The New York Herald Newspaper, May 28, 1856, Page 2

2 Geughter of the Infante Francisco) for Prince Adalbert, of Bavaria, the heir presumptive to the ‘Wrrone of Greece. The Fremden Blatt, of Vienna, learns from Bu- eharest that Count Coronini has received telegra- <phic instructions to begin on the 15th of May to move his headquarters and a part of the treops across the Wallachian frontier into Austria. It vas vamored that the Commissaries of the great Pow ors would not enter the Principaities until all the Austrian troops bad left them; but the report seems to be without foundation, as half the army of oceu- pation is to remain for some time to come, The London Chronicle, of May 13, says:— r om Lord Palmerston i . dd ens « ike to Las ar Sey Beh orate rabevton waa teeqaeutlytn-errs plod and on Friday vight he ena aaiforing fem a The Prime Minis er remained iv hts piece po wi'bstandicg until tre Hous of C maoos weu foto eommitice o. t@ Police bill, axvut ise o’eiosk, when he yielded to tre entreaties of Sia co aes and eat Rane. During the wholw of the eva: ing tae nonie Vis- eoant hept Lis hacdkecc viel to pis face aod was evideatly tnilering from "he combined effesta of fa zue ant tndis- ston. The Houre hae taken a wees’s noliday tals niteuntide~aiorger recess than asas’, oa" 4 most ao- ‘eoptanle pe od of relaxa jon t> Lani Peimerstm, wbove ecnstant and unresried atteacanse ja she floc of Gommove sud d yorten to paric have never deem excveded by that of any Pri The committee f tho Relgian Chamber of Representatives charged with the task of ex: amining the bill demanding credits of 8,990, Q00f., and 8,029,000f. to terminate the eutrench- ed camp of Antwerp and to rge that town, held a lorg sitting on Saturday, May 10. General Goblet spoke af considerable length to prove that the organization of the Belgian army is not in harmony with the fortresses and matirie? of the country, and that the constant extension of Antwerp must radically change the Mesent system of defence. The demolition of the fortifications of Mons, of Namur, and of Charleroy avpeared to bim indispensable, to render a greater number of troops available, and to cfiecta saving ia the public money, After a long discussion, the committee decided una- nimously that it would be of pabli Wantage to do away with the fortifications of Ma Reports from Athens of ‘dof May state that the people were in hopes thut the allies were about to evacuate Greece. Th At the meeting of capitalists at thi on the 13th, the Chancellor of the that the pro ms sterling was calculated to cover the whole % year except two millions, for which he should propose t> issue Exchequer bonds, but the two millions would not be required until the end of the pr year, or, perhaps, not until the first quarter of 1s, Commercial circulars issued on the evening of Tuesday, the 13th, report the cotton market dull, and not affected by the ican advices per Af: ea. Uotton wasirerly offered, but hol as to price, and the dewand was o Wheat and fiour were reported rather lower: White corn, being scarce, was held firmly for advance, while yellow aud mixed were freely of- fered at 6d. a 1s. per bushel decline on the week, say white corn, J6s.2 per 430 Ibs. tow and mixed bringing barely 2Us. a 20s. 6d. for prime, in retail Red wheat, 93. 3d. a 10s. 4d.; white, 9s. Sd.a Ls. 3d. per 70 Ibs. Western canal flor 3. & 34s. 6d; Pbiladciphia, Baltimore aad Obi», . per bbl There was not much doing iu beer, bat the bwe qualities were firmer. P was in request, but there was no American in the market. Recent ar- rivals of bacon have uot Leen landea, and no sales were reported, but the i rood. was steady, 548. being p: good refining quali- ties. Tallow was! en Treasury office, ner stated Lard Var London Curresponteonce. Lonpon, May 13, 1856. Ex gland and America—Treaty Between the Unit ed States and Persia—The Suvad Dues—India— The Belgian and Malian uestrions—Excited State of Maly—Protest of Sardinia—Important Statemenis—Desturbances at Malia—Re-opening f Her Majesty's Theatre— Miscellaneous, $c. As regards the quesiion hetween England and the Bnited States I have nothing toadd today. Par jiament being proroz ed tv *he 19th ipstant, for the , bothing farther will elapse till then, The Africa hasar- ive (7) alliunce has been A bs ited S od Per The terms oi d. It was concluded tween the U tes this treaty at Teheran. From Copenhagen we learn that Russia aud Swe- den have formally adhered to the mode of ca pitaliz- ing the Sound dues as proposed by the Danish go- vernment. The Danish government, as you are aware, propored the abolitiva of the Sound dues for @ capitul of 0,000 of rix dollars, (Dauish Money), a sum which searcely exceeds ouc-hal! of the capital which at fonr per cent interest repre- geuts the yearly income he Sound dues. ‘The Indian mail has orrived with Bomb to the 16th April. There is listle news. pects of the indigo crop are favorable. at Bombay have reduced their rave of discount two per cent. T have, in my recent letters. alluded more than ence to the state of feeling in Italy. The allnsion to Italy at the Paris Congress, as also to Belginm, is the great topic in all political circles in Earope at the present moment. The allusion to Belgium by Count Walewski was regardod as a threat against Belgium by France, and has been the cause of great excitement at Drossels. A regular demo qj stration has taken place inthe Belgian