The New York Herald Newspaper, December 22, 1856, Page 2

CUR RELATIONS WITH NEW CANADA. Letter from Ex-President Mesquers ta Meply tu @lerce’s Message. ‘We circomstance of my presrpoe 1a New York aifor’s wwe bbe opporiuoy of Weanog she roiiaimae of ine two eaiions m view of tho mesrage ot the Presdeut of the Amerwan Oongress, 1a waccd oufiial presovted (Re que.tune (hat Bad arisen be COUDL es ID Av erroneous Manes, aud & witapprebens.n of the facts. My poeinuen as & pooiic map in Now Granada, Deing as tbe present time & Sevator of the Fegadiic, 4n4 tbe oitlonr 21006 0 ¢ orcige Lhe executive power iD Case of tho dvach or Fen ge: of 1be actual Ear CULtVe. LDposes npos me LOE dury 0: celepding the uaitonal right, and of 0g my country, 10 10e United srates, and to the whole world, abe nolo an Whey exist, and 1be questions ‘rom ibolr true pow of view. The oorsametance cf my baving been the Provident of fimo repudlic from 1540 Ww i549, dareg which ime the areaty of peace aud amy with che Uvived Seales wae made, ruabies Me LO real the question, presentwg & Te ‘wen pect: \ew, in orcer tha, 4 may oe xeen (a ite Wue ight auo exb biting on whica side juauce Lies ta koe pre ent political emerqevoy. ‘Tbe Uvited States had pot been ale to obiain irom Wew Granada @ new treaiy of commerce aua trend- bip afer We expbadon of that maae wish Colombe, @@ tbe Sd ©! Uetobur, 18.4, exchanged ss Washington jm the 2 ch day of May, 1826, and expiring in twoive years, as stipolated by the trst clause of the Sist arti ele, or tue 27th of May, 1837. For nive years New Gres: sasteiced the principle of differential du tee, wich was re jeoted by the Uatted States, for whicn yeavon s Dew treaty could not be meie, aad the amori- ean Minister Bad not been adle v0 obtain aay concession. Wobe ww charge of the Exeoutive power as Presdent of ube republic, | adopted # dill-rens jourse, an¢ deemed Reo sea! y 10 sdONIBL Lhe villereotiai duties, With tnaod- ‘eot | proponed, curing ® conversation with idr, Ba Fralock, Charge @’ afluirs for tho U 3 , the nego vradon of at eaty, tu Which the diierenua! daties er0uld be abolinbed, and that we smould ener upon more 10t mete relations with the American republic, Mr. Bidiack geoelved witn pleasure and Furprine My i0\\mLL.oN, Lor Bo Gur wes he from Doping to obtain this, Ine ne had Dot fell powers 10 makes treaty. 1 wntimaied to him thet toe Secreiar) ior Foreign atairt, Sor MM. Wallariwo, now verted «wih the execuive power, as Vico President, wre aiready authorized te couter wid hm privarety, i @reer to avoid comprications Wiib ower dip omauc repre sentatives, who availed tuomecives of ‘heir portion .8+be @owiry to prevent New Granada irom sbolshwg the @itorenial duties. 1 baa in view @ higher object, whick was the conatruc- Mea Of ao Wter-voeanic raluroad on whe lsthrous o| Panama, fier the service of the commerne of the worid, and for ‘te porpom baa directed the New | apatian Miaisver io Brapee spd Evginud, inat he shoud propuee io those go- yerpmen.e & ireaty puaranseeing ine peutraty of we Wethmus and the sovereignty of that territory | pro tbe same to Mr. Bidisek, and the Secretary for eign Allairs drow Up tbe proposision contatzed ia toe Agi article of the emewog Lrealy: ii Was NOt Lil Saat Dro- peeiiire baa been accepted thet a contracs for » rauroad as Pacame was meoe with a Srench company, repre- wented by Mr. Mawo Kiciu, aud the sacmedration mak: d ior the pageaee of tbe socond article of the lesz jattve decree of #b of Jane, 1847, autho tt transfer Wat priviicge to aay omer comoaay, if the Breneh company did ot carry %t into erect. Under thie sutvority, | direcied thet the al ir saout be waasferred trom (be New Granetiau Legation io Freace We we one in the Caied Sraies as tne Americas go Wernient bad approved we conduc: vf its r-prementative Mir. Bidlack in uegouaicgjoe treaty with Now Craneds ‘Tale iresty, proposed 6b spe rati by the admimisration ever which | presided, for me puspose af Grawing closer ‘Whe rejavione Detween the two republics, was accepiet Witboui viber ve ation than the wording 0! the 1 te 6, 7 B, 30, 35, 16 t094, and 27 fe eM ariicle-, whick, sitor2¢g2 the articles proposed weaved io same Maders, Mr. Bid tuck desired enould be worded a4 tu eiuuliar arti cies 2 tho meaty of the 6th pecember, 1825, tween the Caited States and Cextral America, to woica | bed no odjecuou, we the munver of wording ony was jot. The mem- bers of Mr. Pola ss ministration, Mr « , the ponent Seoretary of Site, aud Mr. Bo uecag, toe eres dent 0 ibm r puolic, weil sauw the Qustory 6. thin alte eed what wae the friendly ieelng of New Granaie toward ame Uoned Sates, wbicb ebouid not de lorgotes in ine Bimory oi tae ‘vreigh relations of a cougiry, tae more #9, as ine views WLich amigated the two goveramonta had a wed by the Preeaen. vented the ratiicatiou of the trea fy by the Cungreen of 1Bi6-7, tae approval By the & us © Betog waning, and aDlagouistic views cxisung oa tae part of other governmenss, w:cd aveired that (ne Should uot be approved by tue Chik am €x.raordinary Mission Leceow Berron was appointed kavoy Penipotenuary, © urge the approre or & be stimulat” the formation of a compray den of tbe railroad Detween the two acd Gewral Pa ry and Minwier mbo saw We impor.auce of the questics. wits WB. Aspinwall, Jona tioyd & by Geveral derrec Bb of December, i648, which | approved au re Gent of the Republic, ant l asked for ine law p eteed 0} the (4b of Jove, 1948, wo! tae mipiration wat Fu: a After 120 exchange of ine troaty of 1446, 08 Wwe 10te June, 3848, approved by us Greumdian Congress sat etifed by ibe Ameriza Jegate, i bave made tule simple Sut importact reiaiion, to prove, Girst, that ne loyal cuurne of New Graaaia, pro- Moting (ae generss \DIe;este cf both Batons, 14 of muod valve in Goertions of poli.y, acd dt 20s Mert ime ca. wortby manner in which the (ranadian poopie ave boon Abqaigd by some of the agents of the American go rera ment Second, that no one can Delior | sipala- thons of aireaty iban those who bave mado !t, aut tairt, ‘hat oo entering Upon the ques'iou in order to dispel re ‘ere my OWS countrymen, the ciuizens of the ‘auited Mates, bud ihe Civilized worid, tbe errors to the /’rost- dent's mess age, | possere the requisive dasa, aa & Sepster of the republic of New Gravads, 1} shall false my Voice Lelore my counirymes to ieiwud oar ue thowal rights, Wo do justioe Ww just claims, aod to how Met since 1866 1 aad foreeeeu the er2aus ot we 10¢a Of April, 1656, for | knew how afflura were macaged at Panawe. ‘The quesiion must be divided loto \wo parte: let, That which bas resioa to Whe foreign alairs of the t - ons, and, dod, Ihe question peculiar to we Paosme ‘Rajlrosa Vom pany Betore coing that, | have i set forth o\ber satece- ents, ae tb? allair ts (00 complex w bo treased ecurely veparaic. ‘Whe the Panama !ulroad Compacy was carryiag on fas Work We rich goid mioes of Caliora were aiscovercd, amd the Isthmus bicame the evene of transt Detween Nerth Americe aud Ecrope ona Cufornis. che ovastry was invaded by an immense immigrauon, and We golien wealth of Calucri.e orocgbt to ! aames ana Coagres men {i auiracted no, oc ly asofal man, bat also ® evi Gorra from aii BAuOgR, for toe par. it ~ nd becoming rick [eo anctent morality of the (ranavian people was tne ouly bar iat preveu'ed aisorder, Notwitastandiog the adventurers tat