The New York Herald Newspaper, December 6, 1856, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JaAwES GORDON BENNETT, .« £DITOR AND PROPRIETOR, ® rice N. W. OO ER OF NASSAU AND FULTON 818. nae y CORRESPONDENCE. contain ins inport- from any quarter of the world—i 5 wall jor KF UUR BORRIGN COKREWY NENTS iy RegUBei ko TO Sak ait LEPTARS anD aK AG NU NOTICE taken of anonymous communiontions, We do 0. cturn ove rehereal 4D ERTISEMENTS JCB PRINTING ox every day h neainess, cheap uve and des ...No. 339 Na. Prosdwar—Tke Scnoc~MastER— ss—Racvl, AMUSEMENTS THIS EV WTSLO'R GARDEN Dont Korm Frars-!wo Gza#p | SOWERY THEATRE, Sowery—Sr. Manz—Oni0m, Broadway, oppose Bond st. Actas. DURTON'S NEW CEA Puanrox— ion Devils WALLAM vadway—Lave or LyoNs— Kasnenien 9p Parnvci oS THEATRE, 624 Broadway—Youra BAW Ase. 49 STRYET THEATRE, (ste Burton's)—Onion 20 MINALDINI—~OBo MOL OF [WTEREST. SARNUMS AMERICAN MU SCRA DO BaZan, Bazan—Deev a8 A Fost. BROADWAY VARIMTIES, 472 Broadway—F. D.—Nax, wae soup Fox NoTMNS. 380. CURISEY & WOOD'S MINSTRELS, 444 Broad- way. Praroxaaxces—Tae UD Clock, AUCKLMY’S SERENADEKS, 885 Broadway—Ermoran uvemicisy— Macy ree HALL, 519 Brosdway.—Worpenren TR1cKs, Dow SK EYS— a fierpoon and Et KUM, BSrogdway.—ater- Byeaing— UMSAR DB The New We give in another column an account of the farlare of the house of Jaceb Little & Co., of Wall street. The magnitude of the operations of this eoncern in the stock market has given it a world- wide reputation, and the announcement of the fail- are created quite a sensation among stock syecula- tors. The failure is only on the stock contracts of ‘he firm. All the other business goes on as usual, ana the drafts of its correspondents were prid tu- day. Mr. little is probably the oldest and was the most extensive operator at the Stock Exchange. He has failed, we believe, twice before, but in euch in- stance paid ap every cent of b's liabilities. principal and interest, long before the tim: requested om the susversion expired. In all bis dealings with others the utmost liberality and generosity his marked his conduct, and he will find now, as he has before, ®hat otbers will do upto bom as he has done unto them. The Stock Exchange will lose its master spirit in the retirement of Jacob Little. It is to be doped that his absence will be but temporary, and that a few days will sce him again in the harness with energies improved by the short rest from his labors. The ste>mship Arago, which left Havre oa the lyth of November, arrived at this port yesterday morning, after a very rough passage. She had $15,- @00 in specie on board. Miss Anna M. Lachaise, of New York, died on tae 3d instant, of brain fever, on the versel. Although the news by the Arag) has een anticipated by the arrival of the Arabia at Halifox, *e have some very interesting extracts ia our Puropean files received yesterday. The Arabia, which errived at Liverpool on the 15tn ult., an- sounced the news of Mr. Buchanan's election to the Presidency, through the agency of the associated press, a fact which is dweit on with considerable concern by our London cotemporaries, on account of tbe probable difficulties which would cone betwoen cur government and the Eurlpean Pewers from apy attempt on the part o’ his Cavinet to carry out the the dvctrines of the Ostend manifesto. The style in which Red- peth, the great English ra‘iway ewindler, lived, and bis liberal patronage of the Opera, the fine arts, the poor, fite banque’s and other public ovations are detailed ai length, and affor! another forcible ilius- fasion of the position that “a man may sm‘le aod be « villain.” Thiee mates of the ship Ocean Mo- sarch, at Livepool, had been fined for a series of moet atrocious arsat om some of the crew during ber passage from New York. Mr. Little, Cashier of the Gieat Midland Rail vay of Ireland, did no* com- mit suicide, as reperted by the Persia, but was mar- dered, os found at the inquest. Dr. Kane, in com- pany with Mr. Moses Grinnell, had le't Eng! f the West Indies. An important communication on the sugar movement in Europe is given elsewhere. The Senate was not in session yesterday. Inthe House the reconsideration of the claim of Mr. Wait- field to a seat in that body acain came up, and an animated dis-uesion took place. Upon a division which was bad upon the question, it was ascertained that a mejority of three were in favor of his admis. sion Further action on the subject, however, was at length deferred until Tuesday next, when the matter will probably be disposed of. The report of the Secretary of the Navy, together with much other important and intersting matier, wil be found in eppropriate places in this morn- ing’s edition. Eleewhere will e found an interesting letter from Washington in relation to Nicaragua, which, to- gether with Central American affiirs general y, are Likely to produce much discussion in Congress at its present session. It was stated yesterday that the President had decided to purchase the Brick Charch property in thie city for a Post Office, provided a good title could be given, but has since chauged his mind. The sam te be paid for the property was $450,000. Reseiutions have been introdnced in the South Carolina Legislature deprecating the continual agi- tation of the abstract theories relative to the slave trade and other matters, as dividing and distracting