Chambers, and a forma! prot awn up by the government. ‘he Italian question is, however, the question of the day, and you must not be surprised to hear trat trar The pros The banks the fiug of Italian independence is ouce more u & furled, and this time not by Mazzinis, but by the King of Sardinia and all Italy. Count Cavour, who immediately on his r from Pans, was appointed Minister of Foreig fairs of Surdinia, gave explanations to the Chain- bers of the of conduct followed by the Sard « Bian Picnipotentiaries at the Paris Congress, aad moreover prodneed two documents presented by them tothe governments of France and England, These documents (which ! enclose) created au im menre sensation. The one dated the 26th of Aprilia a formal pr test against Austrian occupation to Ttaly. Count @avour, moreover, etsted to the Chamber that the {lations between Sardinia and Austria were any- @ ing bat friendly, indeed he regretted to say th never weie on so bad a footing. Butit is the to: of the whole document which is the cause of iy apprehension. Tt )reathes defiance, and is almost a gauntlet thrown in the face of the young Kinpecor Francis Joseph. The gecond document is no less important. It proposes a plaa for secularizing the 1 States and getting rid of the Austrian and French troops: In a word the Sardinian Pienipotentiaries bave stuck up for the Independence of Ttaly. ‘The effet thece documents have created through out Ue je of the Jtalian peninsula : othatthe Ital From — alwoet in edition of t We searn trom actor bec Oth tow, whew a Te roof i wiag On the wlteraver a i | rapid and voluminous con NEW. YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, MAY 28, 1856, Italy to take. If, however, Serdinia does draw the sword, she must throw away the scabbard. It mugt be a death struggle with her mortal foe. The visit of the Arch Duke Musemban, of Aus- tria, (the Emperor's brother,) to Paris, is in con. neetion with this state of affairs. Rnssia has accredited Count de Reuse as ambas- sador to Turin, and Count Chreptowitch to London Count Morny goes to St. Petersburg. The great local event of the week has been the re-opening of her Majesty's theatre by its old and celebrated impressario, Lumley. The success was complete. I never saw the house more brilliant with beauty and fashion. The noole building was crammed to the ceiling ; and, when “ God Save the Queen” was given, every one rose, and the coup dail was magnificent. I could only compare it to an enormous bouquet of variegated flowers, with diamonds for dew-drops. Alboni was the heroine— *cenerentola” the opera. Th ballet, a3 usual, was perfection. Great preparations are being made for the fire works on the 29th, in honor of peace. Double bar riers are being erected at all the purk entrances to prevent the crush that is expected. Palmer's trial for poisoning his relatives com- mences to-morrow, and a tremendous rush is ex- pected. Every precaution has been taken by the police. Very seldom has a trial created such in- tense excitement. Quz Paris ‘ orres por.dence, Panis, May 8, 1858. Evidences of an Intention on the Part of France to Interfere in Spanish Affairs—Object to Crush Out Kepublicanism in ELurope—Cautlivus Con- duct of the Spanish Government During the Rus. siun War-—Its Reward—Case of the Valentia §e., See A tew weeks ago a periodical of Madrid anounced, with seeming probability of truth, that the Empe- ror ot the Freach hud made known to the Sp ny Minister at Paris the inconvenience of the political dissensions beyoud the Pyrenees, and that at the same time his representative near the Court oi Isa- bella expressed to the Sevretary of State the neces- sity of some inverveution to quell so great disorder. The statement was at once positively denicd by the organ 0: the Sp: Lb guverutment, and since thattime the subject has quietly slept uatil the last week, when as with one voice both rhe imperial and monarch) zal presses of Paris have broken out respecting “he solenm propriety of this intervention; aud itis re murked that the only opposing voice here is from the soviuhst repabincan Presse, aud that even the nucient inmenu of representutive government, the Debats, wavers us to Spain, and paints her polis position as the aarkest and moet uspromisin; ‘This tureat of intervention for the pacili Spam, which can be mistaken for ao other {lon ene of imperial suggestion, is understood, voth here and in Madrid, bur in one way—.ue ree tisbintnt of the powers at least of the encieut » gurchy,and the crushing out, to the utmost extent possible, radical and tast eadiug republicanism, toa the future repose of Durope. The intelligent Spaniard nowhere expects that foreign force is to be put in mution for this purpose, us he deems the Jessen of listury tuo recent aud tov terrible for that; vat he fears the power of money, of inuigue, and the permittmy of bauished citizens toarm andappear on the borders of Spain, to incite the fanatical acd royal tuctions, I’ these ave to be measures of intervention, parties to some extent, it is said, will be driven back on each other in Spain, and held tw- gether by the savred tie of aationality, a dictator will be chosen—perbaps, at first, Esparteso—and in the My ov virtually, the imperial power wilt I, because in more thaa in any other Sj rd are uutted the qualities of tut stan and -oldier. During the war in the Crimea the co Spain has been diglomatis aud pra most earnest