The New York Herald Newspaper, May 7, 1857, Page 11

AFFAIRS IN CUBA. Havana, April2a, 1867. @vand Concert at the Licto-nThe Audicnce and Performers— BPasbionadla Secuty ant Fashions in Drewe—-The Stave Brabe— Markets ond Freighis. ‘We had « grand concert at the Licéo last night, by Mme. @e Viltiers, the Vanderguths, M. Constan, &c. The Count Rantovenia, to whese lady the concert was dedicated, was Yoowent. He being the President of the Society made it fashionable, He and his most exoallent spouse—the quick (matrimonial experimentalists—were in elevated position, ‘ead appeared remarkably well, considering their youth in (Weve things. The American Consul Genoral was also pre- emt, with Miss B—r, of Mississippi, the sister of his a- eemplshed and charming lady. Several young ladies frou fe North, who have for some time added fresh charms ® our social being, were observed; a sprinkling of our trktooracy and considerable foreign democracy; Godard, he balloon man, and Bernard, the prince of French cooks ‘whb their friends; Mousa, the busband-lord of oar mos farhionadle milliner; two bakers, threo doctors, two edi i : : The vewel taken in the bay of Trinkad tarned out near undred bozales, instead of the number first advised. Havana, April 30, 1957. & Religious Procession—An American and a Mrist—Neus ‘ero was a procassion of the “holy sacrament”? last Munday morning before breakfast—the carrying the hewt from ome church to another. The procession con- tinted of priests, soldiers, two mulitary bands, brethren of peligioas societies, with the usual accompaniinent of . 1 Beard » bootmaker, who lives in O’Riolly ftreet, who is a Castilian by birth, and withal a Licatonant fhe “Votuntaries,” say, as the priest in the carriage with the host passed, “I wish I had that fellow in my Shop: 1 would make him earn his bread.” An American, ‘who stood at the corner as the procession passed, romain- ed with bis hat on bis head. As the host passed, the ywieet in the carriage motioned the American to tako off Die hat—inatead of doing which, however, the Amorican remed bis bat more firinly on his head. This angered foe priest, and he made more violent motions to the Amo- ican, who continued covered, and was, therefore, anathe- matized by the priest. Whiist we do not agree with the ‘Reman Catholic church, yet it would have been in beter taste had our fellow citizen either have turned aside until fe procession had ed, or when he saw every one Bim got ony uncovered but on their knees, had i & i 2 i will be a magnificent fort. red of the gn are I ’ e@vantage over Havana, where, as you know, from the Zid to the Mth of last December the mercury fell from sty four to thirty-two degrees of Fahrenbeit.”” be in General determined if possible to igalier Serrame of conniving with the slave eaters, I wrote you seme tme since that the Oidor of @o Real Audiencia, who af you vent down to Trinidad, returmed without being Cae monare = v0, dence agaiwt Brigaiier Ferrano. plain General Mi hoki of a new clue, and has sent the Oidor down to Sancti Expirito, which i in the jurisdiction ME Trwidad. 1 wish Iocould believe that a dedre really exise: on the part of the chief sathorities of this island 10 tbe African slave trade, but I know of too ‘many casce in which the conduct of the authorities leads ame bo 8 directly Oppowite copension ‘Our reavon may now be said w be fairly over, buta Bitle paicty yet ramus ine. 1a orectin yas feel) oa tho 27th ist. of the subscribers the Creche, Modatiarin de Foeete Urbano,” Baer Bs. Bobeverri, yolit anernor , in ud thie is understood to be E He hi # 4 vss? Naval Intelligence, j essa) bustle and activity just pow. There are sone eleven Bandred men employed, in various ways, within it walle They are principally engaged in fitting ot the Mimnesota, goon to convey our Dew Ly Lhd ee steam recently ordere ae When ber armament is on board she wilt iny-two pons, namely, two of 10 inch, thiryy @ toch, and twenty Rivch bore—all of which are Paixh an and Intended for rhell. Her complement of men will \e 600, and her water tanke will carry 24,000 gallons. Tia? Minnesota We an anxiliary p:opeller—that ts, steam propal- ‘will only bo used in calm weather or when the winds ‘eree., Sbe carries 600 wna of Coal, and when under vteam will consyme 81 tons per day. Her pro meved by #460 horse power, which, in case of ‘increared to KOO, ant the machinery emergonc: be for hotrting te lowerl the propeller is remarkably xim- but of great Norse. "the usual cabins of the cummo- Se and captain are in ens of alteration, and will be fitted out as a suite of apartments for the recep: special Minister to Chiua, while new rooms are ‘on the poop or qaarter the Minne- which elegant thon of being constructed for the officers deck. We lately inapectod a model of one of sota’s 10 inch pivot guns, made by Mr Knowles, ahows the proportion of gun and carriage and the action Of the compressor and “eccentric tracks,’ as well ae the Apparat (or clevatirg and regdlating aim and direction one of these ato with mathematical moecty The «eight of ne fe 12,000 Ibe. oF an and carringe 21 000 Ibs, neh pivot gun Will project a shot weighing 190 Ibs. shoil of 108 Ibe., with a iy tb, charge of powder. une Were invented by Lieut Duhigreen, U. a N Immewote, it expected, will be ranty for ea alow 2dth (7) inet, Beetles the Mintewota, thre a and Princeton and the sioop-of war [reble are ai the Nwy Yard, The Saranac te preparing for eea.—hilasepra Anoputrer A sword of honor hae heen forwarted from Madrid to Warbingtong to be prevented to to ed Faas war steamer Waterwiteh, for « to be crew of the Spanish frigate Cartagenera, which ran » ground in the mouth of the Parana, NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY MAY 7, 1857—TRIPLE SHRET. Southern Steam Marine Enterprise, Munyaammmonovas, N.C., Apri 30, 1657. ‘To Jam Goapos Baxwurs, Fag.