went from diverse pisos con. menced w create confusion by opposing the au Morities uf the country, wad Were were ee tebbab: d io the Gransdian (orritories, villages aad ham- Jets of loreigners who violated tie laws, aad claimed for themecives the right of execaticg jastie. From that ‘tame men who hed neuber onaray aor Chrisuen prin tuned their Grearms agaians ibe unarmed colored inane of the ithmas, in the veilof tast tne killing of ry ‘was (he fame as sHOOlng 8 Monkey. These man Wore not restrained by We example of we large Gam rer @f wel: bebaved persons who, in weir iraust throaga Panama, were usefai to its iaveross. Toe evil deposed were jolbet Dy Others, Diacks Woo came from J/ammica, Saint Domingo anc ower islands, and from tee Auandc sonst of New wraueds ; 0d reiaistion sooa Dogac bo ween whites and olces To reiaie now ihe history of tho fix years that have famed oa the istomcs of Panama would beto present he Mos! OMINOUS Piure oI the crimes commited, al- Mpoet wiways insiigaies Ly evil aiepred foregacrs. [ne jous became ally more excited. ia Mar, i860, Several Freuchmen aitemptet w do theuseives jus- Woe by \evestgntiog @ roboery; sod nen wey Were abrut to panied the muspecied oriminal {} was re. Ported that they were about w baog him, whlch pro @n0ed 5 tu similiar to thas Of the 16x Of April. 1956. Fortenstely, 1 bappered & be in Panama, and vetng \o- formed of the atiair, | wont Wo #onteu tbe Governor, aad was enadied Wo prevent greater evils by @flording proves tion Ww the wansient perrons and residents of Pacama. ‘The theives who bad congregaved on tue istameas from Aiflereut points threalened ihe trausit of sreasare, aad knowing We imporvance of safety 19 the inter oceanic trade, | ovligeied myself to the insurance companies protect the treasure, and my obligeions were fui In 1861, an irish geotieman and others, Americany undertowk to Make @ revolution ia tae gons”) be wacked by thore people, avd they sek «1 for proteo- on from Governor Oba.dis. Boing &: that Ume va the Bethmus, the Governor piscé 4 the lim.ted force \uere uoder my orders, and the dmorder was suppressed acd sea Pity giveo to the foreign treasure ‘oe Panama firond Jompaay were not ablo pr their road or wnat > osnaa, and ibe auader wousanca of foregners Carried Were ab tae 06%, Bere in the grenver part, yiotums to the inssluoruy the deleterious climate of toe virgla forests of the ita a when Mr. Toten indicated to ft we only method of carry Bg ut the enterprise Ly bringing ustives of New Gra ads from the provwees of Our\usgooa and Ssvamiia There were the ure'ul inborers whe couatrncted inst yoad—Mr. Totten being saris by the good offloes of Generai Joaquia ede Guterrer. who consianuy sap plied the Work wits «ands till ke oonciasion of tas drt iwthm ue route open | to We commerce of tbe world. ‘The Istomas tra belog opened irom ov¢ eee to the aber, Panama |) tho only advantages |'¢ indabiten® obtained from (eit position, wales were (as waa freignts, The ¢ ooeerions made by the goveramen' aod the inbabitwcts of lands for the roadway ao ations, the greaver part grataitous, aut the omer fall cont, orooght wo indemnity to the inbronanw T onvesion made by New Granata, ia 1B HOLwLet cuty on goods passing througu vor spptecia‘ed. Aud because she hast ebolished al! \ocom Gautier on the isihmas, ie order ant WO Mocs the trie aWthoOUgh the manner of proooediag tm the Collection such duties |) expressly sted io ine coutract With \\~ Kallroad Compacy, \ is now assumed that New Granada Gas no right to impose duties, Ali thie te worth muca more than toe (yiifn! indemaity of the portion that correspond to tne repeniic for the rigate be bas ae sovereign of the territory anotacr piace 1 will further eincioate this point in reviewing each of ‘the four wi the Presidewt bas touched ia the Mos. mage. “tne Menmage sates that the government of Underiook, ® Year since to impore ton. on foreign vessels in her porte oy this government, eg brenty *tipulations nso nferre) by Charter upon the y, ond thay Panama Ra\iroad quinhed ot that ¢ were epre porte of Pawama and ve pis Thie jt an error, Tae Siete of Pacoma enacted a tom | | | | | gumranees han power | Diews. sir:pes, and obser mewlle, there page lew. not ibe whch sine wo regaite foreign 5 Granada, ae B the United | governable, whe returned bw for whoa 4 tor tis bos 2a@ of reclame: | reapap, and the know\-dge | of the, 1 sup be American jaw was ao- | ported op the (oor of Cuveress in 1866, tho ot 4) $b ad opee out off the question whict bad bewa | Geperal Herrap, thex Seoreiary of ‘War, that » be government of tho Camed States. Theo | garrison shouli bo maipmwed io Two “8 were persed iv wat year, and in the last 160 men were sri down af ® permanent force ia Paparma, spainst the opimor of the reclcal party wach ‘wl be found in the records of the Senate Congress of New Grana ia 1g lor we entire republic tne toh | evewined the abolition ef a ding army, 7 rogatiag the former iawe winch abo | Congrets prov s tbat it nated to Gaines theme ot lished gbese utiles inthe free porte of Tamaoe, Bucus | the isthmus The tranyotihy that reigved im tne conairy Oartbegena, Pavams, Montijo ocas dei Toro, | ipouced the rew secretary of WaP, agaiast the opiaion y snd Cvlon, (aspinwall). Upon wis arti | of os who aeaed fora gerrisom, pot to send tt, but to cle of whe treaty doas tho Preakient | condde the seourity of she Isthmus to tts paties. "When I found bie BUppoSion: ‘Voie law Of wonage anes is coa mary to the treaty? Toere is 00 2000 sipula.ou; op the cou rm@y, the thirty BAb ariicie siipalates, amoog other things, ae follows:-—"'The government ol New Grensce ibe goverum-at of toe United states ihas the right of way or transit across the Isthmus of Peaaas, Upon any Medes of Communication thal LOW existor may be bereafier constructed, rhaii be ope and free to toe gover Dm nt and citizens of the United ates, aad for tue temp riation of any arvicles of produce, mauafactures OF wes chanc ie of aw fu! commeron Deivag ing 1 clazens of Abe Unned State; that po other (008 or charges spall be levied open cue citizens of the United States, or sor aid mercdandine, thus paselbg over apy roed or cagal that ms) be made Dy the government of New Granade. or by vhe ausbeihy Of we same, than ie under ike cle cumetances levied upor and 20! ectes from the Grapadian citraece ”” ‘the article parsed through Panama in Acguss, 1856. I advised aeve- val memocre of the Date Leg ature ask for the garri- fon accorded by law, Which they did; but Lae govern. ment deemed that pubdlis ordor oocia ve wel! maintaiced > ofthe bthmus, Under mne in September last | heracd that, 6 of the sorimony wih which \ has been ped related by persons !pterested in magnifying |. 