The New York Herald Newspaper, November 5, 1856, Page 2

Ss if 5. 8. A ee ae ee ee Our Richmond Correspondence. Ricumonp, Va., Oct. 31, 1856. The Agricultural Fair—The Dust, the Ladies, the Beaus— Governor Wise's Address at the Fuir of the Mechanics’ Institute— Political Railies—Rush af the Visiters to Prepare for the Election, Sc. The attendance at the fair ground for the past two days exceeded anything heretofore witnessed in this State. Each armval of the cars up to Thursday evening, brought new accessions to the immense multitude already present. The weather was as fa- verable for such an exhibition as could be desired; the only drawback in this respect being the circula- ‘tion of an undue quantity of dust on yesterday, very much to the inconvenience of the ladies and the in- jury of handsome bonnets and rich dresses, which were displayed in gay profusion. A light fall of sain last night, however, effectually checked this ammoyance,and to-day they were out, basking in the genial sun, evidently elated at the agreeable prospect of a brilliant display ummarred by these little inconveniences. The besus, too, were no less pleased with this fayorable change, as was visible from the number . present, and the taste and eare evinced in all their appointments, particularly in the way of dress. All seemed happy and gay, ander the inspiration of the many agree- able influences which the day and the surrounding scene were so well calculated to produce. The great rendezvous point for both sexes was a large tent, situated about the centre of the fair ground, and lined all round with several tiers of seats for the accommodation of such as sought rest aiter the fatigue of a long walk through the grounds. Here, on an elevated platform, the Armory Band of this city was located, pl at quick intervals the eboicest selection of livel? airs, All that was in- eresting in the shape of pretty forms, rich dresses, enchanting tooks, moustached wags and chivalrous, @ignified bearing, was concentrated here. It was, iw fact, the great centre for display, presenting a eeene of rare brilliancy, much taste and more vanit The horse lot, on yesterday as well as to day, was ‘he scene of much activity and life. Pacing matches were gotten up at intervals of half or three-quarters ef an hour, and in each instance the competitors seemed very fairly matched. Horses with jockeys and some with light buggies took the track in tarn, thus keeping up an almost uninterrapted scene of pacing from morning till the close 4) each day's exhibition. The le was ha poms » and proved a very genera! sourc There were sou of fat cattle on exhi- bition which mig o opare favorably with any of that The number of this grade ex ourteen, their average weight nty-tive bnondred seach. Tix uised in the counties of fasbington and Pu oth remarkable as far- misbing the best beet s at car markets, or in fact, in the Baltimore mar Mos’, if not ull of them, were bought up by our butchers. They were exhi- Dbited by William and James Cloyd, of Pulaski county, Mr. Jawes Walker, of Augusta county, and Mesere. William and James Byars, of Washfagton ., 1 was informed that two of them sold at fe It is probable that all will be sold, and at some sacrifice, the owne! ing unwilling to iacur the expense or trouble of briaging them back. To-day the sale of sheep was somewhat brisk, though the specimens offered, except in af ces, were by no means fit for market. T! good «| nothing in her was of rather di There were some g¢ ere was an immense variety in the poultry de- partment. An almost inflaite number of Chinese geese, Muscovy and common ducks, chickens of eve- ry variety and size, with fancy turkeys of every hue and color, on exhibition. All or nearly being offer- ed forsale. Our folks here will grow fat upon Sow] for some time to come. Ten o'clock to-day was fixed for the announce- ment of the premiums, but the lists not being fully complete that ceremony was dispensed with. They will, however, be published im the morn- ig, papers The Secretary of the Agricultaral Society informed me that the aggregate amount awarded for premioms was about $4,000— the number on the list uot exceediug four hundred and a. The number proposed to be given was six hundred and twenty-eight, leaving one hundred and ninety-eight for which there was no competi- tion. Ex President Tyler was expected to deliver the valedictory, bat failed to come on accoun: of india pasition, “This part of the ceremony was dispensed with in consequence. In accordance with the arrangements laid dowa in the programme, the fair closed at 3 o'clock P. M., to day, and then foliowed a general rash, and active preparations on the part of exhibitors to remove whatever belonged to them from the ground, It was a basy week with all classes of our citize especially business men, who have reaped arich har: vests during the prog of tair. [am informed that the receipts at th ge Hotel, of which Mr. Jobo . ballard is the proprietor. amoanted to $3,000 a day for the past five Jays. The busines nauses of every Claes bave done weil in proportion. Indeed, there are ‘ew classes of our citizeas wi! ibitic t they will > the agrica!turai proves aad eonSideravie. amen e this enter 4 fund eft ts are vil og introdaced unger 1¢ operationg of se itated and enlarged by al new inv wo ths society, and previo is anasl extioitions, were en. jon of their practi~ to ali Sick a foot elivered an address last night at the nantes’ Institute. Ale less than three thou vunced ty have sookea ¥ night last, bat failed to do so on no. The aunoine nent astitate, the-eby receipts at the door. eda still be:ter effect, adoing ver His presence | pro iu tor the announce #iMteatioa to . being made Laquirer of yester- day morn aay apprehension of disappointment, and « towds assed bled to