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4 .NEW YORK HERALD, MONDA ‘ DECEMBER ‘15, 1856. NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON t & EDITOR AND PRO” :|/} 308, (QUPece FW. C ORN¢R OF NASiA0 AND FULTO* BTS —ooooOOoOoOoOoOoOooooOO ————_——_——_——_————————SS==—=== AMUSEMENTS 'TH14 EVENING. (RIBLO’S GARDEN, Bread way—Eneutsn Orgaa—V acer MBOKEE. WERY THEATRE, Bowery—Muce Amo asout Nerina Lael. BURTON'S NEW TREATRE, roadway, opposite Bond si, Semoun or Reroum—Rieurs no Wroxas ov Woman. WALLAOK’S THEATRE, brovdway—Deucet® Grouxn Wn Oars. LAURA EKEEN@'S THEATRE, 624 Broatway-—-Saconm lores —Youne New Yous. UR ANBERS STREET THEALRE, (late Burton’s).--Omiox, seem Goin besten leanne Son. ‘seu. fERICAN Broadway— After. Ls wt pet Tue Tavces. svening—That SROADWAY VARIETIES, 472 Broadway.—Tam Sxniocs Baut—Tae Tooums. @60. CHRISTY & WOOD'S MINSTRELS, 444 Broad- way —Srmorian Pavroxmaxcns—Vwm OLD CLooK. PON LEYS SERENADERS, 85 Broadway.—Ermoruan SGENDIB ELS Y—ONDERELLA. @DINESE HALL, 589 Rroadway—WorneRron Taices, BY Genetn s ous sp Mor kere Rew York, Monday, December 15, 1856. ‘ Mails for Europe. 28 WEW YORK HEKALD—EDITION FOR EUROPE. ‘the Cunard steamship Arabia, Capt. Stove, will leave Besten on Wednesday, at noon, for Liverpool. Yhe Furopean mails will close in this city at half. past two o'clock to merrow efternoon. $e Buropean edition of the Humaw, printed in French and Mugiish, wil! bo publtebed 14 tea o'clock in tho morn. oe Burope — Lewpon—Ala & European Express Co., 51 ‘Wilham st, Pexn— Do. do. by Aim . au. 9 Chapel street, soe string the previous weex, aud to (ho hour of publi eaten. ‘Whe News, ‘Me arvival of the George Law from Aspinwall, and the Empire City from Havana, places us in possession of interesting vews from California and -eur territories on the Pacific, also Peru, New Gra. nada, Central America, Mexico, Cuba and the Bri- ‘Bish West India islands. The intelligence from California—fall details of which appeared in yesterday's paper—is not of an important character. The letter of our correspon- dent at San Fraacisco, published in another column, gives a résumé cf the matters of interest trans- piring. By way of Havava we have intelligence from the ailied troops of Central America, Tueir version of ‘the battles of Granada and Masaya is very different frem that of Walker, elyhough they admit that they have Jost five times as many men asthe filibusters. ‘The Central Americans uever bad possession of the sapital, as was reported. Walker had left a garri- son of two bundred men there when he marched npon Massays, and the troops who attacked Granada were unable to obtain 2 foothold in it. They had merely eecupied the main guard and Walker's house. When ia Walker's honse the native troops weized the archives of the government. Among the letters were two written by Gen. Walker—2ne to the Emperor of the French and the other to Lord Clarendon, to obtain their moral support and the acknowledgment of the Walker government by England and France, as the only means of prevent- ipg the annexation of Ceutral America to the United States. These letters were consistent with the in- stroctions which Waiker gave to Gen. Goicuria. ‘The point of the news /rom Mexico is the progress of the siege of Peubla. ‘This is the second or third time that tat city bas ben in a state of revolt against the Comonfort government, owing to the measures of bis adminis cation against the property end pevuliar privieges of the church. Ic was being besieged by a force of five or six thousand men, ua- der General Moreno, and news of its reduction was sive measures bad been taken by the E enforce its cluims on toat of Mexico alty would protably be settled by diplo- ps. Ex-President Santa Anna had pub- bebed in Carthag G. @ paper protesdag ageimst Comozfort and bis government for Laving despotied hin of his property In our compilation of the news from New Gran ds, umong+t other important matters will be fouad ndence which bas taken place between Hon. James B. Bowlin, and Senor the corresy Minister, Line de Pombo on the subject of the tix impoved on United States mail matter crossing tue Ixtlan. It will be recollected that last April the New Gru mpelling the Paua tailway Company to pay a postage of 8 20 ond oa all letters, new+papers and ovher mail- - at setter devpatched by that route. The amoant which would be derived trom this wx, if enforced would be about annuilly, and ia pree ely felt that rees, through would he £0 + government mu dered & te Senor Pombo, the G & peotest, in which Dot o he imposition of such emonstrated against, but akea omplaia of tae of h our citizena bave been sabje New Gran Senor Pombo, in hin to the document, sete forth ihe views of kis government in relation to the u t postage, and expresses hia regret that in bis ov-ervations on the subject Mr. [sowlin should inter- action of the New Gransda Lecisiatare to bad feeling towards the atthe Granadian lega tion at Weehington hae received instructions to set tle this affeir, and to couctliate all rights and inte- yestoas feras possible. This protest of our Minis- vinary movement to the mission of hax heen seat out to Bogota to en- vor the reclam Viens made in it; and from what has trovepied in an interview which bas been had with enor Herrera, the New Gravadian Minister at Wash ,twere is no Goubt that the whole of taese gr evances will be amicably arranged ic will be seen by a letter from our Carthagena correspondent that an important