44 follows: AD American, whose name has beea pub) sted 1a Oaii- with @ colored fornia papers, ‘dispo fired » pistol at bia, and ‘wo Each bad fi the co: ict became g taste for such aifsirs, while the voice of men was overdorne ot The Governor was called, and when arrived af the scene of tumuit, De, and those accom pans. venson ae adove em acied says that New Granade were fred upow from the railroad station; Mr, iy gusrantees tbe right of way or tracatt. Tum is clearly clerk of (be american Oossul, and Senor Obar- and expressly the right or power of pasting over che | ; fo, a citizen of avama, were woundes, aad a ball pase- roma or roacs that may be wade op the wus, ead the | ed Ibrongh ine hat of the Governor. ‘The Governor or. esbing o/ LOBEHGINg B POrivcs Fight Oi trausi, is Clear, as | / ered tho Chief of Police to occupy the station hovee, abpoer we of nations woicb defues the rights, and | \sipg foros if bh wes fired upon, and this gave rise to the Dieveribes tbe Autie of Yatioor ‘u their inte conree with | | ro‘opged tum durivg which eighteen persons became each oiner i ls Kee wn thas the sovereign of & country | victims, who (ove not been identified because of the con. may concede or deny to foreigners the right cf transit or residcoce. The same ariicic w toe above extract lua Te rigOt s! impos g Wile OF Charges CM ADE travsit wo tre term tbe: tuey anal! bs sizocommon wo Granailans. | ‘2 cepaeqven'ly clear bow this right of tolla and charger is to de arderstood and these Words dave as acaplo » sigcitication in Spaniah sa in Evgltnn; ‘tolle,”? moaning ein paid for some Liberty or priv.fegey’? Rad the moaa- ime of “cbarge ' iu tis case ls even more exprasa, 1b Le- Dg ‘0 et oF lay ob: oAmpose ane tax *” lve rome article of she weasy etipulatow thet ‘mport dy Lies may be Culiscted in the cocptry, sed tast pox fusion, ard of the departure of the passengers for Cai!- Jornia, This ominous affair, like those of ree and Paname ‘p 185° hes taken apother character menper ip which the Consul, Mr, Ward, bas conducted, embittertng It on his side, from the negieot of oppor tune messures on ihegee of the suthorities, who found \bemze!vea impotent Tbr ing the disorder. Unforiunstely, the tnvarion of Nicaragua by Walk . bad given rise to alarm among & par. of the poopy the oonntry, and it waa stated that the Plibusiers er: aboot to invade the lethmes. jale persons who hac come to attle 1b Panamws, with perhape ovii invemdous, whkh may hare paid them, shall be enstiled | circuleted a rumor sbout that time that the invaders lo drawback upon their expurtauon. ais | wereamong the transit pesseugers, and they excites tne directly proves that Sew runsde has ine | pegroee by telling them thet iey would be returned io pertect righs to impose Quivers OB goods passing over the } elavery. ie miserable intrigue among an igaoraut reilvead, with the stipulation shat +hey snail aso bo pad by Granadiaps, The qne-Gon wih the company! will \eat w awowber place, ae ite coteroasoval question i Gret = =The Soin —_ wleo eatedlicnes the me ot Colechibg export aules and regulating Commerce, always uncer tbe ‘se pponion of payibg daca! daies, and refers to the artioics which abolish the @i:)-rential dusies: and ‘hw erticle concludes by s\tpolating wat the Catied Sater \p return for these concessions will guaractee to New Grail ada th) peutralily of Whe letbmus aad sore: ty uf ube territory, which are she only guarantees | Carirves ‘rom We mipuiaiiou. Thee lipuiations were made oy New Gransoa with ®& liberal ‘eelirg towards th: commerce of civiized Betions, and that she migot people bas proguced ite J) elects, and lt has requires great exer&cn to remove thie impreesisc, and preveut Ube establishment of @ popular error which mignt briuy Dew Cwustars. ‘Suen are, in short, tho facts which bave been clon.y and copesi(muously expixiued by senor Pom 0, the Svc retary of Foreign “Allaire, 10 the American Bogoia. It would be wo long to enter Gere Upon a Lis cussion, pout Dy point, of this matter, aud whai I have raid ctates ttclearly When the firet wivices reached Bogota I took 9 sion (0 tay, ms & S.nator, ducing @ conference 0! i two houses of Congress, thai tae ua isp apd ine govern Ae Deveemty of remedying thea meal were uuder enjoy uxder them the Mivantage of export | evi, and dog ample jns: ie une matier, in order Ww tng “the protucts of Soutsern acd weewra | avi ipternasional quessious, I waz coatradicied by » provmwees of the repal: which i@ the Otly ad | member of ine re. party, when I presented toe whe qresion ia. ag think. a cies” and Cogciuaiv® mauner de suman MeveMeDis ho oy frente, we Vice Presi cP the Repubuc, now ec (oe eresitenl, aud to the ce retary for roreign Afsirs, wd afterwarde | sestaneo & Diu for creating @ pxrmancnt force, to gerrinon Panama ane Other polls, supyoruug the Secretary of War, Senor Jsremillo, and depute who wiroduced une bill, wo ‘wos parse | Dy the louse 01 Pepresentauves tuw your. o he cquert of the executive ower. AL tis enows that Congrore and the exasutive power bave hag, apd Bayes wish Ww De ju linillepor 8 Of @ demorratic repavilc debilitaw exe yaui®ge the couotry cad have in carrying on her \rage through tbe roule; aud to oon this, ebe hae Gret to oonatrvct other rusde from .be ioterior 19 the cosat of te Paciic, Taroughout the treaty, ine tr cipreety of favors ‘# exknaed equally to ine ted Staies apd New Granada—tbat w to say, their citiacas, poster gers, versels, merchan tise and correspondeoce 1 Wu BOW pase lo lhe s6ovud euesiiua—ibe law ia ve gard to postage io be codected on the mais ond vorree ponaence of the United Stave The Mevsago. aye (he tax or cop'ribution demanded Je more than thee doljers on fyery pound of mail muiter trausported across 0 ihe mac! Pusama. Too law tmelf stipviates ouly echt, we alatr a50Ui0 But D6 precipiiasd toa suluion, lestes wails eball pay on croewivg We lstumus iho wens | Woe aed We beve proved & VeleuieU: dure as i» now pald by Gress Britain, accurding @ theconyen- | to arrange % axuwaby, Wb th edt we Won of thai government with tne repcouc The execuve pow @reckd tee reurn irom Cosi genera! one for foreign male cros-\ag the iedwueia | 5 rT, aud that he might 1 xiao te we Cuited © aus, bopng always Wari the 1 the members cf the a met wo ur de Choed begs, Unat wo say, over letbmos aot mot only by the rail y rosd over tae oad = This evact aco amd tu ment, which is oentsined in the 4: article of tne e to 8 law of soib of April, 1850, is in uponrdance with 6 80 long aince eelabushed eween th he law of 7th of June, 18°), which euthorizes the ox- eoutive power to permit, bewween tae ports acd a sent ment of Abd CRagres. (pow Coloe,) sud Tsneme aad t ae oe x x = ae Ares of pees en Series SH BES: 0 ey Were, Of wnat nations it Deu Mt in any other cain the grewvost posible advantages for une siaie. ee. Se The Iaw was approved ooly taree ‘ays after (he ap- of the comtract with the Pagsus Ralrow . noe s of Irlendiy rev ed States WOuld bring inal @ nailon 0: two ands halt mi that be waoe poyn'cs sigue ad aisorters be ay Who was ip Bogota st that ume: witb We Sth arvc's oi the Iew of 2vto of apni, Which directs the collection cf ® postage of ditewn con's % Weighing more toan belt an ounce, abty Gye vents lor ew aunt, ead 40 oD la peo . BO tbat be Rew law redioes the postage {ram bce Tue same law Tae PONdeNGs CrOss.0¢ Coat uitises, actior a a wot be unduly bs a about w ata aeparung from powe i na sstac sorily wettied 4 ‘The im ) ced Promdents, air Brchaown and nghteued and true sopabsewne, whose yrmarnpia tee postage. | p van, ig called can cde vo be Funauea | Srvzn comes md cenh mare, A re insuon, sbalfindie, | Sc,tRany oiher manner, woud be i» vislae the setae ety | © These unougbua emai company & &Rnw Ren countrymen, aud ge, inonierio compuie wih ahare of protic whica tay be 2 coun org, io New Gran foray Wish the wrrangem st a an Congress, or the thirdet * and wh Order w guard Leake Sas an inet any Sin 0 be expresse: whe will hower me wisn & per