the Ptate, and alienating from her the support and sympathies of other States. Toe Southern Commercial Convention assembles at Savannah on Monday next. Fall delegations are expected to be present from ail the Southern States. The conclusion of Hon. T. Butler King’s addrese before the Geographical Society, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, omitted in yesterday's issue, will be found in another column. The trial of Baker for the morder of Poole, which bas Leen in progress at Newbarg for some days, ‘was brought to a termination yesterday. Aftera favorable charge to the jary on behalf of the priso- ner, by Judge Peabody, they retired to consider ap- on their verdict, but the reso!t of their delitera- se was unknown at a late hour this morning. trick Greely, who was stubbed about two weeks va man named Hartly, died yesterday in the ‘Hospital. Hartly, it will be remember- ireely in his wife's apartments, and ina dsy stabbed him «0 severely that all ef- preserve his life proved unavailing. The » taken before the Coroner is given elae- no detail. case of Saltas va. Genin and Lockwood, rela- w stockjobbing operations, came up yesterday he Snperier Court. Considerable evidence wis given in relation to the trausaction, but it had not all been got through with when the Court adjourn. ed. The evidence sheds considerable light om the way business is done in Wall street. Virgil McCormick was sentenced yesterdsy in the ited Sates District Court, at Detroit, Michigan, wenty yeare-five years imprisonment, for forging affidavits to bounty land and pension papers. ‘The Canal tolls for the present year foot up $2,733,516 against $1,808,077 last year, being an increase of $025,239. The sales of cotton yesterday embraced about #000 bles incladed, in which were about 3,000 in transitn, atl at fall prices, Common grades EE NEW YORK HERALD of flowr were firmer, while extra brands were un- chamged. Sales were made to a fair extent. ‘Weeat was firmly held, while sales were moderate without change in prices. Corn was firmer, and sales light, there being a disposition to await the receipt ofthe Arabia’s letters, ou the part of pur chasers fr expori. Provisions were -teady, with light sales of old and new mess at $19 a $19 50. Sugars were quite and firm; sales of about 350 hhds, were made at prices given in another colam», At the public sales of Rio coffee yesterday, 1,934 bags of the 4,100 advertised, were sold at ®jc. a 104c., show- ing a decline of jc. After the sale, owing to favor- abe accounts, per Arabia, from Antwerp, a better feeling sprung vp, and 2,006 bags of that withdrawn were sold at Sjc., 4 9Jc. and 1,000 do. do., sold for export at p.t. Preights to English porte were easier, and engagements moderate. Poor Pierce’s Message in the Senate—An- other Furious Fiare-up over the Niggers. Niggers—notning but niggers—the beginniag or the end, it is nizgera It was hardly to be ex- pected that poor Pierce, whose Presidential ca- reer at home and abroad has been so consgicu- ously marked with the acts of the sneakiag ia- cendiary, would let slip the opportuuity afforded by his annual Message for casting another fire- brand into Congress upon this everlasting nigger question, Indeed, so far from there being any- thing to surprise us in the Message, it was exact- ly what we had anticipated upon the Kansas im- broglio. But we had expected something more of the policy of common sense in both houses than they have exhibited in their reception of this Ex- ecutive firebrand. A little cold water would have put it out. We bad supposed that the Senate, at least, considering the fies of things, would let this wretched self-detence of poor Pierce go for what it was worth, and proceed to the public business, and it is here that we are disappointed. The debate which has followed the thanks of Mr. Brown, and the blarney of Mr. Fitzpatrick, is but the poorest sort of a rebash of all the nigger flummery, fustian, fuss and fury, North and Soath, of thirty years’ accumulatiqn The Southern fire-eater, like a svirt in a high wind, has again flapped himself into a perfect rage—the old fogy has again become excited at the hazards of an explosion, sooner oc later des- tined to blow us all up into the air—the Norchera doughface has once more stepped forward with his airs and pretensieas of love inexhaustible for the Union, while the Northera faoatic and dema- gogue have j umped at the chance of lashing the Southera secessionist into convulsions And what isitallabout? Tae treachery and raftianisaa of poor Pierce in Kansas, the popular revolt throughout the North against him, and the miserable defence of the wretched criminal, cover the whole ground. These points, we admit, afford am inexhaustible theme for Buncombe speeches and fire-eating manifestoes; but is this the time for suc’ rub- bish? It is the short sessioa—poor Pierce is going out—we shall soon be done with him—a new administration is coming in, which, let us hope, will rectify the blunders and atone for the crimes of Pierce; aud in the meantime, the legitimate legislative measures awaiting the action of Congress will admit of bat little delay. A few weeks wasted in the begianing will proba- bly cost the country millious of dollars, in the loose, cramming, reckless and druaken proseed- ings of the last three days and nights of the