the coltivators of cotton by slave iaber, the whites are made to suffer the greatest bardebips from being thrown out of employment, leading to deprivation and euifering. The Boston Courier of the 10th September, 1567, coptains the following state menis regarding cotton manuiactures at Lowell -- Some of the largest mille bave mopped work entirely for a short time, or are about to do #0, while otbers are Fradually reducing the number of operatives and abridg- ing operations to & great extent. The plan now in force among the milla in operation t to ran fivo days in the week, «bicb, in offust, 1s virtually throwing out of em- ployment 2600 persone’ The extens!ro work® comprised In the Hamilton corporation will dimlaish their production one third, as one of ihe milis isto be stopped altogether, in addition to te plan above mentioned The ellsct of there Important changes upoa an ‘pavewial commun! y like that of Lowell is alke remarkaSle aud unfortanal | oF beard ip Utsh, all conour in Hun¢reds of operatives now deprived of labor, by Mern commercial neoeenity, are leaving the cliy. Oui population tf for the time ditmimishing; real extate ie ; houses are being raoaied by their oooupant every departroent of business will shere in acd pee the present (cpression. fi The same courte bes beon, to ® great or lesa extent, forced wpon the cotton milla of Manchostor, Tagiand. Tae truth is, the supply of cotton is defotent, not from the want of land, but from the want of labor We return to atatistion regarcing the commerce of the | t Mates with (he Wort India islands, We proceed to f170 an account of the exports and \mporte between them et (bree different perio \#, as was done in a former article ith regard tothe South American States — at. In 1848, before the discovery of gold (n Cailfornia, 94. In 1861, after the dev olopement of tho oslects ay ising from the same; And, 34, tm 1866. 1848. Brith Weet Inc ia telands. Cuba, Porto R oo Dutoh do, French do. Bayt... 080 1,367,174 918,651,516 $1,003,871 17,046 688 2,480,920 29,001 38, sian 1,$80/908 931,084,198 92,288 248 94 485,403 186) Britiah West India islands. Cuba $36,285,296 $19,661,816 21/084, 198 86,281,206 . 10,899,000 vee 17,882,708 ‘Went Ladies, from eamacipation, oompared with the larg From the foregoing tables It will be seqn that the com. metoo of the Duited Siates with the Woot Indis abows « large and costinually increasing the former, This balance is chiefly found in our trate ‘With Cuba amd Porto Rico. If we take the whole period from 1848 to June 80, 1856, @ period of eight years, we tne changes bave been as follows:— Exports. evs 008 161 sur sania Imports ....... is ear'ahb 36,238,296 ‘We thus find that, while our imports from the West India islands bave, in eight years, increased $17,681,080, our exports to them have, im the same ti ne, !noreased only $2,230,578, The obief balance against us is found ie our trade with Quba and Porlo Rico, which has beeu as foliows:— Balance agains Imports. U. States, 812,863,412 =! Saar xT hy a $14,900,401 $7,080,624 $7,800,263 $24,488,608 oe 1,142,726 8 870,908 pe ‘Total........ $8,061,987 $18,806,656 $10,384,000 ‘We thus find that im eight years our exports to those two islands only increased about one milliva of dollars while our imports increased about fourteen millions, or nearly doubled. If we !nolude the balance agatast us in our trade with Bravi', with that of Cuba and Porto Rico, we shall find the socount to stand thus:— 1886 Ouba and Porte Rico—balance $10,354,660 FRA dias 00 snense onse-se 14)167,768 The balanoo for the yoar ending 30th Juno, 1867, pro- mises to be muoh larger, as the {ports of both coffee and wugar have beom much greater and at greatly enhanced prices, While our trade with Cuba and Porto Rivo has Jargely imoreased, it will be perceived chat \t nas daring ‘he past eight years remained nearly stationary with the British Weat India islands, Has not the payment of « belance sgainst us, chicfly for sugar and coffee, of about $33,500,000 nothing to do with bard times and @ money crisis in the United States? Whe Utah Military Expedition. OUR PLATTE KIVBH CORKESPONDBNOE. Camr on tam Poarta Rives, 100 miles from fort Laramie, Avg. 20, 1887 The Hesult of Colonel Sumner's Expedition Against the Cheyennes—Entelligence from Utah— What