The New York Herald Newspaper, July 25, 1856, Page 2

2 a NEW PUBLICATIONS, Bouks Received up to July 22. Horton's Life of Buchanan, Parton's Humorous Poetry of the English Lan- mBoage } A New Chapter of the Early Life of Washington. | Commodore Perry's Expedition to Japan. Vau Saatvoord’s Discou'ses and Miseellanies. Treveures of the Old Chest. Biomwell’s History of Immigration. Cousin Nicholas, The Wanderer. Heien i ineoln. Incidents in White Mountain History. ‘he Penetralia; or Answers to Important Ques- tions, by Andrew Jackson Davis. Berenice. The Hireling and the Slave—a poem. NAkkatIve OF THE EXPEDITION OF AN AMERICAN SQUADRON TO THE CHINA SEAS AND JAPAN, UN- DER THE COMMAND OF Commopore M. C. Perry. 4 Praneis L. Hawks, D.D., LL.D. Appleton & 0. The interest excited by the appearance of this , book has been fully satisfied by its merits. Com- piled from the journals of the principal off- cers of the expedition, by two gentlemen skilled in the preparation of works of a similar character—Dr. Hawks and Dr. Robert Tomes—it could hardly fail to prove a most in- teresting and instructive narrative. The editors have sought to give it a still higher value, by throw- ing into it all that their extensive reading and dili- gent researches could find cognate to the subject. Thos, in the introduction we have resumed into the space of about a hondred pages all that had been knewn or written about Japan down to the period of Commodore Perry's first visit. This was, indeed, jm some degree necessary to the proper understand- We of the objects of the expedition; butin less prac- ticed hands it would have failed to inspire the same degree of interest and satisfaction which we derive from the labors of he gentlemen to whom the task was entrusted. Of the main body of tae work we are enabled to speak in the same spirit of con- tentment. Considering the vast mass of materials which they had to digest and the limited time which they oce din the process, we think that the editors of the narrative are fairly entitied to the thanks of the publi and diseri- mivation which they have manifested in its prepa- ration. The velume is magnificently illustrated from sketches taken by artists attached to the squadron, and both to the eye and to the mind it reatizes ali that we could desire in the narrative of one of the most interesting and important expedi- tions that bas left our shores for the last half eeutory. Lire anp Puriic Servicrs or James Buewanay, By R. G. Horton. Derby & Jackson. The biographical literature of America is taking an extension greater than that of European ¢oun- tries, and greater; perhaps, than is useful. No sooner is 2 man broagh: in any way prominently he- fore the public than a dozen presses are ready to chronicle bis sayings and doings, even to minn- tiv that might often be dispensed with. Men in eur time rise to fame less through their own efforts than through the labors of others. If they cannot achieve greatness themselves, they have only to keeu quiet and allow disinterested friends to thenst upon them. The remark is, of course, intended for genera! application. In cases like the present we recognise the utility of having as full informa tion a6 possible regarding the career of those public men who come before us as candidates for our suf- frages. The present life of Mr. Buchanan, though a fall ene as regards his political acts, is only so in a one-sided sense. Written for electioneer- ing purposes, it cannot be expected to give that fair and impartial view of his conduct since he entered upon public life which the posthumous biographer is bound to present. As, however, the journals opposed to the democratic nominee will not fail to supply these /acunes in Mr. Horton's narrative, it is not necessary for us to dwell more particularly on its deficiencies. Viewed in the ight of a record of the political events with whi h Mr. Bachanan was associated during his long po litical career, the book has some utility. As an aide- memoire to the gratitude of hia countrymen, how- ever, we apprehend that it will have but little value. We are too much accustomed to sift the corn from the chaff in political life to accept fine sounding ‘words or professions as substitutes for facts. The history of public men is to be read in their condact, snd not in the fulsome panegyrics of interested ad- mirers. Pe | Jouw Hatrrax, Genrtemax. Harper Brothers Since the appearance of “ Jave Eyre,” that won- | derful prodaction whose universality of success proved | What however $end tasies may differ, there is “bat one langaaye t et on reach the heart, we hare | met with no novel that can be at all compared with it in power and earnestness of feeling, In Jabn Halifax there is a greater elevation of pur | ». ond with an almost equal capacity to move our « ‘hatof Miss Bronte; the aims of its writer | dn range, and are calculated to re beneficiai influence upon society. | scenes in this book which are painted w: and force which have never been sur which, with a l:tile more unity of plan te author to the very highest place ts. As it is,no one can scinated by the beauty of its and moved to ermost a Halifax isa wil! attain more than an ephe- eral popularity. Hesoxovs Porray or tae Exeuisa Lavavace prom Caavcer TO Saxe. By J. Parton. Mason, Brothers. This collection ia ove that has long been wanting. It gives us the humor without the sentiment of the poets, which, by the millions of onimagi- t verna pati © m who can comprehend a joke, but have no te r more spiritaal emanations, will be re- yer ae an acceptable boon. The fact is to be Jame «at as it cannot be altered, Mr. Parton has done ‘he next best thing, by offering to this large clare r-aders a volume that they can appreciate. Swcckes’s Lore or Farwoxt. Miller, Orton & Mu ligan, This is a concisely written and interesting biogra- phy of the man upon whom the eyes of the Ameri- can people are now centering, as the truest repre sentative of that enlightened and progressive spirit ‘which has made them what they are, So little is known of Mr. Fremont beyond those brilliant achievements asan explorer, which have given him a world wide fame, thot it became necessary to satisfy the fresh interest excited by his candidacy by the publication ot a volume giving