movement is on ‘oot whichis likely to aff ct the Interests of th sherebolders of the Panama railway. It will be re- membered that in the charter granted to the com- apy, the New Granadian government reserved to it- welf the right of appropriating the road st the ex piration of twenty years,on the payment of an indem nity of five millioas of dollars. It appears tha: it is seriously contemplating the putting in force this stipulation, and has opened negotiations with Euglich capitaliate for the sale of the reserved right ‘The rond vost nea'ly nine millions, and is one of the best psying investments of the kind in operation. The New Gransda government calonlates on appro- priatins be prove 8 of the sale to the payment of ita foreig : 6°’ ha isamostiy in the hands of the fiah b vadhold ter te the preity Jadge Moree, who mete «© At @ meeting 0! ¢ British residents at Bogota, held on the 17: Jetoher, \t was resolved to peti, sion Lord Cie n t & earry out the blockade for the enfo o mnt of the Mackintosh claim. As difficulty has been amica” bly adjnsted with the English government. The approaching departwe 0 Captain Bayley and the officers and crew of the S'. Marys was viewed with eoneral regret et Panama. sie health of the Seth mud was reporie tobe goed. We pub ish terday a fall acvount of the last reve we Jately anvounved. th ! ewbers ot we intion in Pera, the mews of which appeared in the Hemacy of Sunday morning. It seems tact Gere- rals Echinique and Castillo, acting as the agents of General Vivanco, had matured a plot hostile to President Castika, which resu'ted in an armed de- monstretion #t Tambo on the 31st 0 October. The affair was, ‘however, suppressed hy the government troops. The insurgents advocite a war with Boli- via and the upholding of high church pr neiple:. Ourdates trom Havana by the Empire City are to the 9th inst. We are glad to learn by this ar- rival that the sugar crop, which is no” about to be teken off, promises to be-a very large one, and some decline had taken place in the price in making con- tracts for the coming delivery. Apropos of this sugar intelligence: attempt is being msde at Washington to have sugar put upon the free list; ‘bet itis opposed by the Secretary of the Treasury ‘on the ground that seme arrangement must be made with the goveratment of Cuba that the abrogation of the duty bere shall not have the effect of in- creasing the expert duty in Cuba. In this the Se- cretasy is ia errer. The export duty on sugar in Cuba is a specific one of 87) cents per box, aud a change in our duties or price would not affect the duty in Cuba in amy manner. From the West Indies we learn that the sugar crop promised well gecerally throughout the islands. Heavy rains had fallen at Jamaica. The slavetrage of Cuba, in its relations with the sugar trade, en- gaged the atiention of the Legislature. Trade was dull, owing to the scareity of silver coin. At Ber- muda, on the 27th ult., the fever continued to abate, the number of cases becowing fewer as the season advanced. Bhe Legislature was farther prorogued till the 22d December. We have files from Honolulu to the 16th of Octo- ber. They contain little news in addition to that published in yesterday’s Heraup. The islands of Molokai, Maui and itanai were saffering very mach from a long continued dronght, which had become 80 severe as to destroy even horses and cattle. The plantations of Makawoa were aiso beginning to feel the want of rain, while the extensive plain of Wai- luku was as barren of herbage as the Desert of Sa- hara. The excitement in Tennessee and Kentucky, rela tive to the negro insurrections, appears to have nearly died out, but in o'her parts of the South it is as lively as ever. We give elsewhere the latest ru- mors and reperts concerning these movements, This negro plottiog commenced down in Texas, near the Rio Grande, some three months ago; but every one Was absorbed at that time with the Presi- dential election, and the matter was passed over without comment. Sisce then it has developed it- self in nearly every slave State. What is the cause of all this corsmotion’ The Aldermanic Committee on the Fire Depart ment bid a meeting on Saturday, to consider the propriety of obta’ning the two steam fire engines which Lee & Larned have offered to build for the Said engines are to be of fifty horse power, pelling, end capable of traversinc the streets at the rate ef fifteen miles an hour, also easily steered in direction. Each engine 's not to cost over ), and they are intenard to be kept, the yeor youno, witb steam up, ready for apyemergency. A report on the subject will be found elsewhere. Both heuses of the South Carolina Legiststare have disposed of the subject of the reopening of the Afiican slave trade by allowing the committee to which it wes red to report at @ fatare time. We give the debave in the Assembly elsewhere in our columns. A bilitoanend the law relative to colored seamen passed the Assembly on the 10th inst..viter some opposttiox. We are not apprised as to the exact terms of tne bill in question. The valne of foreien gooas imported at the porto? Boston during the week ending 12th inst. amounted to $720,570. There was rather a better demand for cotton on Sdturday, with salesof about 2,500 bales—tue market closing at about 12 c. for middling uplands, aud et 12je. for New Orleaas do. Flour was firmer, with more at vity in sales, aud in some descriptions rather better prices were obtained. The transac- tions