session, We had supposed that with Mr. Buchanan's election there would be at least a brief armistice upon this everlasting nigger controversy. Bat it seems there is to be uo armistice—no rest; that all the old battles upon niggers are to be fought yet once more, and that the dead are to be killed over again. The Senate has opened the entertainment with their old dish of bash, faming and smoking with old bones, garlic and onions. Niggers, niggers, we are still to be crammed with niggers. Morning, noon and night, at this rate, we sball soon be surrounded and suffocated with niggers. Have we no white people in the United States? Have they no claims, no in- terest, so measures or principles of any import- ance to them or their posterity pending before Congress? Has the business of the government, has the destiny of this great and glorioas coaa- try, dwindled down to the paltry issues of the extension of niggers, the supremacy of niggers, the importance of niggers, or the price of niggers? Is Governor Wise right in supposing that the value of the Uniou depends upon an increased demand for and larger profits for good fat Virginia niggers? or is Lloyd Garrison right in declaring that there should be “ oo union with slavehold- ere” until they shall bave emaucipated their nig- gers, and turned them loose to starve, or to kill, burn and destroy ? We are sick, our readers are sick, and the whole country is sick of this eternal, never en! ing and still beginning gabble about niggers. We should esteem it an unspeakable blessing if the nigger agitators, North aad South, fire-eat- ers, old foola, young fanatics, and all others affected with this negrophobia, could be cured by 0 dose or two of common sense. And what have they to gain, one way or the other, by this unseasonable agitation in the South? Pierce can do nothing—Congrese can do nothing on the subject in advance of the new administration. Why +ot, then, we repeat, suspend this senseless fuss and flummery about niggers and go to work’ Leave the nigger question to Mr. Bu- chanan, to the organic law of Kansas, to tue organic laws of nature, climate, productions, ea- terprise, and to the physical adaptation of the two races to thie or that locality. Kansas will be a free State from the superior pressure of all these laws in favor of the white race and free white labor. But if south of Kansas there thould epring up a half dozen slave States, ad- mit them. Why not? Our successtul experience hae proved that under a common government there may be the most beautiful harmony and the most perfect reciprocal advantages between the free labor of the North and the slave system of the South. Climate is something--the adap- tation of this or that race to the field work of this or that climate is something—the necossity of different systems of labor under different cli- mates is something, but experience is everything —everything in life, everything in society, every- thing in government. A struggle of several thousand years, involv- ing the bloody sacrifice of many nations and millions of men, has been the consequence of that original fatal delusion that the religion of the enhject was properly an affair of the State, and that the religion of the community must bea unit. The most glorious achievement of the American Revolution was the opposite polisy which it established of religious liberty. The seed thue sown hae been reproduced and wafted over the sea, and has taken root in England, in France, in poor old Spain, in Sardinia, and even in Russia and Turkey. On the other hand, in Mexico and other Spanish American States they still adhere to that old bloody delusion of an exclusive State religion for the people, and where are they in the scale of progress and civi- lization? So with different systems of labor un- der the same common government. As we have fifty different schools of religion, so we may have fifty different systems of labor, white, black, red and yellow, free and slave labor. How many ex- isted in the Roman empire, and, after reaching its meridian, it took that empire seven hundred years to die, What occasion for fear, then, is there in the expansion of free labor or slave la- bor in these United States, so ..,.. as the good faith of our fathers to the constitucion shall live ? That it does still live, fresh aud strong among the masses of the people, who can doubt ? Let us implore, then, the old sachems and demegogues, the young Hotspurs and fire-eaters of the Senate, to let this infernal nigger con- troversy rest for a season, and go to work. Our foreign affairs, our domestic affairs, in all their practical ramifications, call for work. Useful measures are waiting .for action, and measures of corruption are awaiting a judgment. Of our annual expenditure, all things included, trenching hard upon eighty mil- lions a year, under a proper spirit of retreach- ment a reduction might be effected to the extent of at least twenty-five or thirty million. ¢ j, the short session, a most unseasonable time to begin again the washing, North and South, of our dirty nigger linen. Let it rest in the tub till we hear from Mr. Buchanan. Let the nigger driving and nigger worshipping declaimers of the Senate be silenced. We are all sick of this old stale rehash of niggers. Let common sense demand a hearing, and, for a month or two, give us a change of