wishes for the triumph o: expressed oa ui merous occasions, the government has never been able to supply #! man or an Luce of pow eckoned that were troops attew heir assistance, thorgh they mi seaboard, they would refuse to go of theie cowatry; and s0 adverse tional ships of recent const have answered for traneports, or a. ed i warlike puryoves, were found to have been eo: in so wonderful a manner by natural vane it ; was ted to be sent to 8 fate, that va- ch mignt otuer as tu vende: them unseawortiy and Stili the Spaniard rendered some solid his friends the grain, oil could spare, adjustings his he covid to the harduess of the tic ment did not, huwever, content 11 pathies or ‘eehuys, without actions a consul, a scene painter, to Pelissicr, istly, don to the King of Algiers, by the hand of bis august uncle, the Duke of siva,.a grandee of Spain of the first rank, which last belonged to Nich las I. In such hearty effurts to hambie alike strength and pride of the Czar, it docs appear there may be some ground for suspecting thata ! sian crabussy may socn reside near the court of contending pol main a distance, rey tween the evidently uniti St. Petersburg There have been, however, during the season of the warin the Crimea, some ats on the pastof Frence which showed but little reapect for the Tights of Spain as an independent country. Of these, the reiznre of the Valentia is the most remarkable. This case, often repested hy the newspapers, apd never denied, shows how mych the one nation may venture to intict, and how much the other may consider it ier duty to torbear. A Russian ship, at the breaking ont of the war, found herself in a port of the Peninsnla, and being pg hie to escape, she was 8 ldvend bought under due formalities by a Spanish subject. Her papers were made out, and the Secretary of State made known to the representatives of France and England at Madrid, of the change of name of the Louise, as also of the change of property. Goon afterwards she left the port of Ca- diz, botind coastwise for Santander, with a cargo, a part of which, to the amount of about 20,000 bushels of salt, belonging to the Spanish cvverument. be- fore che hud been out two hours eh: 8 overtaken by two French steamers of war frova the port she had left, and captured within sight of the light. Pissing Ceuta with the French flag at ber masthead and in compauy with the steamers of war, she was not interrupted by the Spanish author ties, and was taken to Oran Here the crew were informed that they were prisoners of war, were not allowed to jJand, end the ehip was handed over to the French authorities asa legal prize. The owner appiied to his wevernment for protection, but being told that he had acted with lamentable imprudence, he be- took himself at once to the justice of the French courts. Here the ship was declared a lawful prize, by virtue of an ordinance of the year 1778, and re- isened in 1854, and which ordinance was only made known in the epecial bulletin of Cadiz forty days after the capture of the Valentia. Paris, May 12, 1856. Death of Adolph Adam—Afcting Scene at the ~ Theatre Lyrique—Affair of the Belgium Press— The Halian (uestion~ Imposing Military Cere- mury, §e., &e. world of music is in avery deinge of tears couse ix the sudden death of Adolphe Adam, charming compositions have sunk so deep in- tothe popular heart, that there is nut a gamin de Poris, a cook’ wy Llanchiseuse du fin who does oae of hia beantiful airs aa, day way throngh the et, ect caise par eacellence, light, britli ly, cpirituel. With euch readine marvellous talent, that he could ¢ a fortnight,» ballet in three ra. maa was of { 3 and directora, Theat 1éet compost 1 Wi med at the Opera. Such, however, waa the feel" 1g of both audience and actors, thet all were com- pletely overeome. The notes of the singers broke down; some fairly sobbed, and instead of rounds of applause, from a theatre full to the roof, tears, thick and fast, and profound sighs, supplied the place. The popularity of the individual came to aid the merits of the composer He wasthe gayest, the most good natured, the most self denying, while he was the most laborious of mortals. To all he had a {kindly word; to every pecoliar grief a tone of sympathy, and ao much was his time monopolized by the whims, fancies and real troubles of otherr, that but for his systematic privations of necessary rest in the long hours of night, he could never have got through the Herculean labors he accomplished. He went to bed on Wriday week in excellent health, and in the morning was found cold and lifeless Death hed apparently visited him with a gentle band, for his corpse bore no trace of suffering. But turn we to matter of sterner staff. England iz sounding her joy bells, her Parliament is pouring orth a unanimous chorus of gratitude for the ser” vices of the army and navy, her Queen is honoring with d‘gnities and substantial reward the more con” ‘plenous heroes of the bloody feud terminated by the Conference of Paris, when, lo! in the midst of the calm, it is discovered that the stermy petrel is still on the wing,and may prove aé any moment the messenger of a tempest that may darken wit s deuper dye tbose clouds which. have so lately over- hung al! Europe. Ina recent letter, I recorded the ans of M. Guizot, the great ex-Minister, on the impoliey of Count Walewski’s interference with the Belgian press. The words had scarcely left his