bear him. His progress and — one of pree The dem The Know N things are also to assemble in ths City Hall, to hear fhe rush of pe ing @ trains was close than they departure, being « for the evection. were oantioas in a their being at ther they evidently took ¢ was trom the closing for the severu! trat the namber of visiters | and prop | Th. | aeuvered by him during the late outbreak, he NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1856. Cur San Francisco Corresponacnce. Saw Francitco, Oct. 6, 1866. Te Vigiiance Coramittee in Abdeyance, Not Disband- ed—Jts intention to be About on Election Day— The Governor and the Commitiee—The State Proclamation Stil! in Furce— Outrage on @ Pres- the Committee—Unpopularity of General Woo! —Necessity of Defining the Position of the Ma- jor General Commanding the Federal Forces in Califorma—Commerecial Affairs, &¢., §¢. Some time since it was annonnced that the Vigi- lance Committee had disbanded. One familiar with tae word, as interpreted by Walker or Webster, would say that they had dissolved, broken up their organization, had been released from pledges and oaths which men had taken when they became members of the Committee, and that all vestige and trace of the whole concern, as an organized body, had been obliterated and forgotten. But such is far from the case. What is meant by “disbanded” in the vocabulary of the Committee, is simply thie: That for want of material to work upon—from the burden of expense entailed upon them daily during its continuance—from some fear of consequences (which they affect so much to despise,) by its prolong- ed existence, and from the apprehension of possible difficulty with the chief and governing physical ele- ment in the constitution of the Committee (the Germans and French,) and also from the absslute ruin, pecuniary and otherwise, which threatened every interest in the country if every department of the govern- ment were to be longer managed by a mob, no mat- ter how systematic its proceedings might be, it was deemed best to suspend active operations, and to dis- pense with regular daily guards and wih night pa- trois, Butas to any real disbandment, no such thing has taken place; no such thing is contemplat- ed; and so their presses here openly avow and de clare. They announce daily and hourly that their organization is as efficient to-day as when they hung Casey and Cora, and as when they arrested Terry; and that a single tap of their bell will bring together in the streets their armed legions, as powerful for good orevil as ever. They go still further, and de- clare that they intend, if any occasion in their opi- nion requires it, to again assume the rule of the city, and sit in judgment upon life , liberty and reputation, as heretofore. They do notevenstop at this. They assert their determination to superintend the coming State and Presidential elections, and to see that jus tice is done. They do not, to be sure, intend to in- terfere with the elective franchise, or to curtail the independence of freemen. They abhor too much any such restriction on the immunities of voters, and will therefore abstain from infringing on their rights. It is their desire to have it understood, however—to use an expressive phrase—they will be about on the day of election, and people must take heed as to their acts on that occasion—the most sacred, and which ought to be the freest of all excra- neous influences in the eyes of every inteMigent, ps- triotic and right-thinking American. This is the Vigilance Committee of San Francisco, and, as they claim, of the State, as disbanded. It may be said, however, that the more reflecting portions of the Committee, staal] though such may be, (aud it pro- bably amounts to one in a hundred of the whole body.) are satistied that their doings have inflicted lasting injury on California; and whatever may have been the Perr necessity for its existence, it has thrown a blight upon the character, reputation and prosperity of the State, both ia the Atlantic States and in Europe, which long years will not efface, and therefore, if they have the least regard for the vital interests ot the country, they will be slow to give r tap to their ominous bell. and their presses are very indig- nant that the Governor shouid not withdraw his the country in a s and threaten all manner nd ali sorts of destruction, if by rea- istence of that proclamation, on the the Supreme Court of the State, it made for their adjudication, were to pt od that no valid election could take place in a country declared by the execative—which right is given in ex; terms to that officer by the con- stitution of California —to be in a state of insurrec- tion. It is rea!ly a strange idea, in the face of the fact that the Commit‘ee, by its own — and re- which decia: proclamatien, urTect: peated declarations made here every day, although tor the moment inactive, is stil! an Deple body, and can, at an hour's notice, be marshalled in full force, that the Governor is in error in continuing in foree his proclamation, and that unless he with- draw it, blood and revolation are toeasue. These are habitna) threats, y afver day, aud week after week. What the Governor’ on the subject are is not known; may reasonably be he regulated in bis course which avows that it has end is pablishing at the present moment, Secretary, in the jor 3 of this city, a notice to all members to come forward and receive their ag titicates of membership. No liter than er fresh manifesto made its appearance. rame individaa) and of the same offic: giving in full the names of the banished and those who refused to leave at their orders, and who stil are in the State; thus showing to the people of the East that there has been no dissolution or dishand- ment of their organization. The arms of the State onthe waters of the bay are still retained by and toademand by the proper officers for restoration, a Peremptory negative has been ed. And yet the Gor .