diet. The whole country, depend upon it, is sick of this everlasting dish of niggers. The Mission to Bogeta—Schemes to Get the Isthmus, We learn from Washington that the new Com- missioner to Bogota has been loaded and primed, and sent off by the steamship Illinois, which sailed yesterday. The instructions are remark- ably peaceful in their tone. Please to pay wh § you owe us; what will you take for a new postal arrangement; and how will you secure the liv s and property of our citizens against the black rascals of Panama? are the sum and substance of their tenor. After the blustering of the Message toward New Granada, we could not expect any- thing different from poor Pierce; and even for thus much Marcy is greatly indebted to the Hexatp, for it is doubtful whether, if we had not taken up and elucidated the questions pending, Mr. Commissioner Morse would have got any in- structions at all. Since we have shown how to make the demand, and where to get the money to pay with, there is a chance that the Panama suf- ferers will get some reparation. A curious fact has leaked out at Wash- ington, however, in connection with the Isth- mus, which, perhaps, may have had some- thing te do with Mr. Commissioner Cor- wine’s grand filibuster recommendation to seize it. Mr. Hoagly has more peaceful iuten- tions than Mr. Corwine. He attends church re- gularly, and perhaps thinks it not strictly moral to run the trains on Sunday. So he wants that Marcy should buy the Istbus, pay five or ten millions down, and call it Uncle Sam’s half-way house. This would be a capital scheme, only it won't work. Let us see: The Panama Railroad Company bas some eeven or nine millions invest- ed there, and the stock is at 09—it has risena little since the publication of the Message—but if this government could be brought to bear the expense and responsibility of keeping the nig- gers quiet on the Isthmus, who knows how high Panama stock might not go? Moreover, the company hold large grants of land that are now absolutely worthless, but they would make an excellent speculation if the United States could only be induced to seize or buy the Isthmus. This Panama scheme is a Wall street idea, and exbibits all the points of a Wall street plan. It is only a_ prelude to the coming battle between all the various interests of the Isthmus routes which now centre in that delighttul locality. Mr. Hoagly is marshaling the forces of the Panama route; Garrison and Morgan are backing up Walker and the Nicaragua line, whose flank is protected by our old friend George Law; while Col. Sloo and Major Harris are recruiting for Tehuantepec. Among these contestants for the travel and trade between the Atlantic and the Pacific, Com. Vanderbilt seems just now to be like an Arab, his band being against every man, and every man’s hand against him; but he is an old Wall street schemer, and will fall into line some- where before the fight is over. We have every confidence that he will come in for a share of the epoils. We hope they will all have a good time, and particnlarly that they will redace the fare to California, which is rather high for these nard times. In the meantime we will inform Me. Da- vid Hoagly, President of the Panama Railroad Company, confidentially, that he won't succeed in getting either Marcy or Pierce up to the atick- ing point of buying or filibustering the Isthmus of Panama. We have taken their measure long ago. Breaxixe Ur tae Corartxersuir.—Our honest and amiable cotemporaries of the Tridune seem to think that the entire assets of the republican party, which recently failed in business, belong exclusively to them. We must demur to this decision. We became a partner in this concern, and contributed a large amount of capital to set it going. We labored, too, with some consider- able effect; and but for the treachery and folly of seme of our associates in the same cause we thould have established the business on a per- manent footing and placed the head of the com cern in his proper position. We think, there fore, in looking over the assets of the late repub- lican party, that our honest cotemporary has made a mistake in supposing that the stock in trade belongs to them, and that it consists of their peculiar anti-slavery ideas. That won't do. The capitel we contributed to the firm was not anti-dlavery—never will be anti-slavery. The votes for Fremont numbered nearly one million and eight bundred thousand; and we venture to say that of this vast array not one-tenth were anti-slavery men, in the sense of our amiable and philosophical cotemporaties of the 7ritune. The 7rilune will remember hereafter not to appropriate political property which don’t be- long to it, and not to seek to monopolise or nse that which others have an equal right with it to | claim. New Treaty wire EB Tae | & good deal of mystery and surmise in relation to the new treaty between the United States aud Great Britain recently concluded by Mr. Dalias un- der the order of Mr. Secretary Marcy. It is gene- rally believed to be supplemental to the Clayton- Bulwer treaty. If it is patterned after that con- cern, we have serious doubts as to ite ratification by the Senate of the United States. All the principal questions upon which there was a divi- sion of opinion between England and the United States in relation to Central American affairs