mouth before the Belgian Chamber of Deputies is ringing with the note of defiance, uttered by the ap- pointed Minister of the Crown. The Moniteur has been diligently inserting aiticles from the Morning Post, which support the line the French go- yernment thought first to teke, and seeks also to dissipate the effect of the strong lan- guage used by the Belgian Minister, by stating that the pericd has arrived when, by the constitu- tion, one third of the Chamber has to resign its func- tions, and that the whole proceeding is now ad coptandum vu/gus, to strengthen a feeble ministry. This is evidently a mistake; and if the ebullition of feeling in Belgium is to be trusted, there is every appearance of France having caught a Tartar. This, however, is nothing to the foreboding pro- duced in every circle by the diplomatic note of the representatives of Sardinia on the Italian question. It was said at the time that the remarks in Con- ress could not but offer a premium to revolation beyond the Alps, along the whole extent of the Sardinian frontier from the Po to the coast of the Apenines; but the Sardinian note reads like a Mazini manifesto; itis a trumpetcalling to arms the Latin race, and proclaiming to the civilized world the detestable tyranny of a power who has played the chief réle in the deliberations of Paria. “Never,” it says, ‘were the prisons and the begnos so full of political prisoners; never was there a greater number of persons proscribed; never were political measures more rudely enforced. What is now going on at Parma is a atartling proof of this. Such means of governing must necessarily keep the people in a state of constant irritation and revolutionary ferment. Such has been the state of Italy for the last seven years.” Again: “Called on by the sovereigns of the petty States of Italy, without power of themselves to keep down the discontent of their subjects, Austria occupics militarily the greater part of the valley of the Po avd of Centra! Italy, and her influence is felt in an irresistible manner, even in the countries where she bas no troops. On oné side, from Ferra- ra and Bologna, her soldiers extend as faras Arco- ra, beyond the Adriatic, which has almost become an Aut lake; and on the other side, being mis- tressof Placentia, and, contrary to the spirit, if not he letter. of the treaty of Vienna, laboring to crm it into a fortitied place of the first order, she keeps garrison at Parme, ard spreads her forces sleng the whole extent of the Sardinian frontier.” But every fine of this remarkable document can- yut attract the attentive “stare of your readers. en it is covsidered that the Aust and Sar- divien plenipotentiaries bave heen sitting “cheek Ly jowl’ tor weeks together at the council rd of the Miuister for Foreign Affairs, in this capital, and hat in common they have just effixed their signa- ‘ures '0 a treaty which is to luli the world in peace- ul slumber for another quarter of acentury. A wanifesto like this can only be compared to one of those shella whore sleeping powers of destruction have suddenly, from some cause or other, sponta- neously ignited and turned in mere wantonness alike on fiend or fee. . In spite of the good will, says this: remarkable doc: ment, cf Freuce and England, and of their Kind efforts. the obatinacy of Austria in demanding that the discussions of the Congress should be rigidly confined within the sper’ of the questions whic a Leen traced out before it had come toge- ther, has been the cause of the assembly, towards which the eyes of all Europe were turaed, having separated not only without applying any remedy to taly, the evils pressing so heavily on ‘I! it without aficrding a single ray of hope for the fature of a na- ture to calm the public mind, and make it bear the “ptwith resignation. wc Pati~ prees has not yet had an opportunity of jug its thoughts on the Sardiniaa note. The few remarks, in which it speaks of the ion being presented in menacing lan- “are not,” it says, ‘‘some of the passares he note similar to the echo of the anger which a few years ago an explosion? At all € 3 be feared that the Italian revolution- isis wili hearken to this language.” A ministerial jour- nal of Paris, the Risorgeminto, said, recently, in al- lusion to the protocol, dated apn 8, that “it was ‘ spark capable of growing into an irresistible ame. M. Granier de Cassagnac, cipal writer in the Constituticnnel, bas just iueiged e cross of Com- mander of the Order of Francis Joseph from the papenr of Austria, This decoration was accompa- nied by # letter from Baron de Huoner, Aust Minister at Paris, in which that diplomatist expreas- ed the ratisfaction entertained by his sovereign at the sentiments and policy advocated by M. de Cas fagnac in the course of the late war. What a com- mentaiy on the Sardinian note, considering the temi-ilicial character of the Conatitutionnel! An imposing ceremony has recently occurred at Cow bevore when the first regiment of grenadiers was mustered in full uni‘orm, to hear from their colouel, M. de Betieville, the official aunouncement of the honor conf rred upon that regiment by the Empe- ror, inecribing the Imperial Prince on its register as enfant de troupe. The gallant colonel availed him- telf of the occasion to repeat, in glowing I e, wake "free goods—a principle for which the Uni- ted States have always contended and which France bas sought to establish in every one