— ‘Thie dates from ono of the prettiest spote in the “Old North State”’—the town or village of Marfrees borough, which stands en a bigh Dluff near the baaks overlooking the stream—the Meberrin river—whose mouth is some twenty miles distant, where it empties into the river Chowan. ‘The express object of this communication is to mention a few fects touching the advantages of this point in regard to commerce, and to record the pleasing news that ‘steam marine enterprise” has taken root in the hearts of its people, through whore energy and zeal birth has been given to anoble steamer but recently launched from the banks of the Meherrin. She is intended to ply between ‘this and the great metropolis, New York city, via Eden- ton and Plymouth, and takes her appellation from a sister river in the vicinity—the Chowan, This, sir, is a new era in the history of the Old North State, which promises ‘well, and must ultimately be crowned with success, and and cone Mr. R man—s young man— whose beautiful model bears evidence » whose sy: can hardly fail to please twenty miles, where it empties itself into the Chowan. Its shores are well supplied with timber, and the river varies in depth from twenty to twenty-iive feet, with good navigation. The town contains about one thousand inhabi- city life. t numbers two churcheg, two hotels, one of which, the St Nicholas, although a somewhat antiquated tavern, where I am secre @ short season, is well bre Pe enes of a a! ree retreat, where w Properly cared for by its wi xouled Sowthern landlord, ‘Mr. James M. Trader It also Doasts of two immense atructures, female colleges, which try. The Rev. W. LL.D. 18 President of one, the Bapti-t College, and the Rov. ir, Tavis, President of the other. the Methodi-t. 5 are located on extensive lawns, withia balf mile of Seauiy of tention ane plotarcaque woeucry al ue supe. 'y of pituation ane jue scener; ne su; rior an. cannot be surparsed 7 wil ‘The Free Settlers in Virginia. Th Deitel pons een pole de be e with a groat proportion numbers, trtellect and worth of the Unit States, have had to con feex to much despondency lately on the subject of slavery im the New World. We of this generation have been brought up in the creed of unceasing, undeviating pro- gress, and are apt to feel astonir-hment and anger, if not deprersion, if each year does not exhibit some advance on the last. The abolition of negro slavery all over the civi- lized world has been bt to be merely a question of time. Clarkson and Wilberforce slew the monster among ourselves, and one of the few redeeming acts of the ‘shortived French republic was to eman- cipate the sieves of Martinique and Guadaloupe. ed ears 3 Lapa have been at eg e Ftates meelves, preaching, bharanguing, @riting, with ap enthusiasm whicb has never failed.’ Mrs. Stowe’s book made tbe tour of the world in a few mon ha, and there is hardly a specsh or language io which that voive of ing for human right has not been beard. So we in England, and a reat umber of those who agree with us in the New World, began to think *hat the long-ex- pected time, if*not athand, must yet be within the range of vision. With the whole world arrayed in condemoa- tion of the principle of slaver , surely the slaveholder would be driveu from hix old position and bis traditional arguments. It was thought the natural inferiority of the black race, the convincing argument from final cansoe— namely, the negrves existed on one side of the Alaptic, and good flelis for cotien pi and case stowing 0 the other, the Sriptural rea soning about Lot's bond servants and Philemon’s runaway tleve Onesimur, were are well given up, and that the Southerners would con! wives to their one valid argument—that slavery exists, and that it is next to impos- sible to get nd of it. But the philan have heen too sanguine in their anticipation. W1 from the vio- Jence or indiscretion of the abolitionists, or from the mag- pitude 0” the tnteresta connected with slavery. or from the deep antipathy which the white American feels towards every man of color, a decisive vote of the whole nation bar upheld the supremacy of the slave owners, and con firmed their proceedings in the Far West. Contempora. neously with this great political judgment we have had the iple of slavery asserted as exsentially and uaiver- y ry Southern Coy now & decivion of the Supreme Court of the United States pro claims that by the c netitution po man of color can have the rights of citizenship. As fur, then, as the politician and legislator cap effect it, the canse of the negro ha: retrogra ded within the last few years. Never was there a time when the public opinion of the American peo le, delibe- rately expressed, had more condemned the African race to servitude, and deviared the enforcing of la vor to be a legitimate meaas of bringing into cuitivation their great continent. ‘But great natural laes make themselves felt throngh all the turmoil of political strife; and in» of all resolutions of national’ prejudice. Americans heve said that all men are &.d equal, meaning thereby that liberty of acuon and equality of rights, though not of conditions, vere a neressity of & rly constituted society. ‘This great inciple reems de- to assert iteelf against any legis- Kitive'enactnete and any Judicial decisions which tay #rem to controvert it, Americans decide that slavery may be introducea imo any part of their country—a law stronger than themselves proclaims that slavery shail, in epite of temporary suconeses, recode bofure the ad. vancing tide of freedom Slavery treads out the compro. mise line, and declares that it will range apywher:, rom the Mexican Gulf w the Britivh frontier, Ntare, working quietly but irresiatibiy, proves that sla very is exnentially weak, wot only has no power, to conquer what it covets, but is even le of holding its own. At this very time, Southerners are all powerful iu tho Cabinet and in Cony we learn that the State of Virginia, “the Ott Domit the land of ari-tocratic tlaveuwning gentlemen, is vir ened with an inva-ion of free settlers. The case is as tows —Virginia, and particularly its eastern @mtricts, nave been under cultivation new for nearly three hundred ears. The culture of tobacco, which exhausts the land, bas been carried «m by means of slave labor. ‘The process became a ke ing one in many places as soon as steain boats ‘and railways opened richer and newer regions to the y wtly the enterprise of Virginia of late years bas been ineapa, hen directed to the pursuit of breeding slaves for Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, and other eotton growing States. Whole tracts have gone out of Soret, Population has increased slowly, while the Union has been ty ads im the path of great. ness, Virginia ent 2 imaasoors vo Congres ip 1830; sho tends only 13 now. Her ancient families are getting poor. We are told that “ debt! debt! taxes, taxes!" represent her present condition. Newspapers dilate on the wasting ‘away of the “Old Deminion,”” ite worn out soil, overcrown Golde, sedge patches, briar patches, stationary ‘population, ‘and waning influence. Whole dietrices have in fact re turned to a state of nature. In these circumstanee it is or4 apnatoral that free enterprise should be directed to tho Old State. Why should the sturdy settler go fifteen bu:nired miles inland, when on the shores of the Atlantic there are (hovsands of square milee which wait for his axe and plough? Already a considerable number of Yankees and New York ¢r» bave gone South, and now there seems to be a heme for re-poynlating the State by an organized immigration. A Mr. er, Of Manachusctts, bas founded the “ North American toad Company.’’ The shareholders are tw double their movey by ‘the friendly invasion of ‘the Old Dominion’ by a renovating army of free white labor.” A letter from thie gentleman, though ultra-American in style, in sensible in the exhausted countios can be bad for from three to five dollars the acre. This, by white colonies on ft, can be made valuable, the prcniimity of the settlement to. the mare poye fous of the Union will insure a fair supply of mere. “Kentucky and Maryland,” says Mr. thayer, “are already ‘with ' envy on the enbiime destiny of Vir are inviting the same {ny goraing ‘agency of labor to their own bordars.’? ““Militons of acres of Virginia land,” we are told, “owned by the merchants and brokers of New York and Mhiladel- ia, wil) be made available at to the present owners, who have heretofere ired of eeling it any ‘We are bound to say, however, that ‘the Old Dominion’? is pot unanimous in welcoming the “invasion.” The uk-nslavery press of the State is tly warlike. “Thin euterpriee,”’ way Yo piration particula 8 Richmond paper, ‘ie « piratical expedition against the peacs, wecurity, and welfare of the Commonwealth.’ ‘It is a crusade against slavery—a propagation of black republicanism.’ W the settiement be permitted, slavery will soon be thrown on {ta defence inetead of being a triumphant and aggressive power. Therefore, “duty w ourselves, gous, demands that and alro to our sister States of the fheee Yankee immigrants ander Eli Thayer be rao from the soll of Virginia, No nice technlcatity legal form can fetter a people ti protecting their ersential in- ten vets.’” These expressions abow protty plainly the feol- ing .of a rection with regard to the intended enterprise; but we atiach little importance to such menaces. The settlers will, cof course, be only exercising an undeniable right in buyin! & pleee of groond and gaauas ft, and the ad- vantagy? t all concerned will to? plain for any act of violence to be tolerated. We may, there- fore, trust to see free labor advance by Ite own inherent enerpics Avtoregions where siavery ling bad ite day and failed. The principle has now been definitively adopted, that every pMrt of the republic shall be opened either to cording a+ the majority may de. tke their opponents at their bt of the result. As New York ery within the memory of men still y within the Inet f , 60 we adoally push tte f in com: (ite hardy and adventurous sons. iteeif fre Hiving, and New Hiv ing ’ f ¢ sive. | | eta, for t " ne sere of the eetate Volatanka, in | the p i, mela, against thelr lawful lords | and masters, ’ Court of General Sessions. Before Judge A. D. Rusesll. CHARGS OF THE CITY JUDGE TO THE GRAND JURY— STATISTICS OF CRIME IN 1655 AnD 1866. May 6.— As soon as the court was organized the Clerk proceeded to call the Grand Jury panel, when the folowing gentemen were appointed to discharge the duties of the Grand Inquest for the ensuing term:— Jas. B, Nicholeon, Fore- James 8. _Asotarell, Eawin'P. Christy, Alfred Ootvell,” Joby C. m. Everdell, Evart A. Duyobinck, Toa. Ir, Beech Goweet, Se ata jowell bi William fH: Mersitt, ty Richero A Reading, Hubbard G. Stone, Ohver H. ¥. Townsend, Lewis K. Briage. Judge Russell then debvered tne following charge:— " Gentiemen of the Grand Jury—The law makes incun bent on the Court at each term thereof to call the attention of the Grand inquest of the ovanty to several distinct enactments, among whtch are the “ the takin of more than money is de- ey § 2 Jawa of this Clete, want he: cusaned calls of ose demeanor. Also the law relating to |. » che B 3 z, rupt means, fof vatlage, shall be punabed woverly by th right 8 severly by tine 100. imprisonment.” ‘And also, to's law coals evacted “entitled an act w suypress intemperance and regulate the sale of iatoxicating liquors.” all that is required of me now in relatiun to this law, is mere'y to cull fetiention to it geveraliy, as you are not aut wo find any indictamente ander it at the present term of this coart, Galery sar the terms of the act it became a law at thet ite , because by its provisos the Excwe Commissioners are required to meeton the third Tuesday of the present montd, for the purpose of granting licenses, and unti) they have met ond closed ther business for ear, no io- dictments can be sustatued r it, You have jurisdiction over all red within the city and coanty of New York, as ver offepces committed in other counties in ‘hy Sta‘e where the stolen ty is brought or fouud in tain county. Cases of y can inate with you, but it would be more advisable tu adout the Tale to bear only such cases as may be sent to you by ine pores Attorney after ie eee tet att tion fore @ magistrate; Jat Course jase will save your-elves considwable time and bor, for it an exemivation has taken place and che ma) ate is not satiafied that prova sie crase existe to the accused for trial, he caa by law dismiss the complaint, at. d you are not tron! with the in- veatigi Cares of misdemeavor only reash you on the apphioation of the defendant for a jury trial at the time of the prenmmaicy Hea , otherwise they are di of at tne ¥ sessions The law says iv shall take »ixtrep of you to form « quorum for the transaction of business, twelve to find an indictment, and ‘he Ike nan ber to reconsider bill after it has been found. You can fix your own hours of meeting and adjournment, aud your from attendance without an application to che court. I woulo advise you, however, to devote at Jesst four hours ea:h + ay to pablio duties. My ‘hut means you will greatly fackicata the public business, the Cour: to adminuter prompt justice. 