have been settled and arranged by treaties be- tween England, Nicaragua and Honduras respec- tively. Any other treaty in relation to the af- fairs of the last named States, and tending to form an alliance between England and the United States, isan infringement upon the traditional policy of the country since the days of Wash- ington, which {s to avoid all entangling alli- ances, We are afraid that Secretary Marcy has spoiled the reputation of a lifetime of diplomacy and committed a very grave error of impolicy. The Present Growth and Future Supply of Cotton, The question of the supply and consumption of cotton, both in a commercial and political point of view, has for @ long period engaged the attention of the civilized world. England, ever watchful of her commercial and manofacturing interests, has been casting about for the last quarter of a century for some source from which she could obtain cotton independent of the United States, She was induced, at the expense of probably a million of dollars, to make the experiment in India, which ended in utter failure. France has essayed to try the experiment in Algeria, which can only result in disappointment. Those who entertain the theory that because a country is sufficiently hot, it therefore ought, with a favorable soil, to pro- duce cotton, show a deficiency of practical knowledge on the subject. It is so arranged, in the order of Providence, that the United States possess the only climate and soil adapted to the extended culture of cot- ton to be found, probably, on the habitable globe. Let ue see how this is to be accounted for. We must understand that there are about fifty varieties of the gosypium, or cotton plant, and that ont of the whole number there are only about four cultivated for commercial pur- poses, each of which is an annual, and re- quires replanting every year. The perennial cotton trees of the tropics are wholly useless, so far as the quantity of yield or quality is concerned ; their pods, or bolls, are small and comparatively few to the tree, while the fibre of the cotton is coarse, harsh and brittle. We must comprehend the fact that the annual plants culti- vated in the United States are only adapted to a climate whemeaain and sunshine alternate, with sufficient heat to mature the plants, and that they will not stand the extremes of drought and rain common to all inter-tropical latitudes, where the only plan which can be employed in rearing them cousists in irrigation—a method too artificial and expensive ever to be employed on a large scale. Hence, when we hear that India, Africa, Algeria er Egypt are to compete with the United States, we know that the thing is simply impossible. In the United States the northern limits of the cotton culture are bounded by 34 to 36 degrees north latitude, omitting intervening mountainous elevations and strips of sterile soil; and by the shores of the Atlantic ocean and the Gulf of Mexico (the latter being in latitudes 28 to 30 degrees) on the south. This cotton region extends around the Gulf of Mexico through Texas to the mouth of the Rio Grande on the south west, and stretches in a northeasterly and southwester- ly direction from about the longitude of 76 de- grees 30 minutes to 99 degrees west of Green- wich. The great cause of the fertility of the coun- try thus described is attributable to the great basin of water known as the Gulf of Mex- ico and the Gulf Stream, which passes out parallel with the shores of the Southern cotton States. The water of the Mexicen Gulf, heated by the rays of a tropical sun, causes an immense evaporation, which, in expanding or drifting porth, or towards the elevated lands east and west of the Mississippi, is condensed by cold air, and produces frequent showers during the warm months of spring and summer, and which is the life of the cotton plants. A similar process takes place along the Southern Atlantic States. The evaporation from the Gulf Stream is con- densed by the cooler air of the Alleghanies. Thus we have an immense region of cottou lands over which nature has established the most won- derful system of irrigation known in the world, in combination with the proper amount of heat and richness of soil. When we consider that these great physical advantages have been united with enterprise, skill and slave institutions managed by Anglo-Saxon intellect, all tending to their developement, promoted by the only fixed labor suitable to the culture of cotton, we shall experience no difficulty in comprehending why the United States enjoy « monopoly in its pro- duetion. And suppose England could overcome the laws of nature, and transfer the cultivation of cotton from America to Africa, what would she gain by the operation? If she is our best customer for cotton, are we not her beet customers for her manufactures? By changing the culture of cot- ton from America to semi-barbarous regions, and thus crippling the industry of this country, would she not at the same time injure herself to the same extent by destroying her best customer? In all questions affecting commercial and »o- litical economy, common sense must and ought to govern the case, The question at present us to the future supply of cotton is one of Inbor. ‘The consumption of the article and its prices must be greatly influenced by the supply of labor. Our cotton lands, irrigated by the laws of nature, are yet extensive enough, if brought into full culti- vation, to produce many more millions of bales over the present yield just as easy as three mil- lions of bales are now grown. The annual increase in the production of cot- ton has not been in @ uniform ratio, Thus, in 1820-21 the crop only amounted to 450,000 bales, and in 1826-"27 reached more than doable the quantity, the crop of that year being 957.