of her treaties, since the year 1713; the Berlin and Milan decree having been merely anact of retaliation on the Bri- tish order in council. Point 2—Establishes the rule that the goods of a friend (neutral) shall be exempt rome capture, even under the enemy’s flag. This ig also a prin- ciple for which the United States and France, in- cluding all the mmor mari‘ime powers of Europe, have contended for sap oy century or century and a half respectively. above two points ap- ply, of course, only to goods not contraband of war under the law of nations. Pow 2—] no blockade and no belli- gerent right fi g from it, unleas that blockade 18 establi and maintaived by a sufficient num- ber of ships of war to render it effective. This nits an end to the paper blockades established by Foglana during the long wars of the French Revo- lution, and will certainly be received with rejoicings by the United States; but, then, there ia Point 4—That, in case of a future war, the res- pective Lg & the Clegg eg the belli- erent right of grant marque § i“ ere it not for this or arming privateers. e point, the Inited States ‘might hail with pleasure the conclusion of cenvention, and become themselves a party to it. To obtain the adhesion of the United States to all the four pointa, is the especial business now entrusted to the Count de Sartiges, the French Emperor’s Plenipotentiary in Washington, a diplomat of much experience, great chrewdness, extensive practical knowledge, and enjoying. in a very emineut degree tne respect and confidence ot the French Emperor. The Count de Sartiges may also have received special instrac- tions from Count Walewski in respect to the Cramp- ton and enlistment difficulties, but his princi business, you may rely on it, isto procure the adhe- sion of the American government to the above- mentioned fourth point of the late maratime con- vention concluded here in Paris; in other words, to ocure @ promise or a solemn agreement from the Gaited States, in case of war with any European na- tion, not to employ our fast and elegantly built com- mercial marine as privateers. It is shrewdly calculated here in France that this is @ question which does not interest all portiona of the United States in the same degree. The South- ern States, it is thought, would have no great objec- tion to the abolition of the belligerent right of arming privateers, provided their cotton, rice and tobacco were exempt from capture on board the vessels of neutral nations. The com- merce in our great staples would go on as usual, and great losses to our planters would be avoided with yery little trouble and expense. A similar sort of reasoning might be employed by some of our West- ern people, whose cargoes of breadstuffs and provi- sions would continue to arrive in Europe during the war, and who might continue a profitable commerce, though our own ships might rot in our harbors. ‘The maritime States of our Union, however, will ne- cessarily adhere to the belligerent right of arming privateers, not only as a measure of profitable em- ployment of their ships during a war, but as a most, efficient element of maritime power, and formidable means of aggression against @ commercial foe, Dn- ring the negotiations which will take place, these sectional differences may lead to different views of the question, as they furnish, no doubt, the only ground of hope which the French government che- rishes at this time of bringing them to a successful conclusion. The present period is a very unpropitious one for Yhe United States to negotiate a treaty or bind itself by conventions, which we have not our- selves had a share in concluding in the first instance. It was but proper for the United States to urge the first three pene ne the late war, on the consideration of the belligerent as well as the neutral nations; but the war being over, and the question being no longer urgent to secure the interest of our neutral commerce, I cau- notsee what immediate object the United States could have in accepting the fourth point as a means of securing the peerteies: It is not likely that France or England will secede from the first three points, (in which France is quite as much interested as ourselves,) and there is no need, therefore, of psying fora which is already secured by a sa- critice altogether exceptional, and of specific damage to our maritime power. Our privateers, in time of war, are our maritime militia, only, if possible, bolder, more enterprising and more ae Meo any we can be expected to employ at home in protecting our own frontiers. By means of our privateers, a war with the United States does not merely mean a war in America, but a war in India, at the Cape of Good Hope, in the Weat Indies, in the Chinese and Japanese seas—in a word, wherever the enterprise of our sturdy mariners is capable of eeuding a ship and a crew. It is this maritime militia of ours which commands the respect of the world, and makes nations pause before they pick an uujust quarrel with us. We have wo navy at all to compare in wumber and efficiency to the present naval force of En; a, which consists, according to Lord Palmerston’s of- ficial statement in Parliament, of 590 vessels of war; but we can arm more privateers than any nation in the world,and check er destroy the commerce of any nation with whom we may Chance to be at war. To abandon the right to arm privateers in iime of war would be tantamount