in wheat vere light, while prices continued firm. Corn was steady, » ithout change of moment n prices. ork was in feir demend, and prices firm for new mess, at $19 56 a $19 62), while old sold at $19 06) a glo Seles of sugar were moderate, wi r ere firm. The transactions eo braced aboat S50 a 400 bhds. Cuba muscovado at prices given elsewhere. About 3,000 bags of Rio ve were sold at alice. The Bahia sold yes Jay ‘or export brought “'c. Freight engage- , Without further change in te Tenis were wode aics of mowent. More than two that the Prussians and purch: from ation on the river and % hy adjvcent islands, and deep water immediately thongh not contiguous to Hot only advantay Mlb prea Pow ya bat rather a vement nee it bronght ¢ to their own res, and iater- a al Power between the mouth of the eer and the Kibe, ” the present mo- » Fourth, continnes thening blimee!f oa the town and ed on the strait vi of Rugen from the n We island, has been found to be constructed a pot asd urenel white are to rival § \ deep bay ts up into the island, d by high lund, aad sheltering the rom the wines, T is plenty of of shore room for slips, basina, od hatter All the prelimi- Freae ewe the ss of site Strateun), Which separat main lend up shother site,on whieh i water and ples tm r «have been made, soundings taken and plane drawn, and the works are to be an- der » in the ensuing spring. The navy is aleo t nereansed, under the direction of e addition of two new thirty-four guns each, ructed in England. have already been Previa has bat a small shippiog net yore than ei . of about one bundred and fifty lis principal ports are Dantzic, ls drawing not more than Htettin, with eight feet water; Meme!, with « dificult bar to cross; and some eight other emall ports, equally inconvenienced. This Prince Adalbert ie the same person who was lately wounded in a skirmish with some Mediterranean pirates. Pruesia is mainly an egricritural country, but not very forward even in ite raral products, Its internal commerce is considerable, and its foreign commerce is in- creasi though conducted chiefly by foreign venne j opnlation is about sixteen millions, But, watever may be its aspirations, # can never be a fret rate naval Power. England, France, Russia, Spain, the United States and Holland can never in this respect be surpassed, or even equalled, by Prussia. A maritime force is only natural to those countries whieh have ex- tended consta or distant coloniee, or whose in habitants seck the seas as a source of livelitood and gain. be never can compete with either of those we hare named, and ber flotilias will have little employment bot in carrying about the ‘yal jamily upon excursions of amount ¢ ut hna- Pleasure, Still, having this strong position, she will more or less infmemce the safety of the Baltic for vessels of other nations, in case of. fature difficulties. The Prussian eraisers may slip out suddenly and do considerable damage during even a short cruise, and the scheme ac- cordingly excites some little jealousy in the minds of the English people. ‘General Wahker’s Desperave Situation in Bicaragua—The Folly of our Steamship Companies, by Putting together the news from Nicaragua brought into New Orleaas on Friday by the steamer Texas, and published in the Heraxp of Saturday, and the intelligence which we pub- lished yesterday, brought to Key West by the steamer Tennessee, trom San Juan, and striking abalance between these conflicting reports, we cap come to no other conclusions than these—that Walker has practically suffered a succession of reverses; that he has been driven back to the original base of his operations, and that his po- sition there is extremely critical and desperate, According to the New Orleans news by the ‘Texas, Gen. Walker had been successful in a se- ies of battles; one of his oflicers, Gen. Horusby, with two hundred men, had defeated eleven hun- dred of the Costa Ricans, with a loas to the latter of two hundred men, while Hornsby had only two killed and eleven wounded; that four days fighting at Massaya had ended in the entire de- feat of the enemy; that Gen. Walker had re- turned to Granada, and, after giving three days’ notice of his intention, had utterly destroyed the city, leaving not a vestige of it intact, and that the inhabitants of Granada had removed to Rivas with their effects, which is henceforth to be the capital of the republic, &c. Now, this statement of Walker’s successes, upon its face, looked to us as wearing a very suspicious appearance; so that we were not much surprised by the subsequent news from the Tennessee, at Key West, to the following effect, to wit:—tnat Gen. Walker had been driven from every place where he had obtained a footing, except the Tran- sit route; that four hundred of his forces, after fighting nine days at Granada, were surrounded by the Costa Rican, San Salva- dor and Guatemala forces; that Gen. Walker was on board a steamer in the lake, without commu- nication with his army; that his men were suffer- ing for the want of provisions and clothing, and were dying off by disease; and that he had burnt Granada and Massaya. In the absence of any later advices, we are lefs to the choice of such portions of these conflicting reports as we may think best entitled to credit. In this view, we dare say that the trath, whea it shaJl come to be known, will be substantially as follows, viz:—That at the time of the tormer battle of Massaya, a detachment of the ene- my lipped around