- 281 bales—the annual augmentation being frou 100,000 to 200,000 bales. The next duplication occurred in about 1837~'38, when the crop reach- ed 1,801,477 bales. The first year in which the crop reached two millions of bales was in 1839 ‘40, when it amounted to 2,17 From that period to 1851 embraced a period of commercial depression, consequent upon the commercial re- action which followed the revulsion of 1856—'s7, and to which was added the distusying element of the Mexican war. The crops for these ten or | eleven years averaged about 2.000,000 bales With the discovery of California gold miaos commercial affairs acquired anew impetus, with which an immense increase in the demand for consumption grew up. From a crop of 2,096,706 bales in 1849~°50, we find that the sapply ia 18 53 reached 282 bales, which in 195 fell back, by a bad season, to 2,950,027 bales, and in 1854-55 to 2,847,339 bales; while in 1855-°56 the supply reached the enormous amount of 3.527.845 bales, abont 300,000 of which it was estimated was SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1856. of the previous year’s growth, kept back by low water in the country, making the average growth of the two years as follows :— | 1854-55, bales 1856-56 The crop ef this year, or of 1856- ted at only 3,000,000 of bales, showing an actual decreare of growth, compared with last year, of 227,845 bales. The following is a recapitulation, showing the successive augmentation of crops Tota! increase im 36 years, Theee figures clearly show that the consump- tion has heen steadily gaining on production. Had the full amount of labor been available this amount of increase could have been greatly augmented. The consumption in the United States has been steady and progressive. In twenty years it has increased from 149,516 bales in 1826-'27, to 652,739 bales in 1855-56, The exports to Europe have increased from 2,444,000 in 1851-52, to 2,955,000 in 1855-56, of which Great Britain took 1,921,000 bales. We thus find the changes in the past four years,, of what we may call the golden period, have been as follows : 1851-2, rope. Expor' Consumption in Great Britain, United States If we suppose the world to continue at peace, and the gold mines of California and Australia to continue equally prolific to meet the continued ratio of increased consumption indicated by the above figures, in ten years hence the crop should increase to 2,528,294, or yield a total aggregate crop by the year 1866-"67, of 5,528,294 bales, and which may, in fact, be nearer six millions of bales! Have we the elements of labor to produce it? Clearly not. The slave population of the United States in 1840 was 2,487,455, and in 1850, 3,204,313, showing in round numbers about 30 per cent in- crease in ten years, While the slave population im the next ten years can only increase 30 per cent, the increased power of consumptien, domes- tic and foreign, will require an increase of pro- duction of nearly 100 per cent. And is not the North, and indeed the civilized world, interested in this increase of production? If a crop of 3,000,000 of bales re- quires the employment of over 2,000 Northern built and Northern owned and manned ships, the production of 6,000,000 of bales of cotton would require the use of over 4,000 ships. Maseachusetts, instead of supplying $36,000,000 of cotton fabrics, might supply $72,000,000, and every other kind of trade and businees grow- ing out of and connected with the growth of cotton at the South, and carried on at the North, might also be doubled. Civilization would be extended by the increase of commerce and the increased supply of cheap clothing to hide the nakedness of savages. For ten to twenty years past there has been a gradual transfer of slaves from the grain districts of North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky and Delaware, to the rich cotton districts border- ing the Gulf of Mexico. In the decade from 1840 to 1850, the increase of slave population in the States of Nerth Caro- lina, Virginia and Maryland was only from two to six per cent ; while in the Gulf cotton States it increased from thirty-five to fifty-eight per cent, and in Arkansas the in- crease was one hundred and thirty-six per cent. Delaware decreased twelve per cent, Virginia declined 4 per cent from 1830 to 1840, but increased 5 per cent from 1840 to 1850. The District of Columbia decreased 21 per cent. The drainage of the slave population from the above States became so great as to give an enhanced value to the products of tobacco and hemp in the States of Missouri, Kentacky and Virginia. Hence we find the emigration from those States to the Gulf cotton States was checked in the last de- cade. Virginia, instead of losing 4 per cent, gained 5 per cent, while Kentucky gained 15 per cent and Missouri about 50 per cent. So that, viewing as we may the question of labor available for increasing the crop of cotton