to suffering our hands to be tied to our backs while our enemies are pre- aring to strike us. The Carthagenians, atter the Battle of Bama, a d to deliver their arms to Sci- io, aS @ Means of securing peace, b forge new oves; which, however, did suv save from utter destruction. Our liberal institutions do not favor large stand- ing armies or navies. Our wars must necessarily be popular ones; for Congress alone bas the power to declare war; the Presidert only wages it. In a popular war the peecinel element of \defence is the people themselves, armed as they all are, and capable of being enrolled in battalions of volunteers and militia. The same sasistance we must expect from our maritime population, in the shape of privateers—a service to which the are impelled by habit, inclination aud interest. England, in time of war can arm her numerous cruizers, 2 species of of which she Thust always keep a respectable supply from her proximity to other maritime Powers, while the nited States, separated from Europe by a distance of three thousand miles, have no need of expending annually millions on such a branch of naval service. There is yet another conrideration which we must not loge sight of when discussing the question of privateering, which is thix:] For the last twenty ears or 60 it has been found more profitable to mild ships of‘large tonnage than smaller ones. Not enly are these re ehips capable of taking in larger cargoes, but they are found to be safer, and to sail faster, because their momentum (the product of the mass into the velocity) is better able to over- come the resistence of the medium. For the same reason, other things being equal,a large steam- er will outran a smaller one; and for the same rea- son our monster clipper ships outsail even fast steamers. Now these large vessels, of which we have lately built a tolerably ae number, are the seme of the mort remarkable points in the life of the great Captain, whose grandson was now confided to their care. He paid at the same time soe well dererved compliments to the reigning Emperor, say- ing that the whole army knew, in common with all Frence, that the bias was only wanted for Nepoleon III. to splay military talent on a par with that civil administration which had already se- cured for him one of the brightest pages in the fu- ture annals of France. The men received the cvlo- nei's speech with thunders of acclamation in honor of the imperial fomily. The weather bus suddenly changed, and there is now @ prospect of something jike genial tempera- ture. The frosts, however, and bitter ea-t winds hove played esd havoc with the vines in the South. The viveyarde of Hersult have suffered severely. The commune at Florenaac had also suffered to such an extent that it is eupposed one-half the crop is ir- 1evocably lost. Panis, May 12, 1856. Instructions of the Count de Sartiges to press upon Ue Government of the United States the New Maritime Declaration—The Privateer Question —Our Real Intcrcot on the Water. Though I have written yeu but three days ago, I | again address you ons subject of great importance to the United States. The -Count of Sartiges, the French Emperor's Winister Plenipotentiary to the United States, who, with his laéy, had spent (he winter here in Paris, rn leave of absence fiom Washington, has returned to the United Sttes@ month before his congé ex ired to press on the Atocrican Minteter of State, jovermoy Marcy, the adhesion on the part of the Untied ftates to the fonr points constituting the convention of the prineipal maritime powers of Ea- c, conjuded recently here in Paris, as part of the pereral weaty of peace between lussia and the Wester Powers, Por the sake of perepicuity, i Here | ent thers four petuts, which are of jvenee Lo the commerce of the w. d,and more very best crafts in the world to arm for pri: vateers, being not only fact sailers, but from their size and strength, capable of taking large arma- ments and crews on board, which in time of war would be more than an overmatch for the small vessels of war—the cruizers of an enemy. The United States occupy an exceptional position. Their it is differeat from any other, aod the genius of our bd in distinct from that of any Enropean nation. y should we not, as asove- reign nation, have a right, in time of war, to select for aggressive and defensive purposes uch weapons as our and government are able 4o employ to greatest advantage? Why should we stipulate teforehand the mode of fighting—throwing away the arms we bave acquired the most skill in, and employ those for which we have less aptitade, and which other nations are better prepared to figh: ns with? I admit that there is something tempting in the proposition of the French Emperor—not tempt- ing, however, to our national greatness and power, but simply subservient to the interests of classes and individuals. T'imco Danao et dona ferentes. It is an unfortunate coincidence that this propo- sition comes after our filibuster exploits, the Con- gress of Ostend, and other achievements, which have not raised our reputation abroad. if we refuse to accede to the convention, we shal. be called “ filibusters”; bot that term having already been applied to us #9 often, has lost its sting. ‘Beiter tobe called “ filiLusters’ cven, tham surrender our national privilers and the elements of our nition! power. Let us Le firm. THE \TALIAN DIFFICULTY IN BOROPE. The Hemedial Propositions of Count Cavour’s Nores to Bi: Braver. { We entjo'n the important noie whic Jardt rien plenipotentiurics, under date o; April, 1656, addressed to Loid Claren Walews » Mth of | snd Count Nentpstentlartes of cally to the navigation interests of the United bo Puind imac gmices the priociple that free abipa | The uncerigned Ring of Yerdinir, full of confidence fn th which eri b of k rece & p the ftivadebip + for raved 10 hope, NBC mtoe of the €0 pre Rs , 250) ay Cane ice r) eG lum ROW Gistus Ded ¥y tue vosupa jou of many ot | whe the iach power, after having that girercus ap interest in the of Sclavonio and Greek the interests of the Latin fortunate, inaemuch as their degr rexders them more sensitive to the evils of oppressive overoments. This hope, however, they have now lost. i= spite of the gcod will of Pnglahd’and france, notwith- standing their Aindly efforts, the persistency of Austria in cemanding that no subject should be introducea into the conferences foreign to the mattera they were espe- cially cailed to dixcuss bas itted that assembly, up- on which the apx'ous eyes of all Europe were turne, to dissolve not only without having effecved the slightest alleviation in the sofferings of Italy, but without having cast beyond the Alps a solitary gleam of hope in the {u- ture to calm men’s minds, and 60 mduce the Italians to supp rt yet a while "he present with reeignation. ihe jar ition het Austria beld in the late congress recdered perhaps this deplorable result tnevi- table. This the undersigned are ready to adwit. Bat withcut ip the least reprcaching their allies, they think they msy justly cail attention to the setious ornae- quences which may arise in Lurope, in Ite! all, in Sarcinia. It wou'd be unnesessaty setual condition of Italy. Woat has ccsurred in that country ‘cr some years pest is already t20 notorious. The systems of repression and of violent reaction thet have come just fication fn the troubled times of 1848 anc 1849 is now oaztiaued without mitigation, and even, with a few exceptions, with a redoubied vi Never. at any perioc, have the cungeons and the g been wore croecea with poli ical offenders. er has the numter of exiles been more eonsiderabie, the survel'- lance cf the police more strict, nr the political state of the people more cistressing. Weat is now pasizg io Para ya veycrd belief, Such a system of rn'e nesessarlly ea- naera !n the populaticn @ constant feeling of irritation 10 Gisaffection. Tnis hay been the case with Italy for Tact seven years. Latterly, indeed, se povelee, agi- ation seems to have somewnat calmed. The Italians ‘ecirg cre of their owm national monarcha coalesced with we great Western powers in their combat for tue principles ‘of right aud justice, and for the benefit of thar co-reigionieta in the Faet, entertained th ace would not have been concluded without some efforts ing wace to ml igs'e their owa sufferings, Thiv bopa rendered them calm and resigned. Bat when they ciscov- er the negative resuits of tha Paris lols aiped’ whenitshall ‘become known to them that Austria, in spite of the good ( fiices and smicabie inte veation of France and Eagland, has objec’ed to ali disousaion on the subject of Italy; that she would not even countenance the examination of mea. sures ealeui to remedy so sad a state of affairs—it ia not to be doubled ties their temporarily suppressed irri. tation wil become more vislent than ever. Convinced that they have nothing more to expect from diplomacy, nor from the Powers woo take an interest in their fa with renswed ardor, y will tbed of conspiracies and cf disorder, that perchance mey be restraioed for @ time by # yet more vigorous compretsion, but which the Teast commotion abroad will cauee to burst forth with un- precedented violence. ‘This disastrous state of things, if it engages the atten tion of England and France, interested equaily in the moain‘exance of orcer and the steady progress of civfliz- tion, ought naturally to cecupy most seriously ths go vernment of the King of Sardinia. Tre atic of revolu- tionary passins in the countries contiguous to Pied- mort, the effect of a cause of a nature caiculated to excite the live.iest popular sympatoy, exposes her to dangers of the gravest nied, that migh* nesalbly compro- mise the firm and moderate polisy which, to her, has deen go fer.tle in excellent results, aud that has long at- tracted the a/miration of enlightened Europ. But this is rot the only coe that menaces Sardinis. Agreater one still exis's in consequences of thone meaus Acatria may em to repress the revolu‘ionary tendencies in Italy. ponding to the call of the sove- reigns of ivsignificant Italian States, who a: ble to restrain their own discontented subje: power holds military oooupatin of the grester part of the valley of the Po and of Central Italy, and her ic- fluence, ip fact, extends in an irresistible manner to thore provinces where even she may not happen to have solaiers. Resting on one side on Ferrara aud Bo- Icgna her troops are ranged as far as Avcona, the waole length of the Adriatic, which is now in some 1eanects a2 Austrian Jake; on the other side, resting on Placeaza, whieb, contrary tothe spirit, if not to the letter of the trealy of Vienra, she exerts herself to transform into a firet class fortress. Sne basa ‘ison at Pari end can depley her forces the whole length of the Sardinian frontier trom the Po to the summits of the