the Mormons Intend to do with the Troops—Odds Against the Govern ment, dic , dic., @c. I believe I mentioned in one of my letiers that Colonel Sumner, with a commaad from tho lst Cavalry and 6th Infantry, was out in the Piains in pursuit of the Cheyennes, who have recently been very troablowome to travellers over this road. An express passed here ycsterday taforming as ‘bat after following them a iong distance, guided by some friendly Pawnees, he st length camo vpon them nea: ihe ead of Solomon’s Fork, of the Kansas rives, which is an aiinent of the Smoky Fork, entering aVout 60 mies above Fort Riley. ‘Tho Indians brought !nto action sbout 300 warricys, and made a very bold and dashing charge, whict was met by fan equally resolute countercharge from the cwvairy that tent the savages fying over the prairie in all directions, ‘and gave Colonel Summer a decisive victory. Tiv loss on ‘the part of the Cheyennes was very considorabie, while the cavalry had bat one man killed and twelve woumisd. _ Lieut, Stewart was among the latter. ‘When the express left Colonel Sumzer he was stil! te bot pursuit after the retreating Infians, anJ will probably inflict upon them a sound and wo!'l merited chastisoment before he bids them a final adieu. The troops with (}lo- nel Sumner left Fort Laramie with only twenty days’ ra- tons, and they have already beon out thirty-threo days— ‘short allowance this—yet such is often tho character of military service on the frontier. We coniinue to meet parties of Californians who, afier seeing the elephant, are returning homo by the overland route, end from their appearance I should imagine they were not yery much encumbered with tne gold they went {m search of. - They bave all passed through the setilements of the Latter Day Saints in Uiah, and all give the sume acoounts as to the complexion of affairs in that quarter. Oae ot them whom I met upon ibe road to. fay told me that during six days that he remained in Salt Lake City he beard but one 0 sinlon expressed reiative to the military moremont towarcs Utah, which evinced the most bitter hostility owards the general government, and especially towards ‘he President, for directing ibe military occupation of sbelr Territory, They say that the admiuisiration, in solect pg the most {mportant officers for that Territory, bas, in vome instances, regardices of other qna!ifoatioas, protfered ‘bem to men notorious for their bel igerent propenaiues, thereby giving them the impression thas they are expe. to res at the federal authorities. Tie Ca tfornian also informed me that be heard Brigham: iD & pudlic address to his people, use ianguage of tho most treasorabie charactor. For example, among other things, he eaid the Presi¢ent was abous sendin ageinst them 4,500 troope under the command f ‘equaw Billing general.” He tayr— ‘Let them come; I bave sufficient confaence in my people to believe that they will wipe out (messing 6x erminate) no; only them but ten times that number should they dare to send It » also said that Brigham Young himself is violently cpposed to the new order of things, as ho believes it fore- shadows bis downfall. Many of bis people, however, are ip favor of it, ag it will afford them a market for thelr sar- ples produce, and introduce a large amount of money into the covniry Tam not dleprted to believe all I hoar regarding the Mormons, cepociaily when tho statements emanate from seceding Mormons or expelled Gentiles, as they are cz parte, and are jikely to be induced by motives of reve ‘and sbould, therefore, not be recetyed without scrutiny, The accounts given by the Osiifornians, who have no motive that I can discover to misrepresent w! latitude ‘The consti\a Jone of the officers and men of this @ become #0 much enervaied men oy movemen of the ir the scope of reaaonabie bility thet the others will re- turn in time to make the march to |’ ah befor in, Henoe you will psrceive tnat the sireng\n whicb will ander the most the universe, and absolute control over all the resources of their coan- hope that ie expected into Immediale and quiet they bave always bold in open defence, is so inrignificant in numbers ae not only to ject them and their government to Midicule and insult, ac t induce the ignorant ion of the Mormons to beliere what they are constantly told by thetr leaders, “That they are in reality more 1 than the United States, and are destined ullimately to oon quer and rulejihe entire world.’ This state of things is in_ keeping with many of our for- ‘mer military operations. The policy of cS. ‘ opposed toa large standing nf and all email force compoeing the existing establishment is soatiered ovor such @ vast extent of territory, that whenover a cam/aigo m.- Agricukural Fairs in the United States ‘Tho sixth annual exhibition of tho Indiana Siats Agri- Oultaral Boclety will be opened at Indianapolis om the 6th of October, and continue each day afterwards up to the ‘16th of that month. The exhibition will be vory fall and complete, We have been favored with an invitation to attend the fair, for whish wo have to thank the managers and secretary. on: fears ore sow betog Rett, ox eeress majority be bold, all over the United saten, asa of the Anrnal ‘Sato faire are to be beld in the early part of of October. Airrotive as well as amusing. cy 104 163 mM 283 2 Total. ....-10,759 1,846,734 1,636 4 ‘TOTAL SAIL AND G1RAM VRSSSNLS. Tons. Date, Vewls. 1850, one . OT2 12 ‘198 a + 1,00 . 1,160, se eeee eo 12,804 BEGISTARED BAILLN B3BAM VESSELS (4XCLUSIVE OF BIVBK 8TSA OF GRRAT BRITAIN, EMPLOYED IN THE HOM FORRIGN TADS KESPKOTIVELY, IN BACH 0) LAST RIGHT YEAR. 1 } s Sailing Vessels — Seam Ve a Vessels. 666,728 312 Smo bee 701,803" 368, e809 343 374 694,712 249 691,128 27 710,860 BIT ‘TOTAL PAIL AND STHAM Vessels Toms = Fear. . 9610 71986 1853, q . 9150 721,163 1854, k) . 9 266 764,461 1866, : ae, 9184 768,409 1866. q PARTLY IN HOMM AND PAKTLY 1 FORKIGN TRAD! ‘—Sailing Vessels — —Steam Ve . Vessels. 781,901 2 B41 2 242/666 18 147 867 42 166,860 28 202,124 aa 210 114 47 162 488 a TOTAL MATL AMD STRAM YRSGRLA Year. Vessels, tons. Year. Vessels. f, 998, i 7 2, . 3,069 4, 942,07 TOTAL OY THE FORRIGN TRADE. Vests. ‘tons Year. = Vesels. + 6,699 2,162,087 1858. 367 2, + 7,236 9,188,490 1654. 2, + TAL 2548 89 1885, 3, + 7,680 9'49,268 1856. 551 3, TOTAL IN SOME ANB FORMIGN TRADS. Sailing Fessels,— —Steam Ve: Year. Vessels, ‘Toms, Vessels. a 2983 0z1 ais 3,092,583 428 3,215,198 620 8,218 665 649 3,571,827 639 8,576,456 538 8,101,214 To4 8,825 022 aad TOTAL IN FORWGN AND HOM TR'DR —Sarling Vessels — Ste, 2 Fesuls, Toms. Year, " Vesa’ 18.221 3,096,342 186 3 17,892 1,212 1854, ‘ 3 18,184 (936 1886... 17a 3, + 17,819 3,580,884 1866..°.. 19,270 4.) RECAPITULATION AND ADDENDA. WAILISH MRKCANTILE STEAM MAKING. Vessels. 818 elt ams 317 Ocean ‘steamers in tho mail service. Iron sorew steamers (at Lloyd’s) $ Wooden do, do, Tron paddle sieamers (at Lo} Wels an Cae Total paddle steamers, 108 Total tren steamers . 2s ‘Total woocen steamers 39 Grand total... oo 2 THE BRITIB NAVY. Me Tota! eal! and steam. Our Minnesota Correspondence, Wavasnaw, Minnesota, Sept. 20, 1 Minnesota a State—Democra te Oonrention— Nomura: reat Bthusiasm—The Democrats Sure of Su Steamboate—St. Paul, tts Hotels, do. Minnceota is coming! On the 13th of nexth mon Citizens will choose a Governor, # Lieutenant Gover Secretary of State; a State Auditor, State Trout ‘Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and two associa: tices thereof, an Attorney General, a Clerk of the Su; Court, three representattyos in Congress, and one de to serve ull the State ls admitied inte the gre mighty Union. ‘The Convestion by which these candidates were peed commenced |is labors on the 161n inet, and oad ‘the 16\b; and ® more inteligemt and respe tavie lo body of mep—ii4 in pumber—I ever saw conven: such & purpose: have seen many in my life Hon, H. , an of fine talents, for th ‘twenty four years@ resident of the Territory, a gout a thorough going democrat , ead iherefore, of cour pairiot, was nominated by acclamation locd and lor "nud, At the mention of his nace aa a candidate, « member rose to his feet, and nine taundering cheers Ligor were given for Henry H. Sibley, the Provident : Convention, Gen Sbicids, and all the spectators | jobby and galleries jotring in the Joud emtnusiastic s ‘Mr. Sibley was calied isto the house, and was ree ‘with @ welcome of aypiaase by the Convention, wh warrant you, he will never forget while be remal this sido of the clornal gaits, He made vory hand speech, during the delivery of which he was frequ ano «hee by iefetnih 2 i if