inemage. Uloeing were my remarke upon the purcly iaternationai ynestions, I will Dow; ve ® rapid glance at the com plate of the Panema Jaiiroad Company, to which the weseage alludes. T presume ‘bat th their claims be Toe dete artio doe. not irees of tbe fiscal duties apon be wails, acc. rding to ‘Le laws | bave cited, but of theur ‘rarepora ton The iieras meaniog of (ais ariicle was he'd i view by Congreee ia paxeing tho iaw of Zoth of April Twill (reas this quesion ae It reia'es to the Keil- cad Company in another place Was: ground, chere- ove. hase ‘ne President io steting thet tae Upred States bas been intr a 5 pores tf Thre dolere oo every powad of mai ried sorors the ishmus, watch would riy two mililuns the com # ip ite Lity article, Ubat th e in cloned bags trougd the E of the same convention that the letters coptaiwed ia tue wails stall pay duty of two rats (tweat? cents) for eech Urana The Grasedian round weighs 7,717 grains, ‘rectors of the company hav: company Les bow Mott I hae slrendy at aim vo wake, ai the company, ot hae may pp)” tO the executive pover and 10 ibe tribunal: of ).w Graosda, out the !wies reation of ay Other Qu serity, we is stipniated is ebarier, laying down tue mauzer of Violation of ths article makes it ret pensidie tor the oon * nthoes, ena they wit: fle upon the company. It hes Hoged the USth, 20in and Got articles of ite charter io pot te tvering the Americay maus j, and re ceiving them from the lust ollices; aud jn 10) maimianing a ret viewt eget wih full powert im Panama. The sith aad “Uh erucies treat culy of the tramsports top of the mail¢, sad not of the tigcal auty 6 hich may be imporec by the republic, af sovereign of the territory anc jor this rcaron ihe S(t article statce tat the execa- live power sbatl atall times Geermine what forciga ations ball bo pormiied to trensport their cor. vespongerce by the Isthmus, acd codes to ihe company the right © malo spesial contracts for thrir trauaportation, dot conciudes wish the ripalation thet (ais PwC? Vo take Contracts shal! not be opposed in any moeubrr b exisliog Contracts with any nation %r nations. What sisting contracts wre those’ The only one wt tuat Vimo was wit the Uvtted Mtates, by which Now Granada egreed to carry the American malls acrozs tue Ietomes for thirty doite ~ if under one hundred pouods {a wot: and (or tweive dolores for every «uecseding buatred pounds, or fragtion therrot, Dus og the 4 cureton in tt postal law of the 2 Sixty-nine eeut per pound Oo the letters outy, for primted matter aud tae mail bugs to pay nowing at ail. Sappos- ig that there passes the Isthmus yeariy. 2,068,081 let- ters, ae sinted ia the oficial data pabiusbed in the | mori- can Almanac of 1866, which be es\imated at 659 058 oupCeS, thee at the Tate of '¥ C8Ot%% RO OUMoe Would mase tho duty amount t 61i7,057 40, ama nolo lions of dollars, The} 1apadion Congress co that abe collec {row Groat Kepreveniatives never doublet that aho was exerciniug hor perfect right. We had also ta view che fact tat the Unned Sates criiecia bere from New cy tbe has po postal convention, as ibe Awerioun In cen’s for every le'ter © Chagres or Panama, 44 couts to Caribacens, and 2# cents Bocotaand Buenavesiura, Deeides § cent for every DewSspaper sen), 8o4 4 Conte emoh for those that come from ¢, waile to ora vada levtern (rom the Uoited Staten pay oaly 16 cents, apd printed matter nothog Tae Am*ricaa government is right im doing this, because tbe» is 29 postal coavun tion, and New Grazada is ano right. 1 the Uaited States Will make & pomtal treaty all thigeac bo arranged: but do not tell us that we infringe a trea y that doos not exist, snd thet we wish to collect (wo millions of dviars The foreign portage Inw was not enacted rolly for the United Sten ‘is & general aw for mails paring b° » ‘e order to pro vide for © [400 #Gerewhe t Gout the expease of a public foree to maittast era! xy «te Tavnmae transit. A statement hat Ph yoo! shed ia tae Officwml Gasete of the Orapadisn gov Dat a o** postal convention ie deirg Degotiated Great Brvaia, postage on letters; aut by Aa okwtog ise lbeve sdvaptages me & motusdy sdvantagsou Upited States—the more #0 thi ranada eovert ine eminently liberal orinciples wiih (readily nation® watch ls weil kbowo to tbe American governmen:, and of which I will clte an exacple New Gracsde made a portal treaty with the United Slater on the Sth of March, 1544, for mails sent in vessols > Granwilan Covgroee of the 1966, beiure the distor pances of | aceme wn, apd ia order to cade part of tbo income, that it might have re with to matntain yablic order, the proves the eherter of the railroad were ¢xam.aed end the right of we company to make te cent: tor iransporiavon wee no! iuiringed, | have alrea thai ita former I'resident. Shaphen:, whi ols soliciting mew ccncessions for the compaey, whcd re concede’, Be er O OF prototted ageinss the jaw of 7th Jone, 1880, which Guthorized ‘ho €xorutive power io make contracts with other maviona fer tee pase ‘Pe Of cloged mails, securing the greatest porsibie advaa teges for New Granaca. This law is in acoordanoe witb the 20th arcible of the charter, which says that at ali mes the Lxooutive power sail devermive what forego nations mey pers correspondence vy tbe Ietamus. Af the company t jusei’ entitled to aa interpretation mee favoravle 'o iteell, Yet garry o the Executive power, setting forth ite re ; aod arr ia xt dune 10 it, then to tbe Sapreme U~ by the Constitution an ine Granad such jolnta, which would be dove rtipuiations of the 60th article of the charter, whick are lavorsbie to the company. of war, which bt be established by the American i Ore cment, stipulating that the mail¢ should oe tran So iar af regerce. La. ~ Rg > “a sported across the Iswemus for thirty doilare «trip, if | ie. "t bas Bot tne ig 4. -- ~ P.. ender one hundred pounds in woight, and twoive doilars | it Ube charter aay article refer: 08, oF ‘The American | the supreme avthonity wi nation hae for each adcitiona: ove bundred ponads government @id not establish packet vesrois of war And wheo the trade with Caltforbia opened tt contracted of the wails by teamers that wore not reseels of war, and stra'ning the Interprotation of the bub article, demanded that Ne# Gragads rhould traaspori ence arcording to the @xiating convention, ng this {b reoogetsed vost the right of pearing the war sub}eet Wo postal convention: after the treaty over {ts foreign commerce; oo the oomtary, the 4th article, which treate of impor; ¢uties, axtabitshes the manner of heir payment apon 7s for consumption, and the 934 artiolc stipulates, that '¢ company sda! not pay Umpor! duties upon the effecu tt may bring, while the O34 and S4th articles exempt from all dudes porsons and elects passing Cvar the railroad [1 cannot be said that the vessel® which arrive at the porte are elects that pase over the railroad, and fi i* icft tothe judgment of ibe executive power (0 dotermiac wast ls necessary for the railroad and . appurtenances, Noone # more deeply interested than the ralirow! me of 1848, exchanged in 1848. The repudlic was obliged to pay the bigh freight for canoes and males, waich #b- tained on the Isuumus traneit from 1#4y to December, S61, aud the exhaueied treasury of New Granada pad a “ oo io teat mincing by mare thao eighty thousand | Company vot ey ne fn PRT 4 dolars over and above the recety:i