~ Committze iteclt, does it deed beyond re Your corexpo you im detail th decline of the Vigilan to exp ain to the pe contivent what it » factorliy comprehended by n existence, exerci-ing absolute power o liberty, s+ society by ite vices and had become resolved into its original e that each man had @ persona! cons y were absolu® wit ie a prevalent idea o Ca 'ifornia, and it is the only rational explanati that can ve given for the and pro nged exist mee of the ee Coe ~ pre ing there ia the sane iuvelligr discernment, personal and A pie and solemn appreciation of wh right bere as a city uf the same popt expected troy byterian Clergyman for Condemning the Acts of peattl disgraced with a resoluti Philadelph Pi deno- belongs, derstood he lutionary proceedin; lace. The com! iblishe: hot ing mob th meet, 1d. Rebeliion declares condemnation his Evils remedied unfaithful officers the lant in and ould be conducted oy like these, Doctor Scott is now injure ice desecrated, ceding re- pest, d lants put beyond questi Laperypry beg aging aa fi ‘ks free: the weak a in a ht grea! rae 1 To Gas wes eine Caasanen, | | ied to crue Seles hals GAA) ~«CARMATRS IN EUROS. 0) | Moltouinnes Mieaameees to Rost, endoasates, | MakenelGheh, eboisnow relilog unde carer to urge the importance of stabi laws and veneration of the ne of aovtemy, is jess could be tine m one omagh* ag he bas hese. a Gen. Jeckeon™ be tit sbed ant baie : lomo 5 Preserving _orcer. 4 clusively sustained by wealthy merchants, it was suppoeed, from his peculiar anarchy ition, he would not have ventured to dot oth otherwise than add his endorse- ment to the Promoters of the wild seenea of po ular commotion t! have California and the nation Ce the régime of vigilantism. So placed, pS caged = ion commendable, wrote r in, the mination to which he Sete i the position occupied by him here. From what precedes, it.will at once be un disapproves of the Com- mittee, iS can see no Fay ed os vad for the revo- 1g8 we en be munication was drawn from him b; Fetavements din 8 enwione pape of this city, that dis- t ee eet ry id without its are point » evasion, the issue has no apologist in him, and he c in terms of opposition to its lifting its hideous head in Califc ils, taney i seer in a constitutional penile any member of an act so eine ‘that it demon towards those jon. Tue has peculiar fitness fy its condition at the presenttime. “I have always considered the press the protector of oar dom, as a watchful guardian, capable of uniting wainst the encroachments of power. But of late the press has turned from defending public interests to mekes inroads upon private life; from cones De e strong to overwhelining the feeble.” General Wool's letter has attracted very little no- tice, If it was intended to controvert Gov. Joha- son's statements in the official correspondence pub- lished by request of Congress, it did not alter the m. It virtually admitved romise was made by him, but terms a Pi lelphia lawyer ‘might, with ingenuity, have backed cat of. It might have been well for the General to bear in mind recrimination is not argu- ment. Allowance may be made for the continual expressions of disatisfaction his official condact since he has been on this coast has elicited. The latest of these we have from Oregon, It was ramor- edabouta month since that Gen Harney was com- ing out to take command of this division, and when the news reached north the entire country was in a blaze of rejoicement. Bunfires, meetings and cel bratious became she order of the day, and from the —s that reach here it would appese the Gene- s removal was considered that quarter in the same light a national peneéit ought to pe 16 ceived. There is, however, @ serious juestion ~ volved in the astion of the President, disp oi the appheation for aid, and to California one of the test importance. It required no great discern- ment to see in the future @ state of things that may arise in this State, which would require decided and instant actim to ay es attempts at revolution. Active co-operation between the general and State authorities might be im from separating from the opinion of a single rative to save the State Union. Respect for the Jaw is at a very low ~4 and the value of our con- nection with the Atlantic States esteemed lightly. Itis, as usual, a favorite topic to enlarge on the napet we are treated with, and how much better we would be to go it alone 1m the family of na- tionalities. There is no use in concealing the exist- ence of this sentiment. It is widespread, and re- cent events have tanght the holders Of these opin- ions how easy it is to set at naught all authority. Removed a vast distance from the seat of the cen- tral government, an insurrection woald ripen into a complete revolution before we could communicate ve assistance from the United States. igen’ not be of invasion it would be the duty of officers in cuw- mand to await instractions from Washington before attem, to drive the enemies from our shores. same section ef the constitation that rautees the suppression of domestic ought to be knoe that California is settled by Reo. le from every clime, with different feelings and bits, and is far from being either American in sentiment or character. Foreign capital works oa: inines, erects our buildings and con! our tra te. Foreigners who have never set foot in our Easvern States form the main portion of our residents, an? with them, it cannot be too well understood, very little veneration is entertained for the Union. Some measures are called for to extinguish this disloyal feeling, and preparations to meet | promptly when it presumes to show itself iv