into the rear of Walker, and catered and ploudered his capital of Granada, and jeft it, upon bis return, as Walker's bead- quarters, in an untenable condition—that, subse- quently returning to what may be called the siege of Masenya, he defeated the allies, took the city, but that not being able ‘to hold it, he des troyed it and fell back upon Granada; that beiag there surrounded by the enemy, he kept them at bay, until, from the exhaustion of his sapplies, he was compelled to destroy Granada and fall back upon the original base of his operations at Rivas, which lies within a few miles of the teansit port of San Juan del Sar, on the Pacific side. Takivg it for granted that in every battle Walker bas signally defeated his ememics, his re treat back upon Rivas leaves bim in the exact position where he found himself some two years ago, with bis original fifty-six California followers at Rivas. To secure what be has lost, the work which be has dove from the begianing will have to be done over again: and it must be bet- ter done than at first, to make good a permanent foothold in the country. His conquests are now reduced to the actual ocenpation of the smail district ly'ng between Rivas and the Pacitic. The interior and more important localities of Granada, Masssaya, Leon, &c., are ia the hauds of the enemy. The opposition goverament of Gen. Rivas is at the city of Leon, which is some seventy-five or eighty miles to the northwest of Granada, and should Gen. Walker recover tue ground which be has lost, he will yet have to Touster a detachment sufficient for the dislodge ment of the opposition government at Leon bo fore he can expect a peaceable occupation of his conquests, With the destruction of the cities and the supplies ia his rear, he will, however, re- quire a strong reinforcement of his army, aod Jarge moveable supplies of provisions, to recover his lost ground. In fact, he can only muintiia his position at Rivas through the aid of timety reinforcements and supplies from Califurniy aod the Atlantic States by the Transit route, and is ia imminent danger of being driven to sea in de- fault of the required unen and means to prosccate the war, In the meantime, with the Morgan, Vander: bilt ond George Law rival steamebip companies, their policy towards Gen. Walker becoms a very interesting question. To secure the pulsion of Walker and the North Americans { the whole country, it is oaly necessary that t triangular squabble between Morgan, Vanderbilt and Law for the monopoly of the Transit route sbould continue. On the other hand, it is oaly necessary that they should combine to make an easy Anglo-Saxon conquest of the whole of Con- tral America, and ite political reconstractiva upon the basie of a New York Directory, after the fashion of the British East India Company % London, Let these steamship ¢ ever, in their silly rivalry for the spoils, Walker to go by the board, and the result will y ly be the transfer of the Transit monopoly tw some Brith mpany, Or to some native cor- poration under Hoglish protection. These are the stakes involved in this holy alliance against Walker. "i mate ox Tue Sovrnenn Cowmerctan Convention. This extraordinary body of six hun@red Southern politicians, lately assembled at Savaanah, has ad- journed and dispersed, and the sun rises later in the morning and sets earlier in the afternoon than it did before. They have passed certain resolutions concerning a line of Southern ootten-exporting steamers, 30,000 tons each, to Europe; other resolutions concerning a Pacific railroad; others in relation to Southern schools and literature, and a va- riety of other abstractions, and they have | resolved to have another sitting next year, For all practical purposes, the hotel and shopkeepers of Savannah have realized all the substantial | profits of this convention. The disunion spirit on the occasion was rather weak. It is evidently of Southern public opinion. If the Southern Convention had for an object a Southern ultra pressure upon Mr. Buchanan's administration, it has signally failed. We expected something on this head; but they have done nothing, and dispersed. Better times are coming. Nullification is dying out. Affairs in Mexico—Revolutions and Pronuncl- amentos—A Bomb from Santa Anna. The news from Mexico, although there is nothing very important in it, is of a generally interesting character. The Comonfort adminis- tration is not without its many little annoyances and difficulties, in the shape of local insurrec- tions, The opposition to the government, now that Vidaurri has temporarily succumbed, is ap- parently confined to Puebla, where it may, per- haps, yield to proper treatment for a short pe- riod. The principal difficulty which the governing power in Mexico has met with during the Comontort régime has been the hostility of the church, One of the first acts of that administra- tion was to wipe away all that netwerk of pecu- liar privileges behind which the clergy en- trenched themselves, and which are known there as fueros. The next, in the same connexion, was the passage of the law of desamortization, by which the vast possessions of the church in real estate were capitalized and placed in the market. These two measures, absolutely necessary and indispensable for the prosperity of the country, have placed the church in open proclaimed an- tagonism to the government. Several pronuncia- mentos were got up by the priests and other dis- coutented factionists throughout