from the Caited | aod @ serious cispute ™ United Stater would brig ruin to the company Hos tilves once begun. the rights of war include the right to ebetrect the roads, whereby the enemy may pase {uch em anfortunmte eveat éhould secur, the company would jose the Transit rowls, its shares would become worthless, and ft would be very difficult to rop'ace the works Harbariam would con rer the iathmu and these cenose, though ominous to American com: be onfortanvte and terrible for New Gre oud Dehoid the wild dosert of |arien extend The mist is prised to copter’ ach great misforvunes, but they are posaitle, sad Haven tor Sid that my forevoding be foldiled, for that would be the orownlr g mnefortune consequent upoM the lamentabie 15th of April the duty of the Paname Railroad Company ia to oo- operate with the goverment of Now Granada for tho friencly aolution of thece questions, to rightly os. toate their pecuniary a vantages, without endoavor.ng to embitior the evate of affairs, ‘The quesious have become eufficion\!y embittere? by the improper reports of some of ite ve’, ont § Ptaten for the service performed, Chis fact proves bow ‘ar New (ranada bae carried her good foeling for the United Sates, and bow unjust the (resident '* to hir merrage, and In the menacing tons with which be says he Will rosia! the execntiog of our laws. The Amerivan goveromest bas no right 0 inter in our questions with the Faonma tail mpary, while the company dove not comply with ibe [9th article of its obarter, which Mipula es that Oomtroversios that may arise shail be de- termined by the magictrates socorvicg to the laws of New Granada; and that no totervention of any authority or funetionary ober tban thore legally estabiisbed with uriediotion in New Grenada ehall be siiowed, And this je more notable in the 60 article of ite charter, woich enacts that the Interpretation of its ciausos sba!| be in the nee most favorabie to the company. Toe company bas openiy infringed the 29th and 4h articles. It has not complied with the 56:h article tw maintain in Panama | representative, with powers suificient to act tn ite name in all cnaee where tt may be necessary, @hion |i dit nt have on the unfortunate 16th of April; it would have been 1a ho are + an \e- most important hed scob an agent been present in that | tonic oniy |Istom to those wi unhappy alsir. Trese are infringements, and the tipo. | rete, ond {t has guch who abe vory eo able. It te not jations ¢lied are clear, showing that the Prevideot has | mine to Individuaiize hag ah if thai would be an aban preboasive view of all the quessions in | donment of the position | hold ip my own country, sad ‘od im authorizing American | partionlarly on the isth whore Iam at presen’ Vice grees, citizens to resist th jars = of =the country, without previous frtendly and prudent discus: tion, and after having obeerved the stipulations of the fuses of the 26th article of the treaty. my remarke on the postage and tonaxce proce 9 the diaagroeable question of tha effair of the 15th of April, 1860 Having shown what haa been tve sitaation of Panama fines 1849, omitting a narratye of ail the exoosnes com oem by Some adveaturer of er oe | 1 Tauticigatod «collision be 4 # ted and jIi-treated the color Thouga many might indolently bear Governor of the State, b: fa of she Legisiature for rm. TAOS C. ve MOBQUERA tue proeent couatitutt Now York, Deo, 5, 1866. Warat is East Texwesser—The Whig etater, tbat {rom the porsonal observation 9: cdiver and cihers, it le thought that from the sar wheet sown, ond it present (ine apperrance. that there i] v6 tore than (reo millions of Duane» p 1 io Tennogeee the nox! seaton Knoxville ™ ingore, woo ins should continue 4 populauon. NEW YORK HERALD, MONAAY, BECEMBER 4 22, ‘The French Ballroad Case. SCPREME COUKI--APHOIAL TERM. Belote Hou Jadge Dae .ae. DRO, Bete he mater of Flicilé Dubud and Buyne Orciat, Ohargad wrth ihe Alege Francis on the Northern Railv oy of France --The counsel of the defendants present ed the draft of an order for scttiement, in terms that the motion to vacate the order of arrest was dented as tothe de- ‘fendants, Loot Grelet and Auguste Paros, and that the de- feadania Eagene Gretet and Felicite Debud shoaid be «is. obarge? cut of custody. The counsel of the plainttif ob- jected to tae order for, among other reasons, that, tt did pot impose on the defendants, Pugeno Crelet and Felicité Dedad, SBeooadition that they should bring no action ageinss the plaintiffs for ialse imprwooment. The delea- dante’ counse) contended that \he motion wes mw: obiein a strict legal right and not to be discharged favor, thet his bouor, deltveriag bia opinion om the motion, bad stated that ‘In seferenco tw the defendant, Eugene Greiet, 1 am unable to any ‘act him emabiishing bis comptictty tn the dio ven jo the papers for any fact connecting the defendant Debut with the property of the »iaivtif ™, or with the frauds practised <— them. None of their property has beco traced {nto her possession, nor is it shown that sho ever had apy of ft or the of any of it.” defendants being thus aoquitted of ul! cause for arrest, were entitled aa of right to be abaciutely diecuarget, and that it was notin the power o! the Court to anpex ay condition to 1. is honor observed that the practice of sanexiag such conditions was of very frequent ovcurrenoe as Weil in the Supreme asin the Supemor Court; that he would congult with hia brethreo on tae poia’, aud look at aay antborities the counsel bad to esta>/ish their position. Cow eel thon banded up @ brief of the authorities, aud the matier stood over. The Far Trade in Minnesota. [From the Ss Puu: Advertiser } Four or five years ago the fur trade was toe paramount commercial ava industria! interest of the Territory. Iwo or three yeore further back, and it was not only the pe remount but the sole bustoers interest. The population of the Territory was composed almost eatirely of tts em- ployers and at’aches. St. Pavt derived its whole impor. lance (a em™mal\ importance theo) from being the depot ot the Wivvebsgo and Chippewa ovtiite—while Mendota, the seat of the Siocx ontiit, gave laws to the !mmenf region cecupied Dy the Dekotas, and chains of (rading posta as far as Lac coi Parle on the Minperota, and Pembina on tbe Red river, beld the whole country liko » dependent obid at the feet of thoes magnates of the priccipal agen chs of Pierre Choteau, Jr., c Co Toe proiw of the fur wace oven tben bad vegun to deciiae, Tne ioliux of a white population conteq7ent upon the estantahment ot « Territorial government—the increaso of competition ta the indian trade, concurring wita the gradual decreass of iw product, apa causes thas lay beyond these, aad tha: ave been gradually ut surely promoting the deckve of the Western ivr trade im general—«il contributed to weakep the efficiency of the Fur Oov- papy’s orgavization in our Termtory—and to ren- der it wodesirabie to nasintain {te expensive cstablisn ots any ispete than wes saificient for soitiiag its a! 1 has eccordivgly bad no practical existence elnce cortammation of the Sioux treaty {n 1852, from whieh the traders received a pertiag token of eeveral hundred ubousand doilara ip paymennt of the aocumclaurt back debts of some thirty y: Since thea the trade bas been Carried on entirely by private individuals teremort smong whom, however, aro some of the old traders. Two bourca aione, Messre. Forces & Kitson. and Mesere Cuiver & Farrington, are connocted at thir time witb the fur trade in this city, Tne disorgantaation of the jvcion trade om the Minncseta river, and the ¢! vertion of the Judians from huntog by the permictous system of sunuiies, bes vestly diminished the produc Uvepers of the for 02 the Miaper ote river. ‘The most entirely Iimived at present to Vemdina or Red river regions and around the bend wetere of the Mississippi The butl*lo robe come almnoat entirely from this sources the butlai ranges being restricted to the region north of the Cheyenne, aud wert of the Jamee river. The ifio- has falien oi in butaioee very the whole receipts for export from the regi BOL Bmeunting to more than}.20 robes. Thiv dos not inclece, bowever, the large numbers reserved Jor wom? consumption. Ihe tavle giver below, tor whicn wo are indebted to N. W. Kitson, Keg , exibits tae tow! of fure from Si. Paul tor ine pretreat year:— ' <¥o Shins. 