arms at any future time. It is a subject worthy the profound consideration of tie raiers of Union. ‘The is now no iarger than a man’s hand, but it will certainly Graces itself into the maguitade of a thander cloud. For this reason it would be well the astnie ond ‘earned Attorney General should again look over his law books im search of some precedent for the commander of the federal forves to be ready to act in case of emergen-y. There is very ! Little activity in our markets. Trade has not revived from the severe shock received dur: ing the existence of the Vigilance Committee. Fie- quent failnres, principally small retailers ‘and jouw vers, tend to impair credit. Our insolvent law o/- fers wonderful facilities to get rid of liabilities, and, under it, we bave three or four weekly seeking to have ite benefit. The state of the financial merket is, ——. the most anomalous of any portion of our social mechinery. We export an amount of gold exceeding one balf the producta of the other States of ihe Union, sent to foreign markets, With such an immense yield of specie it would reasonably be expected the article was plenty, and, in case of necessity, to be procured at reasonable rates of interest. The reverse is true. To the brokers in one of the States. Here is precisely the | aq bankers of this city the ase of the com- error with people remote from our cit, modity borings 18 Ww 72 per cent per annum, the truth is known, a+ it will be ‘nfo according to the security offered. Even at these hereafter, it will ve seen the whole os Yon upon | rates it is not always easy to procure loans. Th which the Vigilance Committee and i cause is apparent. The great moving power of a!t rely for ite justificntion f% Uhat the constant assersions th the people m San Francisco and the Sate are with the Commitee, fore they are tight, is, when analy businesse— on tideoce—is winting in Califoraia. No man, be he merchant or wember of the professions, could raise « dollar on his word or standing. The security must \€ on real estate or goods s'oted in warehouses. And when this happens { : ry nvariab'y y able a test of tne entive correc the ane form by an equal pumbe of pay in one of the nd orDia cred it at home, and the prinery al cause cantious and time honored commonwealths or the nce in tbe tuoagrisg or Atlantic The foregoing will, pe give au : y inkting of what 18 meant, a ture time last steamer, and has another leter on this b: make it entirely transpareat, sv that may reac. Ynt another thing. question w be who raus Have the 7 day is as pre- a8 at any ay there, as ines ma ie society, are commited aow as men of candor, 4 admit. Then tne in , what have the Cou veya mad making In the indie mienene proseription fr of opinion that formed and still na ¢ means by which the Committee attempts t itsef, we have a striking instauce in the received by the Rev. De. Se itt man well known asa preacher o and lewrning. He was induced to New Orleans, where he was engag: in the ministry, and earned, tation ae @ pulpit orator se ond to none in the ted States. "as eo ge at and go are un o:sed in power and logic, and & abbath are i istened to toh one of the largest anv - onere gation: San Francisco. in tw aren gers and residents bia church forms a f & prin’ a av traction where al) frequent to be instr ed and edified. His opinions on any wabject are nan with great respect, and in the any rate cor sE=v50 iy FFEUAGEHy9 a4 0007490 47 ORGTTTODI TENT UTERTTEEN - i eg PLETE been confined to his room or three days before reachi yred by a large number of as well a8 the great balk torial career highly verned by the one idea and we tilness contr here. He ends, wh peop 0 him i and x) We have in our barbor two English men-of-war— the Monarch, eighty guns,and the Brick, corvette, The French brig-of-war Aj ades is ‘ale o y og he «. Ratinoan Cask Decten—A Board of Referees, wf the United § vates dsting of Jadge Gilchris\, tof Claims, Hon, A. 5. Woods, late Chief Jas ages 1 the Sapreme Court of New Hamp cases at Concord on Thursday, where! and Meine Railroad sonebt to recover of the Con- ‘ord road, and Soston, Concord and Montreal Rati- road, either or both, about $7,000 damages, costs wrest ca used hy an injary to one Erni ¢ Jr92 ke five yeare age, who « passed on & ford, Mase.,on which route be y The defence of the Concord road was that Chat of the Boston, Co , that at the time there ex between sed the corporattone; ‘here been & contract, the adait in the party had tickets to Lawrence only, and on passing that point heeame plaintiffs passenger; 34, that the boy injnred paseed over the road without payment of ae a dead head—and each road was therefore ft The referces decided svor of the defendants in both cases, The Quarrel of England with Persia. Gomera the London Oct. 16) ‘The last mail whieh left for India carried with it 2 expression of surprise that the announcement of impenting pee oe Persia should have excited so Hittle x terest te ty m Sesiente iol pares fallen Ce born,” to quote the exact words employed, “‘npon the English public.” Sut this is hardly a fair statement of the case. The British rod ap remembering the calamities of the Af phan i emnenevering the enormous sacridce of blood and tr easure— and, what is of more importance, of national honor—~on that occasion, cannot view with indifference the prepa- rations for an expedition of an almost ki char- acter, The reasons why the English press has not been stirred up, like the Indian press, to a mates burst of indi ion at the prospect ‘of sacha aap of our resources, are—that it is pro! r acquainted with the merits of Ae dee rf issue, wih the dangers that threaten us on the one side, and our means of ay them on the other; above all, that the intelligence trom Bombay has not taken the public in this country by surprise, mn has been practically expected ever since Mr. Vernoa Smith towards the close ot the session, declared in his place in Parliament that the Persians could not be allowed to occupy Herat in direct violation of their engagement to the British government. So 3 , Moreover, as there was a reasonable hope of a ic solution, it ng the duty of the press to main- as silence, lest by prematurely touching upoo tender points, it might crease the difficulties of the situation. But matters would seem recently to have become really critical; we may be plunged in actual war at apy mument by the slightest in: jon on the part of our commanders, or even by the natural and necessary course of events; and it i3 now, there- fore, equally the duty of the press to fornish the public, as far as it is able, with a statement of the grounds of quarrel, and of the important interests at stake. ort ia then, at the ontset, a matter of sincere con- poco ‘that for the ‘present we are quit of the miserable Mrs. Hashem affair. Mr. Murray may have had a Tat according to usage, to depute Mr. Hashem as Minister's agent to Siren. though the eh es * ee rg for b; eras he ne have also bad the right, accord- ing to ‘to insist on the eh) of Mrs, Hashem from im) a8 the wile of» prote é of the pen th the lady was of the Sod royal ot bo 4 a wife of the Shah; but few enol nes maintain that the negation be jain ts by the Persian government required to be aven; by @ declaration of war If it had been jad, to resent the discorteous con- fade Shah in Bsc poanile dh oe putation of improper Dy Bin toour foe his int his pong he the Princess's behalf, the with. drawal of our mission from the court, and the sus peat all diplomati: relations, would have amply to our offended dignity. ’No British Minis- ter could have come down to the house and announced that, on such a pretext, he had sent an army to in- vade Persia, , Tegardless of the financial to which such a step must lead in India, and of the ng complications which it might entail in Our present quarrel rests on mo such flimsy frome. ‘We are preparing for war because Persia violated an express ¢! it, into which she entered with us in the (853, and because that violation is held to inflict on us a very serious po- litical injury. The value of Herat, considered as the key of India, which, in the event of a war, will be the turning point of all argument on the ‘subject, is a separate question, that may be conveniently re- served for d: fon on afuture occasion. Suffice it, for the moment, to say that the paramount im- portance of Herat {s a standard article of faith with all Eastern diplematists. From its geographical ition, as the half-way house between Russia and dia—from the extracrdinary productiveness of the valley in which the town is situated—from the faci- lites which the local features afford for converting tbe place into a stronghold as furmidable to our northwest frontier as Sebastopol was to Constan- tinople—it has been judged of the first mece« ssity t to preserve the independence of the Principality—t prevent it, at any rate, from falling under the rule of Persia, and being thus liable, in due course, ty be transferred to Russian occupan It was to carry out this preventive policy—Herat Lom at that time besiezed by the Shah—that the of the Indus was assembled ip 1838, and tha, att the same time, we occupied the Island of Karak, in the Persian {; and after a three years’ sus pension of relations, it was only when Persia had evacuated Ghorian, and had withdrawn ber lae man from the Hera: territory, that, in 1841, we at y consented to replace our mission at the Court ¢ Shab. So long as Yar Mahomed raled in He- poy though be coquetted vigorously with Persia, there was n0 occasion on our part for giving further interference; but it was different when the old Vizier died, in 1852, and left the governmeat iu the hands of his dissointe and gi ‘e son. This unworthy prince, Said Mahomed Khan by name, assailed by treason within the walls and repeatedly threatened tre by the Capdabar forees from without, voluntarily w himzelf into the arms of Persia, and offered lace the Shah in possession of the town. , Under p). circnmstances, to save Herat, in spite of itself, seemed all but hopeless; still, however, the attempt Foe made, and although Said Mahomed’s offer had bene sucepend under the pressure of the threatened the British alliance, the Shab, at the Jast pal consented to sign a convention with Colo- nel Shiel, binding Persia not to send an militar, forces to Herat unless the place were 2 directly at bowed foreign enemies and assistance were de- manded ‘eheran. It is this convention which is so often spoken of as the treaty oi 1853. The terms were not altogether satisfactory to us, bui re we were able to obtain at the &@ sufficient justification for a ae en Said gyn Khan nen doe it nobles as hostages ‘eheran, arranging with the Shah's officers—who formed their escort— that they should be poisoned on the road, which was sired done. In return, the Herat govern- ment ad 1 the ootward formula of dependence upon Peria and Kobendil Khan, of Candahar, un- willing to come into collision with Persta, to which Power he always professed the utmost deference, desisted from any further attacks on a chief who called himeelf the Shah's vassal. Persia, in the meantime, was vacillating between the British and Rovian alliance, doubtful whether by joining poy and England in an invasion of Georgia, mld aim at the recovery of her alienated Seovheres beyond the Arras; or whether, by throw- ing her weight into the Russian scale, "ehe sb rather, seck to indulge ber natural instinct of ae- grandisement to the eastward. Accident appears to have decided her. Three events occurred, almost simultaneously, which inclined the baane fgainst nus, 1. A revolution broke out at He- tat; Said Mahomed Khan was murdered, ani ahzada Yassouf,of ue old Suddezye royal family, “one of Hajee Firoz, who had long veer gee in Persia, was invited to assume the 2. Kohendil Khan. the old chief of sand. har, also died, and Dost Mahomed Khan, who had lately entered into alliance with tne British govern- ment, came down and occapied the country, to the prejudice ¢ the deceased Sirdar's immediate rela- tives. Mr. Murray, in consequence of the Mirza Hashem ailair, hauled down his flag, and placed the Persian and British governments ina state of quas hostility with each other. Under the infuens: gauntlet to England by despatching » military force to Herat. So fur, all that has been steted is matter </ notoriety; but there isa secret history attac ito all political transactions of any moment, and the secret history of this Herat expedition, the resui'« of which we cannot yet foresee, is variously relate. According to one party, Persia, under the o neutrality, was a a one Ae ie througuons the war alli hile, in reality, she sic nider- standing, it is farther t-F A — «0 complete tween the two governments, tuat, a! ‘he commen ment of the present year, @ combined plan had been agreed on for operations to the eastward, the arrangement being that an army 50,000 Ru« stans shou'd be carried acroas the © traean to Astreabad, to be joined in Khoraekhan by ® Persian force of equal strength, ahd the united armies to be subsequently employed a Herat and Candahar, or, if fortune favored th against India itseli. Those who beileve in re 4 gi antic scheme regard, of course, the series o onta of which Mr. Murray had to complain s« intentia!ly olfered, with a view of compelling h to break off relations; and tuey further movement against Herat a8 a part of tue project, the tain features of which owing to the unexpected conclasion There are others who would ascribe ail our “at rasements in Persia—those affecting the position of our Minister, as weil as the more ser! ous « ” Herat—to the advice of a friendly Power— li Power having, as it were, a preseri; %, contest our influence at Teheran, since dates from the days of Malcolm and ‘ There is, perhaps, some b in the prope between Russia and Per here may be « truth in the statements regarding the jeal Freneb; but th source of Persia s,in the present instance, j bes promptings of the Shah 8 own heart, and in + ditional feelings ot government. Per ” coveted Herat intense!’ ever since she Was ba‘tled of her prey in 1898. With Shatvada Yasaout, a Per a reingee and pensioner, in ponsession of the place, she imagined jt would fai) into ber hands without a straggie. She was. besides, both alarmed ond offended at Dont Mahomed's advance upon Can éahor—alarmed, because he was apparentiy arged j on by England, and might Le expected, if success fal, to extend his conquesta to Herat; and ofiended, because Kohendil ‘Khan’ ‘8 family were supposed to be under the special protection of the Shah, vho had granted J pode ap asylum the British occu; ton of Affghanistan: and their summary ejection from their country thus nearly touched the honor of the ‘King of Kings.” But the Shaa, even at the last moment, made au effort to keep on the shady side of the law. Desi- rous if possible to obtain mn of Herat, drive back the tide of Cabool invasion, and recover Can- dahar for Kohendil’s family, without provoking the armed interference of England, he publi-hed, before despatching the troops, a manifesto in the Teheran Gazette, in which he repudiated ali feeling of hos- tility to England, represented Mr. Murray's retire- pi a8 a mere personal ding, and ex- yaa the Herat movement as by Le agro un- jertaken at the urgent coments of 2 Yus- sonf, in order to save the rom the threatened attack of Dost Mahomed's forces from the eastward. The object of this manifesto, which bears strong marks of European mani % iia of course, to bring the immediate operation in which the Forse troops were engaged the rr of Colonel Sheils’ reserved condition; and it is a Jmyechabie, a6, prep ne een a ously announced of 20,000 men to Candahar, to reinstate Kohendil Khan’s gon in the government, that the Persians, with their fatal fondness for verbal quibbles, may have also supposed the omission of the name of Can- dahar in the convention of 1853 to preclude the ey t from interfering on behalf of ed. As to the subsequent march of events we have no vars certain intelligence. Shahzada Yussouf, Ee the Kujurs to his blood enemies, the Baru: to have rather favored ea the ersian cause. Sano Khan, at any cig who com: mene an advanced detachment, was, by consent of the Governor, admitted into the town; but when Sultan Murad Mirza, at the head of the reserved army of the Persians, approached, the Heratees de- termined on resistan Sano Khan was ejected; Shahzada Yussouf was deposed and murdered (’), and Esau Khan, an Alekozye chief of some note, though not immediately connected with Yar Maho- med’s family, was elected in his place. The sie; has been continued for the last four or five mont with Serre BC, The Aiatane who went out to meet ersians were cu a tt Ghorian, but they subsequently repulsed the gers in several steeriaat one abana even made successful sorties, uy 1d destro: ther wii then According ‘yr ; ying the last accounts, the Heratees were in great distress for want of ammu- wie and provisions. They have made unsuccess- ful appeals for relief both to Dost Mahomed Khan, at Candahar, and to the British Chief Commissioner in Seinde; and it is a pentenle that, ere this, they have capitulated. Nothing, indeed, but the dissen- sions between Sultan Murad Mirza and Sano Khan, which have paralysed the Persian po sear elpempe could have ked to the siege bei already so protracted; and if the place be eg apa ave saved” it Mall be the most miraculous escape in history. The British government cannot be azcused of reaana a with the Persian aol e manife above alluded to was Although lished in Teheran in February, it was not until a ly, after negoti had-been carried on for seve~ ral mcmine tare ste Constantinople, that Ministers took up the question in earnest. An ultimatum, it is unde: , was then sent to the Shah, req him, whatever pine have happened in the interim, to withdraw his forces from Herat and retire within the Persian frontier, or to prepare for war with England; and instructions, it is shown by Sarees overland advices, must have been at the same time forwarded to India to a oe a powerful expedi- tion and hold it ready for service in the Persian Gulf as soon as the monsoon was over and the great heate of the Gulf had moderated. The Shah’s an- swer to the ultimatum, which has lately arrived, is said to be conceived in the same spirit 4 the mini- festo. He will withdraw his forces from Herat if we will undertake to compel Dost eae ap ng Khan to retire to Cabool, leaving Candahar in the posses- sion of Kohendi!’s family; and as an answer of this evasive natare is equivalent to a refusal, we should be authorized to declare war at once; but there is still a channel open for ne; tion. Terrackh Khan, who was deputed from Teheran to Constantinople to arrange the mission affair, before our ultimatum reached the Persian court, has since, it is said received plenar, ny powers to discuss, and, if possible, to adjust the Herat question also; and although no great hopes are entertained of a pacific settlement through this officer's means, (since there is in fact no cround for negotiation, the question of peace or of war depending on a siraple “ or y,"?) still it would be inconsistent with dj vl matic usage to commence hostilities before recei the proffered explanations. There is only one point against which we ought most especially to guard d that is, the indefinite prolongation of a state of suspense. There is, in reality, very little room for diplomatie argument; and the aaseriion by Persia of counter rights is altogether fictitious. sia is bound by a special convention with us not to send troops to Herat, unless the place be attacked and her assistance be demanded. The place has not been attacked—has not even been threatened with attack; and, so far from Persian assistance being demanded, the Heratees have been fighting sword _ at Fett oF aris et focis, against the invader for Persia is therefore actin; th Lote Violation of her engagement tos. us; but there similar —— of are no pecans to rein ¢ Ft maak Kohbendil Khan's = sere, or to prevent Dost Mahomed Khan occupying Candahar. We might even ourselves march an to oy from Scinde, without ht to complain ye femcnate ted, Terrackh K¥ continue fo ver ventilate the tPdeteated at C the pdr linn at Bomiy, and that, if even we enter the Gulf, dis- embark our troops, and occupy Karak and Bushire, Persia im the meantime retaining occupation of a the advantage is all upon the mde of the It would be well, accordingly at this early stage of the affair, not only to prepare our troops, but to make up our minds as to future operations. We must remember, in the first place, as a fixed prin- ciple, rising far above the passing considerations of the moment, that it cannot be to our advantage to weaken or — _ a percent aden Ed the disposition to ws reigning monarch Mini —— = gt of the os is aaentiak . our political system. 18 ¢ a ples data’ rbullee b tween the Wert ana East, and upon ite rey) to occupy its nt place in the map of Asia beg our pros, of pre- venting collision hesween Russia and our Indian em With this paramount consideration before us, it will be seen that a war with Persia re- quires the most delicate bandling. It should be our care to exert just a sufficient amount of pressure to effect our object, and not one iota more. Ona pre- Seracet ay pontaes, Saw eepnned mort ex ced vupenat adviors ob Bi at his éibow, the Shab is not tere ety again to sive wa tng hn _ intimidiation. We must be ae Gale t this rod More se! rt my power is contempti handed. ye would with three er four nt state of she woul most assured! means pg besides is gist by: be— but the armies. yay) camels, ie ay males from Turkish Arabia and Kur. istan; tbe time and ex, required to complete the cormissariat being thus beyond all computation and indefinite! iperoing the difficalties of the enterprise. Such difficulties are noticed, not in order to deter the authorities from the further proseeution of the expedition, or in any doubt of ite —for British enterprise and the unlit ot cur command po hy relied on to overcome all impediments—but rat to show that we are pre- pared for all exigencies, and that, if there are an diffculties that cannot be directly sarmoun means, at avy rate, may be found for eluding them: stonid it instance, be found in the sequei abso- tutely ary to advance into the interior and tbrevten ¢ one of the apitals, Ispahan, or Te beran iteelf, it may be pm ered whether, in order too tain the command of an easier entrance into the country, as well as for the convenience of obtaining curtiage and nee it may not be advisable, hy ascending the igri na steam flotilla, to transfer the base of operations from Bushire to Bagdad, although we may thereby compromise the neu- trality of Turkey, and thas enlarge the sphere of contest. Or there are other means of pressure, of an en- different vatre,to which we may resort in need, les difficult and, perhaps, even more the bry ub of the nmbay expe- s the present quarre! is in a creat the personal feelings of the Shah nister, and is not approved of by nd bh ri ther nation at large, which stil! looks eth yon to Puglend's, ondeviating support for the last fifty years, it may, perhaps, considered aliowable to bring forward a@ rival competitor for the throne; and choad this extreme course be unwillingly foreed on ue, it 80 hay 8 that there is the most. favorable instrument we could possibly desire ready prepared to hand, If, indeed, Abbas aa Fext ircther to the King, and the favorite son of Mahomed Shah, who is now residing under our pro- tection at Bagdad, were proposed to the nation, backed by the presence of our troops as Bushiro, and by our public declaration in his favor, there is every probability that he would be placed on the throne by a bloodless revolution, and would remain forever our firm and faithful friend; or if, having obtained full justice from the present Shab, we de- sired at any stage of the proceedings to stop Short of the extreme step of replacing him by his brother, then a pension for life to the latter prince woald compensate him for the throne that was within his grasp, without entailing on us any farther incoaye- nience. The other mode of Prgemare, one $0 whichis Be ina greater or leas degree, we Must necessa: course when we are once committed to hostilities with Persia for the rvation of the Aina, of Herat. It refers to arrangements in Affg’ Whether the Shah was justified in jah’ by the ‘tah of Kohendil Khan, to occupy Candahar, on the deat cannot Py, present, be determined. It is on the one side certain that Lord Dalhousie, in his Bi for minute of February 28, 1856, par. 9, cong! ey Indian government on Dost Mahcmed's oom pawest of Candahar, speaking of it as a consequence of the recent alliance between Cabool and British India; whilst, on the other hand, it is stated that when the old chief found himself in difficulties at Candabar,. owing to the threatened advance of the Persians, and applied to the Governor General for assistance, he was informed that, although he had bound him: | self to be “a friend of the friends, and anenemy of | the enemies of the British” the obligation was not | veciprocal, and he must not count, therefore, on armed British ih support in any sunngie he bemign ¢ Ca ie cling: Poth Geo ee for e first mp: our po ions, this desertion.of his canse was recht ble when difficulties ickened round him. Un- der any ci ces, the policy which dictated such an Soave, 3 was short sighted, and will as- suredly have to be reversed as the drama Ss eyed It_ is now quite clear that, if th Stas were to take Herat, and, arcording to his original programme, were to prosecute his march on Candahar, we must of neoemity ‘miore our army from Scinde to uphold Dost Mahomed’s authorit; and en, the Persians on the old battle Ald where we have so often routed the Dooranees, peat the Shah, or even his vassal, MobomedBedik to rule in ‘Candahar, would be to staltify all measures which we are taking to preverve Herat. A more doubtful question regards the method of dealing with Herat itself We And at once—and | ultimately, perhaps, we shall be to—employ | our tea allies in ria the Pecan from that — the pressure in the Gulf prove inadequate _ other measures must of course } | j tne, hat if he Caboot chict erely asdsted are, that if the were mé with money and officers, he would nelly bea See La a od Lea Fare ee uropean officers, and who woul ready mas- — ters of the strong position of Herat: whilein re- — gard to the other allernative of supporting him with troops, and thus insurin; bis tallitary’s riority, it may be doubted it denen of the Affghans of Cabool and Candahar has yet suffi- Ee recap Sa of an guxi- force am agreeable, or even safe, and it is moreover Pre ergs opi- se would look on the resumption of ns above the passes with the greatest pos- | le appre! eS and dislike. But, in paula Sdopling some ulterior’ mensuiee for the, rasnte- es for Rance of the ition which will i into active relations with tne Affghans. as it would seem, but two courses open one is to leave the Heratees free to elect their own Governor, be he a Suddezye, or Baruckzye, or Ale- kozye; and then, on the invitation oi the chief whom they have thus nominated, to take the Prin- cipatity under our avowed protec‘orate, appoint a minister or political agent to reside pe ly at the court, granting a moderate su for maintainance of government, and ing equally on the Persians and on the Ai bans of Cabool and. Candahar‘ an obligation 43 abstain ateeistaly Seg all interference with the place, of being immedi- ately Stacked by us. The other course is to sanc- tion—and, if necessary, to effect—the of Herat to Cabool, directing all our efforts to the esta- blishment of a consolidated Affghan government, such as existed under Ahmed Shah, and subse- —— a — oe round with such safeguards a8 circumstances may seem to require. — are ——— Face in Soth of these pro- posed courses, but wonld seem to predominate mm the latter; the 4 b4 Kban, and the “if the Persian war actually ensues, apy coptiorebie vosneesiame, there oi gaa noe on enormous on the @ and a8 i a z 3 eign offic, was planned exclusively in the interests In England it be that the dea Wat Wil tote on tookior esetede mount importance of Herat, on which the question turns, will not be accepted unless Jet ekvanced in discusing the in discussing the Rivocates of the war must show that s whole BP f that year PF a pes oy pag = their min Ly erthe pooh or the ting out of blanks, the anneali and the Ly F 2 resses of 1 blaching coins and medal h the: manufacture for the East India Com; British government. The a A layed in the miat work of a att Taturally attracted the attention and saan a of the nation, aad the government a ih entered into |; contracts wit! bm eminent firm, and finally made arrangement that their coinage machinery should be wholl: sag in the government mint. The old min in the Tower was, therefore, closed in Ya the horse in the mill ceased his