The New York Herald Newspaper, August 7, 1856, Page 2

Our Lancaster Correspendence. LANCASTER, Paw Aug. 5, 1856, ‘The Wheatland Grog Question and the ‘' Home Organ”—Now Version of the Syracuse Die patch—Mr. Buchanan Against Slavery in the District of Columbia—En Route to Bedford Springs, Se., Ge. “The New York Henaxp and its lying corres- pondent from this city” still continues to be a pro- minent and absorbing topic of discussion “ at Wheatland, near Lancaster.” Your editorial the other day on the “creat Wheatland Grog Question” and the melancholy love affair of Mr. Buchanan’s youth, which Forney sent forth asa pathetio elec- tioneering document, called forth curses loud and deep {rom the Wheatland Junta; and the home organ of thie morning, yielding at last to the earnest solici- tations and tearful entreaties of Mr. Buchanan and his more judicious friends, actually attempts to talk decently, and argue that “it has ever been the friend of Mr. Buchanan, and bas ever defended him against all the aseautts of his enemies, at home and abroad, asits files will abundantly show.” But the home organ, in this silly attempt to make a loud noise among the husks of political fidelity, unwittingly acknowledges the corn of ingratitude. In one para- graph the editor denies just what he admits in the Bext. He says :— There was, imit, a paper called the Lancastenan published h t time—now no longer in existense— whieh was full of vitoperation and slanderous abuse of Mr. Buchanan, and trom whose columns the aboiition press of the country are now quot ng with fiendish malignity. That paper was controlled at the time by a gentleman who is pow actively and ardently engiged in advocating the election of Mr. Buchanan. This fact, of itself, is sufficient to show that the slanders in question were the vilest kind of fabrications, and are so acknowledged by the autbor Dimself at the present time. But, before I show the abeolute untrath and vil- Janous slander of the above paragraph, let us look at the following admission : We purchazed that pape: at the solicitation of the the Intei/igenccr—sinoe hhas been published by us as th terian, and vot the Lanca jigeneer, as the New Yorx Hunarp and its lying correspoadent bas it. Now, here is a jolly position for the home organ of Mr. Buchanan to be found in just on the eve of ‘the Presidential election. A @emorratic paper, in good standing, “ which was fall of slanderous abuse of Mr. Buchavan,” is purchased by the editor of Mr. Buchanan’s home organ (some say by Mr. Buchanan himsel!), and consolid sted with the hone organ, the name of the “ slanderer” being retained, and is still sported in bold type right over the name of James Buchanan. The fact is very clear that the Lencasterian was regarded by the purchasers asa democratic paper in good standing; else why spend one thonsand dollars to consolidate, not the two offices, but the subscription lists and names of the two papers? Would Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Forney, or Mr. Saunderson, attempt to buy the subscription list and name of the Express, the Register or the Whig, which the home organ says are now slandering the favorite son? The presumption is absurd. No: the very paragraph above quoted shows that the Lan- easterian was regarded by Mr. Buchanan asa de- mocratic organ, and the consolidation effected in the vain hope that he conld thereby carry his own coan- ty. It isa virtual endorsement of what that paper said of Mr. Bucoanan in 1552, and of the disgraceful means he was then compelled to resort to in order to carry his own county—means, as the Lencastcrian then seid, well known to every man, woman and child in the county; and the late peevishness of the home organ is that it knows he cannut carry hisown county this fall, even with such aids. The editor is wagacious enough to see that ‘* them $1,000” which ‘were sent over from England to buy off this demo- cratic “‘slanderer” of ‘‘Pennsylvania’s favorite son,” and thus strengthen him at bome, might as wel! have been thrown into the sea. But the home organ very naturally tries to get out of the dilemma by telling, what every body here knows to bean untruth, that the Lancasterian was controlled by a gentleman—meaning Coionei Rhea Frazer, the old “war horse of democracy” — “‘who is now actively and ardently engaged in ad- vocating the election of Mr. Buchanan,” and that the author of the Wheatland grog manifestations now acknowledges them to be “the vilest kind of fabrications.” So far from this being trne, Colonel Frazer has repeatedly said that he could “never upport such an old federalist, as James Bacha- nan,” and he now says he can support the Cincia- nati platform because Mr. B. has sunk his personal identity in it: in other word:, if the nominee was imply James Buchanan,” he could not have the Colonel's vote. The howe organ dare not, and Co- louel Frazer will not, deny this. And the “author” having made any such »' « as the home organ asserts, I can show by the files of the Lancasterian that they cannot be Pisprov: en. *“Barinx ths demolished the hiding place and swept away the misefaile subterfuges of the home , I will now turn your attention, and espe- cially that of your Southern readers, to a little bit of Mr. Bachanan’s history, which his biographer, Qhe Chevalier Forney, has strangely overlooked. ‘The home organ prates like a parrot about ‘ aboli- tion,” “‘niggerism,” &c., and tries to make its read e178 believe that the people's party is sectional and jts candidate an abolitionist. How stands James Buchanan’ [Let the record answer. On the 10th day of January, 1*2), Mr. Buchanan in Congress voted—the question being made a test— to proceed to the consideration of the most ont- rageous abolition proposition ever voted on in Con- which shows him to have then been a “pigger worshipper” of more enlarged proportions than even Seward, Giddings, Hale, or any of that ik. By referring to Niles’ Register, vol. 11, page 327, you will find that Mr. Miner moved the follow- ing preamble and resolutions, and that James Ba- chanan voted to proce d to consider the expediency of abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia:— ‘Whereas, the constitution has given to Congress, with $m the District of © bia, the power of exclusive leg Jation in all cases wateoever; aod whereas, the laws in eapect to siavery in the "strict of Columbia have been who ly neglected— neer and Lanwas- hirty years, have ontidence from impunity, have eral government their headq var- ters for carrying on the domestic slave trade, The