1t is my duty to call your attention tocomp)sints that are continually made by Witz. csves summoned before the Grand Jury. itis ssid succes: 1 are discharged. I am confideus, all | bave to do is to call your attention to have the same obviated, for you must bear ip ming that the of witnewes ou are men dent on their business or daily Lsbor tor sugp:rt, cannot afford 0 lose the time required of Avis fond pe 4 to panisbment; theretore by A oben od ab inconvenience ss possii In your exanina- tion of cases the law does not require you to cumulate evideuce—all that is nectwary for to cause 7 minds by grouads ‘or £5 this rut | be. as is ne , forit ie their exelusive province to hear and determine, with tho assistance a1.@ under the direction of the court, wasther the sacred is or is not guilty on the whole evi- devee for and against him. It has bevn ssid that crime is fearfa on increwe in this city, and it wi a ae * anch was the tact, when you take into ra tion the vast extent of the city, tne annual increase of tureign » pulation, and the limited number of patroimen employed to guard and protect this great con-mercis) emporium. The entire police force amounts to twelve bundred ana two men, of which #ix bundred ano seventy #ix do patrol daty—a num- ber entirely inadequate 10 perform the duty required of them. ‘In the city of London, whico is nearly five times lurger than New York, they bave eight thovesnd policemen, and the increase of crime an- uually ix greater in proportion than it is in this city. Hut T am pleased to nay, gentlemen, tha’ crime has not mcreased in this chy during the last year. With the assistance of our capable and worthy clerk, | am enabled to jay before you from the records of this court, am accurate stai tot the namber of cures brunght in aod dispowed of from the yeur 1355 to 1456, and from 1856 to 1457, and 1 find tha: op to January, 1556, there were 997 indictments founs by the Grend Jury 142 complaints dismis- boy at ooo States — a | wt 7 4.226 sent to the , a 79 to the Honre ot Refuge; and from {5 ® Jono ary, 1857, there were 9*6 indictments toudd— 105 em pepe oe 216 sent t» the State pri-on; 1,4#7 sent to the penitentiary; 116 sent to city vison and 55 sent to the House f Refage. Yeu wil readily perceive, . from this ttatement, that crime is on the decrease, and ‘ast the police force is not aa icefficient as tary have been represented, but are as a class of men of i:tel- Ngence and good conduct, and are faithfo!, prompt and energetic in the disoharge of their pablic doy. In al) cates of a legal ori» t character “nat may orike, you can consult with che District ator Ley, who is the law officer of the court law makes it @ misdemeanor for of you todiclore the fact of an indictmen’ bay been found against a party who is not in castody or bound over to answer, You boon ren od Py number to act a» se cretary to keep minates proceedings. Yoo will pow retire, yentlomen, aud aasone ‘he duty imposed on you by law. We have obtained the statistics to which the Judge alludes, and sunjoin a detaied statement of ube various crim. es:— CONVICTIONS AXD ACQUITTALA IN THR COURTS OF OVER AND TERMINER, GENERAL AND SPRCIAL 8&8 SIONS, IN THE YRARS 18565 AND 1856. Comvte- Acqui- Comeke- Arqud- tad tod tad. tod, Marder,..... sevregecee Ot a = 1 Mansiaugbter, various degs. 8 = x 2 Arron, firet degree, <. - i Kidnapping .. i - - ~ + - 2 1 - n » Pod 6 » Mw 6 » 2 - 1 po 1 - * = Bribery. : =~ 1 ~ - Forgery, various degrees... 19 12 » 3 Burglary, various begs., and attempts to commit do... 85 as 10 al Fmbezglement.......... . 1 2 = (rand larceny, and atempts to commit OO..... 6 * ia s Obtaining goods by false pre . te ss seeeees 3 ~- 2 ty a Petit larceny and commit do, 201 «1900 Arcanit and ry 4 89 1041 Various misdemeanors. . a 10 a 19% No. of indictments found by Grand Jury. ~; smniesed by Grand Jury... M42 nt to State Privon 185, to Penitentiary... 1453 Do. do. to Oty Prison. 226 Do. do. to Houseof Refuge 7 BURGLARY. Jobn Alexander, @ young man of ahont eighteen years of axe, was put upon bis trial for burglary, in breaking into the gro sry store of John Hartman, 169 Ninth svenue, on the aught of the 17th of Jxou- ] ay. Officer Lewin Dowoults, of the Cweatieth ward, testified that by prehended the prisoner ia the act of ‘reek ne i yte Onding open bie per sor tev finely wronght s ef ma ches loome in prisoner, a very re tr keva anda qnantity ket The mother of the pectable looking widow lady, ; ranacyt sorasegy ote te Deep Sea So Lieut. Berryman’s Systems Compared, TO THE KDITOR OF THE HERALD. expedition the notice contains the follow ing;—'‘ The aceu- racy of these returns has been questioned by a very high authority at home; and as it is allied to another problem of prodigious interest, a few wards on the subject of deep eea soundings may be of interest.”? Then follows an enu- meration of certain difficulties—then we are told tha Lieut. Berryman having little reliance in the system ad vised by Lieut. Maury, made use of a self-registering clothes. T propoee to show, in the absence of afl public informa- tion as to the detai) ef this work of the tic’s—rak of descent of lend, &c.—that, the apparatus used was no im. provement on the old one, and that unti) those details are furnished, and the ‘ glaring discrepancies’’ pomted out by Lieut. Maury, reconciled, we may rest asqured that Lieut. Maury had just grounds for bis opinion, and that such suc cess as wa obtained, in bringing up specimen#, was duc to another source than new arrangement of apparatus, Tn the contruction of the new apparatus the elongated form of sinker was substituied for the spherical. [ne viongated form ix the very first that presents iwelf it origiuativg a sounding lead, for it has been in are for vhoal water sounding from the earliest ages, This change is by many Copridere! injudicious, The epherival form is pre ferred, as the law’ ~sverning its rates of descent are more readily determinea, owing to the relation of weight and surface in spheres of eqnal density; and, moreover, tt wa: found by Lieut, Maury, who comparea the rates of descent of clopgated and spherical leas, that the sphere was the quickest sinker of all in deep sea soundirg, which is at tributable to the fact that there is nothing in the form of the sphere to deflect it from the vertical line of descent. Ax the friction of the sounding line at the depth of afew bun dred fathoms renders the descent very slow, this change of form, without materially diminishing the resietanca, renders the apparatus susceptibie of deflection from the vertical line of descent, The sphere, combining great weight w th convenient form, was also particularly suited to the detaching apparatus, which it is desirable to have ax smal) and as light a4 porsthie—not exceeding a few onnces, ‘of at most a pound in weight—for then it may be recover: with the greatest ease in de) of two or three thowand fethoms, and, in fuct, from the profoundeet depths of the ocean. The United States Nautical Magazine for June describes ‘ap instrument ‘llustrative of these remarks — This change of form i productive of serious injury. The detaching apparains than four and ten pounds, In the semi fluid sinks with the leaden sinker untlh perbaps, tbe aceumulat \ feet in ended. The PT inens upon ite side oo len again, oF at least raised on end betore the long rod can be with drawn. With the sphere, on the contrary, the elasticity of the | Hop stretched line springe weight at the instant of detachment. These are not the only objections. I presume, however, they will be found sufficient in opposition to a cl e which does not prosent even one advantage. To this de fective apparatus was a with that of the propeller-shaped wheel, rable from {t. In the instrument unod the propelier-shaped wheel side of the lead, near the upper extremity. and is insepa by the Aretic If about @ point representin we describe two circles wit! revolution of the lead canses these two circles to be de scribed in equal times, there will be more resi<tance to the passage of the outer than the inner blades of the pro peller. Hence the blades of the propeller remain nearly rallel to the #ame plane, while the revolution of the vad {8 registered precivel the propeller would have been. I shall now show why the lead rotates. At the upper extremity of the rod before alluded to are twoarms by which the sinker is suspended; they are on opposite sides of the rod, and not in the same vertical plano. These two arma pro Suppocied at the euds by a span attached to whe Sounding line, They sustain tho weight or sinker sus Pended trom them by a second span passing beneath it centre, where it is kept in place by a ring, through whie! the end of the sounding rod passe. It iw plain, then, ths from the end of the rounding line to the baxo of the weight beneath the centro of gravity there is a aystom of in clined surfaces sufficient to produce a of the ead, In addition to this, less than three other independentsources of similar int ference wisb the functions of the propeller shaped whool, viz: the influence of the propeller itself and i # fixtures on, the ride of the lead; eccentricity and irregularity of #ur fave of the lead—the one exhibited wt tho Navy Depart mont being a very imperfect casting, deeply scored wit crooked tiawr—aid the tufl ence of the twisted sounding \ne; this laat modiiied by the ap plication of a swivel above the spam. As apparite, T quote in evidence of the fact in practi ve the experience and observation of Commander Berryman, who, . Maury from the United states brig am not established io the belief of recovering she line all, for it evideutly twi.ts off, no matter how slow wo han it ih.’ And this was the case in the absence of balf the source: of error which T have ov pumerated ax charactoristic of the instrament in it alta: eo form, Moreover, this ie tho testinony of all who bave noiced the movements ef the tine in going out and » coming ip, But even if the indicator could accurately rogister “ho distance parsed through the water by the lead, that would not be the vertical depth, for the wlow deecent of the elongated lead, ax before remarked, is at tributable to its deviation from the line of vertical deveont And this being the case with a lead of regular form, wat follows when encumberec by a mass of plitor, cogs, rings, springs, Dra s, screws and puts projecting ont upen tne quarter of the Wad, acting a4 ® quarter-deag. When we consider that these various errors may lie in the same or in different directions, the impoeribility of corrocting sounding Fo made becomes apparent For want of other information as to the practical workin of this axsociation of ipstruments, I refor tothe report ot Commander Berryman, published in the National Inteiti gencer and the New Yous Henaiy. It is therein stated that in at, 43 deg. 54 min, N. the Arctic’s soundings gave 1:0 fathome, although the best charw on boar: recorded 14 fathoms, “ This,’’ says the commander, “1 attribute to the means employed at the Uime that survey wae tnade Now, ifthe errore of sach instruments could be con). dered constant, the only means of determining the amounts of those errors would be @ series of careful experiments wh cach particular instrament, in depths from 100 to 860 fathoms. But the errors, as | have sty.wn, can not be com idered constant; therefore thie comparivon with records of the best charts,’ indicating ap error of 20 jer cent in the entire depth, is vo further available tha: wo show the doubtful character ef the practice. Farher publications in the Englieh papers dwell npon ‘he difficulties encountered in eooavering the line. kadeed, it wae considered necessary to ure three paris of line tor one Tp arg. ing thie question we have granted sufficient velo city of descent to overcome practically the friction of the propeller and is train of cogs. But in Macry’s “Railing Directions,” seventh edition, p 146, will be found tables showing the ‘ntervals of jus 1 for every 100 fathoms, with one and with two thirty wo pounds shot, (amall line,) from mean of soun tings by & P. Leo and man, 1851-2-3, the result of two voyages. The line was a*out 2-10ths inch in circum ference. The rates in nautical miles are aa follows: — ‘With owe 32 4th hundred 3 miles, With two 32 ob 5 © Whh one 32 Wh OD With two 321th « 2 With one 32 ah 1 Wh one 92 23d e 11.10 mie. 1Lio « With two 32 26th bad Now, it ie well known that Massey's ‘log’? is not ret adie at lower velocities than two nautical miles aa bear; yet the Diades of the “fty'* probably expare 88 square ineher of surface to the action of the passing current. Now, i it pawible that a propetier of the following dimen: sons will indicate correctly with a velocity of even two milesl— WY