The New York Herald Newspaper, August 31, 1856, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 7306. INTERESTING FROM CENTRAL AMERICA. IMPORTANT. DECREES OF GEN. WALKER. Blockade of the Central American Ports by the Nicaraguan Navy. intercepted Correspondence of the British Consul, THE EXECUTION OF The Murder of Dr. Livingston, th? American Consul. AFFAIRS OF THE TRANSIT COMPANY, &e., ke, &e. The United States mail steamer Cahawba,J, D. Bul- "Wook, Conimander, from San Juan del Norte, arrived yos- terday afternoon. ‘She brings the passengers and treasure which left San ‘Francisco by thesteamer Sierra Nevada on the Sth inst. ‘The route is now regularly open, and passengers can cross ‘without any, trouble whatever. Among the pascengers by the Cahawba was Lieut. ‘Col. Don Pedro Y. Silor, Secretary of the Nicaraguan ‘Legation at Washington. Affairs in Nicaragua are looking up. General Waiker, by his policy in allowing the troops of the other allied States to take possession of Leon, has, in fact, completely disorganized them. The late execution of Salazar and discovery of the de- ceit of the English Vice Consul, have produced a good ef- fect. Trade is brisk, and flour, pork, beef, and provisions generally, bring good prices. There is no sickness at present among the troops. Granada bus not been so healthy for a long time. Padre Viji! was received with open arma by the de- Ughted inbabitants. The Padre has given so flatwriag @n account of his reception aud :reatment in the United ‘States that many wish to visit our republican shores. His return baa cone the cause ten fold more good than ho could porsibly have done at Washington. ‘The health of the Transit is excellent, and the facilities “for transportation 60 much greater than formerly that passengers now undergo no detention whatever, either by land or on the river. H. B. M screw frigate Arrogant, of 60 guns; scrow gun ‘boats Pioneer, Victor and Intrepid, of stx guns each; and off the barbor, screw line of-battle ship Orion, 90 guns, and screw frigate Imperiuse, of 50 guns, were at anchor at San Juan. > Important Decrees. Rarvnuc o NicaRAUGA, Musistry RetaTions and Gov. Gravana, Aug. 4, 1856 ‘To rae Prerect or THe DeeartMEnt OF— tale the following decree: ‘The President of the republic of Nicaragua to its in- ‘babitants:—Obeerving that Mr. Thomas Manning. Vict Consu! of H. B. M., has been unduly interfering in the interior aifairs of the republic of Nicaragua, in virtue of bis authority, decrees:— Articie 1. That the «xequatur, granted to Mr. Thomas Manning, as Vice Consul for H. B. M. in”Nicaragua, be withdrawn. art. 2. Communicated to whom it may concern. Given in Granada, this fourth day of August, one thousand cight hundred and tifty-six. Wi. WALKER. By superior order this is communicated to you for your énte ligence and proper action. Feener, Minister of State. Revenue oy Nicaxacva, Mumatry Retations AND Gov. Granava, Aug. 4, 1850. To THe Pxrract or TH Derakta rst OF —— The supreme Executive power has been pleased to dictate, rough the Minister of War, the following de- cree :— William Walker, President of the republic of Nicaragua, to its inhabitants '—Baving taken into consideration that ‘the States of Guatemala, San Salvador, Honduras and Rica are vow allied in hovtilities against the exist- wument of the republic of Nicaragua, it is reed Art. 1. Declared blockaded all the porta of Central America on the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic ocrans, with the exception of the inter oceanic transit route via orte and San Juan cel Sar, al forces of the repub- eu into effect this disposition in exact conformity with the rules and regulations of the vy. Art. 3. Communicated to whom it may soncera. Given iu Granada, this fourth day of August, 1856 WiLLIAM WALKER. By svpertor order this is communicated to you, for our ipteligence and sad action in expectation of tae ponding acknowledgement Frexm, Minister of State. Accessory Transit Company. ATIONS BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND THE UNITED STATE®—LEITER FROM MR. RICHMOND, UNDER-SE- CRETARY OF STATE, TO MR. WHEELER, UNITED STATES MINISTER. GoveRxmEnt House, Graxana, July 22, 1856. The undersigned, Secretary of State for the republic of Nicaragua, has the honor to acknowledge tho receipt of ich No. 26, from the Honorable Mr Wheeler, Minis- of the United Statos of America, Enclosed herewith the Minister of the United States 11 please find the discharges avked for. Tn relation te the proceedings had with the late Acces- ry Transit Company, the undersigned is instructed to ply that the President is pleaved to have this opportu. ity of explaming the facts aud circumstances which led the recent action of this government. It is satisfacto- to be aoe to correct the misreprosentations of into- Parties, who, as appears from some documents ‘company ing the meseage of the Presicont of the United ‘sent into Congress on the the 15th of May Inst, we not scrupled, for their own unworthy purposes, to pt to deceive the Hon. Secretary ot and other connected with the United ‘States government. n the bistory of the late company is fairly place! be the President of the United States, the undersigned assured that he will not fail to perceive the spirit of ity and justices which has controlied the conduct of ment of Nicaragua. ly necessary to remin:| the Honorable Minister J ted Siates of the fact that the iste Accessory it Company was chartered ‘‘ with toe sole object of e conatruction of the maritime can 1849, bet Ricarag e rican Atiantic and Pacific Ship nal Com ~ Pad The undersigned begs to call the at of the jonorable Minister of the United States to peculiar phraseology of the charter by which ite object” is determined; because if the Acceasory Company have failed to use the charter for the sole object’ of the grant, then it i manifest that the vileges therein contained arc forfeited. ‘The American Atlantic and Pacitic Ship Canal Compan ebartered for several purporer. It obtained the pri jiiege of building & canal across the territory of this ‘lic on certain ‘and conditions; but if it found ehip canal impracticable, it might fuifll the ceatract constructing a railroad, or rail and carriage road and ter communication, between the two oceans. The Ac Tronait Company differed from the Ship Caual pany in having one object, and that object was to litate the construction of the ship canal. The President of the late Accessory Company, in a let to the Hon. Mr, Marcy, dated March 26, 1856, declares “a ship conal of the practicable.”’ a t be correct, It is clear that the “sole obje ter cannit be attained, and, therefore, that eS granted under it are for eited by acknowledge lity to perform the con:litions of th further to justify the course the govorni |, the President of the company says in the same ‘The Accessory Transit Company ts an association 0ae principal business that of common carriers of passengers and ww York to California. For convenience transi: the Isthmus, the Company found {t necessary t) Haine charter and ects of incorporation from the Stat it the ‘principal business’? of the company wa thus stated—and there can be no doudt of th» the privileges of the charter were divertei “sole object’? of the grant to anothor an! tircly different purpose, it is an unbappy at sion for the Accessory Company to eay that it tained its charter merely ‘‘ {for convenionce of transit is the lethmus.’’ The republic bad no such object en it granted the act of incorporation. This perver- of the privileges of the company to a purpose almost ly selfish and but little connected with the loterests the republic, would of itself juMcient ground for ap- Hing the charter. us itis clear, from the admissions of the company If, the revocation of the Accessory Transit charter was act of strict justice. But thore were also other and jually powerful reasons for the revocation of the princi ! contract to which that of the 14th of August, 1861, was ‘27th of Supreme Director of the Stato ere adjinct—the charter of the Atlantic and Pacitle ip Canal Company. the rixth article of the Inet named charter, it is stipu- of the that the State shall ‘receive ton per cer profits, without any deduction of interest, of ah the company may ocstablich botwe he two ins, whether it be by railroad or carriage road, or by other means of communication, during twolve years in cranted for tho construction of said cai report of the comm stioners appointed unde of tals §=governmest, dated 18th Febru a ary, 1855—a copy of which marked A, is hero with enolosed—fuily shows, the indebledaces Ja omnes under Be by cil re Senomending large amount due repub| 5 co nt} persisted in its refusal to come to ‘an accounting with ‘the overnment, but od the testimony before .the commission Ny ental maint at of Wberate fravd for Fates ot crating the Reseda ‘ts just abilities, ‘The testimony of com! making the gains of the company appear less than really were. But it may be urged that although the company was deeply indebted to the governmen', and was trauduleatly epdeavoring to deprive the State of its just rights, stall the controversy was to be settled by reference to five com yopent chosen under the y-third article of th charter, For some time past the State has been endeavoring t settle with the ey v4 by means of commissioners The government of Estrada, in June, 1855, superset Mersrs. Tejada and Larayo to visit New York for the pur- pose of a settlement; and in the month of July the go- vernment of Castelion appomted General (then Colonel) Wiliam Walker with similar odjects. At the same time the government of Leon notified the agents of the com. Paez. that it would consider any settlement made with exers, Tejada and Lacayo as null and void. Messrs. Tejada and Lacayo went to New York and pre- sented their powers to the agents of the company. Their correspondence with the ernment of Granada shows, Per eta water early in Sittanter last, beers Presented his credentials to the’ agent ia Virgin Bay, who informed bim that he bad sent a copy of the powers to the Preat- aent in New York. No steps were, however, taken to arrange apy settlement with the company at that time. Soon a'ter the late provisional government was a fen cs Novemb an ae of Hacienda sept a rmal botice to the president of the company, perempto. rily requiri g him to appoint commissioners to poem a matters in controversy with the government. Totbia the President replied in a lester, enc osing an opinion of tho course! of the Cre copies of which are herewith enclosed, marked B and C, It is imposaible not to be struck with the evasive na- ture of the reply made to the Minister of Hacienda. It is etuted that the matter had passed out of the hands of the company, inasmuch as they had appointed two com- missioners to act in conjunction with two others appoint- ed by Messrs. Tejada and Lacayo. Now, it is clear these four bad no power to act under the thirty-tuird article befere a fifth was appointed; and the company has lever asserted or pretended that a Mth was appointed before the powers of Tejada and Lacayo were for mally revoked. Hence it was a mere subterfuge for the company to re- fuse to comply with the explicit demand of the Minister of Hscienda. But the opinion of the counsel of the company and the action ef the President based upon it were more than a subterfuge, They were a direct indignity to the govern- ment of Leon, under whos ices chiefly the late pro- visiopal government was formeo ; for they entirely ignored the protest made by the Director Castelion against the appointment of Tejada and Lacayo, and recognized these latter ab the duly and only constituted agents of the re. public, As the ernment formed under the treaty of 28d October, 1885, was instituted for the purposes of peace between the old parties, it could not fall to be gur- prised and startled at the insolence of aco: poration which aticmpted to re-open the old wounds Pe pepisting in treating the government of Estrada as the ouly legitimate one prior to the inauguration of President Rivas. ‘The tone of contempt for the will of the republic of Nicarsgua which pervades the letter of the counsel of the company ia a fair specimen of the manuer in which this corporation has always treated the government. The uni- ‘orm policy of the company bas been to encourage first ene party and then another in the State, thus keep- jog the republic always in turmei!, and without authoritice powerful enough to enforce its claims against its debtors. same spirit the counsel of the company, after the notification of the Minister of Hacien- ¢a. continued to threaten the government that if the State would nct settle on terms ey oye to them they would break up the transit and take their steamers from the Iske and river. Under such circumstances and with such th; eats, nothing remained but to dissolve the com. pany and place its property in the bands of a receiver for the pay ment of Its just liabilities. was done by decree, cuted 18th of Feb . 1856. ln d.ssolving the company the State was careful not to take ony unfair edvaptage of the faithless and criminal acts of the company. A Boarfl of Commissiouers was ap- pointed to take charge of the property seized, to erte the company through its agents to appear and answer to the be made by the State, and to give these agents the privilege of cross examining and V ientyn ag | witnesses, and of beng heard by counsel in defence of the corpora tion. Provision was made for preventing any interrup. tion in the tranrit, and as far as possible the interests of tppocent ps riies were caieluly seoured. Far from appearing before the Board of Commissioners to answer to the claims of the government, the Accessory Troneit Company has persisted in {ts old’ hostility to the es'ablishment of peace and order on the Isthmus. Its officers and agents have constautly strove to depreciate tre government, misrepresenting its acts and ca/umnint ing its intent ws. Herewith enciosed the honorable Min ister of the United States will please find a letter of in structions, marked 1), written by the Vice I’resident 0° the company to its agent at l’unta Arenas, aud plainly manifisting the spirit and designs of the corporation ‘This letter attempts to represent the oflicors and agents of this governmont as engaged in piratical prises, and eceks to simulate a British naval officer to interfere ih the American flag, for the purpose of carrying out the views of a commercial company. Whether judged by the strict letter of the law, the written cbarter, or by an enlarged oauity which leads a State to be lenient to a corporation it has created when it endeavors to comply with its eugagementr, the Accessory Transit Company deserved to be dissolved. And tae unders'gned ts satisfied tbat the more thoroughly the matter is ¢xamined and the more fully the facta are known ond wwrertigavd. the more entirely will the Hon. orable Minister of the United States be convinced of the Justice of the course pursued by this