public prisons bave been extensively’ set (per verted from the purposes for which they were erected for carrying on the domestic slave trade Officers of the federal .overument have been employed and derived emolument [rom carryiog ou the domestic lave trade Private and secret prisous exist in the Mstrict for ear- rying on this traffic in human beings The trade is not confined tothose who are slaves for Wfe, but persons having a limited time are bought by the slave dealers and sent where redr peless Onhers are kidnapped and carr efore they can be rescued Inetances of death. ‘rom anguish and despair, oxhibited fa the District, mark the cruelty of ims traffic Instances of maiming aud suicide, ed or attempt @4, have been exhibited growing out traffic withia ‘the Metrict Free persons of olor coming fo arrest, imprisonment, and so! jail fees, it unable, (rom \cnoranc wo their freedor y ements beginn og bundred like'y young negroe to twenty-fire years old, | « of the city, wnuer the openness and extent of (he traffic, ‘Scones of human beings expose exhibited bere, permitted by t ‘vernment, a woman having been « Lioyd's tavern, near the Ventral the month of l'ecember the jistrict hat presented the slave ivert 10 ve sod at ket boase, during District bas set a spectacle « no deseription ca: orth hat, to those who have f ind (exbivited Hye an ade ‘To such ext mem) er of (0 tion into the Hi» amine into the exivience of an $m Gloves, carried on in ame thr Jumbla, and report whether ar necessary for the put Loy ‘The House ol Rep Jast sensioo, by ‘opinion ao be abdiished Numerous petitions (ro Mave been presente’ to Co ‘of the laws in respect to s Sion of slavery within the A petition was presente wigned by more than one thowwand inhabit Arict, praying tor the gradual abolition of slaver ‘ae, to the exclasive iegisiation of Congress, ought for the bonor of this republican government, and the Interest of the i) Ariot, to exbibit a specimen of pure and just laws— Be it resolved, That the Committee for the District of solumbia be instructed to take into consideration the laws | swithin the District, in respect to slavery, that they In enw Fe (nto (he glave trade as it existe in, and i carried on ghrough the District, and that they report to the Jivuse n 1816, that a 1a resolu NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, AUGUST 7, 1856. to thoexisting laws as shail seem to them woe Just ‘Recobved 4 instructed to |; That the Comsaisen be further adual abolition of ¢) Sod ies the interest oreo individual ehal! be injured thereby. When the were shames sbelition presmile ot resolutions . Weems, Mary} ni ion of consideration, on which moved Fremont, propose as mu of Mr. B. tell us this was “a To show you how the bachelor of Wheatland, with the aid of the Junta, does up to suit a of times, circumstances and latitudes, I copy telegraphic despatch to the Syracuse Convention, as it 8 in home organ to-day, amended to suit the atm of Lancaster county. The copy published in the New York papers was intended he South—this is for “ bo:ne consumption :”— Mr. Buchanan has received the resolution of the Con- scliduted Convention of the New York democracy. Their union at this eventful crisis is ope o! the grandest events jo our bistery. The constitwtion will now weather the storm of fanaticism, and the Union must and shall be pre- served, The whole country will hail this reunion as a rainbow in the cloud, promicing a return of the peace apd harmony which prevailed in the good old time among the sister States. JAMES BUCHANAN. Compare this with the c ‘published in all the other papers, and you can own conclu- sions as to the way we manage things at Wheatland, with the ready assistance of Forney, Sanders & Co. All who have “the insite track” around Wheat- land seem confident that Stockton’s movements in New Jersey will secure that State for Buchanan be- yond al) peradventure. The home or, says 80, and the chairman of the Democratic County Com- mittee speaks of it‘‘as one having authority.” You may depend upon it, Com. Stockton has not turned so many somersets of late for his own amuse- ment merely. He may douviless pay a visit to Wheatland shortly. The Junta has hit upon another plan to “save the — for Buchanan. The only German ape here (itis the Dutch%Bible for Lancaster county) being a Fremonter, they are getting up a new Ger- man democratic organ, under the auspices of Henry Guenther, which will be out in time to consume all the funds they can spare, without doing much exe- ention for Buck and Breck. The Germans of this county Ngee prefer Rocky Mountain venison to Cincinnati pork to make ir political dinners upon. Ta g of funds reminds me of a significant incident which came under my notice a few days since. A democratic editor from the in- terior, being “dead broke,” called upon Mr. Buc! nan for tance. Mr. B. gave him his syeapethy, but assured him that he contributed all the money he could spare for this campaign in the ral fund, and reterred him to Forney as the disbars- ing agent. Forney could not be reached, and the pe editor went from one prominent Buchanan man to another; but strange to say, they all had notes to pay on that day, and he was finally “sent op his way rejoicing” by the generous assistance of a few of our printers, who heard of his distress. __ It is said Mr. Buchanan will go to Bedford Sorings in a few days. He eats, drinks and sleeps as usual, and drops in at Michae!’s occisionally. On Sunday week he attended service at the Catholic church. The Sabbath before he was at the Methodist, and next day dined with Capt. Sanderson, of the home organ, the Methodist pastor being one of the invi- ted guests. Mr. Buchanan had not been in the Methodist church before since a short time before the Baltimore Convention of 1852. Such are the “signs of the times” around Wheatland. Our Washington Correspondence. Wasnrnoton, Aug. 3, 1856. The Guano Bill—Necessity of Protection to Ameri- can Discovertrs— Measures Faken by othez Na- tions to Secure Ample Supplies af this Invalyable Manure—Benfite Likely to Result from the Bill, c., &c. The Guano bill which passed the Senate some days ago, and which is now before the House, is one of great value to the agrisultaral interests of this country. The facts which were stated in my last letter would scem t> show that the consumers of guano cannot well olject to the terms of the bill, But should there be any such objection, the remedy is in the hands of Congrese, as that body will at all ‘imes have the power to modify and repeal the law Without some liberal incentive American naviga tors will scarcely think it worth while to go out of their way in pursuing their voyages in the Pacific in search of guano deposits, or if any such should be found, to hazard the requisite expenditare of time and money to secure the title by occupation. The public benefits which the industry of the country will derive from these discoveries are maia- ly the following: — 1, The vast advantage to agricultare in furnishing fall supplies of guano at greatly reduced prices, and ot superior qhality, 2. Inereased employment and liberal remaners tion for labor. 3. Steady employment fur a'l the surplus commer cial marine of the country. Returning cargoes at profitable rates of freight will at all seasons await ships making the home voyage from the Pacific. The necessity of some liberal protection to stimu late enterprises of this nature must be apparent from aglance at the outfit which is necessary to sustain an expedition, and to establish the permanant legal oceupation of the Territory acquired in the manner proposed. . A ship of proper tonnage to receive cargo, accom- panied by a fast sailing schooner to act as tender, is the first charge, and involves the expenditure of some twenty-five or thirty thousand dollars for the first twelve months. Then tollows the mouthiy pay of fifty to one hundred men, at wages nae from twenty to thirty dollars per month. As this force is to be stationed for a length of time at a distance of nearly two thousand miles from the contine: I the necessaries of life and the means of protection and retreat must be provided for them. This recapitalation of essentials em! outfit for discovery and occupation, wil important are the details of such enterprises, and how necessary it is that parties engaged should be assured in advance that when success has been oby tained, the results will not be snatched away from them for want of government recognition and pro. tect This government alone has been supine in regard to this important agricultaral question.. In all the States of the European continent the government and people are alive to this subject. France, Ger- many, Spain, Beicium, Holland and Sardinia im port largely of this fertilizer, and are in search of i wherever it can be obtained. England, in addition to the advantages she enjeys from the monopoly of the Peruvian trade, lias recently obtained from the government of Muscat the cession of those islands containing guano lying on the coast of Arabia This, to some extent, renders her farmers indepen- dent of Peru. Under these circumstances it wonld seem to be bot an act of reasonable foresight for us to seek some means of supply free from the onerons burdens imposed on the trade by those who now hvid coatrol of the article. It is not creditable to the intelligence, the indus. try or the enterprise of the American people to re main dependent on the liberality of a petty Soath American republic for one of the great necessities of the age. The proposed legislation will remove this stigma from our national character and the legisla. tion of the country. ced in an show how Wacmtvotow, Angast 3, 1956. Bill to Refund Detes on Damaged Importa—Mr. Petton’s Explanation of ite Principlea—Amount Involved in its Operation—The Waiters upon Providence ond Congr Among the mony bill: before Congress is one to refond duties on mercvhandice destroyed while io their original and unbroken packages, as imported There has been various statements, many of them etronecns, as to the amounts involved in t bill. Mr. Pelten, from the Committee on Commerve, and who resides in the district where most of these losses were sustained, in order to correct the erro neous impressions that have gone abroad in regird to this bill, obtained the floor last evening, while the House were in Committee of the Whole, for the pur pose, as he alleged, that the members of the Hi may become possessed of the real facts and merits of the qnestion, enbstantiated by the fest prool tainable from official and other reliable sources. He gave a clear and enccinct history of all the legislation of the country, showing that the principle embraced jn the bill, via—That of retaroing or at eater » if not @ new Ta system, regardless of tari , valorem or specitic, free or of vern- of our revenue whether high or low, ad bitory. From the ment Congress has, by reco, the It is extremely doubtfal whether session. It may share hundred other bilis, E orgapized, and some of them are getting awful seedy, wail tiently, or rather impatien! the actlon of the House,’ The have as ex} its to far to live, resorting to ali raise the wind, disposing of their watches and jur- Wad if Congress should fail to pase thelr ile, God Congress should fa’ ir Hoe only knows what will become of them. ‘ Waenrnarton, August 4, 1850. Five Hundred Bills before the House to be Disposed of before the Adjournment—Anzieties of Claim- ants—Annoyances of Members—Impartial Con- duct of Mr. Campbell, the Chairman of Ways and Means— Fremont Invited to Address his Friends in Kentucky—Names of Numerous Slaveholders Appended to the Invitation— Mr. Hurbert’s Vindi- cation, §e., Ge. Two weeks from to-day Congress. adjourns, and the number of bills before the House awaiting ac- tion js by far larger than is usial at the close of a long session. Imagine over dve hundred bills in some way to be disposed of in twelve and ahalf working days, and then you have a faint conception of the mags of business now pressing for settlement And then imagine, if you can, the earnestness of applicants and agents, cach pressing the priority of their claims, and the n:cessity of thtir adoptior. How many votes for Buchanan or Fremont—for Fill- more is out of the question—just as the case may be, that the passage of eech bill is sure to bring to the candidates of the claimants’ particular choice; the earnest appeals to the members not to leave the House until satistied that all is “right;” the constant cry of “Doorkeeper” from the outsiders, who must see a pe: member, and then, imagining this, you have but an imperfect conception of the annoyances that Congress has to undergo the balance of its legal term The necessary appropriations for carrying on the ernment with a liberal allowance, wi!] pass the , despite the efforts to the contrary of Gid- dings and his friends. Indeed, it is impossible to speak in too Mah tae of the conservative char- acter and er ns of the Chairman of Ways aud Means (Mr. Campbell), who is convincing even his Southern opponents of the House that he is through- out a national man. To him,more than to any other dozen members of either class of politicians, will the country, in the end, be forced to ackuow- ledge its indebtedness for faithful services rendered. A paper, already having over two thousand namee, is being circulated in Kentucky, inviting Mr. Fremont to visit that State, and attend a eee bis friends in September next. The movement isa good one, inesmuch as it will show that a ion of, or at Jeast a member of the South, is not averse to hear reascn. It is understood that the names of many infiuential elaveowncrs are appended to the invitation, being anxious ts see and bear from Mr. Fremont ip person. Of course it is not expected, by those carrying round the paper, that Fremont will attend, but the number of names and the stand- ing of many of the parties for respectability and wealth, who endorse the invitation. cannot be ‘with- out efiect in the other slave States. When, in oar time, bas such a generous disposition before been dis- played by the South or any of its member States’— ad to what ix the sudden change to be attributed / ‘The answer to the above could readily be given, and is to be found only in the liberai, national, just and sound sentiments daily disseminated without re- nth, to the East and Henarp. ho was :e-ently on » aad acyuitted, is to the West,” by the N» Mr. Herbert, of Califor trial for the murder of a servo mst anxious to prove thet the charges ag.inst Lis general character, made by certain Calif the editor of a penny sheet in this city, ly without foundation in fact. The gentlemen was not permitted to finish his speech on the subject of his vindication on Saturday last, and will resume {t when opportunity offers. are whol; Cur Boston Correspondence. Bostox, August 4, 1856. Het Weather and Politics—Duelling Likely to be- come Fashionable in New Englend—Mr. Bur- lingame’s Rifle—Free Gospel on the Common—A New Sharpes Rifle Battalion--More Political Bran to be “Bolted.” We have passed through a heated term, which was protracted almost beyond mortal endurance, «ad even now, when the gilded grawshopper—a vaue or- nawent that adorns the cupola of Faneuil Ha!l— bas been looking eastward for several days, we have experienced but little amelioration of the exces 0! caloric in the atmosphere. For six months to come the Bostonian who shall grumble at a chill east wind will deserve to be annihilated by the clerk of the weather for his ingratitude. Politics, which rose to the boiling poiat at the late American State Convention in the Cradle of Li ty, bas simmered down to something like a proper consistency under the influence of the hot weather and the management of the leaders of the Fremont party. The Fremonters have concluded to snap thei fingers at the Know Nothings in this State, and, ac cording to present appearances, they can af. ford to do it with impunity. The Fremont republicans and that portion of the Americans who are certain to go for Fremont, are set down in the aggregate at 70,000, while the Fillmore Americans are estimated by the knowing ones at 10,000. If these estimates are correct, it is obvious that it would not pay to endanger the foreign vote for Fremont hy making concessions to the Know Nothings. The only job to be accomplished now is the adjastment of the question of the Vice Presidency with the Fremont Americans, and as Nessrs. Wilson, Wil- mot and Johnston have been in town a day or two, it is but fair to suppose that the work has been pro- perly commenced. The nomination of Governor Gardoer hy the Pre mont Americans bas been coldly received by the black republicans, and the blackest of them do not hesitate to say that no union can be made upon euch a State ticket. ‘The Governor's veto of the Personal Liberty bill wae ao act which bis rather cold endorsement of Fremont will not atone for to the satisfaction of the aboli- tionists, and it is almost certain that he cannot receive the nomination of the republicans at their State Convention. in the meantime, his Uxcelleacy is sojourning at Nantucket, where the wirepuile and his own bad advisers cannot easily obtain ac cess to him. P Mr. Burlingame’s affair with Mr. Brooks has pro duced a marked change in public sentiment here in regard to duelling. Men who once were loud in their denunciation of the bloody code, because the; considered it a Southern institation Mr. Burlingeme’s course in offering t ron, and, in order to sustain their position, they are driven to defend tain cases. the forate the body of Brooks, was presented to him in anticipation of some such event, by Jndge Roseel, of the Police Conrt in this city. Jndge Ruse! is the youngest and smartest jastice in our Police Court. He despatches a batch oi petty cases in half the time required by his elder asso ates, and metes out as much law and justice as an of them. Judge R. is enthusiastic in the fre? soil cover, and is an active member of the Young American wing of that party; henee his sympathy with Borlingame, end his desire that the ultraiste of the South should be met with their own weapons. Who knows bat that the admiration for Mr. Bar lingame, and eympathy with him on account of his la‘e imbroglio, now extending in orthodox circles here, may render dueliingjfarhiona’ ie? Who knows duel i in cer- Yam informed on good authority, tha rifle with which }iurlingame intended to pet: that Boston Common will not become the shooti ground of re ‘ rod The Young Men’s an Association have: in- aug anew ment in the free gospel on the mon, ich is now dispensed reg- karly every erected for that afternoon, @ tent Urpose. Our fashionabie peat Low sah 5 Me Sohicnakie consuinenls are ing their airs and graces at Nahant, New- pat and Banttoga, where they cannot be offended y Witnessing this clerical condescension, have con- peniow to preach {nitha gosh air. wivions aneeer aad without price, to the “common people,” such as “heard gladly” the new teachings of our Savior when he went about d stated preach ing of the oper iepegt e stm mer season. e who can afford pews in our fash- tet, a the bo ure ft stat 8, and Ww! mi ‘uncom! quote the text which asserts that the Lord will have mercy and not sacritice,and pack up their for sea shore or the mountains. Those who are left at home—the Ccnhigy nm p empetbc rd not afford toattend the churches. First class religion is too ive forthem, and, besides, areinclin- ed to remember that the Apostles, although they rare- iy bad five dollars in their pockets, ed for np. ing, and went a fishing for ir living. It ia hoped that many such will avail themselves of the gale om oy on the Common, and receive benefit theret The . es like it, for they are ad- vertised in the ly papers, and thereby secure large audiences, and then the press very generally notices and pufis their performances each Sab- bath. Thns far the experiment has worked well, and much good doctrine has been sown on stony soil. To be sure we used to take the venerable Fa- ther Lameon by the neck and beels and jerk him into the station house, for doing as Brothers Kirk, Vinton & Co. are ceiigr ene we served the Angel (iabriel in a similar way; but the cases are hardly analogous, for the one blew a horn most unm ly, and the w! beard and dress and ied brogans of the other made the boys laugh sneeneniant while at the mee upon the mount near the Frog Pond, all the C! tian proprieties are observed. Let us by all means have preaching on the Common, and let the sinners be punctual in their attendance. A rifie battalion is talked of here, not to aid freedom in Kansas, but to form a branch of onr yo- lunteer militia. Itis not yet decided whether the Sharpe rifle will be adopted or another repeating rifle invented "| «Bison Durell Green, of Cambridge, which is said to be in some important respec's supe: rior to any other for army service. This corps of riflemen should be formed at once, for improved aims are of but little value unless military men are trained to their use. A meeting of the American S‘ate Council is to take place at Fitchburg to-morrow, and another “bolt” isf expected. These American bolters will, if they carry on the bolting business much longer, have no- thing but bran bread to eat while up Salt river. Our Toronto Correspondence. Toronto, August 1, 1856. Talk of a General Election—Conflicting Views as to the Financial Condition of Canada—Quad- rennial Census of Toronto—Probable Increase of the Population in that period 100 per cent—Op- pressive Heat of the Weather—Prospect of the Crops, &¢., &e. The political world is rather dull at present, owing to the recent close of our Legislature; the members are visiting their constituencies, in order, as our old friend Playfair would say, “to salt down the cattle for the elections." The only thiag of importance isthe near approach of the election for the Legis- lative Council, (upper House,) that body having be- come elective by virtue of dn act of Parliament pass- ed during the last session. There is a gocd €eal of talk about a gencral elec- tion, and many men (taking the meeting in St. Law- rence Hall the other night, when the government was condemned, as the voice of the people,) predict a speedy dissolution; others, again, and among them mapy leading and well informed men, say that we will not bave an election until the present Parliament expires by effluxion of time. As the Frenchmen say, “nous verrons.” It is a patent fact that the country is not ina fit state for an election, the people being unable to give an impar- tial judgment while laboring under the excitement that has been got up by some interested parties against the present administration, to serve their own views. The Goversor Genera! and family, accompanied by the ministry, have left town on a tour to the east- ward, and are well received by the people wherever they go, im spite of all that such papers as the Globe have written to the contrary. It suits the pur- pese of that great patriot to decry everybody but his most illustrious self, he being, in his own estima- ion, the only man capable of saving our fair pro- vince from total ruin. He is continually asserting that we are on the eve of bankruptey, when it is proved by figures—and figures never jie—tbat country wes never in 80 prosperous a condition, and that we are rapidly progressing in wealth and intelligence. The quadrennia! census of the city is now being taken, and opinions are very much divided upon thesubject. The numbers as estimated by the various 8, differ very much, but I am inclined to think, information derived from reliable sources, it will not be less than 60,000, which will be an increase of 100 per cent during the last four years, the popula- (jon in 1852 be ng 30,760. This rapid increase may in a great measure be attributed to the opening of ilroads; and there can be no doubt but that as soon as the Grand Trunk connections Eas! are com- leted, and the Naithern Railroad better known, ‘orento will become what she was evidently in- tended by nature to be, the first city in British North America. We are having a succession of novelties in the sightareing and theatrical circles during the sam- mer. Wallack, Sr., closed a succeasiul engagement last week. Miss Georgiana Hodson is playing to good houses. The Pyne and Harrison troupe give a second concert on the 5th instant, their first having been crowded, though a great many of the concert going people were out of town, they having left for cooler peaiens. Colwood, with his museum of liv- ing curiosities, is here, and the Boon Children ad vertise a representation for Saturday night. The heat is excessive, and, to add to our misery, we have scarcely had a of rain for a period of three weeks. We had a good heavy shower the other day, and everything looked like a rainy night; but the clouds cleared away, and the moon rose bright and clear, and our hopes were disappointed; and so we are still gasping onder a temperature of 90 to 95 in the shade at noon. \ The crops are looking well, thongh they want rain badly, and a few = genial ers would be we hundreds of thousands of pounds to the coun- try. The yield of wheat is expected to he g.eater than of any previous — many farmers having in from eighty to one hundred and thirty acres of wheat, which is a larger quantity than ever sown before. The prices here are about $1 45 to $1 53 for the best qualities, though there is very little offer- ing, the old stock being well nigh exhausted, and the new crop not yet ready for market. The amount paid tor wheat, during the season, in the Toronto market reached nearly a million and a half of dollars. Toronro, August 2, 1956. Politica! Parties in Canada—the Know Nothing Flag Unfurted by the Scotch Settlers of the Up- per Province—Extimate of the Sincerity of Pari Shibboleths— Nothing in Reality for Politicrans ‘ov Fight About—The Great Party Question of the Future—The Independence of Canada The Pr pectice Iesue on which Party Organizations will Rest, §e., Fe. Our political market in Canada just now is in a state of the most hopeless confusion—every lea ler seeking a policy and not finding it, every party look- ing out fora leader and satisfied with none. We have the ministers firstin aquandary. The question is, “Dissolve, or don't dissolve.” Then, it is said, they are just as much at sea themselves as to their {ntentions as the apinitiated public. For want of any better name they call themselves the ‘‘ homogeneous government; whilst,on the other hand, the oppo- sition ia made up of the most heterogeneous politica! eet possible. They have rovges and communists from Lower Canada, combined with annexationists and Know Nothings from the Upp rovinee, or npper section of the province, as it is now the fashion to call it. This last party is composed of worthy Scotch settlers, who, strange to say, ae far more rampant against Roman Catholiciam and the Pope than the Irish Orangeists. Their zealotry for Protestantism, however, is not generally looked on as very genuine, it being merely suppored to be their “tag,” and when men who have not themeelves been born in Canada, combine with the ery of “to hell with the Pope,” a shibboleth agains, excessive emigration, (excessive emigration int» Oa nata—think of ench an abenrdity!) itis no wonder that people are alternately amused and disgusted by their antice. This “hosh,” however, has only heen tegotten by the same feeling that makes a man cat apything when be is hungry. The fact ix, that if we come down to plain common sense, there is no dis- tinction of parties at all; that is, distinction on a proper or apprehensible basis. Men call themselves conservatives or reformers, or are nicknamed fossil tories or clear grits, or whatever else you please, but when their principles come to be analyzed, there is no practical criterion which separates one party, ‘aga party, from another. You may get one man who has one set of abstract opinions for himsel!, and another who has another, and so on, but when it comes to the point on any measure, they act with or against other according to the cireum- stances of the case; and the Solution of their votes is in nine cases out of ten to be found in th alternative of their belonging to the “ins” or the This sort of thing ie not to be attributed to extra want of uprightuess of mind on one side or tke other, but imply because, in truth, the Cana- diane have little else to be divided about. They ara in the Position of w people wiases ‘rant axe Apna Since the policy of 4 has been to propitiate inetead of bully her you governme give x abe asked; and with this convic- tion, they are all tolerably well satisfied. They have no battle between urben and rural constituencies as in Eogland—no slave Laeaion to agitate them, asin the States; and accordingly all they can do poli- tically is to raise sham cries, and abuse each other individually like pickpockets. This you may see for yore, on looking to the columns of any of their newspapers. Old Sir Allan MacNab said, some time ago, that railrcads were the only politics of Canada; and he was about right. We have railways either in esse or in posse everywhere, mostly endowed or loaned to by government. And the plan is this: When any man “1uns” for a constituency, his first and greatest claim is that he will have a line from any one given point to any other. He gets the votes accordingly from all who have rty in the vicinity, or are otherwise inte: in the scheme, and in most cases the man who goes in for this kind of thing, whether conservative, radical or cle. grit, will beat his adversary. For what else have the constituency to care about? Most political movements and plat- forms they look upon as plain “bunkum,” and for a itical name, a man, be he candidate or voter, may anything for the nonce. This is not the sense in which Sir A. MacNab identified ities with rail- roads; but I believe, nevertheless, it is the true one. Itbink you may tty well infer from what I have said our state of parties is what Stephen Blackpool would call a “ muddle.” I don’t betieve, however, it will be alwaysso. Amidst the knot of little lla sections that now form our body political, a keen observer may ceive the cag two parties, which will number between the whoie population, and whose rallying ts respectively will be the independence and non- wepennanes of Canada. I sey this in no spirit of lity to Great Britain. It is but the natural end of things—nothing else. To nearly all practical in- tents and purposes we are now an independent na- tion. All we want is an army of our own; and through the medium of the militia bill we shal! soon have that. Then the first angry word—the first contemptuous expression from home—will act like aspark. Menhaving arms in their are not ly very forbearing under provocation, and once woked, the contest I speak of will be- gin. may not occur fora dozen ps much longer; but I dare say there is hardly a man in Canada who does not believe—believe passively, and mayhap without much desire one way or an- other—that the independence of Canada is but a mere question of time. A' those who now ive themselves any thought about the matter, I ink the prevailing impression is that when the time for such a step ‘side come, it will be taken with the perfect acquiescence of England. As to what may come after that, may form the subject matter of fature discussion. Toronto, August 2, 1856. Celebration of the Anniversary of Negro Emancipa- tion in the West Indies—Sambo in his Holiday Fizings— A Nigger Brummelli—Grand Proces. sion of the Sons of Uriah—Tory Proclivities of the Governor-General—Offence given by Him to the Catholic Population of Canada—Canadian Railways— The Harvest— The Markets, §c., §c. Yesterday, the twenty-second anniversary of negro emancipation in the West Indies, was celebrated by this amiable and redolent portion of the inhabitants of Toronto after the usual custom of such occasions From dawn the city was all astir with black beauties and “gentlemen cufices,” all alive to the importance of the day, and determined to flourish it bravely in their holiday finery. Such finery! Heaven and earth could not present again on the same size of any other clay such a conglomeration of colors. One nigger, who especially attracted my attention, I must dee¢ribe, a¢ I am sure I never shall see his like again. White moustaches (perhaps with care and not with time) ornamented his ebony frontispiece, a white hat and black band, a huge white collar,a blue coat and brass buttons, a handkerchief that for dimensions would shame the Ethiopeax serena ders, and for colors would cause a rainbow to blush, finished off at the ends with white lace; a crimson velvet waistcoat, a gold or gilt chain like a ship's cable, white trousers of enormous dimensions, red morocco slippers or light shoes, with glazed toes, and pes green kid gloves and bamboo cane tipped with gold. I smelt bis perfumed carcase, sweating under the weight of his decorations, thirty feet away, and, I can assure you, gave him a wide berth. The colored “bredren” formed a procession through the streets, and met a deputation from Ha- milton, of the niggers there, who, in order to do proper justice to the occasion, came in the robes of office belonging to their order, which they call the “Order of the Sons of Uriah.” Their drew was even more ridiculous than that of the most fastidi- ons bag-wigged, knec-leeched court dress of Eu rope, and certainly should make white men pitch off cach frippery in disgust, when they see that even niggers can exceed them in oufre taste. They wore black three cornered hats, with long red and white feathers, white chokers, ministerial gowns, black continnations, and walked ‘with all the gravity,” as 1 heard a Patlander ray, “of an embassy from old Nick himself.” The house in which the niggers intended to hold a soirée and ball was burned to the ground last night. It is believed to have been the work of an incendiary. The Governor-General left here on Monday fore- noon last, for a tour throngh the eastern provinces. His reception among the Catholics of Lower Canada wiil be of a very doubtful character, his recent acts not having been of a nature to excite any very plea. surable emotions amongst them. On the 12th of July last the Governor received the procession of the Orangemen, and delivered to them a slight approving address. This may have been in accordance with bis private feelings, but as a matter of public policy, I certainly think a piece of more egregious foolishness was never before performed by aw English Governor. Composed, as Canada is, of very nearly equal nam- bere of Catholics and Protestants—a great part of these Protestants Ley & Orangemen, the sworn ene- mies of the Pope and Popery—the Governor took a beld and a dangerous step in thus a? coun tenancing and su ‘ing their principles. It is an act not well calculated to improve the it oppos- ing interests and complicated relations of the two parties. What may be the result it is impossi- ble to say, but the spirit of antagonism to Upper Canada has received an additional impetus through this foolish action, and the bail is now rolling fast and strong through every Catholic community. The Catholics of Montreal have taken the initiative, aad in a mass mecting have condemned this as a studied insult to their most cherished feelings. ‘The much vexed esplanade question has beet set ted, after months of useless discussion. Toronto, for its wealth and importance, both politically and commercially, has without doubt the worst harbor accommodations of any town upon the great lakes; no stranger approac bing from the lakes would dieam, fF ignorant of his Jocality, that he was proaching the capital of Upper Canada. The dila idated, aud in some cases ruinous wharves, would ,e a disgrace to the meanest seaport on their shores. The Corporation, however, have agreed to complete and protect, conjointly with the Grand Trunk Com- pany, the one hundred feet frontage which they have reserved; thus the connection of the railway threngh the city will be located to the satisfaction of the community, and to the « mvenience of the it company. "There isa re ait here this week, on the anthority of a corresp’ mt in pees 8 Journal, that Mr, Napier, the ambassador to the government from the shareholders in the Grand Trank Railway, is likely to be called to account for having exceeded his in- structions. It is certain that Mr. Napier did not manoge the affairs committed to h's charge s0 as to give satisfaction to his employers; but the fault Nee 8 much at the door of the ghareholders his, yeasop that Mr. Napier was nos the mat either in know! conrections for the | The right man the righ; place again . | 'r. Cauchon, the Commissioner o? Crown Lands, | has undertaken the duties of Inspector General and Railway Commissioner to England, in connection | with the infamous North Shore Railway scheme. By | is proposed that the Hamilton City Council shall vote municipal assistance of £75,000, or hun- dred thousand dollars,to the Hamilton Dover Railway, and one hundred thousand dollars to the Preston and fete Bellwe A Itis rumored also ihe Travk intend next week opening their line from cityto Osha- wa. It such is the case, it is s time that some official, notive were given of. the _ I may also state, in co! with railwiys, that Canada Great Western stock commands a higher price than that of any English railway bef but two | exceptions. The Canada Land pany stock alao | sells at 500 per cent flysenny The uation all kinds of . ce during the ia pak wack ve been exceedingly small. It was to expe ‘ted at this eeason of the year. The weather bas been very favorable to the harvesting of the wheat crop, and the yield of wheat is large, and the sample is expected to be no way infe- rior to that of last year. | __ It is true that the weevil has been more prevalent. in pany places along the lakes than it was antici- pated; but still I ‘am inclined to think, by t: the average of the contradictory accounts, damage will not smount to much. At St. Cathe- Part of the season, there we not suffere the last hot and dry weather, but that ie beaboon rashes hemetslal, eet hamieas ihe grain it pre- m com: wages it otherwise would have done. ini is The wheat receipts of the week have been very small, the average price having been 7s , but yester- Spo ee one of grea' ment connected with aj ‘taral poo ers oe | last August, 750,000 els of wheat have chenied hands, and, estimating the average price at per hushel, it will be seen that upwards of one million dollars have been paid to farmers for | wheat alone. Flour coutinues in active request. Superfine, of medium Guality, would bring $6 to $6 25 per bariel. On the whole, te genera! report of the markets forthe past week has been unusually Pos liieced everything im good request, and bringing ‘ood prices. . A agulsr case regarding the payment of tithes in Lower Canada, is at present engaging the atten- tion of the press and lawyers down there. The de- fendant in the case does not refuse to pay the tithes on what grain he holds, but having yeas on hand which were assessed as grain, he ress his case on this point, that“ peas are not ja.” ‘The case has been decided against him, and he has ay the public fora subscription to enable to ap> ale It may not, perhaps, be generaliy known that man Catholics,and Roman Catholics only, are called upon to pay tithes in Lower Canada. The common schools closed_for the summer holi- days on Thursday last, and the usual have given every satisfaction to thoge most in' in the proficiency of the schools and the efficiency of the teachers. I anderstand that the government are determined to provide forthwith to carry into opera- tion the statute last session, proviaing fo the normal schools in Lower It has now become an absolute necessity that thing should be done there with reference to the edu- | cation of the tion in all its being so far be! one must feel glad that in m foray the West via Toronto, Collingwood and no longer a matter of doubt; the chief is the establishment of a line of boats on the U; } Lake section of the line. The want of this was felt very heavy fg tel those who did undertake it enced the season late, and the small | luce coming forward lowered the rates of the business has | eed pe gm and a meetin: called at the of Trade rooms for at one o'clock, to make arrangements for establishing a | company to take this matter properly There is no doubt of its being a good spec: the field offered for their enterprise may be boundless. Chicago, the western shore of Lake ey Lake Superior, the Georgian Bay, all are vailable, and will, if properly taken in hand, repay ny consequent outlay one hundred fold. ! The Almshouse for United States Soldiers. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Manrive Barracks, Ang. 5, 1856. You are daily exposing the abuses of those in yower, and your course certainly had a most | 1 ying erg ed in —— some of them. o ld not you it one or two para; your journal to show bow Uncle Sam Seatthe aon in the so called barracks of Brooklyn? All are aware that the building, many years since, was con- | demned, asa house, untit for the occupancy of | the paupers o! the city; but ail are mot aware that | since then the government have paid more in rent ten times over what the property cost at ite sale, | nor are they aware that the aggregate amount for rent th's place has amounted to near thirty thousand dollars, quite enongh to have purchased the very land now occupied and to erect good and sufficient quarters for the men and offi- cers, and given what now is not: space tohave a parage . Tat BE a ae all; at this present date, when I write, the men are dining in a room flooded two feet deep with water, and even this casualty was looked upon as a Godsend and blessing, as the poor fellows hoped some of the rats, mice and bedbugs, with which they are nightly and daily overrun, would be exterminated. Alas! it was a fallacious hope. One poor rat did fall a victim to the in- dignation of the men, but as to the bedbugs, water | cannot wash them out, perhaps, thoagh somewhat doubtful, fire might do something toward their ex- termination. | Ought these things to be? Men who certainly baye “their country sone service,” whether | Panag tite Soe it year to me, a not be ept year year in quarters more dapidated and fen , for they cannot be cleaned, owing to their y condition, than were deemed too horri- ble for the panpers of Brooklyn. Maxine. Theatrical, Musical, &c. Nero's Ganpey.—Jerome Ravel's amusing - tacular pantomine “ Asphodel,” which was with Sz — eed beige be repeat is evening. lengler al q ron the tight rope, and file Robert in the bal- oi “Flora and Zephyr.” Bowery Taratne.—The spirited of Mr. ——— will no ae a him as fine « repul as a manager as as already root on author and actor. Large audiences nightly throng his theatre and warmly appland his acting and bis plays, the “ Pirates of the Mississippi” and “ Po-ca-hon-tas. Agricultural Improveme in Greece, The Uireek Monitews publishes a + addressed by the Minister of Foreign Avlairs to the diploma'ic and con. sular agents of Greece, It is as follows — Sin—You are aware that there exists in Greece vast! tracts of fertile land, of which periodical or permanent inandations prevent the cultivation. The land, though ot good quality, is of po advantage to agriculture, to which it might be Of great importance. The government took two years ago the draining of a portion of it, and, with complete success ‘As experience has proved that works of the dertaken on a great scale are conducted better by private: companies or individuals, the government desire to employ this means for the draining of the tract of lane that are constantly inundated, Thete are—Ist, im Beoetia, the tracts‘covered by the waters of the Lake, 000 stremmas (over 65,000 acres) in extent, which are ali watered by tie Cophens, the Meiona, the Froka, the Ceroline, and other smaller cams, The draining could be effected by opening ubterranean camal to the extent of about 3,000 metres. ‘n Corinthia, she lands inundated by the Lake Phe; which cover a most fertile plain of about 40,00 stremmas. The waat of land dt for cultivation in the province where the plain is situated, the superabundaat popelation of which makes that want greatly felt, woul’ ofier cons ideral eto the undertaking. 34. The . in the Mantinea, of 60, i which for the same reasor operation no leas advantageous. 4th. Thy plain of Macaria, in Messenia, to the left of the mouth o un-) Copais, of about J the Pamicue, as algo the vast plains to the right anc above the rivet ing to Niet, form ng a magni, ficent treet of land of about 76,000 stremmnas, inundate: fn conse above 1 Indepencie ernment would deefte to lntrust to. indvh vate companies, on cond Mirant certain profs, other w tion, of equal til je profit. en Tinea to Patras, to Calamata ai from Corinth to Patras, passing by V from Athens to Chalela, and from |. well as other ways for internal ‘The government would giad! ence of the obstruction of the mouths of thy r de of the roads fron the construction q ng of the landa jast mentioned aq roads to cap) sor private companies who may offe to undertake them. Wherefore | invite you, sir, to give the desired public) ty to these ittentions of the government, to endeavor t address yourself to competent persons to make valdab in their eyes the profits they may derive from these opr rations, an! toengage them to submit without delay t the goverbmen: propositions which will be takes into s rious consideration. Assure them also that, independ ently of the es of the copcessions for the work they will fad on the part of qererement the greate: resdiness to afford them all the Moltitios and all the ed (peration poseible and “esirabie,