MRASTREMENT Length of propeller. Breadth of propeller. Katreme breadth of flange accel. The Arctic’s Wade weighed about one ro ‘each, and the line most relied upen was cable id, com. peeod of three parts of tine larger than that of the tables, comparing with it as 81 t 21 iT tables show that ioub- Ang the werght from 32 to 64 Tbe. with ine eam line jal'y alter the rate of deacent. Rut the surface # line being four times greater thas thas of th tables, it would require a lead of about 126 Ibs, to equal the Fate of the one of 32, and of 266 Ibs, to equal that of the two 32s or wonld a particular form of sinker perceptibly affect eof a descent so slow. But the roughness of the cable laid tine would increase the friction, #0 Wat the abere catimate monet be far below the mark. These facts show us clearly why the iarge liner wore al way broken at 1,500 oF 2,000 fathoms in adtempting to re cover them with Welghts ay Mfctont to carry them down, at even the low rate of one mile an hour, and why, before the invention of the detaching apparatus, no specimen of the deep cea bottom was ever obtained. The epectmens obtained by the Arctic fully confirm pre. vious observation as to the character of the deposite and OF OR OF THR INSTHOMEYTS. such m greater fathoms, dey the than (wothourand or twenty fhe hundr it i* probable that he deepest water of the platean doed not exceed that depth, JUSTICE. Knoxville Whig faye — There bas eae lace oil of wheat it East T 1b ie Kee! from thie thud harwent th at wid ae tonish the tat yield one poop be vhirty counties of this end of the Prate two miljon: of Jollare, has become & bar of iron more length, weighing about | smal) eit of the sea bottow mud affords sulicient support to enable it to mand a. to ‘upction of tripp'ng, the arms to which the leaden sinker ix fetachment i, therefore, difleult; and if the the bottom It must be weighed the light detaching apparatus from the — “ Magsey’s indicator,” which depends upon the revolutions of a propeller-shapad wheel about a vertical axis, moving a train of cogs having the wer of self-registration, heretofore rejected, for the | reraezvous ea iteelf rotates in descending. This rotation combines | or gmbitlon mey determine; while iu tneir neigh- was placed’ out on the Now, to show clearly ’ this combination of revointions:—* the vertical axis of the lead radii differing by the diamo- ter of the propelicr, the space between them will repre- vent the path it pursues ax the lead revolves; aud as the 5 an absolute revolution of We woald ask, what are the “maritime rights ” of Great Britain’ Are they exclusive? Do they claim the duminion of the seas thrvugh the te.rur of a pre- ponaeratmg naval force, and the right of that the Uni ed Staten have are too wary to be fore mnt bene Sy to furuich a certain force on | 2PUlation of 130,000,000 Irom whence she draws coast of airee for suppression of the alave | the revenues of kingd: ms; tho gicst 1 conti trade, ought never to have beet entered into. The | nent of Australia, ing wih orci’ metals, rer wi might be adduced to defend and en- fertile ih agricultural riches, avd num : as natural force thie view are manifold, intense and of vial in- | Productions unknown to other climes; her Afritan ¥ attitaie of the two nations at this , stretohing indefixitely towards the- moment is that of commercial rivals, in which ri | centre continent, the almost, valry Eng! the inidstive and coer- | boundless Territory of the ()-nadus, abounding in cive as far back as 1790, throwing innumer | furs end paval atores—that in the gvernuen and able oosteces in the way ot our peaovaole | Sdmicistration of these sty vendour abe and ate wits the world harrags | Would find sufficient to employ uil ber energies and ing that trade by the fulmination of vexatima an satisfy her utmost cupidity. But no! her maatieb’s poyances, int , Davization isws und paper | *mbition looks to than a virtaal pre- ani pa A le floating bighwaymen | POUderance in ever part of the xivde, and the on every sen to attack and + oar defcuseless | ‘ial oF entire control of all the avenues and sbyppiug. The one bundred miliious thus of trade. It devolver, therefore, ogee be erree from 1780 to 112, by @ rystew oo etraee ment of the United Staten, In its dipl inter- Dave never ear fat Aa plunder was op; |. | course and transactions with that of Great Britain, ated avd the rovbery by boldly declaring | % assume the state and attitude of an equal, prepar that it was dune to Py) maintain the “mari- | ¢4 to sustain that postion, und de end bg time rights” of Great Britaiv. and interests of our people op every sea, the pettey of our government on this s\de of the Atlan taken & stapd from which they will po: be driv n by mensce,, vented upd too sraight- and = ini tion in the Samra) adeten na Tree intercourse of other | forward to tolerate any divh-mutic cajulery, England pation? Hi no otber nations “maritime | Will not recklesmty prowke a covtext ue the great rgbta’” in a ‘ike general aud soverign sonse? or are | Western Revabltc, in which she would lee so muck erig) they ndent for the privilege on what them dern suto.rat may concede as a@ favor, or charitably per- Dic them to glean from the limitless ticld of her Own povdercus and oppressive raperfiatty? These guerits are pertinent, and will not appear less forci- ble or interes‘ing if #e take a has’y glauce at «me of the points a’ i of whi h Englano has alread: poreetred berse'f, either by force or strategy, ia all parts of the globe. at some then? tay ae “ te. foreign war ip defence of our nor, would not, it is be ieved. be ing the adriatic; and He togoland, in the North and gain so Hale, Rut even -hould circametances determine events different!) ,a.d war unfortunately ensue betwen t’ ¢ two nations, what far may and does buve ite compensations, jy attened with actual bene- rights aod tase of un- bor mitigated calamity. Wages witb Rritain, it wowd tfecteal'y ‘heck?’ the bans tal wfinence exerted. Europe, Gibralter commanding the catrance j by ber among us, through the idensit; of race Bh. Mediterranean; Malta, near Sicily, whic | language literature and certam princi tre enables ber to watch the coast of Egypt; the io | government, Wy viel she toubles our qa‘et, ene man Islands, on the west co.nt of tireeve, courages and invigorates dirlovsl and dangerons, tione, and u#isg the ely ry question