some fuller details of his past career. Those who will take the trouble to read this biography, will se that the spontaneity of conviction which has fixed upon the Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains as the futare re- generator and reformer of our governmental system, is founded apon broader and juster grounds thao his opponents are disposed to admit. Urnaw’s Inivernaten Lire or Prexont. nor & Fields, Roston. The biographers of Mr. Fremont seem to be legion—no «mall test of his fast growiax popularity. ‘The life before us is carefully compiled, and has the advantage over the one just noticed, of being pro- fusely illustrated. Bexton’s Tarrty Years ts tax Usirep States Sexate. Appleton & Co, ‘The second and concinding volume of this inte- resting work is now before the public. it fully Tick- | of their unimportance. A perusal of the volume be- | which we have not been previously acquainted. | facts which put to shame their impadent us: p- tions. the connection of Washington with the Potomac Company which were not known and accessible to his earlier biographers; and that they have not cared to make greater use of them is prima facie evidence fore us satisfies us that it supplies nothing with Tos New Rar anp Sream Guroe ror raz Unt vep Srarks anp Canapas. Appleton & Co. This is an admirably compiled ang most usefal travelling guide, published monthly ander the sa- pervision of the railway companies. It supplies a want which has been universally felt. HELEN Tancoty, A Tale by Carrie Capron. Har- per & Broth This is a simple, truthfully told story, with a high moral purpose and a child like faith in the perfecta- bility of human nature. The writer is evidently young, judging from the freshness of feeling dis- played in her work, and to most persons this will prove its greatest attraction. History oy Lmieration ro tre Unitep Srares, FROM Suvvempcr 30, 1819, ro Deoemser 31, 1855. By William J. Bromwell. Redfield. This ompilation is a most acceptable contribu- tion to our statistical literature. It ig the work of Mr. Bromwell, who, for many years has been at- tached to the Department of State, and who has consequently had the fullest opportunities of acquir- ing correct information on the subject of immigra- tion. It is prefaced by an introductory review of the progress and extent of immigration to this country prior to 1819,and in an appendix are given the naturalization and passenger laws, together with extracts from the laws of the several States rela- tive to immigrants, the importation of paupers, con- viets, lunatics, Ke., Ke, Tne Wanprrer, A Tare or Lire’s Victssrrunes, Py the author of “fhe Watchman,” “O!d Doc- tor,” &c. E. D. Long. This is a cleverly written tale, full of striking situations, occasionally bordering on the startling The scene is partly laid in New York and partly in England. The writer seems to be familiar with every phase of life in both countries, and has tarned his knowledge to account in some powerful delinea- tions of the substrata of English and American so- ciety. The story is one that is likely to be popular with novel readers in general. Incients cx Waite Mounrarn Scenery. By the Rev. Benj.G. Willey. Nath’l Noyes, Boston. This is a charming little book, redolent of the fresh atmosphere and beantifel scenery which it des cribes,and sparkling with the genial humor and joyous spirits which they usually inspire. We know no ple ter companion to take into the country at this sevson of the jearthan Mr. Willey’s volume. Opinien at the South on the Brooks Case— the Buchanan Party In Favor of Dis- union. [From the Charlesten (8. C.) Mereary, July 21.) Whatever difvrences of opinion may prevail apon other pomts, all will agree that Mr. Brooks, by his castigation of Sumner, has given to the public, North ane South, a spell of very intense excitement. Newspapers ang oraters have rekindled their genius the theme, while fanaticiem has min, its ks for treedom” wits the pitiable bleatings of poor Sumner. The whote affiir has been most opportune. In the first place, Mr. Brooks has ac- quired, throngbout the State and South, a wider popularity than speeches and votes ia Congress could ever have gre him. He has, from the first, cond: 1 bmself with good taste, good judgment, and goed spirit. His letter to the Senate, his speech in cocrt. and, finally, his effort in the House, have all been characterized by these qualities. He will be received by his constituency with open arms, and sent in triamph back, to confront, and, if need be, we trust. to punish, the enemies and calum- niators of bis State and tne South. In the nex: place, it has contributed greatly to the anion of Sot en men in Congress e do not remember any which bas been so generally and heartily approved, from Maryland to Texas, as Mr. Summer's castigetion; and unanimity of senti- cted upon their repre- gton. On the other hand, the in every quarter of the North sare feeling of unanimity representatives; %nd the result is, of sectionalism have been drawn ver before, to the disgust of party ¢ satisfaction of troe nen in the South. coot ony cvent which makes common cause at the Sovth, ond furahocows hur destiny as a s purets ond independent propte. lt has also contributed to a more complete vindi- cation of the Revolutionary fame and history of South Carclina than waa ever before made in Con- eres. The discussion has not only exposed the false assumptions of the North, of superiorty during the Revolutioa, but convicted them, by every kind of testimony, that of George Washing- ton himself, of supineness, cupidity and cowardice. It has shown that Sumner, Woodruff, and Comins, and Burlingame, are not the degenerate sons of noble sires, but the true and lineal descend- ants of the braggarts and cowards of the Revolation. Th ig bes ot Messrs, Butler and Evans, and the complete und conclusive speech of Mr. the conclusion of which we shali publish to condemn, tor the naal of the North, Bet Somper, and his champions in the House, lesers. Pennington, Burlingame, Comins, and Woodruff, will cherish no very pleasant memories of the aflair. The former is dead in the esteem of every man not a poltroon, North and South, He has been perronally branded, morally disgraced, and politically exposed, a4 a