to meet the increase of consumption in ten years to 5,500,000 or to 6,000,000 of bales (near 100 per cent), yet in no point of view can we arrive at the conclusion that adequate labor for its pro- duction can be found. The question is an im- portant one both to this country, to Europe and to the civilized world. The yield of gold since its discovery in California and Anstralia has reached about $500,000,000, The yield last year was $100,000,000. This year the yield will be not less than $125,000,000, At this rate of anual supply there will be added to the pre- sent supply of gold in the world, in ten years, the enormous som of $1,250,000,000! Can any one suppose that with the dissemination of this immense amount of wealth among the people of the Old and New World, their power of consump- tion will not demand in ten years a supply of 6,000,000 bales of cottont and which this cowmtry would find no difficulty in supplying, or even augmenting to 7,000,000 of bales were Af- rican labor at all available for the purpose. It should be England's policy to encourage the growth of cotton in this country, instead of wast- ing her meane and energies in vain attempts to develope ite impracticable culture elsewhere in competition with the United States. We have vast tracts of umopened rich cotton lands which white labor will not enter upon and cultivate, and for the planting of which we have no adequate supply of African labor, and which in every year becoming more and more expensive. We see that all the slaves (some 200 in num- ber) of the late George MeDuftie’s estate in South” Carolina, great and small. old and young, were recently sold together, without separation, at an average of $700 each. This was an enormous price. We would simply suggest, if it ie right and feasible to introduce Coolie labor into the West Indies and otber places, at $8 per month, why not allow the same option to the Africans on the west coast of Africa, guarded and restricted by proper legal enactments? Such @ measure would remove the horrors of the slave trade, and greatly lessen the expense of watching for slavers on the unhealthy and unhospitable coast of Africa. Will Lord Palmerston and the Exeter Hal) visio naries think of thie? Tur New Lretstatere avo Our Menterpar. | Govenssmnt.——We have the best reason for be- | lieving that the Seward and Weed clique at Albany intend to force the Legislature, which meets next month, to pass laws of a novel and | atrocious character in relation to this city. It ie | intended to alter the present charter, making it worte than it now is, and to quarter upon the city a horde of officeseekers and spoilsmen from the country to feed upon the revenues of the city, which is already overburdened with taxation. We have had quite enough of such legislation. Tux Lossy Agents ar Wasninarox.—Will some friend of the country and of honesty be kind enough to send us a list of the lobby agents now at Washington? We are informed that the unfortunate capital is swarming with these harpies, coming from all parts of the country, for the purpose of plundering the Treasury and the public lands of from oue hundred to one hun- red and fifty millions before the 4th of March next. Their projects include claims and con- tracts of all sorts—railway echemes and all sorts of devices to get hold of the government money and the public domain. All manner of villany is concocted in their cliques in the back rooms of the hotels and other sly corners, Send us their names, Wattack’s THkaTRE —Miss Elsworthy, who, with Mr, Anderson, bas been playing ut this house during the last two weeke, has her first benefit in America this evening. ‘The bill includes twe capital pieces, and who can resist the double appeal of s lady’s benetit and a splendid per- formance to boot. AmvseMENTS.—See the directory at the head of the fourth pege for a list of the performances at the differeny establishments to night. The French Exiles now in New York. We have seen and conversed with some of these young men, and have obtained a complete list of their names and professions, together with an account of the causes of their banishmert upon the island from which they have just escaped. The number escaped is twenty-seven. Of these two perished iu the mud and mire of the coast of Guyana, being refused assistance and aid by the Dutch Comman- dant. One of these unfortunate men was Pianori, brother of the same Pisnori who was guillotined at Paris for an at- tempt upon the life of Louis Napoleon. The cause of his banishment to Cayenne was for his being the brother of that would-be regicide. The name of the other individual who perished sm muserably was Bokenski, a Pole. He was arrested imme- diately after the coup d’stat of November 2, 1861, with many thousand others, who were taken up because of their known republican sentiments, With many others Bokeneki was imprisoned in the mi itary dupgoons at Bi- cétre and @’lory. He is spoken oi by his surviving com- panious asa noble hearted man, of fine, generous senti- ments, much beloved by a'l who knew him, but—and hence’ his sufferings—an ardent republican. For this he was imprisoned at Paru, afterwards at Cayenne, where, eens © Meare, be lost his life a martyr to ‘The following are the names of the escaped individuals, with the cause a: nexed of their condemnation:— Carpeza Aerbo, worker