asa fol. crom, with a depree of succee, we are grievd to fea, sentineling the mouths of the Elbe and the = : Good 5 mit, one portion of the sates against the x "elena, where pot can turned wh other, Tdting i jealoury and exasrerating to ‘Labeun, Do less ipertant trom ite posi- In North America, Vapouuver’s Island, on the Paci- | 8rdor the fic, and om the Atlantic, Quebec, Halifax, the Ber- nudas, with Hondaras and whatever else she claims oy bes appropriuted in Central america. There are bat @ porvon of the tor:ifled watch towers encircling the globe, from whence her eye #iences ip every direction, und frets gud armies may aad be dispatoned wherever her greea and treason have weakened snd cab the nation, by calling into intent apd ra developement the boundless vorhood, apd op every coast, are innus erapie istauds the sea, for the purposes of refresument, retittiug, o>- taining twformanon, &c., while namvers are avpually being converted into coul depets for tue service of ber suymented steam marine. Iu the vossession of Vancouver's Island tt wil) be percei ed that Eng junc cen easily establish a formidable naval station ow the Pactfic, whence fleets muy at any time me- pace the Columbia and San Francisco, and in vari troubie and interfere with us mm those wa ‘oal depote are alr being established there Britieh influence is ag, if at Pe comer, therefore, the ere disro; The and foreign war. TO THE EDITOR OF THY HKRALD. ters. while at the Sandwich Islands. It bec matter of vitel graph [relative to the Indian disturbance nce to the United States that Dodge, I request leave, through the columpa bie, on 1 d. i inot far @ eater moment, “bat rhe dees not inclore our commercial outlet to the Atisntic with a chain of military powts aud na- val stetions, stretching from Cape Brewn to Porto Bello. With Central America England can have no righ to interfere authoratively, supported by ao armed nd this the United States sbould iusist upon ards § his continent ix not to be subjected to the polical and commercial influence and domua- doy of Europe, or any partof Burove. The soil ts helo by new pesries, under pew upd for the most part vrseotially differing mattutiona und governments. Ove great repablic, popolons, intell.ent, wea thy, enterprinng, end with au netive trade reaching every part of the wotld, develupinu its vast re- ncurces and all the copcomitants ut wational «teat bres With a rapids y spd gear deur unparalleled in the bir tory Davons, seems cestived by Provi- dence to be @ protector of the weaker 8 atu aud the oisreminator of » mors! and political ir fluence whi sb +heli operate behefieiaily for «ne sucial improve ment, clvitizstion, freedom and prosperity of the na- ope inhabiting this continent. Chat cepablic is ‘be Unitea States of America. Besides, our western toundary is on the Pacific, comprenenaing rich and extensive territories, with whish the interests of Ube whole Union are closely linked, so much so that the Isthmus has become of vital i npo.tance to this netion aa @ safe ana exp ditions transit to these countries. No furepean power has any in- terest im that transit at all oompurable with tuat of the United Btater, and mat not be per vitted to ex- evewe any juriediction over the noil, or the coast, or either terminus. The soversignty is vested in tho of that place. Now, sir, J would state, that on the 25th of Inet with various ting was beld in the school house of of eaid reports, and for taking the neceweary true, I attended that meeting, that the reports were considore ter part ‘of valor, it was de med neomsary to we but this was done more to allay the the country, than from an, the part of the citizens of Dolge tbe future regulation of the mame. This I assert from Timidity perhaps may may, should the United Btates mest on oe vevring trom te territories ehe bas seized and oc oped on the Caribbean sea, and withdrawing herself from sil wtertererce with the affairs of Centrat america, et, tooner than yield, she will make war, To mitive knowledge, the northern frontiers of the State, New York, May 5, Having observed in your piper of thi« morning @ pare in Towa, which I conceive to be Uable to cause great uneasiness in ther minds of those who have friends in the viciaity of Fort hatred _ It is well known that we h«ve in our yave, ond than nesr rts anatical and traito:ous demagogues in no: ‘sume, 0 ee, ae eet ot contemptible numbers, who ure «esltnily feel or settlements. On the Hed Sea the im- | their way to disupion, and eno wil) hee prrgnsble fortress of aden the Gioraltar of the ae feniile camnateeyie uuless Prwidence In some the ph ar the pe dhved age mye ny Gut r4 war with England would fall lke the thander- of Mansar; Karak, a recent ronbery in the Perman belt among them, end overturn and o-aiter tie Gis. Guli; Singapore, in the Malay archipelago, and pivers and | nactyeteaaher § ‘o the er ote Kong, controntiog the entra ce to ton. { of heaven. It would certain'y cull nto new and. a gokart ugtlse ow #0 a thetic, it th ot i ‘nich = Te-kn' eo ania wi the tatorial and ingolp:e of facvious States. War 7 a amsanarncty tw the _ dic- resources: with wbich pature has enncneo our country, and which have so long and +o abemefully laid dormant, building up pa omen, pe Rew svenued of enterprise, enlarging the f-' of labor, and lay- foundation sabstantial where ber ships bave at sume po iod wood and water, or trom mare cacieslts, plauted | ing the for real thriit and « pole and hoisted a flag, with due cute of tuking wealth, im the place of ee and fancied poseersion in form, but which she has uot found, as nec ig nally, war wuld rid us, oe aod yet, @ pecessity or interest for ovcupying, Still forever, of the host of felons umd pextilen: rey are convenient pointe for pre or = Britain has a 4 fae rage wnt tquadrons to touch at iu their va: ious cvurses over ee ney ot the Ucie. And auiom jeaven in mercy turn the heurte of the ehildcen to memory of pa riotic mouldering fathers, thone of us who love and reverence te Unton, will , have only the choice left as between’ civil Indian Troubies in Iowa. 14857. of your Indians D and entire coast of suis, independent of | paper, to offer a few remarks on that subject. nglund, aball vot be exposed to peril—not he inter- It is stated in the paragraph referred to, that ov Satur- rupted, shackled, or cotapromittet the day, the 26th ult., a band of five or six hundred ‘srogent pretension, or hose a-titude of in; , : had coossed the Des Moires river, in the neighborhood of Fort Dodge, and that groat apxivty was felt for the safety month T left Fort Dodge, and that up to the time of my departure: there was no poritive information of any Indians being im the vicinity of Fort Dodge nearer than Spirit lake, a point some ninety miles distant in a aoe hweetern direction, and the citizens of Fort Dodge reneral y camslered themselves perfectly secure from any attack from them; although, I murt admit that considerable excitimeut existed thore ia congequence of some Fixty OF ReventY families having iw the Cay previously from the «ttle montabove Poet Dodge, ficting reports of Indians being iu the orhood, and {n consequence of which repor come Fricay evening, for the purpose of a<certaining the truth ¥ measures for their defener,in case they shoukl prove * the result of it wae to be entirely withous foundation. having their origin entirely in the imaginative brain of those who are ever realy Ww give ear to any hor- rible report, without taking the trouble to inquire inte the truth of it; but as dmcreticn ie slways consdered the bet- semd ous «ruts in various directions, ty acrtain if there really e any Indians ip the neighborhood, and also to orga: to rompanies for defence, in care anything might happen ; fear of the settler= in» real anticipation of danger up 1 might be prerumed from the wording of the paragrapb: © referred to, that Fort Dodge wae a military post; A the case, for it ax thriving a litte town with an’ energetic pos uation im tt and ite ity, eulhcient to give wuch a reception i» i Beaten of Centra! Saeice; sed okh of six hutvtred fudiane that ever travelled across them alone ougb’ thie goverumen} to treat for s free | ihe prairies, an would eitretually put the sotion ont of thei apd fu) paerage to and trum the Pacific, and Of altacking that, or any othe: town for the fa. having been a member of one of the volunteer companies there organized last March, for the protection of tho settlers vu Shoukl there be auy truth in the report referred to, 1 must vay that I give no creeenee Wy It; sod T have been’ a. resident of lowa and other f ontier Ststes for the hast six or reven years, but as I know that it iv creating great +cch we reply, there are three nationn, inet any rm amovg-t thee who have fiends in that ands one of whe b, st thie time, England will not, ana | tera ed} becumm ocqrainted with Ine amity he ‘s jare 10t make war single handed. Vhey are France, | city that that and similar reporw have deterred from, Roreia, apd the United Staves. Evgiand would | «migrating to that country, I have deemed it my daty to er have ventured on the late Raswiau war bat for | oer for your consideration the abeve remarks, Should, the Poeneb alliance. In the Crimea she not onl: you consiler them worthy of pubiiention you will ~{ JAMES K. WRIG! The Turf. TMION COURSK, L L- TROTTING, of which only Uiree came to the pet, via. —d. A very exciting trot took piace on the Union tract or- Tuesday last, mile heae, beat three in dive, im harness, for 2 puree and stake. Fight horses were entered for the race, &. Geri Darey, br. m, Beile of Portinnd, and b. m. Stella. The ated ta toggle was betwees Durcy and Beile. Stella being out of impotent bravado on toe wat-re of the Baltic and | dition and unable to keep up with the others in (he kb eee os Vane eee Sen aD ee ter part of the two first beats, was withdrawn aller the batteries. second beat. Belle of Portland the favorite pre. vale The successful introduction of the steam engine beater to the start, at two to one. Geni, won the race tr {Sty stage on 0 preneine pooet hae creates 40 OD- | ibree straight bents, Stelia exhibited great -peed, and wil e naval warfare. Maritime nations | under btediy do better after having had more work. The are thus pieced more than ever on an and | race was reepectably attended. following are t)* par on board steamers, save for the mere working of the | ticulars — i. "inensiy asses of eae | wan Ramen et map. Li] ano r ire ‘ . Bove been immmessarable imcreassd, 00 pontine oer way past the quarter pale ln 81 i seats oo 0 br 4 with France we feel sure that we bazerd nothing in | ‘!* Pole in 1:16.” Belle of Portmnd Wer an eas Aes the lead, and soup cut down Stella and waying that Evgland could pot it the tuto | gewing; che broke up, however, ob the jower mrn, which dnetion of @ French army into Ireland, aud the die we Darcy 9 breathing spell, and be wae ready as-« for inemberment of tha: lung abor~d Kingdom from the | fer een rhe came to him, They trotted Boe Bnitieb re Even le elt te favad- homestretch to the Sar ees —. - ed an t starving, diecon' bru- | ‘loundered about bar ~ ‘beat the mare the tulized a they are, be roused te oa. covered at the rame time, and Darcy . in 2:35 Ina war Ruesia she wool) only be ronal bay aby 9 Bin gs fea ene after +, poh oped an haa JE Tuinous sarrifice of | ye piven, trotting arvund Bee nay deauti le, secum of coutempt not to ading he quarter pole tn 38 eeconde, 9 1. thonght of. eemtetied An dine Eee trey, Bf ob fruaod well a alia 4 contert with the United States would be stilt | wos ret at the ball mile pole, iv 1:11, but hore aby amp more disastrous, Unduubtedly at the onset she | to ''), and Dance went fn, frum. The alte woul xn mipht do aeced Stella on the lower turD, . t sot bp our Unesco nag Fy I feoetrrent of Tarey. He beat Ber home two lee. sin strnction t her mercantile mariue, and uldunately | joni of well togerher: Dotwoon Darcy gut away ine ore 4 Commerce from every ea. The injury | yeare and kept the ne 10 Ue ow winning by ‘7 which she might indie © Genet would be par | four tengihe, in "90, The following te a summer: vel and ten porary. "Our teene cauee on the sea. Teeenay, May 5.—F 250, mile beats. .0e8% board, with their present de’euces, could very soun a be rendered fnvalvereble against any attack from ee the #ev, while al attempts to land trmps would 8 3dr be attended with certain destruction Wh ae ever twenty-six wand milea of failway tre | ar versing ihe Tevubie 1 every divectim, ard th ar vest rivers of the i: terior i na netable | ar ateamers, troops end munivions, could 06 | Owner entered b. @. Andrew Sheehan ar conveyed to any exposed or menaced pulat wita & \ Time—2 8 4-2 95—2 36. CCl lhl ec ml OO Tt