willo) falsitier of truth in the Senate. We cannot belleve that any amount of fanatical «ympathy or party clap-trap can sve such a man from the living death of infamy aud de- testation which he so well merits. Wherever man- hood is prized and truth admired, the name of Charles Semner will descend upen the lips of men, from father to son, a8 the perfect synonyme of cow- ardice and bareness, May such be the end of every calumnietor of South Carolina. And what of Sumner’s champtone, those valorous knights, who pranced so gallantly on the plaia, and, like the army in Flanders, ‘‘swore terribly!” At the sound of the trumpet they dashed into the ring, and, at the appearsnce of the foe, dashed ou. again. L'ke their great prototype in the Senate, their courage exbansted itself in empty blastering, and, like hin, ve Leen branded with the mark of infamy. ampions of New England fanaticiam! Fit slanderers of Sowth Carolina! Whither had fled the spirit of Bunker's Hill, upon the shadow of which New England has been living for three-quarters of a century, that among all her rampant represen- tatives there could not be found one to redeem it from dishonor? Bot this case of Mr. Brooks has bronght out an- other fect to which we cannot shat oar = A merely personal quarrel has been elevated into all the imiportence ot a sectional question, and given an igpulte to fenativiem unknown before. It has 4d a pretext for ancther and more palpable exhibition of the tendencies of the government to wards lawlessness and sbaelutiem. A majority of the House of a ives sustain Mr. Sumuer in his abuse of Pt ge of debate, while it also holds the rod of panishment over the citizen who hesitates to violate lils private conliden es or refases to turn eny and informer. What vecomes of repat- lican government—what of the liberties of the citi- zen— when a majority in Congress neurps such ty- rannical powers? No right, whether personal or jitieal, is safe in the keeping of a government ike this. It wants only the power to trampls in like manner upon States as well ae individuals, and to sulject everything to its caprictoas, ancontrolied will. It is, in fact, the government, not ot law bat of the mob, swayed to and fro by the mad passions of the boar, submission to which, instead of par- chasing forbearance, only invites further outrage and humiliation. ” The crops, as far ered we learn, are y large, but those «till standing ind ap- proaching maturity are suffering at present from the drought. The wheat, rye and hay crops are con- siderally larger than lact year, and the recent fine weather has been of great benefit in gathering them. In the country, however, much necessity exists for tain, and the potato and other crops will he de- strayed onless relieved. In Sussex and Warren counties there has heen no rain, except one or t +o | short showers, for more than fonr weeks, and the ind is very dry. The corn, though get: i thos far well, is now needing moisture will be a total failure. The wheat and rye crop las escaped the fly, and aleo the wet weather, which nearly destroyed the rye crop in Sussex county last ir, from its sprouting after Maw | and stacking. agricultora) prospects generally are very en- couraging, and in case of rain would fully meet the most sanguine ©: Newark Advertiser, July Us. Maintains the bigh character which the first at- tained, and will remain a lasting monument of the industry, energy and patriotiam of ite author, m THe Barny A New Chartre Lire oF Wasmixetos. By Johi Picwell. Appieton & Co. The title of this book is a taking one, but ite mat er scarcely justifies it. There are but few fact A Weeters Srrie.—in New Albany, Indiana, the ship carpenters and laborers in the ship yards, have struck for an wages, Tweae who were receiving #1 2 y atrnck for $1 those receiving $1] those receiving ing $2 for 2250. The for and those rece e e to the 25, 1856. NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, JULY Our Washington Correspondence. Wasurneron, July 22, 1856. The Second Meeting of the Democratic Caucus— Constitution of the Body—Measures Resolved upon to Raise the Wind—Ojjiceholders to be Heavily Assessed—An Imperium in Imperio— Rumored Bankruptcies Amongst the Vigilance Committee in San Francisco— Fremont in Peun- sylvania— Fillmore in Virginia, §c., §c- The faithful alone were allowed admission to the select national caucus at its second meeting on Sa- turday evening last. Some forty-five or fifty made up the company of democratic regulators, and these were chiefly composed of Senators and members of the House. It was agreed upon thas the committee should, at no time, wumber more than sixty-two members, besides the officers, which are to consist of a President, Secretary and Treasurer. Each memver ofthe committee is privileged to employ a correspondixg clerk, who is to be paid from the fands of the'Vommittee. The post of Treasurer, I learn, will be offered to the Washington banker, Mr. Riggs. The draft of a tircular iatended for distribution throughout the country was presented and accepted. It calls upon the heatis of Custom Houses and Post Offices, for information as te the number of persons in government employ who are under them, with the amount, according to the value of the office, that each can be assessed, and the total of the ‘um to be relied upon by the committee for the months of August, September and October. It is provosed to tex the Collectors, Sarveyors, Navy ier and officers, bo Tan? « gees ya ict Attorneys ot the print‘ cities sum 0! #1,500 each, and their deputies $500 more, This, at first, was thought to be too small an assessment, when a majority of the offices thus assessed would, in all probability, be held by the present incambents for four years longer under Buchanan's ad: ra. tion. This objection was finally removed ny one of the members setting forth that an eqaail amount would have to be paid by these officers to the demo- cratic treasury of their Statesand cities. These officers are to be drawn upon without fur- ther notice for the amount which they are assessed, and which they will be expected to pay upon re- ceipt of the assessing circular. The names of parties refusing are to be registered in the journal of the committee. The object in naming just sixty two