64,008 TOtM) VOICE... cee e es cee eee reee eens ne B05, 760 59 A potable featcre of the fur teeds for tbe Severat years ‘Lis the gradual Dut sure decline ot its producdvencs* rresponding with a growtoe demaud in Furope av our own country for furs, Lach of these causes has w: aisted the otber to ephance the price of furs—and th: bave grown ¢xpensive—and a!! inese cacses coscurr™ © lift to @ figure last year they pever belure reached |v ibe American market. Nevertheless, it will aot do ¥ calcnints to surely on last year’s prices for the prodent« of Ibe provent year, av the consamption of fare w, afr a8, aarely Cependept op the evanescent caprizes of tneblow, Sauror « Unrrep States ARSENAL IN VingINIA -feliona Arsenal, with 27%; acres ot jand suache bercio, in Chesterfleld county, Ga., ov Jamon river eo miles above Richmond, was gold on the 1ft ‘pei, for $2,660, Thi to 1814 it was formerly a depot for miliary stores, an wae gerrirone’ by a company of United Statn roldiern, but of lae years it has been \doned on account of the unbealihiness of the location. The pur 8 obisined a great bargain, as the a rornment uot lors thee ‘to Ubis city, about one third of thus sum. Weekly Report of De ths, In the ofty and county of New York, from the 17th day o December to the 20m day of December, 1556. Mon, 63; women, 76; boys, 129: girls, 10¢—Total, 873. Aduite, 108; ohUdren, 236; Toalea; 101; fomaien, 143; 0° lored 8. Fever, typbus....... Fistula of tne binder Renee tb preter Terenerererer ae rerere) fe eee eee ton Tho number of deaths, compared with co: weeks of 1854 and 1866, and of last Wook, waa December violent oases. birth... co gecee ~Of which # were from i Asylam Biki’s tal 1 ‘sisi, Nar. . = Hi — th ond Bowpitale)......16 POW. esss coccees CEORGR W. MORTON, City Laepector rt Departineat, Now Fork, Leo, 90, 1608, Dirantontets. [from the Pbieve)phs Peno-yivaniea, Deo 40 | in wAehnebe. a ont ; a ged comtroversy ot weaty years tbe democratic par'y coptended sgainet the sdonion ot certain rey of government by which it was pro- posed to legmlave for iudiviaual pean. We devoasoed Such laws as Uncopetiutionsi and ujust We maintained the federal Union was formed for cerisin spacitic national purposes, and that its powers sre distinolly de. Pe ye Se gopaeiatien, and we besiate not w say that if the democratic party gained for tt-elf any pame or character-—if \t bas made itself felt as the expoceat of the national wiii, and bas elicited the sympathies of the copie, it has been the reuit of the of the ‘ines to whish we bave referred. It te well that we do not Sey Seiae Neues foe pee otples; tha! we do pot point with pride to wnat we have done, and exert ourselves 10 maintain ihe very measures we bave £9 long condemned, duguised uader avower name. We are led to these observations by an examination of the project now vetore Congrese, propvsing large cesions “pee lan 18 © various railroad our porations. qreation, we edmit, is ap {mporiant one it hes something more ibaa ap economical OF consvtutional bearing. It involves ipteresta higher than the lew ad bigher than tho mere matier of money, It bas a moral phaso ia the striking infuepee it is calculated w exert ‘upon the Li gislasore and the per ga The public domain is @ great sg A Iw proper Waenagement, we have @ right to infer, Rover suili- oienti7 engaged the attention of the American peopie. It js the largest and the most benciicent estate in we civil iced world. It 6 che property of a government which, jor three quarters of » centary, has maintained ap on farnisbed neme; and in all thst time has chajeoged ybe admiration of wankind for the steadiness of ite rule, the juatice aod jiberality of its policy, the succers of its indusiry, the ae | of its progress and the mesure of is power. The public domsin of such a ration, aurroanded by ali the guarantees re quired to gtve quick ¢ feces to industry, aud security to ie frotte. is sumething widely diferent fom a mere wiider- ners without these guarantovs. Rightly considered aad acmipisterod. tt i: the greatest biewsing and tbe grearest power which the peopl: poesces, capadie of exerung !- Ways ® moet decided tptivence, not only upoo the na tonal intersstz, but also upon commerce and industry evcrywherc—bot mage the object of speculation. and put under tbe contro! of schumers ahd traders, {1 ower perverted bies#inge, |i is a gigantic evil, capable of vas! cArrupting iniiuencer, aud of stil groater oppression ot the marses, whose oifiow 1 if, in the end, to subdue and cvltivate it. Let us look back for » moment. We count brt stew yearsasa nation, Jn {nwt narrow timo our frontier Iimibe en exiendod over the gre: pieio of the lakes aad the valley of the Miasiasipp!, hose vast regions. by the simple process of settlement, io @ regular way, “have been turned ints gardens of pros uction—oo1 and manufactures have sprung in !ife—education and all the refinemeviz of @ sigh condition,” of social ad vaneoment, are rapidly extending thelr Divesings over a couniry which can hardly be said to have a mauve pope tation at all. YY, then, we regard the obvious effects of our early aad syrtem, 3 will be apparent that no mere bot bed expedi ents are required to st cure dus expansion to our frontier work, Nor, under that systera, wilithe couatry fail to see that our pablic comain, exclusively subj:ctto pioneer seulement, is a ministering providence under which uberal rewards are secured to (be producer, and a powerful agency Dy which want and suffering, at an early period, will be Griven from the earth Tae rceponaibilty ot Congress as the ircetee of such a0 estate is then very great, We bave been advancing in this work of land grants with fearful stricen There are many, wo are aware, bo, unde; the plea that the eettlem~nis are thereby ad- nced, give tO uvery Bew preject of the kind most zealous support, This policy tf so obvio > | wrong as not to warrant refatation. Its adejtioa would lead us to the conciueion at onc) that {¢ is betier that afi the public property should be placed in the bauds of enterpristog met. Nor is it at ai! crriain, if we regard tho it alone, that it weuld wot be an'well thus "0 uct But the present is not everything, a is made manifest by the HS ogeny of our progress. We are ema. and weak bow, i ans iy Sie uveenes we 7@ of & great future, and our legis! is sbaliow which doce not fee! this ‘The gigantic grants directly to companies, contempist ed in the bill before Cougress, are very ditlerent from the sixth rection grants which have bern made to Stater, based upon etipuiations for carrying th ails, and tbe epbanced value of th ‘mate wections retained by the government, All the new States recetved much grants except Ca'ifor While, theresore, similar cee- te that and jo other new States, as they come into the Union, mighs perbap., be jusufe! upon the priseipic of «quality, yet, beyond this, the system certainly ough BOtto be exiended. Aud euch limited graute wo siates, based on equivale: can consutute nO justification for the cession of soch enormous quantities to compacies, as ie contemp/ated in the pregons bill, Let ns regard, for ‘nstance, the fact, that that bill provides for the cession of one hundred ar ‘y milliocs of acres of jand to va riouz !neorpo ations, and upwards of five millions of doi- jare from the treasury. This doce sotembrace lands, goed anc bad. bat the compazice are empowered tose ject them, and c! course to reject kucn ae are inferior. Who coe pot sce that ucarty every acre of ibe valuable lande of our antoit domain would thus be moaopolized by aiew companies, beid up ‘rom eale until their roads ere constructed and then disposed of at enormous prices —the settlement o! the country immonsely reterded—ic fheting irreparable injury upon the uasion’ ‘Tho trre policy of the country is to factlilate the rettic- ment of ihe lands, aud thus spread our population irom the wretern bank oO! the Mississ)pp" to the Pacide ocean. Jt is popu ation and preducts that cons:liute the real wealth and strength oi the pation, But, even as regards tbe public revenue, augmented proauc..ou would seoare ipeieased consumption of our own and foreign fabrics, witb large increared \poomes from duties. indeed, if he raliroad companies would look \o their on permanent iwterest they would see that a pollcy which ftacilitaccs: tbe early suie and settlement 0 ive pubiic jande to indi vidual proprietors, thus sugmenting popu'ation ead oro vucts 1g the routes, would give to them ep amount of business and revenue which would prove (u (heend more advantageous than Jand grants withheld from setUemen: by the exection of enormour 5 The immense grant to which we bave referred. be- tides favoring a fow companies at th penes of all the reat of the people, under the plausible prevext of provia- ‘og road to the Paciic, acoomplistes no rach object ‘in fact, for the grant is absolute for each fity mise, ae it all be constructed with no obligation to continge the acroas th continent’ apd no forieture in tne event of failure. Jt is clear, under such grants, wuat the road would only be madeafew buncred miles west of the Mine , bad to the pointe whence the lande become worthiess, end there terminate, That bill theo, may be jaaUy designated a an act gracting immense fortuses and prievorsbhips to a few favored companies, and yet fall tc accomplish the object"of consirucung aay one road to the Pacidc, ‘There ia not an evil in the governmental of the world #0 Oppreasive, 20 tenacious ot life and so of perpet) its power, aa ine accumula ion of large oatate the hands of individas's, It is precisuly tas feature makes the British qoverament, b the finest in Furope, the most oppressive in the world, It Goda ite expression in the relations of landlord aad tepant—relations under which all the power and al! the protits are on one side, and «li tho misery and depes- der ce on the other. ‘These are considerations which do aot touch the oom tthutional power of Congress over the rvbject maer— Ube! \e ® pow! we shail ¢xaniine anothe: day. Mr, Buchanan's Wheatland Speech Over- hauled. (From the New Orleans Delta } TTE BEGINNING OF THR END—POSSIBLY. ‘We pointed out yesterday aw rathes novable coin idence of sentiment between the New Yous Hemaro (late ir. Fremont’s chief organ,) and @ journal of unis city, with refcrence to the recent speech of Mr, Buchanan to the s\udenis of Franklin acd hail College, Peansyisacin, tn which he declared that the object of Lis admit atrasion would be to crush out seodonalt! either North or South. The fact tbat two such jou: thas coincide, Is ‘one Wulch the clove oveerver Of political tendencies wil! ‘not die’ las without a thought. (Now Or.eaas journal (into Fillmore organ,) enye it ts |, indeed, 0 pace these patriotic senimenta of Mr. an On record.’ of the HERALD quotes the and ventures to prefict thatthe countele “which the Hmrato bas particularly to mdulge even anticipatory praise (ior rally we grow weary end sick of the ceaselers tark of oriticiam which dnty and candor impose) of Dia administrative pouey. a the ‘ime boping for the but adyiwing the iriende of the South to be prepared for—what might come; to tras in God, as they sbould, and ip Mr, Buchanan, if they it to keep thelr powder dry. such has been our posit od auch it shall be, except when the |’rent- dent elect himaei! may ree proper to indicate hie policy in advance, und lay It jastly open to oxaminatim. Thia he partially did, at least, im bis late epecca to which we be- ere aiiaded. Im that epeech ho dirtinctly svows bis determination to make war ‘por what be chooes to epard as sectionaliam ip the South; ttl t have none of bie cou! ence. it -bail pot fatten om oo 44 aod provend’’; {t aball feel the full power of \ avail abiiiy; the heel of nationality rbail be on its neck, sal! be crushed into the dust of its native soil bi: tbe menace conveyed by tho Presid ie th sentiment: 80 highly approved by the New York Hana)’ i fot, we bambly beg t0 know what |v meant, So, to al eppearance, Mr. Buchanan has declared war — baa fulminated @ buli—agatar: Sou'bern section sliam, meaning, of course, thore Southern men who insixt on Ail the rights of the South, and having fai! | astlee for her, come what may—or meaning nothing. For we deny that tere ts Dg ey — at the © uth but what is reealt, ant, but #! grows out Of Northern insolence and ag- gression, but what a wise genre of self prosorvation eug- grate and requires. Any other » ‘rt of seotionaliem bas bad no birth and bat no existence at the South; It ix at the North tbat it bas been engendered, thore !t is sponta- neous and indigenous, and to condemn or seek to punieh the reristance poliey of the South—the po icy of self. pre- rervation—is not more juatifiable ‘har ibe tear rest and punizh the honest citize woo woe teleuding bis home from burglars and robhere The Southern party has never been to favor of dts . wtrable or 1h never Wee eppote " * ond equal Union, bat, on the tonuary aways give te pind snd matele, ie Weaeure, aod if feed be, te bloc’, te the cause of such a Union. Bot when, in \W0K HOB OF years, congereions 10% more seliah spire in apother were rpawered by Dew demands: when ob” \B'ON Was met DY IDsult, open Danced DooRty wiih the ¢ ercbed fet Of mopace, thea 1 was that tree mos, and tod mon, 60d preseteat men of tne Suvth began te estimate tho value of Usiow which exposed themia ¢ nt uPull, assault and roooers, direct aud iadirect, d to congider th» possibility. 