tn zinc, condemned for having fabricated arms of war, Paris, 1856. Chabanne, cooper, condemned for writings agalnet the government of Louis Napoleva (il. Soren, farmer, eee boa gad returned to France, aiter proscribed, . ah Te er, by the Imperial Com- mission ai Havre, Dec. 2. ‘Babin, cooper, condemned for the affair of Angers. Pispori, ., Condemaed because he was brother of the guillotiaed Pianort. Bokeneky, ———, condemned by the Council of War of Paris, Dec. 2. Mopfalcon, silk weaver, condemned by administrative order, suspected of repub.icanisn, ge hop condemned by the Council of War of Cla- mery, Deo. Seroude, house painter. schema, sister, condemned for the affair of Angers, Guerin, workman in flax, condemned by Court Martiad at Clamery, Dec. 2. Dime, slater. Bordege, cordwainer, condemned for suspicion of re- publicaniem, by administrative order. Othbert, sister, condemned for tne aflair of Aagers. Caillet, carpenter, condemoed for having arms ia his Possession, Jiec. 2, pt Monten. Daveau. ship carpeuser, condemned for republicanism, by Court Marual. Doudin, cordwainer. Carnere, tanner, ccodemned by Court Martial, de I’He- rault, Deo. 2. Pn bairdreasger, condemned by Counci! of War ab mery. Pein, jailor, condemned for the June revolt, 1848, seat to Cayenne, 1853. Herey, machinist and locksmith, condemned by admi- Bistrative urder. ¥ = cordwainer, condemned for the emcule of June, Bion, toy manulacturer. Menpier, stone quarrier, condemned by the Council of War of Lag ee Dec. Desalb, dentist, sone for republicanism, by the | Mixed Commission of 1851 Salied, cooper, condemned by the Council of War of VHerault, Deo. 2, 1851. All of the above are not yet arrived in New York, tho: remainder are expected ine low cays. They were coo- demned for political offences, aud are strictly political re- fugees, and as such eminently entitled to a kind aod ge- nerous reception by the American government and peo- le. ‘Toeir character as men stands before the world ee of reproach or javicia: siain, and whatever different views men may take of their political opinions ard of je to the public by tha We mad psa nag ey their bebatt will be hte nn caged to, aed ‘Wo Lope that our government, em tbe conduct of the Turkish goverameat to Kossuth aud ober hope the appeal alread, refugees, w\il nct be outdone by her im gonerosiy to suflering refugees. Coroners’ Inquest. FATAL RESULT OF THE LATE STABBING AFFRAY IN WORTH STREET. Coroner Connery was called upon yesterday to hold am inquest at the No# York Hospital upon the body of Pa- wick Greely, who died from the effects of wounds rocelved on the night of the 18th of November last at No, 148 Worth strect, at the hands of James Hartly, The deceased ft will, be remembered, was injured in a fit of jealousy on the part of Hartly, who catching Greely in his wife’o apartments, for as be supposed unlawfal purposes, wae incited to kill him upon the spot, and with tbat objsct in. view be stabbed him twico in the region of the heart. The following testimony was taken in reiation to the matter — Robt Scott being duly sworn deposed, that be lived st No. 31 Worth stree’; ue knew Patrick Greely for abont ix months: I was tp the liquor store, corner of Mission 4 ani Worth street on the 18th November last, aod there | went to Feeney 's itquor store, on the opposite conver; while there Greely came in avd raid ho had boer stadber; | went out of the store to see who hed stabvod him when I saw Hartly \n the bands of an oflicer. Margaret betog duly sworn Ih at No. 31 orth the ‘and others at the bar drinking : deceased asked ner it Mre fe Aged up siairs vver Foeney’s liqaer storo. Witness “yes,” when deceased asked ii Mr. Hartly was there also’, witness seid 2 di that as he was about to leave he woule go up and see Mrs. asked witness to abow bim her room jiquor, ‘Ot eee the stabbing occurrenc. that accused had ben slabbed . | and arrested Mra. Hartly, gla ae cea 14s Worwn etree “ine prisoner on being taken lato cas ; : fen tody, eaid that ho stabved descased in self defence, an? that he had caught bim in bes wth Bis wile. Dr. H. D. Noyes gave hie testimony in relation to the Wounds reooived by deceased, and gave it as bis op.nion } TR wood by an abscess, the effect of the ries f 'Mifve aute-wortem examination of ibe decensol, in whieh, be declared the prisoner t be the person who tafmies the wounds upon his persuo, was then read to the jury, DB. ict, Coroner Con eXemication. Deatn or Vanmowt Bivck Hawk —The One Morgan tailion Black Hawk died at Bridport, Vermont, on Moo day last, aged 28 years, Biack Hawk was foaled in 1898. in Greentand, N. Hi, and was then the property of Win. gate Twomb!y. His sire was « horse known as the ''fher man Morgen’ horse. His dat is said to have boon a baif bred Foglieh mar When about four years old he wae purchased by agentioman named Thurston, roviding at Lowell, Mass, and used as av ordinary famliy bores for veveral years, until, in 1844 Mr. Hill, of Vermont. par- chased him, Bisck Hawk was somewhat onder fifteen. hands high. well proportiones, and altogether a (ino look wg borae, with # consideraolc share of . He died ot rhevmatiem of the beart which had proviocely attack. ed him in the fore te; fe stallion, for a balf bred horse, * for & singie horse. Vermont chen pues wren famons lawk. coleprated Jackson, Ho was, nowever, of »