the country, but they were suppressed without much diftiouity, and one or two of the reverend prelates and a few military gentlemen were accommodated with passports and requested to leave their country for their country’s good. The town of Puebla seems to have heen the headquarters of the church party. At least, some’half dozen pronunciamenios have issued from that quarter, and the government has been seve- ral times put to the trouble of besieging the mal- contents there, and reducing them to submission. It was only some month or two ago that we heard of the siege of Puebla having ended in the capture of the place and in the restoration of peace, and almost one of the next pieces of intelli- gence that we received was that the government forces, to the number of five or six thousand, were again seated before the place—just as if it were a matter-of-course sort of business. There they are still; but by the last accounts the ardor of the defenders of religion y fueros—as they call themselves—was sensibly abated, and it was’ thought the place would be taken or surrendered in a short time. Besides this little affair of Puebla, the govern- ment has been also occupied by an ambitious military gentleman, named Vidaurri, who kas taken it into his head to annex to the State of New Leon—of which he was Governor—the two States of Coabuila and Tamaulipas, and to erect out of them a Sierra Madre republic. Well, there have been many small battles and sieges arising out of the idiosyneracy on the part of Senor Vidaurri—henemerito de la patria, as all these patriots dub themselves. Bat it seems that he is a popular and influential person- age; and one can hardly tell whether he is on the side of the government or against it. For instance, we find in the last news from Mexico « communication intorming the Minister of War of the capture of Monterey and of the defeat of the traitor Vidaurri ; and again we find a proposal from this same gentleman to the officer command- ing the goveanment forces before Puebia to cease hostilities until he (Vidaurri) should go to Mexico to have a talk with Comonfort. In the meantime the law Lerdo—affecting the church property—is being vigorou -ly carried out, sod is supported by tte masses of the people. ‘The sales of property under it have reached, so far, the enormous sum of $18,000,000. Five per cent of the proceeds goes direct to the gu- vernment, and the rest lies upon the property as a sort ef mortgage, payable in instalments. By this means the church gets no more than it got before in the way of rent, an] besides, its i: terest therein ceases eo soon as the capital is paid off. But it is rich enough in personal pro- perty and in the fees which it derives from the piety of the faithful. It can well afford to : being @ great land proprietor. We hear nothing now-a-days of the descent of that grand Spanish armada upon Vera Cruz The hidalgos evidently got scared at tae idea of ® counter-movement upon the island of Caba, and they wisely determined, it would seem, not to throw the first stone. The difficulty with Eug- land, in reference to the claim of Forbes aud Barron for damages, appears to be allowed to sleep tor a little while longer—at least no ag- gressive measures are being taken to exact repa- ration. It will probably be settled by diplomatic means. One of the most curious and signiiicant items of Mexican news, however, is a manifesto issuod by bis ex-Serene Highness Don Antonio de Santa Anna, from his quiet retreat in Turbaco, near Carthagena, New Granada. We give a transla. tion to-day of thie extraordinary document. it is highly characteristic of its author, whue patriotiem and disinterestedness it holds up the admiration of the world. I: commences by dragging in that leg of his which he lost at Vera Cruz, or, a8 he himsely says, offered up as a ho- Jocaust on the altar of his country. He is ter- ribly severe on Senor Comonfort, as being 0: a class of adventurers celebrated for their in’ ty, who, without having ever paid an obolus into the national treasury, get up revolutions aud impose themeclves upon the country as dic He protests against the action of Gen Liave, who, when Governor of Vera Cruz, sold his (Santa Apna’s) private property there. also protests against the Sultan like de Don Ignacio Comoutort, the President, con cating bis property, aed against the audacity o! the rame gentleman in asserting that he, Santa Abwa, bad appropriated to bis own w Ny por- tion of the proceeds af the vale of the Mossiila valley. Ife denounces it is an atrocions imou.a tion, and says that be shall ot some later time expose the calumny in all its deformity, and, do mond redress, And, floally, he announces his determination, when law and civil government are re-established in Mexico, of going before the courts of that country and demanding restitatwn and indemnity. ‘This isa grand manifesto of Santa Anna. throws completely into the shade all the feeblur forts of Mexiean pronunciados and revolutionists, From his safe retreat in Turbaco he burls ds ie fiance at his rival, whom he took good care not | to meet in the field, and in oriental language “takes bim eat dirt.” But silly as this pronun cumento appears, it has a deep-lying motive. | Santa Anna wants to keep bis name and claim fizzling out all over the South, under tie reaction | before the Mexican people, trusting for some thing to tarn up. As something is always turn ing up in Mexico, the ex Dictator may be making a very sensible move. Altogether, a very funny country ie Mexico very. | ‘The Future Growth and Supply of Cotton. The Tribune, with its kindred political philoso- phers, would probably feel gratified if they could see the cotton culture overthrown at the South and transferred to some other part of the world. It would probably be a matter of indifference whether negroes were employed in its production elsewhere, so that they would cease to be so em- ployed in this country. Hence, whenever they theorize on the subject, they always reason ac- cording to their fancy, and have predicted for twenty-five or thirty years past that India would rival the United States in the production of cot- ton. If she could not do it before, she will now accomplish it by building railroads. Yet how far such improvements are to overcome the insupe- rable difficulties of climate and other impediments does not appear. On each side of the equator there is a belt of country surrounding the globe between 20 to 28 and 30 degrees north and south latitude, in which the year is divided into six months rain and six months, or thereabouts, of drouth. The width of this tropical region varies in the Old and New Worlds. / In India it extends north to the Himalayas, and in Africa to the shores of the Mediterranean in Egypt and Algeria, with this exception, that in Egypt it scarcely ever rains at all, and vege- tation of all kinds hasto be produced by irriga- tion. In India, the sugar cane, indigo, rice, Xc., are all the productsof irrigation, and where this cannot be employed, their successful or profitable chitivation is impossible—so of cotton; while we have shown that in America we have an extensive tract of country possessing more or less an inter-tropical temperature with suitableness of soil, which nature has furnished with means of irrigation on a grand scale. How far the climate and other im- pediments caused the experiments made by Ame- rican planters in India between the years 1840 and 1845 to fail, will be seen by reference to the report made by one of them—Mr. Terry—who returned to this country after five years residence in India, The experiments were made under all the most favorable circumstances which capital could secure. The best cotton seed and machi- nery were carried out from this country, and the best locations and the most favorable soils selected for their use, and the most ample supply of labor placed at their disposal What the result was we will let Mr. Terry speak for himself. There were ten planters engaged, selected from Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and seven of them re- mained experimenting for five years—the term of their engagement :— Mr. declared that the two great and insuperable difficuttics in the way of cultivating cotton in India, are attributable to the too great extremes of dry and wet weatber either of which is peculiarly fatal to colton. Du ing the centinuance of the rainy season the cotton plants grow with unwonted luxuriance and rapidity, to be as Fuddeniy checked and cut off by the intense heat of ‘the sun, which pours upon them during the suaceeding Gry season. When the dry weasher sets in, the sun ripens the bolls lurely, when apparently not half rown; while leaves of the pliant are crisped and mea to a brown color by the intensity of the solar beat. In Lower Bengal the rainy season commences late in May, and continues ti!! October. In Ceatral India, the rainy seasca about tue middie of July, ana begins Jagte til: [rom the 1st to the 16th of oer. In Lower ‘Bevgal ag much as 76 inches of rain usually falls intweive months. In Central India no crops can antici with much less than thirteen inches never fail to result in # ‘amine, which is dreadful in its cilects upon the vatives. In addition to ihe uncon- querabie difficulties of the climate, the cotton plant is ex- poeed 10 We fatal attacks o: destructive inseots. There is ope which lays an egg ta the flower of the piant. Leiure the boll matures, the worm forms within it, wich feeis upon the geeen and tender bres of the eating ut all the cotton withia the boll before it matures, leay- bg ooly a lock or two tn some boils or whe ia otpers Bot s fibre is jeft. Im some parts of India it Is also subject totbe sttecks of white ants, which cat down the plarts while Pe ge or the young podr, aud cut them | that the Americans ca2 co, wb their beet exeruions, only enabie them to raise, oa tbe average, adout ten pounds of clean cotton to the acre, from the best American cotton seed, and only seventy pounés of coticn to the acre from native lodia cotton teed, Mr T., before leaving Misiseippt to go to India, super- ‘ntendec & cotton estae near jaey, ia that stale, in 1839, on whieh he raised over aine hundred pounds of Swan Conon tothe acre lie rays that year he made a sending to market two pundred bales -\merican cotton growers wo weat to India, sud was stationed at Gorvckpore, put two bun dred acre in cotton, from whica be gateered only two bun¢red pourcs of clean cotton. The most those seat io Coimbatore could 40, wae (0 reise, in & favoradlo Of seed cotton to the acro— . Could CO, Was to Taine, the first year, ten pounds of chan cotien !rom American coon seed of the Mexican variety, (the bert,) aud seventy pounds of native cotton totheacre He tays the American seed carned out from ebou: Rooney, (the best im America.) deteriorated every }esr: the staple or dire growing shorter, whiio the yield grew less. Jt is bis firm conviction, tuat if ibe American seed De planted over and over agaia in the same soli, im Incia, in Years it will totally cease to mature He also says, by ol it to other b moihiag in 8 few ra , ua that whon lew thas cle nn inches of rain fall in central India, there te @famime by reason of ihe failure of tbe rive crop, whicd is aimost the only food of tho patives. ‘The government makes no allowance for ‘be failure of @ crop, bu. enforces ibe collection of 14 dues iers. (who hire iand, and employ valives of sud villages to work \t, jast the same as j failure hed ceourred) He rays toee Kind of :eriedionl recurrence, ones in 1% SOO portions of Ind! | enry pe cues me ae ‘oreea to tel\ out their cattle and every other thing the} perecered. Toey would out down their troes, thew WwW evable them to meet their sud: they were Houses Aud themselves of clothing, and even eeli their ebiores into bencage, is oder them deeircetion Ho esys tbat India never can become sot- ted With a European population, on socount of the ex. prevortipg thetr laboring in S00 open flelde UI DIDg SoU, Wihout deatruwion. ie the ing Oppresrireness of the beat that all ine travelling ss dome at night. The travelleg is carried ib & SeCan, OF palanquiu, Supported by wix or eight mp, who relieve each other at the end of iT they lay by for the remaia- der cf the gay. way the American cottoa- ow ers were carried (rom part of Inaia to another, March a: night, avd often figdt ter batiles at is " T. saye that evch te the destructive character of the ‘white apt in Many paris of India, they actually level mad he uses im a ow yeare—which are the ouly kind of houses that can bo uerd tp the loterior on acconnt of the scarcity of timber, Machinery mane of wood, and carried into the country, af era while is limble to ve attacked by them and dertroyed is Ptatiop, in Bundiecund found the heat eo Freat an ‘0 be compelled to sleep out of doore—the com Moon practice in India. iv such cases, it ie necessary to ire the betives to keep wateh a)! might, ai 19), cente por Mir bt, 10 keop off pckair, hyenas aad wolves, with wbich i and whieh Often venture upon too 1 Tos, With ® contrivance sometbiag wer vo that vtec for Reepibg fies from the tabiec io this country. which the autives put in motion by pulling & rope om the outelde of the house. Governor Adame, of South Carolina, and the Trdname ave mi vin supposing that the growth of cotion in India and its supply to Great Bri- tain is largely on the increase, ‘The importa of India cotton into Great neitain® for the past six years, or during the golden pe- riod, have been as foilows:— Dales. 200,474 1K6S a6 474 1864 4 abont equal that of 1855, The great bulk of In- dia cotton consisis of the poor short staple arti- ele, kuown as Sarat, which is chietly imported | trom Bombay. In Liverpool, when American uplands and Galf cottons sell at G)d. a 7d., Surats only command its freight. The largest supply Jndia has ever cont to Great Britain was in 1853, when it anounted fo 185,527 bales. But asthe weight of (he baler only average about 200 pounds, while Dales of American cotton average 400 pounds, it i i that the most India bas ever been able to 27 4.a4)d. The long voyage it has to perform | in its transportation to Kagland greatly enhances | supply has been 242,763 bales of equal weight to the American bales. While the annual imports of India eotton into | Great Britain are varied by the Chinese demand and the rates of freight, the annual growth has not varied materially for a great many years. The recent rebellion in China checked its con- sumption in that country, and hence its increased supply to Great Britain. If India is incapable of producing cotton in competition with us, Africa is still less able to do so, In Indit the land titles are all in the hands of the Indian government, and those who cultivate it are compelled to pay a land tax. It is need- Jess to add that such a system, with the absence of a population like that of the American, would be more or less a bar to its culture, if no other difficulties existed. Besides, sugar, indigo, opium and rice are all more profitable articles of culture than cotton. a Let us consider another point of interest; and that is, how much cotton would the region 0’ country suited to its growth in the United States produce, provided every acre of it was fully cul- tivated? To arrive within an approximation of the result we may assume the following calcula- tion:— We find by a careful survey of this region on a map of the United States, that it embraces an area of about 600,000 square miles, which allows. for a very small portion of soil in Virginia and North Carolina. If we suppose that only one acre in sixteen is capable, in this region, of producing cotton, or one-sixteenth of 600,000 square miles, it will give us 37,000 square miles as the approxima- tive amount of cotton producing lands. Now, as each square mile contains 640 acres, and allow- ing 400 Ibs, or about one bale, to the acre, we have a grand total for the whole area (of 37,000: square miles,) 23,680,000 bales of cotton; or say, in round numbers, about 24,000,000 bales, In the older States of Georgia and South Caro- lina the average yield is under 400 lbs. to the acre; while in the Gulf States, and especial- ly in large portions of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas, the average ex- ceeds 400 pounds to the acre. The United States census returns for 1850 give the estimate of land employed in the cultivation of cotton at five millions of acres. Henee a crop of three millions of bales would give an average of three bales to every five acres. On this basis 23,680,000 acres would only yield a crop of 14,208,000 bales, as the total productive ca- pacity of our cotton lands, or only a little over four times the amount of the present year’s crop, which we think too small. The census reports probably embraced much land on cotton estates devoted to other purposes. We consider our esti- mate above nearer the probable correct amount. The most extensive bodies of unopened cotton ~ lands are found west and southwest of the Mis- sissippi, in upper Louisiana and in Arkangas, the Cherokee territory, and in the middle and north- ern parts of Texas. On passing south of the Rio Grande into Mexico, we pass into those tropical extremes of drought and rain which unfit the country for the extensive growth of cotton. The Tribune will thus judge how long it will take the present negro labor of the country to cultivate all its cotton lands. Again, cotton does not exhaust the soil a whit more than Indian corn, In the primitive geological formation of the Atlantic States, it, like Indian cora, impo- verithes the soil, but which, by rotation and manuring, can be again restored ; while, in the great secondary or limestone formation of the Gulf States, a great proportion of the cotton lands, and especially on prairies and river bot- toms, is inexhaustible. It is of a rich black color, end. in places, of from fifteen to twenty feet in depth, and without a stone. When the surface becomes weakened, all that is necessary to get new soil is to plougha little deeper and tarn up fresh earth. On the Red river in Louisiana, the soil is a deep red natural marl, or lime and clay soil | mixed, with vegetable decomposition, and is of xreat depth. Opposite the old town of Natehi- toches, on its banke, settled originally by Span- | iards, there are said to be fields which have been cultivated for 100 years, first fora long period in tobacco, and for many years past in cotton, and among its latest crops it yielded over 1,000 pounds of seed cotton to the acre, So much for the exbaustion or wearing out of our cotton lauds, We still contend that the only question regarding its future growth and supply is one of | labor, ‘THE LATEST NEWS. BY PRINTING AND MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS, From W. . | A LOUD CALL POR THE DALLAS TREATY—MARCY | RUNNING DOWN THE FILIBPSTERS, ETC. Wasntvoros, Deo. 14, 1866. It appears that the President te holding back (he treaty mace by Mr. Dallas, and that it bas been the sasject oF terious Cabinet copsuitation for some days. There iv =. strove detire on the part of certain Seuators to see it; acd | am informed thet ii it is not sent to the Seoate soon scall wil be mate for They allege tha: there is no reason why it should not baye been seut io the first week of the ression. Secretary Marcy is willl in pursuit of the parties who are attempting to get up an expedition against Venezuela, ‘nod has summoned rome of them who are in this city to appear forthwith at the State Department. Hs says he wilt have no more Mhibvstering parties leaving we United Staion making war upon governments with which we are: at peace, Several letters have been received here from Oregon, mainly {rom mitslonanes, urgivg ia the strongest terme the return there of the late Saperintendent of Indian Adair, Dr. Dart, of Wiscousin. The writers stats tha they do not know whether he \s living or dead, but aver tbat the Indisos will quictly submit to the government avthorities fu the event of bit return, and that peace wil” Again reiga ya tbat dietenctec country. Hhe Southern Mat, Battinons, Dec. 14, 1854, We bave no mail to-day south of Mobile, tlt United states Cireat Court. Hefore Hon. Judge Bets, SUITS FOR RETURN OF pUTTES. Dee Genne tos Hegh Maree! oie waa an ac on brought by Messrs. Ridgeway & MoTnilongh against the ¢fendant aa Collector of the port of New York to recover ack excess of duty, paid under protest, npon cabinet faeni- ture, The goods were imported from France, and were com oved of chairg, tabies, bureaus and other articles of Cura. wre, mode OF rosewood, mahogany, tulip and oak woods, ond clamed, aagueh to be subject only toa duty of 30 per w per cent wae charged and paid, ait was roperiy known roment the goods were rosewood, Ac. Verdict for pinintitt $750, the Custom House, and to the 4 ney of prevents, For defendant, P. J. St Attorney, om rice! — TONS WAS AN ack excess ot duty paid under pre- ‘The fibre of the caroring vevion of the Kast indies, i&. ‘The goods in question from auch fiore @! land ‘couand, be Lived States, ‘the olauntiifs claimed and exoorted to that these goose of 20 per cant asa manntactiire . emp, oF ie the detondamt cladned ‘hat thee were to & duly of 00 per cept under the schednie of the taritt hich imposes a dity of 99 per cent on Wilton, Brageels srcLotber earpeune of staiiat fabr.°, treating the word fabric, in (he senee used, 10 mesa sitting adaptedness or make. The seme cours@l appeared in thin are. His Honor che u vry that jc was their provioos to non @ of the erticle. by which it je, a8 used in the act, does not mean of aimnilar a yt Deither the method of m: re ae to whieh it may be aoplied. but the Ingredient | thong iter, The jury rendered a verdict for plaintitts | 51.900, eotyeet to aadyuaiment at the Comtom Foose and to 1 opuyon of ine Court ag jp gully gRey of PYIEEly he