1 not altimale Becesalty, of a eeveranve by which th would lose yothing— Dut bad company. ‘o smal! advauege has Mr Buchanan read the political bistory of the country if he does not now the true origia end real position of the Sovtkert party. Why, thea, docs be, 1» atvance sataretel t bor) bie apve-Presidential anathema egainst ki We wii! Jet the future answer, From a foas) too'h, Cuvier conld determine the strno- ture, size apo habits of the suimsl to which it belonged. If the deciaranon of Mr. Guchanan means anreaags ir the biack republican encorsemont of tho Naw York LD eaes anything; if tho endorsement of a beavy rentimentaliet jcurnal in ibis city mead anything, vy = like Cuviertan we may judge wie poiitisad monster may grow up withlo tue uxt four years, with itm bead tm the North, tia stomach in hingioa, and iw tail in tae South. In other words. the aigua appoer eg nidcant of @ tendevey, it not doliserste design, to na- vopslize tho democratic part, of the North into oat ‘Jack repadlicapiam, and, of +be donut, into subcilagion- m-—the same thing, ovly wor ‘Let Mr. Buchanan ‘beware how ho aids, direc directly, such @ reault; we bps he will be wi pe - Basho the ped urray himself agucet the rt u crus"iny sectionalism, je! jook to it well, and be sure tb: 7 ibilate = The Soutbern part: err) now, tis allent; ‘tty not not w exbausting {ts energies ip fruitices agitation —tte h iw latent, is beld in rocorve The Presideut or party, then, that undertakes to crush it, should reckon well be- fore beginning. Ite spirit ts wd: vtroctibie while manbood and honor live; per-ernte it, and it will erm tt- self for wengeapee: wurd-r jf, and it will revive; bary it, and ft will sain, thougd lifty stones be heaped ipou te shre; and thon its iarolent toon and treacherous friends may viees the mercy tney do not deserve, {f the doom they sought for it is pot made their own. Supreme Court—4pecial Term. Before Hou Jocge Davies. OPINIONS ON SUITS FOR WOKK PERFORMED FOR THE ory. Duc, 20.—The People, a: dhe relation of Thos. McSpedon and Chas. W. Baker, vs. andrew ¥. Stout, County Trea surer. The Same, at the velution of Chas. McGill, w. The Same —An alte: native mandamus bas been issued in each of the above Ceses, abd 2 motiup is how made that a pe- remptory mabdamus is/ ue, In the first case it is alleged that on the 25th of January 1855, « resolution was adopt- ed by the Board of Supervisors, direcumg the books of record in the Register’s office to be repaired under direction of the Committee of the Board om County Offices; that the relators were empivy ea vo do the said _ performed whe seme, and that weir bili, doly presented to the Board of Supervisors, and allowed at the sum of $4644 00; that tbe Supervisors direcied toe defeacuns to pay the sum, ip the second case, the reiaor aireges thas ployed by three of the super visors constito«ung mnitee op Ovid © pout the rooms cog, ‘he Superior Court; that he eo painted them, as sented big bill to the Board of ~upervisors tor the which amounted to the atm oi $6v0, and whi:h tae Bave endited and aliowea at thai sum, sud direcied defendant to pay the seme Mr, if. 8. V. Wilooxeos, as- sistens comaae! io the Corporation, appeared for ibe fe! Juage Davies delivered a vory elaborate opinion in case, 10 the course of whica be seys—The Regiever of city and county of New York uv « coanty oflicer. I wade the duty of the Register of the city and county New York to provide the necessary books for deeds and mortgages, aod books ior goneral indices, iike Gury Js imposed on une cleras ul dhe several counties. Im the case of Bright v8 sbe Supervisors of Chenango (18 Jobn. Rep. 444), tus Court Deld that “the booxs airected to be ager oe become permauent prc perty of the ovuaty.”” aitcough not ¢: they aro chiely fcr the beued 1 cri mo t# bound to submit them to uis successor. oe snccessor ‘@ DOt bound to pay tue preceding clerk, and bence i ful- lows Una! li no compenes.ion is wo be made it becomes a game of chance between we citercat incumbents. Toe one who comes tn it bocks aro Urea beforesnew vues wre novessary wi Sooks, aud is anoriy flor reared, inn 5 acor OF Feu ve: wos have jaed surficient to equal bis sotun! pry injustice has nor received the eavetion of ian, qyenens nani hg. requiring to Benes of a bi mi accounts charg: avic against the be ponnge a wad was wleaded to any case whe! wervine rencered wae specie’ the benefit of the county, anu for whicn ciher proviiens bad not been made. ine primout case is clesrly one of hat description, 90 far as respects the books purchased. 5 i + }rom decay and krep tt in » cosdition for er and legal cvanty charge. li ts the duty of of Supervuers to provide the courts wih lights, &o. i the Buard negtect, rder whe sheriff W do 00, und ihe oxpeuse becomes & charge. If there was no ober obstacie in the should grant the perem; prory but the Legisiature bave nt proper place Kinr'ee operas at ta birnips OB tbe action of the county which do not exist in refer pee to the supervisors of any otber county of tais otal that! am aware of. The act of 121m April, 1853, 12th recon, ‘that work to be turniebed for whe Cor; be canon main- The obarter, of we ed, Unas the amend the charter of 1868, so Tar at lout as it seeus te Tnede spplicable to the Buard of Supervisors sections 17 ‘and 16 of tbat act, is uncoo*tiationa: and void, If no #ab- requent legislation bas removed the dificulty. It seeme to me that in this cave we Legiviature aid intend to take Abe responsibility Of re-ceacung the law tteell, and that ‘the language Gera * more broad and significant than the a the #apervisore rect, are valid Conrequen ily the for the ‘work thus Gone contrary to the provisions lew, and ‘mun ip each case must be denied SUIT FOR RECORDING BIRTHS, DEATHS AND MAR TUAGES. Duc. 90.—The People at che relation oy Thos. K. Downing a. Andrew V. Stout, County Treasurer.—Am alternative mandamus having beon lseued in tain nee, an’) to white a return bas been made by the defendants, motion ie now made that & peremptory mandamus \o issue. Mr. ‘Wilecason appeared for the Corporation counsel, Judge Davies also gave a very \rogthy iecision tp this case, In the year 1859 the legisiature of this State enacted a iaw Fife os See nce sum of 6150 had been ut by bim. As evidence of such pe: ment reasorer bar fur pisho! the ooart «ih alate which it appears that bo hee paid fr..o January to December 9, 1858, out of that furd of 870,000, Fant, $60,048 68 leaving & balance |. bis hands 66 82. ‘The Judge baving reviewed ihe law on ter, is of opinion that the rolator is entitled to the railet allowed bim by the alavuie, «ad"graate the perompiory mandamus with cose Hennew ManataGe—The Louisville Journal of be 180h inst., eay# —Toe toons prosenied im tne #5 ne z Sas fae ogve inst evening wae a ming) co y and golemni- y. The lovely bride, richly arc tetofuliy altired, with orebead, cheeke and bosom bathed lashes, looked am beaotitul as Rachael of old and worthy as long 0 service © percent - hg Oe yy the and re ri vie sip the wine, embiematical, ad “t 10 the ity of the The address to the happy couple by the Rev. guage of poetry, and with singular \ Mr. N. B Gowllng, of Now York, and Frances Bamberger caughicr of Kmanuel Dambe get, of this cliy. Exorement From Lone Isi.axp—Tho Post gays, 8 Justice of the Peace and @%-Deputy Seer of Qarne county, hae lately dirapprared. ienvioy behind hin a large num der of unsettled accomnie He wasaesompasted by & good lovking Americonn ©. whe fae been living aq a domervc io bis family, Tho dei qrent had borne « fir cherrcter, and Or & Hower oF yoare occupied re por ible positions, al era lk: