The New York Herald Newspaper, July 30, 1856, Page 3

a Our Newport Correspondence, — ' Newrowr, 2. L., July 25, 135 b Th@isaster to the Empire State—Fearful Inci- dits—The Season at Newport—The Hotels, lusic, §c., &e. Ye late steambort accident continues to be the thee of universal comment here. It seems‘ o have bee one of those terrible calamities which could neiter have been foreseen nor prevented. The Em- virState has been a deservedly popular boat upon hé’aki River line, and particularly wiv those jour- neng to Newport, and her commander, Captain Brrtom, bears the reputation, both with his em- yloers and the travelling public, of being amply itt for the position he bas so long occupied. The eng here is very generally in favor of the posi- iowbich we have assumed—indeed, the accident haexcited more ai‘ention from the fact that the a Rivor line has heen so managed as to be almost mntely exempt from those sad casualties which nar of late increased fearfully throughout the atry. € the perticulars of this sad affair you are doubt- esfully informed; it will therefore be needless to eqpitulate them here. The injury to life and limb eas to have been, for the most part, confined to hedeck passengers und those immediately about hengine. A lady, who was on board, teils us the oliwing:—‘‘I was in the ladies’ cabin at the tim: he occurrence; we heard wn explosion, and the ‘aln was immediately tilled steam. One poo cheame rushing in, with his hands extended, ryng out, ‘Oh, Lam burned to death!’ His hands poed as if be had slips of cloth hanging from them. ouch se, in fact, that a lady passenger asked him bhad been putting bandages on his hands. It eis that the supposed rags were strips of flesh, Wh literally hung in rags from the purned mem- 1, Amother poor creature, a fireman, entered the 3’ cabin aud asked for a drink of water, at the time plunging his face and hands into a bowl fenage the awful agony of ius burns.” Perhaps ne most singular incident is that of a baby ‘h was lying in a berth in the ladies’ cabia. When ud after the accident, the chiid was uninjured, luthe blanket in which it was wrapped proved to tained with blood. The only manner in which ioould be accounted for was from the fact that heberth window was broken—it is presumed, by hands of some frightened passenger in making escape, who may have been cat in so doing, hoetge Samper the infant's blanket, as above urated. It is a fortunate thing that no woman or iid was kilied. One of the men kilied is said to ve been on his way to New York to bury his son. ‘he affair has caused a deep sensation here; but, ough the verdict of the Coroner's jury has not pees, it is presumed that the company aad e be exonerated from ary blame. he latest accounts by telegraph from Fall River us that the owners of the Empire State are pay- every attention to the sufferers. : ‘o turm from this dark side of our epistle to the olities of tashion and the entrée of the Newport json for 1558, we may declare it fairly began. ep hotels—ignoring the Bellevue—are full, or ly so. The Ocean must lead the van, as the dquarters of the fashionable; thea comes the ‘antic, ita big brother, near the Stone Mill park; i last but no: least, the new place, the Fillmore, hch everybody speaks well of. Nor should we A the Aquedneck, which is filled every year a set of quiet people, who pride themselves D steady goers, and unite comfort with sure enjoying themselves in a sober style. much for hotels. As for the smaller boardiag eB, » bad and indifferent, their name is on; we have too vivid a recollection of a summer which we spent upou B— street, a n corn diet, anda sour old fellow, who n't believe in pianos, said “thee” and “ thou,” ed us “friend,” und dida't carry out the idea ia eatment of us to recommend those places gene- ‘e have a new whim here in the way of a steam , or musical steam whistle, which is attached small steamer—the Canonicus, if we remember it. As we understand this iovention—for we can describe its formation by hearsay—it has keys of a piano. It has been heard no less h seven miles out at sea. You would suppose as noe that some “ demmed furiners” were ding an indifferent hand organ in your imme- vicinity, Indeed, we despatched a yonth of ler years to the front window under that impres , when we first heard the steam playing “ Old at howe,” at a distance of some two miles h ourdomicile. There is even a fairy story told kind hearted lady, who lives some two miles n the Neck, who despatched her servants to find hand organ man, whom she supposed had wan- dinto her grounds, CApronneats as she did so, “it was a pity that the poor fellow should come r with his music without a reward.” It is need- ito say that she gave up the chase in despair. ye Germanians were here, with Hans Muller at head, as usual—of which fact, if we mistake some correspondent, to us personally unknown hlready informed you. But we must treat New ina musical point of view in some fature epis ‘We are promised La Grange, and she wil! ull heuses to welcome her. e weather, for Newport, is very hot, and ice , Sherry cobblers and such like temptations accordingly, to the great benetit ot their vea- feature, or, to speak more properly, chief on of this eveni ng is a grand hop, the first of ig and illustrious family of grand hops which tobe. But enough of scribbling for the pre- we must try and do better next time. Management of Raltroads. 0 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. New York, July 28, 1856. Saturday last, by invitation, I was one of a to witness the operation of a new car brake, put on the Hudson River Railroad, and as n the experiments of a nature to interest your ™, particularly the travelling portion of them, id you my notes taken on the spot, together some facts and reflections upon the manage of this great avenue of trade and travel, that the extreme North and West, and pours a current of wealth into the lap of the meiro- anne Jeet hotels and giving an impetus to unthought of before its existence. 104 o'clock, we left the Chambers street depot Sing Sing train, and after landing the passen the way stations, proceeded some three miles the named place, where we alighted to the experiments. Six cars composed the which was supplied with the new brake, so ed that it could be put in operation instanta- ly by the engineer on the locomotive, or by the int on the train. arate of speed was attained of per hour, ascending a grade of 15 teet per d the train was brought to a dead stop in 22 ie, and within a space of 706 feet. The rate upon the last trial was 40) miles, and the pped in 18 seconds in a distance of 582 feet. ually satisfactory intermediate trials were the conclasion seemed unanimous that brake, as an auxiliary to the old, would eu- greateet safety to passengers, as it would train under the immediate control of either or conductor, enabling them to stop the shortest distance aud space of time, and ly in connection with the admirable “fla "prevent almost the possibility of a coilk e for years witnessed the success of this sys- m. have several times, through your journal, Too much praise cannot be its appli- 4 to the ent for tm fact, "Mt chould be kept burore pt c until the Legislatures of the several States laws compelling railroad companies to lay double tracks, or station men with flags and at ever yp oh r, as we along Hudson River road from New o Albany. This precaution would have averted le horrid “‘ masaacre ot the innocents” on the brn Pennsylvania, the Camden and Amboy and most of the accidents that you have ‘led to record within the past year. a fact worthy of note, and fully ee my argument, that trains going osite directions have never come in on the Hudson River road—that the jixion was at Poughkeepsie, last winter, and ween trains running the same way, was dy 2 conduogr violating the p: ve roles of pany. Three lives were sacrificed by this it, and these are the only ones oa record since ing of the road, notwithstaading more than 2 of persons have passed over it during of about eight yerra. I know of two cases ib, by the timely warning of the “ fiag men,” ns have been signalled back from inevitayle facts speak for themselves, and the system mded ia so simple and easily applied, that I @ press and public will insist upon its adop- oughout the country. Amico. eMENT IN Warwick There was qnite an nt in the village of River Point, on Satur: cocegoned the elopement of a singularly conple. man, an Englishman, al years of age, ia named Williain ¢ little fellow, less than five feet high. He ‘ife and four children. His companion in married woman of about the same age as and remarkable for her great has been an invel'd for a number nce Jovrnal, July 25. ? NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 1856, Affairs In China, THE CHINESE IN ASTI GISLATIVE INTERT PURENCE WITH THELR GOLD SEB) 5 [From the Friend of Ubina, The Chinese passeugers per Fore: ort a stoppage um the transit of theie countrymen from Syduey aud Adelaide to the Melbourne diggings, and some alarming tales have beea spread here as to the goitertngs aud imprisoumeat of these emigrants, may of whom revurned by tue Forest Queen, Laave- ston and Evening Star (the two latter ships left en ist March) withoutattempting to get to the gold dig- ings, some of the trading steamers from Adelaide find been fined £10 for each Chinese broagnt to Melbourne in the excess of the propo tion of oue sod ten tons register, which is the enactmeat passed yy the Council and evidently intended to be cacried out to the letter. Whether the home govenmeas have confirmed this apparently unconstitutional act we do not yet know, as no notice is to be found of it in the last mail’s papers, There is one feature about this intelligence, viz.: that it is purely on Chinese authority,and no Euro- pean corresponcence has been received by the Forest Queen contirmatory of it. fe The American shi» Tartar, on the point of sailin, for Sydney, with about 400 men, is detained by their protestations against proceeding to that port, and the majority lave requested the captain to take them to California, which we understand the captaia and his agent, Mr. Murrow, agreed to, if they would be unanimous. They have bees addressed by thy Chief Magistrate, and every endeavor made to mee the exigency, but as some stick out to go the intend- ed voyage to Sydney, no settlement has been arrived at; meantime, we presume, there wili be demurrage provisions, &c. to paid for, by some one, and it should certainly not fall on the ship. We shall have more to say on the Melbourne Le- gislature, in reference to this interdic:ion of Cainese emigrants. If such arbitrary policy is exhibited in English territory, we cannot be sucprived if the Chinese interdict our intercourse and residence in their country, and it must indeed seem strangely at variance with our avowed policy of free trade. You must open your ports to our trade, even at the point of the bayonet, was our style in 1840. It is a pitiful show of our strength and rectitude to insist they should conform to our views, and refuse to recipro- cate when the Chinese wish to take us at our own word, that they could go aud settle in any of our possessions. CORRUPTION OF THE POLICE IN CHINA—A USEFUL LESSON TO CONSTABLES. The Hong Kong Friend of China says:--Police Constable Carvalho was sentenced yesterday by Po- lice Magistrate Hillier, to six months’ imprisonment with hard labor, for attempted extortion of money from geome Chinese emigrants residing on the Queen’s road, on the evening of the 25th instant. A Caffre was placed in the dock with the convict, but discharged, the prosecutors could not identi- fy him, there being evidence of a pretty substantial charecter, however, to show that he (the Caffre) was personating another person—the actual extor- tioner—if he was not that person, with a painted face. Carvalho, too, would have escaped, we be- lieve, but for our insisting on the constable on the beat taking the convict into custody on the evening of the attempt, there being, until we approached, an evident design to ait in the escape, ratner than in the apprehension of the criminal. Police reforma- tion is the crying want; a worse force than that of Hong Kong never existed. Common imprisonment with labor, such as it is, will never be sufficient in checking extortion by the police. The old English custom of flogging round the town, tied to a cart’s tail, can alone prove sufficient as a remedy. EMIGRATION FROM CHINA 0 THS EAST INDIES—ITS GOOD EFFRCT ON THE EMPIXE. [From the Friend of China, Feb tot There is a constant stream of emigration into the Shan States from the western provinces of China. That stream which now stops at Kinyohag might be readily attracted into Pegu. The Chinese are ac- customed to the Shans. They can live ina region where everything save a ne; and a Chinaman perishes of iniasma, and their industry has redeemed the most swampy provinces of Siam. The border of China is scarcely four days’ march from the Ka- repnea plateau, and the plateau not two from Tounghoo. Were this route once open, Pegu would be filled by the overfiowings of three Empires. Its a which depends on its re- ling, would speedily be assured, and the country with the natural richness of Bengal, swarming with a population as numerous and as iodastrious, might ne as great an addition to the revenues of India. ‘o secure these resuits, however, it is necessary that a distinct plan should be steadily carried out for years. We can contribute only information. It rests with government to render that information available, to open the route, and to provide tor the emigrants the means of redeeming the valley of the Sitang. DIVISION IN THE REBEL CAM?—DESIGNATIONS OF THE TWO INSURGENT ARMIES. [From the Friend 0: Coina, April 6.) Lo-ateem, Yu-fo-koo, Heu-lee-seen and Tsa Aching, red turban rebel leaders, still make head in this pro- vince, and have large numbers of men under their control in the district of Haifung. On tne 5th of February last they captured, with seventeen thou- sand men, a place called Kong-ping-heu, and on the {th of March proceeded to attack a station of the black turban rebels. These biack turbans for a long time proiessed the same object as the red turbans, viz., the suppression of the Manchou dynasty. Ina luckless day for then, however, they were induced to join the imperialists in an a'tack on the red tur bans, and nothing now can expiate the offence but their utter extermination. At Chu-chan resides the headman of the clan Chun, who with difficulty having saved himself, his sister, and some three thousand followers from a massacre by the imperialists at pia erg has warmly joined them. On the 10th instant (March) these red turbans assembled in large numbers, loosed their hair, sacrificed to heaven and earth, and called the whole universe to witness their vows of fi- delity to each other and to Chun, whom, though eigh- teen years of age only, they clected to be com- nder-in-chiet. This ceremony completed, they marched, twenty thousand strong, to Sammee, which they took promptly, killing in the assault the or, twelve menderinn of rank, and three thousand people, mostly black turban men, They are now investing the district city of Haefoong. THE NRW TREATY OF THE DUTCH WITH JAPAN. (From the Singapore Free Press, May 1.) The Dutch papers received by last mail inform us that a provisional treaty between Holland and Ja, was concluded at Nangasaki, on the /th Novem! last, the principal contents of which are as fol- The Dutch are no longer limited to Decima, but may freely resort to Nangasaki and the immediate Island Decima is placed at the disposal of the Dutch, and the buildings thereon sold to Holland. This island will serve as anentrepot for the Datch, where they can land their goods without payment of daties or search. The keys of the water gates and of the entrepot warehouses will remain with the Dutch Chief Factor. The usnai duties will not be exacted until goods are prougbt to Nangasaki. The trade with the Dutch government remains on tie former heron Free exercise of religion and right of burial is con- ecded to the Dutch. be nmrgnh pe ie ican coming or dan com: munication with otaer enter or ing from the roads. - aii A wefinitive treaty is to be hereafter concinded, but until that takes Sg the present agreement is to be considered in force. Affairs In Siam. THE TREATY WITH ENGLAND AND ITS EPPRCTS—RE- MINISOENCES OF CHE KING—THE AMERICAN MIS SIONARIES—WHAT THE SIAMESE POTENTATES LEARN AND KNOW. (From the China News of the Church, Feb. 1.) The Siamese government and the people show their real interest in the treaty with Great Britain, (formed last spring under the able ‘ment of Sir a pati by be with which ing prepara carrying ona teick and profitable commerce with foreign nations. One or two steamers and merchantmen are being built by them, on foreign models; and every sign in- dicates an jing amount of vigor and zeal ii this singular co > We are glad to perceive that the interest of Chrie- la the Siamese people is beginning to be excited. At a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, held on December 10, a paper was read to the mem bers by Mr. Consul Parker, of ane, pyaee de- tail of the information he had acq ing bis visit to the Kingdom of Siam in the staff of his Ex- cellency Sir John Bowring. The particulars on the geography of the country, and the manners and enstoms, gave great satisfaction. Mr. Parker hand- sormely acknowledged the assistance that had been affirded him in his investigations by the American missionaries. The mapof the Meinaum river, which he laid before the society, had been drawn up by theese eee An article on the same subject was read by Mr. Parker at one of the sections of the British Asao- = daring its sessions at Glasgow in September last, The chief king of Siam was formerly known as Prince Chowfa. His name has long been in the re- cords of American missions to that country, as a man of remarkable intelligence and devoteduess to the study of truta. In consequence of intormation that has recently heen brought to light among as re- garding lis Majesty, it ia pleasing to find that at a meeting of the Royal Asta'i iety, held Decem- her 1, inst year, the Secretary, on behalf of the Conncil, sntmdtted to the meeting the name of the chiet Ly of Lag Cw = oe brothor and snb- ordinat Ines, for election as hoavrary members of the claim of these royal res consisted in their ction of the interests of actence, oral attainments. and in head king was a proficient in the Pali and | languages, and had acquired a considerable quaintavce with Latin and Noglivh. The secont King is staced by Sir Joho Bowring to speak ani write English with ease and correctness. Both ar> astiovomers, ableto make an observation and work an eclipse; and the seound kiug is also a chemist and mechanician. Both have written letters to her Majesty the Queen, in Engiish, which are creditable performances, The head king hus entered into a way of any. and commerce with this country, which gives Englishmen a right to hold laod aad to be governed by their own laws in Siam, and grants otber valuable privileges, thus opening up to our en- terprise a country which has hardly been less shut to us than China itself. Their Majesties were unani- mously elected. We doubt i! there is any sovereign in Europe who possesses the scientific knowledge of these Siamese potentates; aud we trust that they have been raised up to be nursing fathers to the cause of Christianity among their own subjects. AMERICAN AFYAIKS IN CHINA AND SIAM. trou the Overland Register, May Le } The United States steam frigate San Jacinto is ex- pected to arrive here hourly, with the Hon. Town- send Hatris, Commissioner to Siam and Consu! General to Japan, on board. Itis expected that he will have successfully bese to a point a com mercial treaty between the King of Siam and the government of the United States. The treaty which Commodore Perry made with the authorities o rier has proved itselt to be a something waich i did not even require a coach and four to drive through. We have had a warrior to enter the wed» —we have had a psuedo politician to follow him uo in endeavors to break down the exclusiveness of this singwar people; and now we have a shrewd Yan Kee and & common sense mercnant, who goes to Japan with all the privileges conferred upon him by the {1 8, to follow them up, and we don’: say too much when we aver that the common sense of the merchant will speedily show forth and put to right the blunders of the warrior and pseudo politician— his predecessors in diplomacy. TUE ESTATE OF MESSRS. NYE BROTHERS AND COM- PANY. [From the Overlana Register, May 10.] Messrs. Russell, Sturgis & Co., of Manila, having commenced an action inst the above estate for $16,000, endeavored to seize on some of the property which had been assigned to the trustees ia Canton. This was resisted by the body of the creditors. The Hon Mr. Anstey, Attorney General of Hong Kong, was retained as counsel for the defendants’ trusvees and creditors in support of the assigament, with Mr. G, Cooper Turner as solicitor, and Mr. Kingsmill as counsel, with Mr. Henry J. Tarrant as solicitor for the plaintiff; the American Consul having consent- ed to allow them to be heard in the case. Mr. Anstey made a long speech, of course, which we see he threatens to publish, basing his resistance to the action on the American treaty with China, the law of nations and principles of equity. Mr. Kingsmill grounded the right of his clients ‘to pro- ceed on the mere matter of law. The principles of equity carried the day, as will be seen by the follow- ing decision:— [from the Records of the United States Consular Court at Canton, May 3, 1850. The following is the decision of the Court in the case of Russell & Sturgis Nye vs. Brothers & Company, on the motion to stay proceedings: — After a due and careful consideration of the case the Court decides :— That the assignment made by Gideon Nye, Jr. on the Tith of March last, of all and singular his real and per- sonal property, aswell as all and singular the real and personal property belonging and appertaining unto the commercial house ot Nye Brothers & Company, unto Mesais. Russell & Company and Jawes Purdon &'Com- pany in trust for the benefit of each al the creditors of the said Gideon Nye & Company and the said com. mercial house of Nye Brothers & Company, has received the assent and adoption of his the saic Gideon Nye’s co. partners: and tbat an assigninent made after insolvency, which divides the assets with perfect equality among all the creditors, is considered by the Court, uncer its equity jurisdiction, 48 a valid trust and will be sustained, It is theretore decreed that all proceedings in this case be stayed Fwithout day. The costs in this case to be paid one half by the plaintifls and one half oy the inter- venors, OLIVER H. PERRY, U. 8. Consul, 1..N. Fivencock and 0. E. Roaxxrs, Assessors We shall not say much at present on this subject, but at fiest sight it appears to us that the Consul and his assessors have made a mistake, for we cannot understand what bar the American treaty with China, or the law of nations—which we may remark incidentally the present Attorney General of the United States, Caleb Cushing, maker and signer of the American treaty, does not allow to extend to Chira—bas to do with preventing one American sub- ject pursuing another and obtaining judgment against warp Lt Aiareicem etn for x assignment itself, i YY & ose who concur 1m it, and can in no way bind the rest of the creditors, either in law or equity. A case will be heard here shortly, we believe, which we expect wii) enlighten the insolvent trustees and creditors to what we have been pressing upon them, that there is nothing to prevent the thorough sack of all the pic perty by any — who chooses to stand out and in sist on his ue . And we may conclude that it i: not at all likely that American citizens will allow American Consuls to prevent them obtaining satis- faction of a fellow citizen. ENGLISH LAWYERS PRACTISING IN AMERICAN COURTS. From the Overland Register, May 10.) There has been an official announcement that bar risters are img wo to ap) in Consular Courts, sent to Sir John Bowring by Earl Clarendon, which his Excellency has not thought fit to publish. This tight has been twice asserted by the Chief Justice permitting barristers who had m excluded from the Canton Consular Court to a! direct and cial announcement of the right was, however, ob- tained from Lord Clarendon by the exertions of Mr. Bridges. This right of a by counsel has not met the approval of some of the inhabitants under the ji iction of the Consular Courts, but singularly enough they all come to the conclusion that if la are to appear before the Consul, the Consul ought to be a lawyer also. Without assert- ing that the Consul shi be a lawyer, we may aay he would not be the worse for know- ing something of the radiments of law. Now, the whole question of the admission of barristers or attorneys in Consular Courts arose from two most sqneles blunders, committed by two of our most ented Consuls at Canton. If our most able Con- suls could so err, what might we not expect from the rest, and the extraordinary set of successors with "Bingulae enongh, the hist employment our bar has gular enoug! e emp! our bar had in Canton has been at the American Consulate, the American Consul —— pom ig two barris- tera to appear in the case o! , Sturgis & Co. and Nye Brothers & Co. is mentioned as a singular instance of liberality, and so it is. Itis also stated that it is the first time an English crown lawyer has been permitted to appear in an Ameri- can court of justice since the Declaration of Inde- pendence, in 1776. Mr. Anstey is only an English crown lawyer wi hin the bounds of the colony of Hong Kong, and we question very much if he is even ent 1 to wear a silk gown out of the colony; be appeared, therefore, as a simple barrister in American Consular Court, and permsasion to English lawyers to practise in American courts of justice is no bew thing. Mr. G. Cooper Turner, the solicitor with Mr. Anstey, was on the rolls of the court in California. Affairs in Pern. From El Panameno, July 9 ) a kind of despotism is that of General Cas- la It is a law of humanity to advance to perfection amidst fierce gies which the passions and igno- rance of indivi produce. Man invents nothing and creates nothing; he has to explore slowly immense fields strewn with diffi- — which = many ee hee ae will ave rough, gathering, there, the cigoente Range Mong iy Foe form that trea- sure of happiness ir wi y yearn without ever being oo es Amongst numerous obstac! which this progressive, although slow edvancoment, there is none of more force than tyranny. ‘The source tyranny is, without doubt, igno- rance and pride, fan because he is ignorant the destiny of humanity, or he is seized with the pride of be- Hieving in his own to change the dential = of destiny. And who knows whether tyranny not likewise concerned in this very ? Nero, who saw the corru; of cotempora- raries, held humanity in contempt, and treated men ld beasts, like wil Sulla, whose soul wag without any doubt, more elevated, became in it at them, and made him- self the instrument of Divine vengeance. Napoleon, fatalist, and caressed by fortaae, be- Teved himself to be a Providential ins, whose mission it was to regulate the world; and if it is trne, as Lamartine says, and as we believe ourselve:, that in all error there is a pK troth, by ex amining into history we ehall that all great de« ts those scourges of humanity on a great scaly— ave dlways had an elevated starting potnt, with more or less perverse jutentions. Which, therefore, is the principle, the starting ny ahd an aa te Tn order to suppose hin to have one, % won p necessary to su; him to be greater than he is. aps What kind of despotiem, therefore, ia his? He promised liberty, morality, and a fall vindica- tion of the trodd+n down national honor ; but, ina despotically ruled country, there cannot be either morality or liberty ; neither has war been declared ageina: Bolivin, which. by eo many insolent ontrages, has prov eked it, at different times, always with im- punity on #8 side, and with ignominy on ours, Be convoked « convention, and afterwards ham- bled and ens dd it. He swore obedience to the lows, and, the first, he broke and laughed at them. He calls himeelf Libertador, and the prisons and pontoors are full of citizene, arbitrarily put in irons. He styles himeelf soldier of the law, and without previona judgment deposes officials. Re, chief of a moral government, shows this vir- | tue not even in the tam in whish he publishes his | public acts. | What kind of despotism is, therefore, his? What is his system ¢ it is not tbe anti-Americrn one of Santa Anna, who frankly aspires to a crown; itis not the savage one of Koras, whe displayed all the euergy of brute force, in ordor to stitie, in streams of blood, invelli- gence and principle; it is not that of Carrera, who, eleva ed by the people, made bimself master of the aristocracy, in order to dominate over aristocracy and ; it is not the aristocratic one of Montt, nor the vain glorious one of Bepzu. What kind of despotism, therefore, is that of General Caetilla? Yo judge by bis character and antecedents, Gene- ral Castilla is @ despot, after the manner of a man who, being ignorant both of his duties and his rights, takes plensure in oppressing those who have the mis- fortune of being his subordinates in any shape. To judge by administration, we benvid but monstrous cont#PT ctions between his words and his acts ; between bis compromises and the manner of fulfilling them ; always contradictions, opposition, and discordance between the reality and his promise; between the theory and practice ; between a pro- giumme and its execution. And it cannot be oth- erwise, when one considers that the words came out ot the movtb of a revolutionist, and the acts ac- knowledge no other origin but the will of a despot. The name of bis country is always on his lips. Woen he appoints a chief in the army, he justifies bis election by saying that he is a patriot; and on the fellowing day he insults and deprives of hi place, expels, or puts in prison by caprice, anothe vellgererving evief who, with his blood, has sealed the independence of his country. He labors to give his country a constitution, and he is the first to show to others how to despise the laws, putting himself above them. Is there, perchance, an influential circle which opposes his will, croxées his good intentions, and renders sterile the efforts o: his patriotism? No; he says himself that he does not want ministers, bat mere clerks; and, in truth, it is his capricious will which commands. He boasts to be a patriot, liberal and tng he a0 and does nothing to justify his boasting; he not even tenders a Draieotne hand to the eligens youth, who, excluded from public office and left to aforced and pernicious leisure, without pes open pail or incitement, wear away without bringi forth any truit, if they do not employ their naturel por in doing evil, the road to doing good being clored to them. If he happens to do well, he does so by fits; the same applies to his doing ill, which cannot but ag- Ty the great reste: r Gen. Cas: To the great tyrants men are slaves; to Gen. - tilla they are mere tools. Louis XIV said, I’ Etat c’est,moi, to Gen. Castilla, Peru is his Navan Napoleon acknowledged laws only as able to fix the destinies of nations—and he gave laws. Gen. Castilla looks on laws as a cobweb, which be ordess to be woven that he may have the pleasure immedi- ately to break throngh it. From all this we may conclude that General Cas- trilla is a despot of caprice and by nature; and as flattery, Ee, work of blind fortune, has elevated him, he is flushed with pride, and con- de=cends to be the only man of Peru. We are, therefore, under a despotism without any fixed system—the worst possible despotism; expos- ed to a capricicus, obstina‘e will, which recognises no barrier, no counterpoise. Law isa Cig anf a meckery—the conven- tion, a matter of derision—the guarantees of the citizen. a lie—the republic, a dream. And thus we go on, and shall go on still fora long time. Tbe kind of government we bave wil! main- tain iteelf like a frail boat, which, although managed A an experienced hand, does not upset, because it ploughs the surface of a lake without tempest, with- out rock and shallows. - For, with our egotism, our apathy, our want of rebublican virtues, we have at iast converted Peru into a vast reservoir of stagnant waters, upon which the least in’elligent pilot can, without danger, con- duct the bark of his own interests. For, skeptical in politics, skeptical in religion, Poot pe in all and everything, we believe neither in God nor the aignity of man, nor the destiny of humanity; cheerful we walk, bent under the yoke, with eyes always fixed on that earth the bowels of which contain our desired Messiah—gold. For, in the heart of our youth, the chord of plea- sure is the only one which always is tuned and strongly vibrates at the least touch; and, therefore, this same youth laughs at patriotism, even the most eoored, ana lke chiidren piay With their own chuiux; greedy of emotions but incapable of action, they are, on the political theatre, satisfied with the mere parts of spectators, and believe to have done much when they have appeared as the retinue in one of those tragedies which, under the pompous title of evolution, are ill conceived and worse enacted. A Ecuador. THE PRESIDENTIAL CANVASS—GENERAL URBINA’S EL) TION! “ING TACTICS AND GENERAL RULE-- CIPLES INVOLVED IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL om El Liberal de Quito.) eneral Urbina purposes striking a st the sovereignty of the people, the national feeling and the honor of the govern- ment; it seems that he intends to neglect no means of realizing lis grand combinations and his plans for the future. Not satisfied with affording the scan- dalous spectacle of a it divan in his palace; with representing, amidst the people of a free and repub- lican continent, the parts of a sultan and auto- crat; not content with the services which phala: lic, with using all the resources of authority and employing all kinds of tricks familiar to him, in or- der to snatch from the people votes in favor of those who are, at one and the same time, successors and precursors; not this, he left the capital and set out on a visi —— public opinion an ene: Fosistanee, calling fora reform 0! and political jons. inte going on errands by'the chief of the State: this going visiting under circumstances when the nation is about to exercise one of the most solemn and important acts of her sovereignty, the election of the first magistrate, and when there are wan’ but a few days for this election to take place— this is an unheard of scandal and an act of impu- = — — Peyny did not dare > commit. eneral*Ur! by eedings, is truly jns- tifying the seribent fous and just alarms Vion the opposition has conceived him. Wh this rage against those wi ao not -~ port the candidate of the ministry? Where eflorts render un- and insure the supreme power! hi hn implacable hatred against the opposition’? tion perhaps a faction of foreigners, or of enemies of their country? Does the opposition pretend to elevate to the highest post in the national administration any stranger, or any Encadorian de- prived of his rights as a citizen and anti-liberal? Is the national honor, or the independent existence of the republic involved in the question of a candidate? ees times, General Urbina arl le attitude, his love for nationality; bat, qh om, » : endangered? ge, now, whether the ition had good reason for asserting that Gener Urbion pretended to move the nation like a machine, and to direct all her social power at his caprice. At present he obstinately follows the same ron- tine. Inflated with pride on account of his absolute domination for five years, he is not aware of the ae being awakened from their lethargy. The tering voice of servilicm which ly Te sound in his ears does not allow him to listen to the aes His eyes, bed spon ont A one bebolds nothing of what surrounds him; a to soar, and his soul, given closed to patriotiem, glory and a tions. Itis true the instinct of his ius pashes eevee ne clogs of bls egotlom always re- wretcheciness, but,'at last, the laster Genera Urbina thought his provinces to be sufficient to subjugate the public will to his own; he believed that in presenting him- serf in Guayequil and Cuenea, in jaence of the terror he tormerly had |, nothing would be able to resist him; @hat he Ton ao ie still deceived and ina state of lethar; u is words will penetrate to the core of al rts, and that be has only to miserably mistaken. for peop! dor, jealous of their rights and proud of their overeignty, do not allow themselves to be ruled lke mastiffs. by the cracking of a whip and the cries of their masters; he is mistaken, because the citizen electors, and all EBenadorian patriots will feel indignant in learning that the President of the republic has left the where the nation has placed him, to look after votes and to exercise a moral constraint over the free anffrage of the people; be is mistaken, becanse no Henadorian, of any national sentiment, wishes it to be said abroad that Fevador contains the herd of General Urbina; that there are no men in that country of patriote and braves who do not shake with fear aad bow lowly in presence of that General, and that it sufficed to hima to take a walk through the provinces, for the whole nation to be silenced and submit to his imperions will, Thns, the resnit of this coing on errands by Generar Urbine, will, doubtless, be the contrary of what he bas premired to himself; for many of ‘the electors, whe sre well disposed for the candidate- ship of General Robles, will not vote for him, for fear the finger of the people paint to them aa to the conquered, and lest, every where, ‘it ears should be filed with that terrible anat! —"* Be- hold those who have sold themselves, the miserable wretches who sacrifice their convictions to an igao- | bie fear—who sacrifice to their egotism the interests of their country, snd to whom the voice of a mana is more ertol than that of mature, liberty and duty.” Th of General Urbina, like that of all men blinde®py power and upon whose command fortune has +mile®, consists in being willing to speak to, and to manage people always in the sane manner. Their presumptuousness misleads them; they believe circumstances to move on at their wiil, and measure the present and the future by the past. Allis moving around them, and they are not aware of it 80 jong asthe basis of their authority is preserved firm; ail things change; and they do not perceive apy of th se changes. for the fumes of glory, adula- Sign and power, which encircle them, intercept their | view. | General Urbina thinks the whole nation of Ecua- | dor to be still asleep in his arms, and he continues to | lull her sleep; he believes still to act on a people | whom his former love of nationality made bear his oppression, and that in the same manner as this peonre rove at his voice to fight the ‘foreigner, they | ikewise will rise today to fight against the cham- | pions of liberty, even ‘their tribunes. Therefore he | obstinately continues in bis work of annoying the | people with bis cries of command, which’ are lost | among the sullen murmurs of general discontent. We are sincere in saying that we are sorry to see | General Urbina engaging himself in so improper a | manrer in an electioneering question; being waut- | ng to himeelf, to his post and to the nation; actin, contrary to all kinds of consideration, and descen ng to represent a part unworthy of the high place he occupies; we feel sorry, because we see the honor of the government sullied and the national sovereignty attacked; we feel also sorry for General Urbina. be- cause, a8 a magistrate, he ought in this matter to have observed a cautious conduct, whilst what he is now doing by his intrigues, unworthy of the chief of a republican State, is augmenting the motives of complaint, and provoking against himself the popu- Jar indignation; and we feel sorry for it, because whatever his blunders and errors may have been, we always sball be indeb ed to him for the period of | peace he has vouchsafed us, and acknowledge his efforts for the triumph of our national independence. In the meantime, the great day of the republic is approaching, the day which will either perveaie a past foll of miseries, and show out a stormy and gloomy future, or which will be the dawn of @ brilliant time to come. The question is not, as some believe, that of a simple candidate; it is that of liberty or slavery, of progress or retrocession, of life or death for the country; it is not now a question of a term of command, but of the future of the republic; it is not a struggle for ele- vating to the position of first magistrate of State this or that citizen, but it is the one struggle for regenerating the political condition of the nation and for improving her institutions; or for enthron- fe the ominous power of oligarchy and absolutism. It is a struggle, not for names, but for principles and between opposite systems. Both the genius of liberty and slavery soar over the sky of Ecuador, fighting for domination in the coun- try of Rocafueite and Olmedo. Citizen electors! to which of these—that of liberty, or that of slavery, will you give your suffrages? Address of Hon. L. M. Keltt, TO THE VOTERS OF TBE THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DIS- TRICT LW SOUTH CAROLINA. [From che Charleston Mercury, July 25.) Fellow Citizens 1 have deemed it my duty to re- sign my seat in the Con,ress of the United States, and to appeal to you from the decision of a black re- publican and ab: ition majority there. With the cir- cumstances connected with the punishment of Mr. Sumner, of Massachusetts, by Col. Brooks, you are familiar. My connection with that punishment has invoked the censure of eseenmens majority in the House, and from that lution of censure I have appealed to my constituents. t is true, 1 am indifferent to the opinions of the individual members who passed the resolution; but their recorded act, from their official position, ac- quires an importance I should by no means attibute to their judgment under other circumstances. You tuo, I am convinced, are indifferent to the individual opinious; but you will feel that when they are im- pressed up@n the records of the coun, they ac: quire something of grayjty. Under all the circum. stances, as the exp! disapprobation of the House will live upon the records of our legislation, I have deemed it due to you, and just to myself, to transmit with it the recorded approbation of my constituents. 1am willing that posterity shall judge between the disapprobation of a black republican and abo- lition jority, and the approbation of my con- stituents. I submit the closing remarks which I made in the House on resigning my seat, as somewhat more ex- patos of the motives which have influenced me in the course I have pursued:— Now, sir, Ihave to perform the Inet act in this logis ony. A majority in this House bas passed a n © censure on me. For what? Because I did not turn public informer. Informer against whom? Agoinst my then colleague (Sr. Brooks)—against my friend, my bosom friend, and as tbe black republican jourvals have charged complicity on my part and a con- spiracy, 1 will eay—informer against my State? What, sir! turn public informer against my colleague, against my friend, against my State’ Sir, those whe wish be galvanized into walking satires upon honor, and decency, and fidelity, may turn informe:s; 1 never shall. turn informer in fayer of whom’ A man who bas slau- dered my State and one of ber most distinguished and trusted sons (Judge Butler). Sir, I knew that my colleague intended to punish the Sevaior from Massachusetts (Mr. Sumner) “unless he apologized. I knew he would punish him, for he told me so, and he always performs what be attempts. I did not know, however, when or where the punishment would be inflicted ; and I did not anticipate its infliction in the Senate Chamber. Had I anticipated that act of justice Sent should have been still nearer the scene of action jan I waa. Sir, the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. Sumner) had slandered South Carolina and one of her distinguished Senators (Jucge Butler). Sir, he had slandered a man dear to my State (Judge Butler); aman whose name ia interwoven with her history; a map in whose veius flows only patriotic blood, and whose family escutcheon is bound with jaurels won on many a field. Sir, when this man slandered—this man distinguished by dignity ees, by service _ reputation—this 8 trange blood of a kineman should run swiftly and boil ap with indignation agaivet the #landerer? Sir, had my colleague acted otherwise than he did he would have deserved contempt. There are wrongs, sir, for the redress of which no ap- peal can be made to a buman tribunal. Wounded honor cap pever be retrieved by an attorney; nor can manly pride be we'ghed in legal scales. My colleague redreased & Wrong to bis blood and his State, and he did it ina fair and manly way. Sir, in the feudal code of chivalry—the only code of chivalry the wit of man has ever constructe—the chur! was never touched with the knightly eword; his person was muleted by the quarter-staff. Sir, what a spectacle has this House presented to the works! The adherents of Mr. Sumner say, we hold « man's person sacred, but bis reputat on out of the of protection. We, on the other hand, say that the charac- ter is Sacre i without it, a man’s person is not worth protecting. Sir, let us go to the country on this issue: Sanctity of character on the one side, and impunity to slander on the other. I ask, again, sir, did this House expect me to turn in former! Inforn er sir, against my colleague and intimate {rier d'—and that too, in favor of a sianderer. Sir, of all haracters, save that of the informer, the slanderer is most desqucable. Even after he shall have breathed the supreme breadth of bis hideous life—for cold blooded ond measured slander is moral hideousness—even for the worms ftly battening on his diegraced remains, cven af- ter the flesh that wraps him shail have dissolved away and mingled with the tainted earth--even then will tory select his name from among the dishonored names of earth, and condemoa it in stereotyped infamy, to live among her most withering records. Sir, whoever wishes to be pilloried in dishonor may tarn \nformer—never will 1. Ifthe constitution only protects the sianderer it is worthiees. If ite wgis is only thrown around a man’s bedy of flesh, whiJe his character, which is immortal, is left to be blurred and stained, and sullied by obscenity then the Nghtieg of an indignant nd consume it. ir, never will | submit to , bor will I betray confidence. For the individual opinions of those who have the resolution of censure, | care nothing. For their offi- cial opinion formally recorded | have a proper sensitive ness, From this recorded act of a majority here, almont entirely black repuotican and abolition, 1 shall appeal to my constituents. I sball appeal to those who hold cha. racter eacred, and among whom honor is maintained. 1 shail appeal 'to a constituency to whom are given our revolutionary records, as the primer of learning is given to infancy, to turn over its leaves, Hike those of an lim. trated volume; for those who bave mastered the horn- book of fame and the alphabet of patriotism may decide upon the character of an act. 1 have only now to add that | have placed my resigna- tion in the hands of my colleague (Gov, Afken), to wk effect when | make |he announcement upon thia floor, and that be bas already transmifted it to the Governor of the State of South Carolina, , that the Hon. Mr. Edmundson, of Vir- the Committee, but was relieved from it by the vote of the House, making it more pointed and em 4 egainst me, and thereby also confining it to th Carolim. The isaue which the black repub- licans have presented I have felt it my duty to ac- cept, and I have transferred it from an abolition House to my Congressional district. 1 have written this address beeanse it would be impossible for me to visit more than one district befcre the time at which the election is ordered, and vecense there are also ions of the district which could not visit with mfety at this period of tne Inow remit the whole matter to yon, m, € itnents, for your approval or disapprov:l. have the honor to be, &c., Lavrasoe M. Kerrt. Wasninoton, 17th July, 156. Supreme Court—In Chambers, Betore How. Junge Whiting Iery WI the Matter of the International Insurance Compory —Order tor Attorney General to show cause, on bth August, why order appointing receiver should not be vacated, and staying action on part of rece! er, One of the California Extles, {From the New Orleans Delta, June 22.) JOHN CROWE AND THF SAN FRANCISCO V1GIL ANCE COMMITTEE. The following card explains {teelf, end goes te show, that however laudible the original purpose, and however just the leading acts of such an extra- ordinary tribunal as the Vigilance Committee of San Francisco, it 18 liable to abuse its authority, and, in individual instances, at least, to run into the ex- treme of persecution, oppression and cruelty. We are entire! Le geweme of what Mr. Crowe may have done, or what character he may have borne in Cali- fornia, though every ove 's presumed to be innocent until the contrary is shown, or at least charged, and we have seen no ¢! e yet made against him of criminal conduet in Celiornia. But ic appears that Mr. Crowe was peremptorily ordered out of Ca- lifornia by the Vigilance Committee, not in conse- quence of any act committed there, but because he from for offeuces committed in New Orleans; and the card below is intended to prove the ivjustice of his summary expulsion, by showing, from the records of the Criminal Court, that no charge ever existed in this city sgainst him; by publishing the certificate of some of our most respectable citizens, including the Mayor, the Judge of the Fourth Dis- trict Court, the late Judge of the First Districe Court, the Sheriff and several city and police offi- cers, to his uniform character for honesty and indus- try while he resided in this city; and, lastly, by pro- ducing from the files of the New Orleans Delta an offical advertisement of Columbia Fire Compan: No. 5, to the effect that his accuser really did forfeit his good character in New Orlean:, by misappro- priating the funds of the company while Secretary of the same. His case is well presented, and appears to be fully made out. We commend the card to perusal, for the benefit of all it may concern. The Committee will doubtless reconsider their hasty ac- tion, as they must come to the conclusion that no such certificate as that published below could have been procured, if Mr. Crowe had labored under any criminal charge or suspicion in this city, which was assigned as the reason for his expulsion. A CARD TO THE PURLIC. The people of New Orleans are aware that I ar- rived here on the last trip of the Damel Wester fromm Sen Francisco, being one of those ordered to leave the latter city by its “ Vigilance Com uitee,” and that I was arrested on my arrival here, but romptly released and honorably discharged by the rder of the First district when brought vefore him, there being no charge it me. Against the members of the San F Vivilance Com- mittee, when first or ronized, I have nothing to say; nor do I impugn their totives, however widely good men may differ as to the propriety of such an orga- nization, under any circumstances, in a country ee sumed to be governed by laws enacted and sanction- ed by the people themselves. That the Vigilance Committee, however, trom being at first a body of well meaning men, soon became an instrument of private vengeance, a secret conclave of despots, te whose lawless banners some of the vilest and most abandoned charavters in San Francisco flocked, is @ fact that no decent man in San F; will now question. When I left there, it was only neces- sary for some of the wretches composing it to point out or aries man inthe city,no matter what might be his calling or his antecedents, and he had to quit the city at the sacrifice of his Property and his business, or be the means of shedding the blood of hundreds of innocent men, by bon ok ree ry horiies | was ates use 8 significant phrase, as a fugitive conflict between his triends and the civil aut! on the one side, and the forces of the Vi, mittee on the other. When ordered to leave, I pre- ferred to doso rather than to be a party to the latter alternative. I was accused of no crime by the Vigi- lance Committee. No member of that pretend- ed to charge me with the commission of any act un- worthy of a att d law abiding citizen during “y residence in California. No; J was charged wit being a Satine from justice from New Orleans! And who, think you, was my sole accuser? Why, a fellow, a member of the Comimittee, named John W. Whaling, himself one of the most notorious char- acters in California—a feliow well krowa to the people ot New Orleans, as one of the most despica- le wretches that ever left it; who was formerly the Jie rad in profligacy unter,” in the disgraceful “Model Artist” ex- hibitions in this city, and who crowned his exploits in New Orleans by running away with the funds of Fire Company No. 5, of which company he was then a member, as will be seen by the official pabli- cation of the company, in the Delta of the 4th of September, 1449, published below. For the people of New Orleans, who have known me from childhood, I consider a defence of my cha- racter unnecessary. In justice, however, to friends in California, and to those members of the Vigilance Committee who urged me to visit New 8 to obtain proof of my innocence of the Fst against me by Whaling, and who pledged themselves that they would be the first to welcome me back if my innocence were proved, L have deemed it my duty to procure the follow’ authenticated record from the First district or Cri- minal Court of this city, and the endorsement of my character, signed by some of the most prominent private citizens, officials and members of the police who would be most likely to know if I ever had been charged of any crime during a long residence in Louisiana. Joun Crows. State of Louisiana, Parish of Orleans, Firat District Court New Orleans.—I, Norbert Tre- pa r, Clerk of the First District Court of New rleans, do hereby certify that I have examined the dockets of this court from June, 1546, to July 14, 1856, and that [have not found any indictmeat or information filed or registered in the aforesaid dock- of the once notorious “Dr. ets against John Crowe. In testi whereof I have set my hand and the seal of our said Court at New Orleans, this 15th of July, in the year of our Lord oue thousand eight hundred and fif:y-six, and the eighty-first year of Independence ot the United States of America. N. Tagraonise, Clerk. I, John B. Robertson, sole Judge of trict Court of New Orleans, do certify that ris Clerk of the said Norbert Conrt, and that the signature N. Trepagnier, Clerk, tu the fore- going ficate is in the we handwriting of of him, the said Clerk, and to official acts, aa such, full faith and credit are due and owin, and T = certify that his attestation is in due form of we Given under om Boag and eeal, at the city of New Orleans, on this 16th day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty six, and ot the Independence of the United States of Ameri- ca the eighty-first. Jno. B. Rosenrson, Judge. The New Maritime Law. (Correspondence of the Public Ledger.) The A of Secretary Marty eis Preveh e Answer las to Propeottion to Surrender the Hight of Privateers in Time of War—Argument Favor of Retaining the Right, and Not Assent- ing to the Terms of the Paris Convention which are Proposed in Solidum. Governor 's State on maritime law, and the of the Unie ate in oar to the mariti convention lately conc! in Powis and the leading Hy 2 i i ®: all powers, ti ¥ ald cost onceak which wou Orne right to arm a the right of ailing out tthe men being in fact the naval with this difxence only, that they wait till attecked, but seek the enemy all the globe, and by destroy! his at the very nervous rerum think Gov. Marey’s will exhanst and will prove cone! ~ of the Hoe on ee Pe it was an ieacy on the part rance not to allow England to press the She was certainly able, witha greater show of disinfetestedness, to the matter let T doubt whether any adm wall dare to surrender evch a powerln! means of and defence as the arming of privateers is Puro- pean Power, or to ali of them put together, Prams sutra, Hollond, Belginm, and all the other nificont vave!l Powers merely do so as the py pe | their compere bat United ere & o cif rent position. We are a growing with the largest commercial marine of an; on the clcbe (exceeding now the of Great Briten) ond to lay “or tine of war ond enffer them to rot would be an‘oct of great folly and nin#y, utterly ot variance with the worltte spirit of ovr people and magingya. = li : i i i E i a