members is that each State shall be under the imme- diate ree es two of the members, who are empowere open a correspondence with tbe. head men ot the cities, dis- tricts and counties of their State, as they shall think best for the advancement of the demo- cratic cause. The pecuniary condition of each State to carry on the election with effectiveness, will by such means be ascertained, and money will be promptly turnished where it may be required, by drafts upon Riggs’ or some other bauk of this city. This Committee will remain in Washi: til! the first of November. It is farther resolved upon, to obtain an accurate list of every paper pab- lished in the States, the politics of each, their in- tiuence, and a3 faras convenient, their pecuniary condition. From this it will be seen that a central organization is about to be f rasgriong of the most formidable character, politically, that has ever been founded in this country. It will be almost unlimited in its pecaniary resources, while it will have the power to penetrate into a political nook and corner ot the Union, and will possess itself of ail necessary political information I shall shortly be able to furnish you with a copy of the Committee's circular, and the names of members, as far as have been decided upon. There are extroordi rumors whispered of ordinary heavy private bankruptcies in California; the prin- pai parties are said to be among the leading mem- vers of the Vigilance Committee. Those whose names I have heard wentioned, are the most actave in continuing the existeuce ot the present orginiza- tion. This may be nothing but conjecture, or inten- tional misrepresentation; but the report has, never- theless, its believers. It is thought that the next steamer will furnish particulars. A letter was }ead to me to-day, from Judge Mc- Lean, in which he says that the “united German res dents” of the western sections of Pennsylvania, will vote almost unanimously for Fremont. He pie- die’s the State for Fremont by over thirty thousand mojority. Few would doubt even the probabilites of suob'a result against Buchanan in his own State; but what wonld you think when Virginians set down their Suate for Fillmore ? The thing is actually done. ond bets are offered freely that the Wise ma- jority tur Governor will be reduced one-half. Wasnrnoron, July 23, 1856. Maiden Speech of Mr. Otero, one of the Represen- tatives from New Merico—lWashington Scan- dal—Mr. Hale's Speech on the Brooks Affair— The Pacific Railroed—Treasury Recommenda- tions for the Amendment of the Tariff, §c., §c. ‘The appearance of Mr. Otero, to-day, on the floor of the House of Representatives, attracted consi- derable attention, and members crowded around to hear this young native of New Mexico, who now contests the seat of Mr. Gallego as delegate from that distant Territory. That portion of his speech relating to the corraption of the Catholic priests of his country, prior to the installation of the present presiding Bishop, was listened to with great iute- rest. The padres, he said, were the ruling spirits of gambling houses and drinking saloons, and wer éebesed with all manver of crime. {hese priests fell under the ban of the present Bishop, who re- placed them with better men. Ife also made a clear statement as to the condition of political parties in New Mexico. one the Mexican, We other the Ame- rican party. = T gave no name in connection with the item of Washington roundel furniebed in a late letter, and wae tnclined to believe that no honorable gentleman would sdmit the corp, and acknowledge himself aggrieved. Yet in this I was mistaken, as a note was received carly this egg manding e retraction, 98 the iten upon the private character of the author ot the note. If this gentleman ia willing to have his vome appear with a retraction, it will be made with great pleasure, particularly if he will secount for bis Lelef that he was the honorable M. C. alluded to. The speech of the Hon. R. I. Hail, of Massacha- setts. on the Grooks affair bas been extensiveiy oi. culated, and is pronounced a mode! specimen of an argiwent—logical, chaste and classiv parte. Mr. Hall was one of the very few of Northern men who were cis oved ty view the questions as they presented themeclves, unbiased by a blind preja- tice. : “The whereabouts of Mr. Burlingame excites not a litdle curiosity. ry one you meet inquires, with 4 lough, whether Vurlingame is en route for the Clifton Howse. His position excites the sympathy of bis real friends, though they are aware that he has unfortunately oy driven to it by pretended nd designing frends, . ‘The Pacific Ratiroad bill, I fear, Mer be —s by a clashing of private and « ing There way be po rich developments before the session closes. Look out for the engine. Mr. Guthrie asks further lertslation to prevent the undervaluation of goods imported. I send int a copy of his letter on the su , and the bill he recommends :— UNDERVALUATION OF MERCT TAK UNITED STATES—TREAST FOR THE AMENDMENT OF THY TARTFY. Teeaseey Deranturst, daly 22, 1856. S1r:—1 have the honor to recommend additional legisiation with a view of more effectually prevent- the undervaluation of merchandise, ured ¢g wine than by purchaee, and im into the nited Stxtes. ‘The tariff act of Avgurt 90, 1842, levied an addi- tional duty of fifty cent on the regular rate on imported merchandise found oy a it to have been undervalued in the invoice by ten per cent or more. Tt has been always held by this bo ey that this additional duty was teviable on ali found undervalued to that extent, whether belonging'to the manufacturer, producer, or toa party who ac- quired the same by porchase or otherwise. The tariff act of 1#46 levies an additional daty of a ord cent for undervaluation, but expressly limite to merchandise procured by actual pur- hase. r This oy og? hee always held that the act of 1846 repeals the act of 1942 in the particulars and IMPORTED INTO to the extent only in which their provisions conflict; and as the act of 1846 cxprealy for undervatuation of purchased only, goods pro- cured otherwise than by purc! were still, under the act Poy liable for ay pon to the ad- dition of cent on t ey . The law wy, lace understood, this department has endeavored to enforce. Several of the Circuit Courts of the United States have, in cases adjadi- cated by them, taken a different view of the provisions of the act of 1842, and have decid- ed that the provisions respecting the additional daty for undervaluation in that act, as well as the provisions of the act of 1846 on the same subject, relate solely to purchased merchandise: an though the Supreme Court of the United States has not directly decided that question, similar views of the law have been intimated in one of the opinions of thet tribonal. 4a the law now stands, therefore rnction which the cgurts appear in upon th med t con. give to it, the foreign manufacturer or producer is not subject to ap additions! duty for undervaluation. The importer who purchases in the foreign market, ' and imports into the United States, is. The foreign | manofacturer or producer, in any estimates he may choose to try upon the public ‘revenue by under- valued invoices, runs no risk of additional daty, to which his competitor (the American merchant), who purchases his imports abroad, is exposed. This discrimination against the domestic importer, ia favor of the foreign, is as impolitic as it is unjust. Foreign manufacturers or z omanees, By, esiablish- ing partners or agents in country, importin and entering merchandise on their own account, ant then making sales in pursuance of orders, previous or subsequent to the entry, can thas miele ocr aa kets with their own products, without being subject- ed to any adequate check against undervaluation. For while they are not subject to the additiona) duty in such cases, to which the domestic importer is liable, nor indeed to any additional duty, upon the construc- tion of the law which keems to be favored by the courts, they could be reached only by forfeiture of their goods, in cases in which the badge of fraud is 80 clear that the United States would have no difficul- ty in showing that fact. Whether, even in such cases, the courts would sustain proceedings for a forteitare of the imports of a manufacturer or pro- ducer, under the 66th section of the general collec- tion law of the 2d March, 1799—the only provision which seems at all applicable to the case—may be questioned. This Department bas no doubt that the 66th sec- tion of the act of 1799 is applicable to all imports, and it has so repeatedly decided, whenever a case baa been presented for its action involving that ques- tion. It is proper, however, to remark, that ina case tried in the Circuit Court of the United States for the first circuit, the learned Judge (Jus- tice Story)—although .he point was not made in the case, nor judicially decided—expressed, nevertheless, a very strong doubt whether the rixty-sixth section of the act of March 2, 1799, could be held to apply to other than purchased goods; the term “ actual cost” being, in his opinion, applicable only to a case of purchase (see case of Alfonso vs. United States, 2d Story, p. 421). [am not aware to what extent this dictum we be sus- tained by the courts, should the department be thrown exclusively upon the provisions of the sixty- sixth section of the act of 1799, to prevent under- valuations of merchandise imported by and belong- ing to the manufacturer thereof, on imports pro- cured otherwise than by purchase. I refer to the doubt thus expressed as to the construction of that section, only as still further showing the expediency of additional legislation, to put all imports on the same footing, in cise of undervaluation, and to en- able this department and the courts, by some clear and adeguate provision of law, to punish all ae to enter at undervalued invoices, whether made by the purchaser, manufacturer or producer. I deem it necessary only further to suggest that a state of the law, that subjects to the burden of ad- ditionat duties for undervaluation a citizen of the United States who purchases merchandise in the foreign market, for sale and consumption in the United States, and exempts from such duties the foreign manufacturer and producer who sends the same description of articles for the same se to our markets, and who reside beyond our ol gen tion, and can be brought only to a limited ex- tent within the control of laws for the punishment ol fraudulent importations ought to be corrected; and with that view I respectiully recommend an amendment of he 8th section of the tariff act of July 30, 1646. The only changea proposed in the section as it now stands are—Ist, to add in the se- cond line, after the words “actually purchased,” the rds, “or procured otherwise than by purchase;” and 2d, to strike out in the fifth line the words, ‘or in which the goods shall have been originally manu- factured or produced as the case te aed The first amendment will bring manufacturer and producer under the 0] of the law as well as the purchaser, and put them all under the same pevalty forundervaluation. The second amendment is rendered necessary b; ment act of the 3d of March, 1851, im posts shall be gic at in the prin- cipal markets of the country whence imported, has Leen held by this department, and decided by the éupreme Court in a recent case of Wm. Stairs et. al. ve. C. H. Peaslee, to repeal the provision proposed to be stricken out from the eight section of the act of 1846, by the second amendment. 1 enclose the section as it now stands and the draft of the section as og cp to beamended; and for the reasons etated in this communication, earn- «suy recommend the enactment of the latter as ne- essary in my judgment, both for the protection of che honest merchant and the interest of the public revenue, I am, air, respectfully, your obedient ser- van’, James Goran, Secretary of the Treasury. Hon. N. P. Barks, Jr, Speaker House of Represen- tatives, Washington, D. C. Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of Repre- ventatives of the United States of America in Con- cress assembled, that the eighth section of the act »pproved July 30, 1846, and entitled “An act redu cng the duty on imports, and for other purposes,” be amended as follows: — Sec. 8 And be itfurther enacted, That it shail be awful for the owner, consignee or agent of imports which have been actually purchased, or procure? otherwise than by , on entry of the same, to make such ad in the entry to the cost or ph oye in the invoice as in his opinion may aise the eame to the market value of such imports in the principal markets of the country whence the importation shall have been made, and to add there- to sll costs and cha: which ander existing laws would form part of the true value at the port where the same may be entered, upoe which the du- ties should be asteseed. And it shall be the daty of the Collector within whose district the same may b imported or entered, to cause the dutiable value © -uch imports to be appraised, estimated and ascer- tuined, in accordance with the provisions of exist ng laws; and if the appraised value thereof shall exceed by ten per centum or more the value so de clared on'the eatry, then, in addition to the daties iwpored by lew on the same, there shall be levied, eohected and — a duty of twenty per certum ad valorem on such appraised value: Provided, never- heless, that under no circumstances shall the daty Le sereseed upon an amount less than the invoice valve; any law of Congreas to the contrary notwith- standing. Wasninoton, July 2%, 1856. Approaching Adjournment of Congrees—Syinptoms of Breaking Up—The River ond Harbor Im provement Dills—-The Pacifie Railroud—Thv Woodworth Patent—Bill for the Reef of the Patentecs. Congress having fixed the day of adjournment, a general rush is made upon members by those who have bills to pass and favors to ask. The door keep- crs declare this to be the busiest day of the session, Where this host of claimants, speculators and “ pro- lessionai” men have come from just now, is some" thing of a mystery; but they are to be met with at every step, having some one by the button hole whose services are required. A very general wish is manifested, by members of both Houses, to take out of the general order the numerous reported bills for river and harbor im- provements. The fate of these bills will be deter- mined by the result of the motion to call them up, it will be recollected that Congress threw aside the veto of President Pierce on the three improvement bills which, at the early stages of the session, had passed, and which, it would appear, were more ex- ceptionable than those now under consideration. Tt was intended to give this week to the settle ment of the contested election cases, but new inte- rests are at work which may postpone this subject until the next session. One of these interests in connection with the above is the Pacific Railroad bill, the friends of which insist shall be passed. This is by no means impossible, when it is under- stood that an alliance has been fected between the “ Pacific” advocates and the friends of certain land bills, who have large interests at stake, and who are on hand to see their measures carried safely through before the adjournment of the present ees ion. fomething may also be expected from the advo- cates of the patent a in the House. The owners of the Woodwe patent will have a sparate biil reported for their especial relief and benefit. It is now ready and the time is only waited for to bring it forward. It will be shown, so far as writing can do it, that the parties int are impoverished by their losses in the great in- ventions, and that permission to enjoy the mo- nopoly of it for fourteen years longer is both jnst by roper. The owners of this have had the exclusive benefit of it twenty- seven years, and the clear profits that it has “netted, according to documents and data in the of the Patent office, amounta to bot a little short of four millions of dollars. Where this money has been spent, or how it has been lost, matters nothing, when considering the fact that between Woodworth and ers euch & Washinglon, and in LA ss pe tent bere been , and honest mechanics have been ruined for having introduced in their shops some discovery of their own for planing and groov- ing boards, but which were pronounced infringe- } ments the Woodworth patent. A fourteen years’ extension at this time is nothing less than to | place the honest industey of the builder and carpen- er ot the mercy of Woodworth & Co. Notwith standing these facts, {tis probable that the imposi. tion will Le granted by Congress. Remonstrances against a rerewal of this patent have been sent on from the States of Vermont, Khode Island, Massa- chusetts, and several from New York. One only Las been presented, the rest have been kept back, for .easons best kuown to the parties receiving them. The Spanih Difficulty with Mexico—Its x Peaceable Settlement. pes the Diane de ia Marina, of Havana, July 12.) if, as we stated lay on reliable information, the threatening difficulty between Spain and Mexico has, at last, been regulated in a manner both honor- able and advantageous to our national interests, it is an event of too im ce not to cange us profound satisfaction, and to elicit, on our part, seme more remarks, in order to explain fully our ideas on the subject. For the present, setting aside the honorable terms of the immediate arrangement, (besides their being subjected, a8 we believe, to the ratification of the government of her Majesty), it is impossible both for foreigners and our couvtrymen not to acknowledge the salutary influence of the means by which this result has been arrived at. With the firat resolation of obtaining justice, we have proved— what is of no less import—that we are in possession of means ade- quate to the \ PURO Without the smallest delay, vud without tbe vervice on our coasts in the ‘east prejudiced, we sent into the waters of the Gulf # naval force more than sufficient for the protection of Spanish subjects, even in the most efficacions manner. This mustering of ships, however, was nothing more than a sample of our strength, tor oth in our own shipyard and in the arsenals of the eninsula there were still ample resources, (we pos- sess the proof of this.) sufficient for tripling or quadrupling the force if, nnhappily, it should have heen indispensoble. For this reason, among others, the legitimate right which stood on our side was im- mediately recognised as a principle, to the great anger of'a certain class of foreign scribblers. This example will be the forerunner of salutary power in any analogous case. Those who in large numbers endeavored to dis- figure this question in its very substance, will be no less disappointed by its rapid solutioh. All the ro- mantic creations of their imagination were blown away by a single blast, just like # house of cards. The conduct of Spain was described as dangerous, und, charitably we presume, we were warned of the peril, it being strange and scarcely conceivable that even the London Times jet itself hurry along with the current. Well, the manifestation took place and had the desired eifect, all doubts disappearing like smoke. The Mexican government, far from obeying tuggestions whose nature it is not difficult to uuder- stand, acted prudently and with regard to the true interests of their country, by revoking certain measures not maturely considered. The point- , and the only ones who lose, will be the anthors of ihoge prognostics whose profound diplomatic com- hinations, together with their imminent crises, re- main exposed to excessive laughter. It is true that such a result could not be wancing to them from the Inoment they began to mistake the nature of the cavse. Forgetting, or wishing to forget, the charac- wcter and gven the crigin, as regurds the dates ot the dispute, they would see therein plans which did could not exist. The Mexican cabinet beheld c! ly the question, describing it as an economics recla- mation, founded on justice and the necessity of pro- tecting the national honor. The history of the Spanish American republics is rich enough in such episodes, since the period of their birth to the ex- ample exhibited lately by Holland in Venezuela, not Wo understand their eter and their ways. The conduct of Spain, imperiously called for by circum- siances belorging to this category of incidonts, did not acknowleage any other impulse, and copsequent- ly bad an analogous solution. As coon as things had arrived at this point, Mexi- co well knew that Spain was not to be blamed. For her good or evil fortune, that nation, like the others ef the Spanish-American continent, preferred to break the bonds which mutually anit us. From the moment this change was an accomplished fact, ail the countries with which we have renewed our iclations (and even those with reference to which, tor special motives. such a step has not yet been token) met in Spain a friendly and even conde- -cending uation, as far he did not exhibit the relative superiority of ag which, without the least douht, belongs to her. Neither our position Lor our wishes, nor Our interests incline us to look again for the expansion of our territory: for what we possess is still large enough and abundant enough in all the sources of wealth which it behoves us to cevelope, as we are now doing. Tberetore the Spanish government, from 1834 up to the present y, neither meddied with the dowestic affairs of ore countries, nor even attempted to exercise any ‘oreign influence, such as other frieads, perhaps less uterested, tried to acquire there. On the contrary, cur sympathies and zeal for the preservation ot (Lore growing nationalities are us great as is compatible with the dae supremacy of our own vational interests. But finaily, the reparation al- uded exists, and necessarily carries with it a num- Ler of serious consequences. In point of economic ‘pterests, end of honor, we are no longer one nation, and con-equently we possess the right, and it iseven « duty not to sacrifice our interests to those of others, when they are opposed one to the other. The only ‘hing that reasonanly can be demanded of us is, that n maintaining our right, we show proof of mode retion. And of this latter effair, Spain has given and con- inues to give irrefregable evidence, as tar as is re- concileable with the character of the affair. This very day we have mitigated, as mach as possible, oficial rules, in order that Mexico might succeed to pet out of the wrong position wherein, by a hasty proceeding, she had placed herself. Bat our honor Leing — seeing the validity of a solemn ueaty he wy , and an embargo removed which eculd not be defended in principle, we shall not show ourselves less generous, ‘and even just, in an igreement upon minor points. In fact, ac- cording to ovr information, Spain consents ‘o sn examination of the dubious claims, = vided that the said examination take place with her intervention snd previous consent, This peoceeging secms to us as sensible, noble and equitable The good reputation of Spain demands ie principle of her rights to be maintained with inflexible vigor; but it does not require (neither would Spain consent to it) that the same protection ve extended to individual abuses which, under her protection and shelter, nay have succeeded to creep n, Whether this supposition be a positive fact or not, we shali not give now an opinion, perhaps iwulty. It may suffice to point to the deep and con- tinued silence we have observed on this matte: -ince the origin of the dispute, as as it pre- erved the character, merely financial, which it bore at the period of its announcement, under the late Mexican government. So far itis well. Neither in erent zeal for the support of all legitimate Spanish interests, shall anybody surpass us; nor is t to be supporedsthat, consi our means of knowledge, we should be ignorant of an ir whose particulars, on the contrary, we ‘lly know, ha’ followed them by step. Our predeterm reserve indicates ing but a resolution easily conceived. and jing from the highest considerations. The spirit of stockjobbing is the moral plague of our century; but the character of the Spanish people, by its spontaneous force of virtue, repels the virus. We are fully assured that the illustrious government of her y and the public opinion of the country will the very same idea as their polar star. We do not assert that there are abuses, but that they may be imagined as being within the of bility. Therefore, it is sufficient for 5 as she is with a qnestion of principle, to consent to and always de- sire a new examination, which will disperse the doubts end show clearly the rous impulses which she obeerves in her condu Theatrical, Musical, &. Nis1o's tag coer ae a ay we of = most ul _“ wet Mar- 1 Pind the “ Magic Trura ’’ See Francois as Gros Pierre in the first, and the Clown in the last pay and you will have eufficient merriment for one night. Between the a Mr. Hengler will execute his great tight rope feats. still Bowery Treatre—The greatest revails among the patrons of this house ir. Brougham's exciting drama, “ The Pirates of the Missiaei Lo on is Fy most pee ery night, only regret aj Sora i bet more of it Tt will followed this evening by “ Black Eyed i Broapway Vanieries.—The psn romance of “ The Forty Thieves,” with talented Louise, Mary, Carrie, Helen and Georgiana, and Master Wallo, not f ing that compound of drollery and whimsicality, Master George, in the leading characters, is @ great feature of attraction to pmusement seekers, and is likely to continue so for some time. Kriier’s Eupree Wait —Artists and connoisseurs unite in the opinion that the thrilling tablean of i same “Avalanche” is i A @ picture, M. Keller's ‘ious ctions, while at (ime it imi the beholder with the liveliest emo- tions. It is to be repeated tiety of other excellent scenes. to ray Woon's Mixernens—This is the last night but one of the season, and as the makers have decided to tify their a of old-fash' minstrelsy, their elegant hall no doubt, be crowded long ere the curtain rises. G will be there with that = original ola J and that “very identical ‘Tne BuckLeys commence at the Newark theatre next Monday. The London News of July 8 che! is till a great sufferer from the effects of her exour ber physical debility 18 80 grea 110 reernit her strength rtag this evening, with a va- says —Mademoizelle Ras Y t OUR & ‘atlege Comuneneeme: IENECTADY CORRESVONDE Scnenrorapy, July The literary festivities of “Oid Union” ed on Sunday evening last, July 20, wi pronounced before the Theological § Rey, Dr, Cummings. On Monday evevin, George Van Santvoord delivered a ver oration before the Senate, On Tugada: Rev. J.B, Condet, of the Auburn Theolo; nary, delivered an oration, and Francis Esq,, of Ithaca, N. Y., pronounced a poet Adelphi and Philomathean Literary Socie productions were all of a high order of fully snstained the reputation which ‘( has long enjoyed, of presenting to her after year, the richest intellectual feasts, the evening, the Kappa Alpha Society its thirty-first anniversary by its usual) Over the proceedings thereat the veil off drawn; but it may be presumed that th enjoyed themselves tly, from the fact not tnt far into the small hours that rated. Wednesday, the great day, dawned beautifully. ~ From an early hour crowd: moving towards the Presbyterian church. and 10 o'clock, the procession, composed tees, faculty, alamni aad siudents of the co, ed the church. After prayer by the veue?} dent, Dr. Nott, who, though now in his 84] the exercises pr) still hale i sitet dg is depen peiintatory—Latin, Henry F. Cochras| Fait Hadiaas William J. Robi ‘Selt-nowledge, J. Voorhes, Root, N. VJ Air and Ether, BE. W, Crittenden, ment fail? J. Wilder, « BES. The Goal of Life, J. C. Nott, Bethleber xon, A. G. Bradford, Nev gerd N.Y. poem, .. ey N.Y. The Crisis of Life, C. H. S. William Francisco, Cal. German Oration, L. R. Bass, Cowlesvil American Responeioility, J. Shepherd, N.Y. Petrifactions, F. F. Wead, Malone, N. Life's True Meaning, A. B. Morey, ‘The Dream of Peace, E. L. Stimson, V The Student, “. G. Donnan, West Che ‘The Auchor of Reform, O. iy haves Consciousness, C F. Manatield, Watert Developement, f- ‘ocom, Philadel} The Saxon’s Recompense, P. Robb, N.Y. The Sage the Teacher of Ages, T.C. | wingham, Mass. Faith and Imagination, F. W. Flint, M ‘The Mission of the Martyr, H. A. G faxes. Laziness, J. L. Brownell, Solon, N. Y. Politics and the Pulpit, T. D. ‘Phatche ville, N. Y. hae init’s Strife—A Poem, E. Phe! e Sa eaters Poem, E. H. Lud Among 80 many speeches—all of whic!! —it would seem Timost invidious to ui special commendation any from the rest constrained to make especial mention ene First Death poem, by F. H. e eath, . + he Poughkeepsie, decidedly bore avay the of passages oi striking originality and of it may be placed far above the ordinary ment orations. The Dream of Peace, by E. L. Stim: mington, Del, was a very fine prody written and gracefully delivered. The rewarded by several beautiful floral trib The Spirit’s Stri Middlebury, Vt., was well delivered, The saxon’s Recom » by P. Rot; Perth, N. Y., was another excellent o: Robb possesses a fine voice and a grac speaking, and bis efforts were iy ay! Developement, by T. 8. Yocom, © phia, Pa., was a very creditable producti! Had we space we should like to make several others, pariicularly the orations J. L. Brownell and ©. H. 8. Wi 5 0 say, that the class of 1856 may well fy he brilliant array of talent which e: & them. After the close of the speeches thi * Seong to Old Uniou,” written for the ¢ F. H. Ludiow, of the graduating class, he Sons or Union joining in the chorus {| e-echoed with the melody:— 20NG TO OLD UNION. Air—"* sparkling and Bright.” Let the Grecwn dream of his sacred streat And sing of the braze adorning, That Phoebus weaves from his jaurel leave} gates of morning; that bounds through U: he Delphic water, asa god may wear Alma Mater ! to the brave and froe, on smiling o'er us, And ‘or many aday, as thy walle May they ring with tay childre Could our praises throng om the waves of Like an Orie We would bear \o thee the argoay, ‘own thee with pearis of singing: Js @ dip trom Ghorue—Then b 11 in the green Sea grot ear our mother | Chorte—Then here's to thee, ay Let the joy that falls from thy dear oll wal Unebanjed, brave Time's on-darting, And our falls once a year On bani iasp ere pa Og: And when throngs shall sing thy sor! And their epell once bath bound as, Our faced bours shall revive their Lowers, And the past shail live around us. Thorur—Then here’s to thee, & ‘The usual degrees were then confer audience spent, well pleased with ment of 1856. One of the most striking scenes of occurred in the eveni: the ‘Tie the way we have at old Unid To drive away dull care. ravers Waehin and surrender himself in of the Marshal. THe boy Ly pm On receive the most encouraging intel The wheat just h sured by rs, is of & highly and the yield per acre never was better rains have given to the corn crops a d and vigor which promises well. The hough comparatively light, ia general! was anticipated. On the whole, we agvicniturista on this region have ever aticficd.— Quincy Wag, daly 14