republ.c. The urders'gocd begs the Honorable Mr. Whee! reevive the assurances of his high respect and ¢ sti ed consideration JOBN 1. RICHMOND, Under Secretary of State for the republic of Nicarag’ To the Bon. Joan H. Wametxn, Minister of the Un States pear Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan Nav; CAPTURE OF A SQUADRON OF BUNGO! SENOR SALI- ZAR AND OTHER PRISONBRS—IMPORTANT INTRR- OEPTED CORRMSPONDENCE. [From bl Nicaraguenge, August 9 ) ‘The events of the part week appear a conviscing evt- dence thata specie! Providence guides and directs the Americans {n their eflorte to restore peace aud secure tranquillity tothe patives of this beautiful but unhappy country. ‘The fitting out of a vessel to cruise upon the Pacific at this particular juncture, and the directing of the current of events so a8 to deliver into the hands of the Americans the man who, above all others, was the inatt- — of the late treasonable defection among those whore ret duty it was to. protect the State, and prove true in therr allegiance to the people, points out as piainiy a par- vicular intervention of Providence in favor of the Ameri cane af did the ptilar of Ore by which the children of Isract were guided in their journeyings to the tand of piomiee. That ovr readers may have a full understanding of the voyage, we here insert a condensed accou: pled by Commodore De Brisset from bis log book. Tho descrip. tions are #0 graphic, end there is such a freshness in the aty'e as to make it difficult to improve. Wowpay, July 27, 1866.—At 3 schooner Grai Lieat. Fay sailed from San J first verse! that ever went to sea as an armed goverument veesel— tbe ecmmencement of the Nicaraguan uavy ‘The followtng are the pames and rapvk oi those ou board: J. DeBristet, Commodore. Cal. J. Faysoux, Ist Lieutenant Commaniing. Peter Swenson, 24 bs James Van Slayeke, 3a“ H. T. Hewet, Carpenter, Geo. Smith, seaman, Thos. Fanon, scaman, Dennis Kean ps4 Rdwd. MeCarty, Wm. Anderson, “ Jas. Stureh, * Dal. McGinnis, ‘Thor, Cleave, “ ‘Thor. R Snyder, * ‘thea. Burdy,’ “ Theodore Lane |“ omes Ri hed R J. Dowmen, Wm Mon “ — Magee, “ Joe. Lowe = Me kitg 21 in all on board. God speed! Terpay, July 22, 1856.—Running down the coast to wards Fonsera Wrnxesnay, July 23, 1856.—Opened the boxes of it unft for use. Made 80 P.M. bore away for Tigre Island, tant ata ber of smal! craft in shore to eastward: brig about four miles to wind lors. At 480 captarad the ward 6p Mana, (Freneh papers) 00 cargo or passengers. At 6a heavy squad from south, double reefed the sails, and began to work of! the shore. Sarcepay, July 26, 1656. —At 6 A. Mi. made alteatl and ran up the Golf (or # brig seen at anchor; proved t ve the Cynorvre, of fan Francieco. From her we learned that the brig Sarab, Capt. McFarlane, and the schoonor Emeline, of San Francisco, were lying at Tigre Island ahe also reported, that on the 22d a Chilian brig, with eight bungoes, pasred up to Tempeeque with troops. At6 P. M anchoreo ia three fathoms of water; men at quarters im each watch. Sexpay, Joly 27 1866 At daylight saw a bungo in shore, d stant about five miles. mnt the boat with Lieut. Swenson and fourmen. At 7 A. M. sonta email canoe ona three men with Lieut. Van Siayeke, in chase of ano ther, bupgo about three milon distant. At A. M. a breeze prong vp—got under weigh, picked up the canoe with a bungo in porecasion. At 10 o'clock, reached the boat ‘with her prize. At 10:00, took anotber bango with 6 hogs, corn, 8 bags beans, 5 bbis, plantains, 2demijonna tard. 4 bones ron) i. This being « large new bun put her crew in tre other; (destroyed ber), she is) some letters by which we earn that the brig with the troops is called the . M. took another bungo with 22 bags cor 2 ceroons beans, 10 hides; i Seat up ta go the large three fathoms the anchorage; made Tigre Isiand; | anchor and twenty five fathoms of chain in water. Monpay, Joly 28, 1856.—-At 7 A. M. took a raft of osdar, consisting of fifteen logs, belonging to Messrs, Hoyt & Amer, lei it go after takiog the water they had. Atti A. M. I took the boat aad puiled for a lauach about eight | SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 31, 1856. Jaunch, with Sr. Sai, three saddles and br, and papers, and $3i9 1 - ‘The weather looking & ‘\y cond lieutenant. At4P.» “Lieut, nearing a large bungo, sent to his assistance; it proved to lock ater the raft; brought her, ers On her, except Senor and new. At 6, blowing a gale Ors and » Walt Seahomee of URSDAY, ly 29, 1856—Beat Sen Juan del Sur—crew cl Wenazspay, July 30, 1866.— current very strong, to the N.; wean Tucuspay, July a1, 1866,— Blowing bard ™ bead sea. At 1). M. carried away At2P. M. fore peak halyard block Other, and set the rail; aiter part of the day Faupay, August 1, 1856.—Moderate bi down the coast to the S.; as sunaet San J twelve miles distant; midnight calm, tide he ice i ap 9 POT ATURDAY, August 2, 1866.—At daylig! N. by W. eight miles distant. Worked in and come roe at SA. as ~ e capture lizar was of but secondary mmportance when we consider the expose of the plans, the utter wey, Pd Dopelesanean ab tbe rebels, the amount of ‘tation as’ well as the names of parties engaged in the treagon, and implicated by their own signatures to letters now in possession of Gen. Walker. Among the maby valuable documents found upon the rson of Senor Salizar was @ letter from the British nsul at Leon to Florentine Souci at San eas ‘San Sal- vador. This is another evidence of the double dealing of British agents relative to the affairs of this country. What, we would ask, in the name of philanthropy and our common humanity, does Great Britain ex; to, by permitting her agents to encourage the half-clvilizod patives of this country to butcher each other; or by what species of sophistry does she expect to justify or excuse hereelf before the tribunal of Christendo., for sending 0 che part of the world agents who stir up strife and cat the ignorant nstives to outrage human nature, while s! sends missionaries of peace, with the Bible in one hand flannel ehirts in the other, that both the moral and pb; cal con¢ition of the heathen may be improved? ‘To those who do not understand the red flannel Chriath avity of England, we respectfully submit the foilo: letter of Mr. Manning, her agout at Leon, of which give a burried translation: — Lxox, July 24, 1856. Dear Frrexp—I am here, without knowing where to go, since Walker will not givo us @ passport to pass ‘through Granada. I understand that that maa is furious with me, attributing to me the change. It is certain that all his acts are rapid; and we have not passed here with- cut great apprehensions that he will make an attack on lvon. He came as far as Managua, and all we know is that he returned to Granada. If this man receives forces end meney, I assure you that, ia that case, it will not ve £0 easy to drive him out of the State, for as the forces come from the other States in handsful of men, nothing is accomplished, and the exper ses and sacrifices are made in vain, Iam much afflicted to think that, under these circumstances, no more activity is used 1 80 serious an affair. At the present there are 500 men from San Salvador, 500 from Guatel aud 800 belom wo this place, and according tomy judgment double that number is required. Iam hurrying to provide in every gan manner for my departure, and if I can get on ard one of the ships of war which is now on the coasty I will take passage in it to San Juan or to Panama, q In the politics of the country I understand that the democrats have gained much favor and strength. On this footing I go contented, since Estrada and his com. me ruined, ag having cut a ridiculous figure at obillo. Powers bave gone from here srpcintes, Mr. Tresarry to represent Nicaragua, near United States of America, since Padre Vijil bas returned home. We do not know the mo- tive of his return, for between this and Granada there is no communication. Altogether affairs are wretched in Niceragua, and very distresting, and if | remain bere much longer I shall not have ae! which I can put on. Already you can suppose how much I have suffered by these convulsions It is known that a certain Fabens bas sailed to Boston with the gold quartz, and that, with oue Mr. Heiss, he has bought tle mines from Padre Sosa. You need rot be afraid but I will do all Ican for your interest ‘n this affair, with all earnestness ; and you sLou'd write to Davis, in Boston, via Omoa, in this a cular, inquiring whetber the ore which Fabens & Heise tock were from the mines of Bestaniere, I shali write m yecl* to Zapata, in Laboca, on thia same subject. Tae trcops bere are altogether paked. It you have any Man- ta drill that you cen sell at 12}; cents per yard, I will take ten bales. Don't forget my request in favor of my political son— Mr George Bower—to bave him appointet to represent San Salvador in Liverpool. Iam your obe dievt eervant, T. MANNING, Mr. Fronintine Sover, San Miguel, San Sui rador. Here we bave a ‘ul! exposé of the coudition of the re dels. Accor 1g to the statement of one well acquainted with their at they have not balf the men necessary for any effe movement, and live in a continual dread of Gen, Walker's army. ‘The rebel troops are altogether naked, and it may also be presumed e such yoverty & auc disease will and dec. mate them apd as ¢ffecteally as any army that could bo brought against them. But the letter itself is +0 explicit as to require from us no elucidation. It is somewhat ui fortunate for Mr. Manning—and w» pity bim—ibat he should be drifting eo rapidly into the condition of the Leonere soldiery as to have the prospect of being ina ehorttime shirtless. Butthe poor man’s sifliction is divided between bis shirtles+ness in pros- per and the lack of energy in the party ta whose fortunes he seems 80 deeply interested. The antic!- pated loss ofa few shirts aimost b«wildered him, and be Mycs in great apprehension that General Wal. ker moey attack Icon, and perhaps take those as part of the plunder. Upon this potat, however, we can as sure bim he may rest easy, as we believe the General's wardrcbe is complete, and the soldiers of the Nicaragua ermy hyve lately bad'a full supply of linen. Mr. Mannipg’s let r may be constreed as the expres- “en of @ mere private individual to a friend; but this will be done only by persons interested in such a construc- ton, Hie cfc of Brituh Consul will be connected by the people of this country with everything he says on qucetions relative to State policy; and thos by his em Draciog the vicws ofa party itis apt to appear as If the whole moral foree of Kugiand were thrown in {ts favor. jn thir particular Mr, Manning baa gone Weyond the line of bis evry, or elve there is no weight to be atrache! to the words of Lord Clarendon when he eaid, in the House cf Lords, thet the British government intended to allow ibe Central American q 19st1on to solve iteelf. He has, by bis imprucence, forfeited the confidence of the legitimate goverbment, end can therefore no longer claim the pro tection of the State. Execution of Mariano Salizar, (From El Nicaragnense, Aug 7 } As eoeh ar Salizar reached the city be was lodged in the ecard boure, and all whe attention ant respect was »bewn bim which bis unfortunate condition would allow Frein the time of bis capture, in his launch, uatit bis ar- rival im Grarada, he received all the care and respect compatibir with bis cireumsances There was no re straint placed mpon bis actions: and in order to relieve the tedium of the voyage, a8 well as to keep his epirita from drooping. Commo fore De Brissot treated him more vke aermpanion then a prisoner wpon whoso shoulders rested the great ressonsibilities of treason. Sallzer ex pressed himeelf grateful for the courtesics which had bern extended to bin Shortly after bir arrival in this place he bad an inter- h view with General Walker, whi men nd that five o'clock P. M. of she fame aay bi tion ® He aypesred to be prepared for the annour from the taken, he ell aware of pena ty attached to the crimes of which he had bern goity, Hie interview with General Walker took place about eight o'clock A.M. During the remainder of aitended faithfully by Pwire Vijil and the cherch, and deveted himself, with out Interruption, to making’ his peace with an offended Detty, end standing |v the presence of the august majesty of the King of kings ortthe afternoon he prayed earnestly in front age of Christ on the cross, As his tual hour ly sacrament was administered to advieers exhorted him to keep lis a Redeemer. His devotions were rot disterbed until the officer u whom devol the avty of bis execution entered the apartment in which he wae confiped, to inquire whether he would prefer a stand. ing oF sitting postore tn front of the soldiers who were to fire vpen him. He preferred sitting; and thi ‘ny which General Corral was exceuted was placed opon the si ct selected for the eccasicn—the precise place on which Geveral Corral evflered death, When the everivg dresa parade concluded, a file of ‘welve men were detached to execute the decree of jaatice, while the main body of the troops stationed in the city formed three sides of a equare in front of the wall agains: whieh the prisoner's chair was placed; the detacoment 0° (we've standing about fifteen paces distant from the wail ‘The prisoner having announced that he was ready, bs ‘woe cecorted to the piace of his execution by a gui ° four men and the venerable Padre Vijil, who ceased no in bis prows ex! one. Salizar was dressed in a blie cloth jacket ant coars derk \inen trowrers, preeenting much the ay rance 0 arnilor, He walked from the guard house in his stock ing, sud carried In front of him @ crucifix, upon which be lecked with much earnestness and to which he ad “reseed bis prayers. Having taken bis seat, the Padre joined bim in a short preyer. atter which the perrons aseembled around were a ked if they forgave bim for the many wrongs he had perpetrated towards their city and their government. Peirg enswered in the affirmative, he tied the handker- ebiet sbeut bie eyes himself, and while calling upon Jesus to forgive him, the word was given, the soldiers fred, and the soul of Salizar took flight into the spirit wortd ht. He His Tp appearance Salizar was about a medium hi wore a beavy black beard, without a moustache. Delt wan slightly Inelined to curl, and the conformation «bis face indicated a slight mixture of negro blood. He vity ‘any of bis and this, with considerable inte li- was boundless, always bined bim at head of bis ty, The some faculties whieh, Pevided by honor, honesty © love for hie country, would have raised him to a rerition in the , were, by thelr misuae, the ‘bie death; for to bis am sition and disposition for «ith an tnordinate avarice, may baattributed th» von of Rivas, and equal by unstab'e associates If Satizar bad risked his life for the good of his coun. (ry—even though mistaken in his views—we d to bim the praises due a patriot; from ‘the fact that he put his mortal existence im jeopardy, and promoted a civil war, thus it the lives of many others for the sake of effecting the sale of some Brazilian dyewood, to which be had a doubtlul claim, we cannot extend to him any In our Sea set ree nen ‘of his tat? aencer ae iv as to throw both in tho balauos aguiust w few dollare, is not worthy the privilege of living. Salizar, by @ species of mercantile manomnvering, which ig called, through courtesy, entering, got about twenty thousand ‘dollars of which he endeavored to eell to the government at an enormous profit. General Walker was adverse to its ‘base, and Salizar cid not effect its sale, This appointment excited an intense hatred in him to eral Wai endeavor to effect bis for is said to bave been quite weall an B is untiring energy he worked upou the minds of Rivas and hia associates until he persuaded them to form @nother government. As soon as this was done, the in- evitable Brazil wood again turned up, and that Rivas might obtain a litle meneyter his present Feel derma becessitics, it was bought, on time, for eixty trousan ‘oars, aud told immed! after for twenty thousand ‘Thus Salizar at length accomplished his great ose—selling his Brazil wood for three times what it vorth—Rivas being obliged to buy, alt he = would be compelled to sell it the next day for be biti — jicd pay forit. From dition of the Leonese troops, it is safe to the preven she twenty thousand, dollars have been ex. ‘at Salizar was out upon another specu- orn, wat y * for a long time aspiring to the presi and adopting the hitherto mena com "pirants, endeavored to keep up a@ Ween the factions by which it A ‘ted. His patriotism was bound- rp; to effect his purposes he Tt was a favorite expression ht be permitted to live to dency of this Stal tom of president perpetual animosity bes ‘been unfortunately distra ed by his personal ambith With him that be hoped be ma w tl e id be see the day when the city of Gra “Att would be razod to the ground. and a tree planted im "°, PlAZ. upon which would be carved the inzcription ‘x "6 reneda. Being fully aware cf the sentiment, "2 omen ve to ward them during his life, the people o @ranada, instead of regretting bis death, evinced much g."°WHoatin that the iuveterate enemy of their city ended his u'*Y3 prema- turely in the place he had so long and earnest,.V labored to rua. ‘The Treason in Leow PROPOR! EXECUTION OF AN AMERIU€¥ CITIZEN'— INTERFERENCE OF THE UNITED STATES (BINISTER—* PROBABLE EXECUTION OF DR. LIVINGSTON. [From El Nicaraguense, August 16.] . LrGation ov Tim Ustrep Star Nrax Rev. oF NicaRAGUA, GRANADA, Aug. 8, 1856. Thomas Manning, Esq., Leon—I received last night yours of the 6th inst., relative to Don Mariano Salizar. As you seemed to auticipate, he was captured in the Bay of Fonseca by the forces of this republic, and on Saturday pight last was brought to this city. On Sunday morning, in company with Padre Vijil, at his request I went to seo him in prison, and offered to him any services that be in my er. He seemed conscious that his fate was sealed, and requested that [ would have forwarded letters to hin wife, and made other requests which I have com pied with.’ He was shot on Sunday last, (the 3d iast.,) etween 5 end 6 P. M., in the public Plaza. But you irform me that this occurrence has placed Dr. Livingston in the same predicament. There ia no con- nection between them, and no parallel in the cases. ‘Salazar was one (anda most prominent one) of the fac- tion revolting against the lawful government ot the ro- om hed ‘a General in their forces. He knew that he was Tabie jo the penalty of treason. Dr. Livingston is an American citizen, much loved and respected, and owes no aileciance to the authorities of Nicaragua, much less to & disappointed faction; nor has he ever been mixed up with the parties by any overt or belligerent act. As Consu! of the United States and a citizen of the samo, be bas been resident ten years in this country. He has been recently absent to the United States, from which h York, to join his family. 1 harges sga'nst General Salazar will, doubtless, be made known, and the country will jadge ‘of their jus- ce, But were It otherwise, like. Dunean, is in his grave: After life's fitful fever he sleeps well. Fastin oy oetlat eect nae a levy— can, the cold blooded murder of an exceilent and ac compliehed gentle: connected with one of the best ost honored names of our country, the father of a y and helpless family, and in mowise connected with the present state of aifa'ra in Leon (for he was ab- sent in New York when they broke out,) bring Salazar to !te, or remedy the alleged error? Lbave written to the Commander-in-Chief of the allied forces at Leon on the subject. I use, as you will see, no ex treaties Dor evasive terms. For your kind and earnest exertions in behalf of my inpecent end suffering countryman I thank you; and be assired that as s00D as porsible I will be at Very faith ully yours, JOHN H. WHEELER. Lxcation or Usrren Stare, Near Rev, oF Nicanaaua, GkaNava, Aug. 8, 1856. To General Raxow bxi10sx, Communder in Chief of the allicd forces Of Guatemala aud San Salvador, now at Leon: —! am just informed b; letter fr Thomas Manniog, at Dr. Jos. W. Livingston, a citizon of New York, > returned from thai city in the last steamer, has beer arrested by the forces at Leon. As the goverament of ite United States bare recognised the authority of the government of a here, I cannot address any othr person than yourself, as Commander-in Cnief of the Jived torees at Leon, rate against tue imprisonment of Doctor Livicgstou, and demanding bia immediate release. He is @ ciizen of the United States. No act of bis has been charged, by which he is liable to ary molestat.on, much leas imprisonment, by any power whatever, ‘and I now inform you, as Com mander in-Chief of ‘the forces of San Salvador and Guatemala, that should any harm befall Dr, Livirg ston, the government of the United States will promptly id the governments of eaid States to a severe responsl- vy. Whi government would rejoice in the pros- nd happiness of slater republics; and abstains from al} interference in any shape with their interaal corerrus, yet the Vrestdent of the United States desiares that he will maintain sacred the rights that belong to an arican citizen, and that “any citizen shail realige on every sea and every shore, where enterprize may seek pretéction of our fag, tbat American citizenship is an in- violable panoply for American rights,’ and that no Ame ricen can wander so far trom bome but the chief magis- trate of the Union will see that “no rude hand of power or tyrannical passion Is laid oa him with impunity.” 1 capvot but belleve that you will see that Dr. Liviagston le forthwuh reeased. “ From Mr. Manning's letter, fears are entertained for his life. The President of the Toited States has seen with re gret, in the bostilittes between Central American States, a Ccpartere from the laws of war in force amoug ctvilized nations. The party which resorts to such barbaritics forfeits its claim to all sympathy from neutral Powers, and exposes tteelf tothe enmity of those whose citizens sre the innocent victims of eavage cruelty Be sesured, sir, that if one hair of Dr. Livingston's head 's injured, or is life taken, or that of any other tn- pocent American citizen, your government and that of Guat mala will feel the force of a Power which, while it respects the righta of ocher nations, will be ready and is able to vizdieate its own honor and the lives and pro: perty cf ite citizens. Faithiully yours, JUIN H, WE Resident Minister of Unit OUTPAGE AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. Vor ail thas we know, Dr. Joseph Livingston, a citizen of the Uuited States, and form ment at Leon, to day is dead, between Mr. Manning, and the United Staies Minister, pub- Wished ia this paper; it will be seen that when the torous fection at Leon heard of the capture of Mariano ar, they seized upon Dr. Livingston and threatened t him if this government executed Salizar. Mr. ng thought this threat would be carried out. He the outrage would be considered, he vage the act would be named, he knew the peril it attained the trattors with, ana he hoped it might prevented; but he knew the unreasonable and bar- this people, how deeply they are caps- ind how contemptible they can beg for torgivences in the face of danger, and with this know- ledge be bad but little hope, For as well at he knew the native charseter, be also knew the stern, unflinching na. ture of the President of Nicaragua, who, although his own brother might stand in danger, would not swerve the State ore shade from ite predetermined course. Koow! this, Mr. Manning knew there was no loophole throu; which Salizar could ercape from the pathway ot death, and be therefore feared for the life or Be Livingston, Dr. Livingston has resided for a long time in Leon, has afamily there, and but recently returned to that city from the United States. His life in that city pad been a continued series of good and benevolent actions, rendered nct alone to his own countrymen, but to the native popu- jation. As a foreigner, he was very lar in Leon, ond corntisfied was he with his past 80 confident that be bad done nothing to merit the enmity of any fection in the State—that when ho passed through this city quite oe although persistenly advised not to proceed, be still trusted bimself in the bands of the leonese. But the services of a lifetime did not serve to rave bim, His charities aflorded bim no sanctuary. Tho protection of his government did not shield him; bat with a violent and unrensonable vengeance he was acized as an atonement for sev in which he had no part. The letter of Col. Wleeler will be read with pride by every American. It was written by the same man whose decisive despatch intimidated " power ot the American instinct runs through ever! Ine, and we vouch thatthe American Minister #iul not te sow to vindicate American rights when he is officvally infor med of the result, Cuban Demonstration—Anniversary Celebra= [From Fi Nica Avg. On Wedneeday evening Cabens tn very fee commemorated with a supper the ny gor ed by General Lopes over the Spanish troops a. Las he 6 Col, Lainé applied to the General-in Chief on behalf of the thirty-two Cubans, to have the supper at his q vrr| ter a requested the honor of his attendance. Said (ol. Laing be be <= ) ton, $2,500; 00. On the part of the Cubans, missioned ‘to place at your dis) men ebalf I come. and defend the apg of and to you as the! great head and ieader, we countenance and support on this occasion. The oral accepted the invitation. The battle of Las Posas (or the hills) was on the 13th of August, 1851, on the island 250 Cubans, under Gen. Lopez, and 700 Spaniards, wader Gen. Enna. The battle was fought at great disadvantage by the Cubans, but, nevertheless, they gained a brilliant » routing the Spaniards from chosen and command- It was in remembrance of anniversary eupper on Wednesday night was given. a the entrance of the General the Cubans were drawn up in Ine, with their banner in front. As the General walked past the banner was drooped, and Doodle was performed by the band. The table was eee in General Walker’s quarters. ‘The invited guests filled the reception room and parlor at ‘a very early hour, and after an interval of conversation and music, were invited to the supper table. The repast finished and the glasses filled, the Prosident arose and Proposed} “The battle of Las Posas—it demonstrated that when they met uj an open field the Spaniards cannot with. stand the Cubans.’’ (Prolonged applause.) By Cuarces Cartauay, Esq.:—We have toasted the living; let us remomber the dead. Crittencen, , and the watered the goil of Cuba and consecrated it to the harvest of freedom. Major Cayce, after profacing that Nicaragua was the nucleus around which the patriot Cudans might rally, and that here they would find that sympathy and coun- sel which would interpose no obetacies, but rather lend moms gad to the cause of progress everywhere, pro ‘The health of our President and General.’ The wildest enthusia' m succeeded this sentiment, and bot until the General arose to respond could any voice have been heard. The President said he was well it was for no deed which had been done that his name Was received with such acclamation, but for what was to be dope; and, continued he, if the countenance in my course shall continue to follow and uphold the révoiution, whatever strength of mind or Pt of band I ees, Shall be devoted to the cause. Gentle- men, what has been done it is to be hoped will lead to the furtherance of greater results; and, confident in this, Jappeal to the anniversary of this day in 1897. Brigadiar General Horyswr—I drink to the success of our little navy, and tothe health of J. Calender Faysoux, the first and only man toswim ashore at Cardenas with ® rope in his mouth. Sevor ArGurrno proposed ‘The Liberation of Caba’’— Jor, said the speaker, it is surroended by liberty, and must be free, By Lieutenant Colonel Lawe—The Hope of Cuva— General Walker.”” After this toast the President made a move to with- draw, but his attention was claimed’ by Brigadier-General Horwsny, who proposed a toast to ‘A woman, whose glorious heart and active mind will do more service to the cause of liberty than all our strength of musclo—to Mrs. General Cazneau—to Cora Mopvtgomery "’ ‘Thunders of applause succeeded, ané the sentiment was drank standing and in honor. The juito Question, [From El Nicaraguense, Aug. 16.] In the reply of the Earl of Clarendon to Secretary Mar- cy—brovght out by the last steamer—is the following:— Mr. Marcy is correct when he states that Great Britain lays no claim to any poesesston or territory on the Mosquito const, and her Majesty's government co! now, as they have al" lered, that the future condition of ‘the Mosquite In- dians, for which her Majesty's g vernment are bound in honor to provide, might be assured by direct negotiations It is not contended, nor ever has been coutended. that the Brilish go- Yernment, consistently with the stipulations of the treaty of 1860, could, in the name of the Mosquito [ndinos, “take with miltfary force, and hold San Juan de Nicaragua or any other point in Ceniral America;” and her Majesty's government agrees with Mr. Marcy that such a proceeding would be irre- coneilable with the independence and neutrality of the Isth- mus, and would render the treaty nugatory to the United States; but no such a question has ever been advanced, and no such proceeding has been contemplated. The Nicaraguan government shares with the Earl of Clarendon the opinion that the future of Mosquito and the Incian tribes inhabiting it might, or onght to be, the subject of a direct negotiation, and in order to facilitate | Commit a conscious fraud. T invite you to attend this apniverrary occasion; ard at the same time I amcom- the services of the are here to advocate civilization and mourns reed PRICE TWO CENTS. TiE SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS. American Association for the Advancement of Science, NEW YORK HARBOR ENCROACHMENTS Deseription of the Country adjacent te the Boundary of Mexico and the United States. Valuable Reports on Prussian Mortality, the Lost Planet between Mars and Jupiter, Petrifa Viviparity and Oviparity, and Ethnology. INAUGURATION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL HALL. &o., &., &e. Our Special Correspondence. Acmany, Aug. 27—-. M. ‘Yeaterday was a busy day. Four sections wore im Session, that on physic having + bdivided itself, in order to get through the business before it. But, ag on the former days, the most popular section was that where | Professor Agassiz holds forth. It is to me a wonderful sight to seo there ladies, many of thom young, and evi- dently not lost to frivolous considerations ef dress and good looks, who flock to hear the exceedingly abstruse aware | and philosophical discussions which take place in the section of Ethnology and Zoology. If they undor- stand onetwentieth part of what is going on, the stand- support of those men who have so far sustained me | ard of female education must be very high in Albany, andIcan recommend the place to fathers with daugh- tera. Ibad asked myself the same question, a day or two since, when I saw the bar of the Senate Chamber, where the physical section meets, lined with pretty faces; but on inquiry, } found thet Profeasor Bache is prodigious favorite with the fuir sex, aud that the ladies went there on his account, SPIRITTALISM, The only incident worthy of special note in the pro- ceedings of the gen¢ral session yesterday morning wag the motion of Prof. Hare to be heard on spiritualism. The old gentleman put the case very neatly. If, said he, you exclude the subject because you consider it trenches om religion, then you are confessed spiritvalists; and, if you are not confessed sptritualista, you must believe that the phenomena are physical, end therefore fal! property within the scope ot your association. Prof. Pierce met this with another dilemma. If, sald he, the phenomena are spiritual, we can hve nothing to do with them; amd if they are not spirituat, shey must be legerdemain, which is also without oursphers. You perceive that in this ar- gument Prof. Plerce begged the qvestion. Ho denied that there were any physical phenome: save what were due to charlatanism; while the very of the ar- gument of Dr. Hare was to prove the existence of actual bona fide phepomeva. Strange to say, no ove rose there to expose this fallacious position of the great mathe- matician. Professor Mitchell, of Cincinnati, to give Profersor Hure an hour, in respect to his gray hairs; and Prof. Davies, of West’ Point, made a common- place speech inst the introduction of exciting pooular topics into the association. But no one fairly took poor Dr, Hare’s aide; and when the question was put em Mitchell’s motion, it was lost by a large ma. ority, Now, I will venture to ‘that the course of the asso- ciatioa in thus staving off Prof. Hare was singularly i- logical. } am, tm bardly say, no spirituadst, aud I have no doubt that the bulk, if not all of those who make ‘a living by conversing with the spirits, are knayes, whe But it is not at all clear that the quest‘on has appointed Don Domingo de Goicouria | all the physical phenomena which have been witnessed im as Ministér to the ragua. urt of St. Ja: News from Costa Rica. [ATOM Bi NORTE Urmen, Meg nn} We bave been favored with the perusal of a letter from Mr. Henry Gottel, at Rivas, giving information direct aud rehable fiom Costa Rica. Dea Carlos Arunds bad re- turneo to Rivas from Guanacasta, whither he went soon after the Costa Rican army left, and where he has been stopping ever sirce. represent Nica- | connection with spiritualism are the work of imposture. ‘The facts enumerated by Reichenback in his work on the odie "force are unexplained. There are numbers of per- rons of the highest respectability who have Pialning cu tic know principles of dyriattugs aidphy eles. what ground do Prof. Pierce aud tho “ - sume, without evidence, that there facts ant these pomena have no existence’ I will go further, If ‘was no evidence whatever of the existence of these phe- Don Carlos saye that all the stirring | Domera but the word of Dr. Hare, I think his cha- reports that bave heretofore originated about the Invasion | racter ovght to have earned for his assertion suflicioat of this covntry are purely imaginary. To speak to a Coa. ta Rican of a second invasion of Nicaragua is so much of ‘an ineult that the subject is never alluded to, attempt to get up an invasion would probably result 1 revolution against the home government. ‘The town of Guanacaste ta reduce t in population fully cne-third, The cholera end dysentery have swept the ople away by rcores. The best idea that can be given proviration is tbe fact that, while the epidemic raged most powerfully, Gen. Canas himself engaged in digging graves, and bie Adjutant acted as cartman. Gen. Cavas Lae gone into the interior, leaving Guana- casta occupied by forty men, with a picket guard of Af- teen or twenty men, both at pom Salinas. ‘Two or three American deserters bad passed through Guava casta, but they were sulk ring from want of clothing and food, and the natives are frighteood from rendering at sistance by the chances of their being made to account to this government for aiding such men to escape. Extensive Conflagration. LATTING OBSERVATORY IN RUINS—A DOZEN FAMI- LIES HOUSELESS—LOSS ABOUT $125,000. Shortly afier twelve o'clock on Friday night Mr. James Baty, a private watchman in the employ of the Sixth Avenue Railroad Company, discovered smoke issuing from the cooper’s shop of M. & E. Connolly, No, 49 Wost Forty-third street, adjoining thé railroad stables, The ing, fifty fect front by ninety-four feet deep, and t stories high, was in flames. The firemen soon arrived, and were indefatigable in their exertions to subdue the devouring elements, but to no purpose; the flames sproat tothe rear part of three brick buildings, Nos. 46, 4634 and 43 West Forty-fourth street, north of the cooper's shop. Here the fire was ar- rested im this drection, afer destroying about one half of the three buildings. A three story brick buildiag, No. 43 Forty third street, enst of the cooper’s shop, caught fire, ‘bet owing to the exertions of the firemen it was extia guirbed, the damage not beiog over $60. The inflammable material produced great q' e of board being carr pi the Latting Cbservat third street, opporite the flames in a very short time top. The right was vatory, 480 feet in bi pument of fre, w into the dense past this tine wes sublime Lore wit ed in New York. Allthat now remains & never of the once towering Observatory, is a pile of ruins end ashes, A range of seven frame dwelling houses, commencing at No. 64, in Forty third street, next took fire, and in a very short time, about one half of ‘them were destroyed. From here the fire extended to the rear part of a range of frame dwellings on Forty-second street, which were partly burnt, when the fire was extinguished. Two frame buildings, Nos. 29 and 31 Weet Forty-second street, next caught Bre in the rear pert, and before the fire was ex Ung uished were about hal destroyed. A frame cottage ou Thirty-eighth street, near the Fifth avenue, esught fire from a spark, and betore extinguished the roof was destroyed. OWNERS, OCCUPANTS, LOSS, AND INSURANCES, AS NEAR AS COULD BE ASCERTAINED. No. 40 Forty utr) eteoets © shop, owued by M. Rog Shout FITS, no insurance. The 1H Secs Avenue Railroad Company. Aimed sete «treet, ceoupled by Mr. Wil- big.tamny, was out of town, phabiy Sibu, neared. The build. vito It was not ascertained if 100% 4€ 4% West Forty-tourth street, occupied by David Tose about $1,100. Insured inthe Metropolitan Ingurance Company for $1,000 Nc. 48 West Forty-fourth street, sonnet by John Gibbons ; lose about $400. No izsurance. i a Noa. 46 and 48, owned by John Gibbons, are dat it $2, C0, and are insured for $4,000 in the Etna Company of Harttord. No. 45 West Forty third street, owned by Mr, Mont gomery ; loss about Insured for $1,200 in the Pa- cite Insvrance Company. Insurance | uses the wor credit to Warrant an investigation. Granted that the harces are that he bas allowed himself to be deluded ny instances; granted that there was a prospect of @ tedious and troublesome ingui hold still thatit war the duty of the Association to © that laquiry and Dring that delusion fall into public . When the iret word of spiritual manifestations crossed the Atlantic aad reached the ears of the late Francois Arago, bis fret clvmation was, “Bat what do Silliman and Dana say of The avswer was very simple. They had never inquired mto the matter, never noticed it. The learned men of whom they are the chiefs and the type were se besy in finding out what happened twenty thousaad ‘6 before Adam camo, that they haa no tine to ta vestigate the phenomena of their own day. And that in- vestigation has never yet been made. At this pbc nomeva which burdrede of thousands betieve to have existed, and to exist, remain wholly unexplained; thoe- for want of accurate tnfor- that they are surrounded by spirits; and scores upon scores of these deluded people every year culminate in av insane asylum Far be it from me to disparage the invaluable Indore of the Association for the Advancement of Science, I do not know a more useful body in the world. Bat when Ithink of the fatal consequences of spiritualiem, when | see how maby excellent persons are fooling fapaitcism engendered by ignora egret. and most deeply, that th © voice woul’ matter sould have resolute! body . bad authoritative weight ow declined to give it men as Professor Davies moving to crush it out with suck ches #6 the one he made yesterday, I am impelled to the conviction that the reason which operated on many minds to lead them to the conclusion that has been ar- rived @t was absolute fear of the subject. In the course of the debate a very unpleasant incident ceeurred Dr, Winslow, a new metober, the author of the papers on volcanoes, which you have published, rose end moved that l'rof. Hare's committee meet in aa insane asylum. 1 om ‘atisticd that Dr, Winslow made the mo- tion in ignorance of Prof. Hare's character, age, and ser- vices. Perhaps be cil not see bim, as he was rittiog a long way behind bim, and may have euppored that some inuifferent person was moviag in the matter, Bot the unfortunate remark bal the effect of bringing Professor Agassiz \o bis feet likoa tiger He was scariest with indignation, sod almost jaarticulate; but the tew words that he svontet sent such a thrill t» every heart, that the whole boure rang with applause, and Dr. Winslow, like « gentieman, You may fancy how Agassiz is loved by every one. TROFESAOR AGANIR’ PAPRRS. He spoke three papers to day. One, the conclusion of bus paper ch animal developement, an essay on the one celicd animals; a second, on ovtparity ‘and viviparity; @ third, on animal classification. In the first, he rather tbrows doubts on the theories which claim for certaim infuseria the tite of one celled animals, for the sim- ple reagon, that it ts pet 2 that these iwfuorte are animals, and not vegetables; but on the other hand, after showing how the liquid into whieb the yolk and albamem of the egg resolve themselves at a certain stage of thele developement begins to circulate through the yolk tothe cmbryo and back again, he argues that, in fact, the yelk bag containing th> embryo thus far aevel aveh alarm was promptly given, and every exertion made to | apy consideration. And, further, when I hear # extinguish the fire, but dospite all efforts it spread with great rapidity, and in @ very short time the whole build- is & onecelled animal. The seco pu for its object the demonstration of the fal- lacy whih wunderiies arimal claesifiestions based on the pecutiar mode in which the femaes to their yourg. The least reflection ww! to your memory that in many of the works on scology ‘nei neterel history which you bave read animals were classified as egg laying or cub bearing; and that a broed line of demarcation was drawa between the animals which lay eggs to be hatched cither by the anima! beat ‘of the fe: "Or by the sun, and§those which, like mam- melia, give birth to the young fully developot, The Professor now dcmonstrated that these were accidental, immaterial differences, could be baced. He showed that some familics in ome clare or order were ogg laying, while others, end that an ag, nto one claes would involve ition of an identity between 4 birds. This communtecation paved the mal cinsesfeation, | the Professor drew up bis forces ovale bi prevailing #) stems of animal e! ca ged Prd so uieriy anninilated them, that he hardly loft a wreck bebind. At present, he said, every naturalist order clams, family, genus, as convertible terms. Sometimes one is the greater, eometimes another; orders sometimes include classes; rometimes classes include orders; and the rules o which such divisions are made ivo birth ‘ecall re based wpon the ai Tatting Obrervatory, occupied by the Hydervillo Mar fancy of each naturalist. The Pofeseor poimted ay 4 bie Works; lore on st About $40,000; Observatory aad buildings owned ‘by the Hydeville Marble Works Com pany; loss about $00,000. Insured buildis $17 £00, in the following insurance compan! tart. Home, $5,000; Excelsior, $6,000; Harmoay, 95,(00. No. 54 Weat Forty third strect, occupied by seven fa. milics, whore lows by fire and water amounts to about ip. lasperd Mien about $1,000." mw. J. Lamy f 000. Nos. 20 and 31 West Forty second street, two frame belldings, owned and corps by Mr. David Crochesn, ks the Metropolitan Eraaive Pp Pretorya the stock band 8H Loas to building about . Insurance not ascertained. ‘catruction of the Observatory is a loss to the olty. tee eeranger ‘will no longer be enabled to take in at one glance this metropolis, but must be content wo yew it in sections, at much trouble and expense, —_——$—$——$ Naval Intelligence. United States rtoamebip Susquehanna, Caytain from Key West via Fayal, was at Gibraltar aug ng for coal. ra 4 Cuvier, who bas himselt erred ip this respect, has, how- over, laid down the true principle which ht to govern animal divisions; and that principle is, that the fleat diwt- sion should be based, not on the structure, but plan of etroctare—the keynote, as he phrased it—whioh indicated the principle that domi the of the creature, The next division under this based on the manner in which this pian was animals in which the plan was developed ply forming a lower division, ‘was more complicated ranking in higher «i visi and habits were the basis for the next su ! i i i z bi i of students, wi capacition require Slementary treatment of the sunject, but to tho Fery mew of all others in this country who are the most competent to teach the branches of which be tronts. Tam nat em aggerating the cane, for instance, when I say that Cuviog,