Apennines. The permanent oceupaticn by Austria of terrivories that do not beiorg to her renders ber the abrolute micz-ess of the whole of Italy, destroying the e ynilibriam esteblished by the treaty of Vienna, and constitutes a continual merace to Piedmont. Surrcunded in a measure on all sides by the Austzians, completely beret on her eastern ‘rontier by the forces of this power, who looks on her with no benevolent eye, Picdmont ia kept in @ continued stave of apprehension, that obliges her to be ever armed snd to preserve a de- fentidle atiivude. This draws heavily on her finances, already derarged nel events uf 1848 and 1849, and by ibe war in which she has lately pated. ‘These facts, which the under di have just set forth, will be sufficient to make plain the perils of the positicn io which the Sardinian government finds itself laced. : ‘Troubled in ¢cmestic affairs by the action of revolution- ary passions that sre communicsted from xe gaboring ‘States, where there evils are ed by a viotent sya- em of oppression, and by fore! occupation—menseed by the extension of the ; ower of Aust it msy, from 0:6 mement to another, be forced by an inevitable neces. sity te acopt extreme remedier, the resalts of which it is esible to fcretell. ‘he undersigned do not doubt that this state of affairs waken the solicitude of the of France end Evg'and, not only on account of the friendship and tke rea: sympathy they profess for the sovere'ga who alove amor ga! |, when success was most uncertain, dared to deciaze in their favor, but, above all, becau-e it is a veritable denger that threatens the peace of the whole of Europe. Serdiaca is ihe only State of Italy that can erect permanent coui to the revolutionary spirit and at the tame time be irdependent of Austria, to whose invading ir flaer ce she is also the on'y counterpoise. It Sardinia, exhausted internally, abandoned by ber slies, was ob:iged to succumb to superior force, if she fell under the domination of Austria, then the conquest of Italy by this Power would a once be achieved. And Austria, after Te pee in the East, without the siightest sacrifice, the immense benefit of the free navi- sticn of the Danube, and the neutratization of the Back Ses, would then jutre also ® preponderanss in the West. This woulc be what France and Engiand can- not wish—what they never can permit. But the undersigned are convinced that the Cabinets cf Paris snd London. taking into serious oonsiseration the State of Italy, will a¢vise, in concert with Serdiaia, as to the means of applying an Seeeaey remedy. CAVOUR, Panis, 16th April. z Da VILLAWARINA, Sexdinian Note on Looe) Condition of the Papa! st NOte ‘The following is a translation of the “verbal note” pera by the sardinian plenipotentiaries to the Ministers of France and England on the 27th of March, 1856:— At the moment when the glorious forces of the Western Powers tend to assure the benefits of peace to Europe, the deplorable state of the provinces under the goverament of the Moly See, end, above sll, of the Legations. calls for the special attention of the it of her Britannic Majesty and of his Mejesty the Emperor ef the French. The tions have been occupied by Austrian troops since 1849, The sate of siege and martial law have been in hie since that time without inverruption. Tre Pon- tifical government only exists in mame, since above its legates an Aurtriaa General takes the tile and exercises the func'ions of civil and miliiary governor. Nothing evinees that tiis state of things terminete since the Pontifisal government is as leonvinced ‘of its impotence to rreeerve public orcer as in the firet days of ita resto- ration, and Austria asks for nothing better than to ren- der her cocupation permanent. Here, then, are the facts which present themselvee—a deplorabie situation exist- ing always in @ country ni pevpied, and in which con- servative elewents abound; impoterce of the leaiimate sovereign to govern: ® permane 4t danger of disor‘ers and anarchy in Central Italy, extension cf Austrisn dominion in the | poeta beyond what the treaties of 1815 had rovice: nae Ls gations beforethe Frengh revaation wore unter ¢ bigh sovereignty of the Pope but they enjoyed privi- leges aod franchives whieh P rican we Jered them, at least internal administration, almon: inde; t. A; the same time the clerical dominion exctted even tnen 50 much sntipa hy that the French ary was received in 1796 with enthoi Detached from the Holy See by the Treaty of Tolentino, thove prcvinoes formed « part of the repubdiic, afterwaris of i ie of tau bend 814. bis ered enius of Napcleon changed their aspect as by enonant eat The French jaws, institutions, and acministra- tion in few years developed wealth and civilization. For this reason, in shose provinces all the traditions, all the sympathies, are fixed on that lod. The gover: it nurvives in ment of Napoleon is the only cne memory, not only of enlightened clastes, tut of the peo- ple. His memory recails ao impartial! justices, a strong administration, a state altogether of prosperity, of riches, acd of military greatnesr. The Congress of Vienna hesitated a long time about repl o Legations under the government of the Pope. ibe staveamen who sa‘ there, although preoce:- pied wih the thought of re en:zblishiog tbe ancient order of things above every other, felt, nevertheless, that they were thus leeving a ho:bed of disorders in the migst of Itaiy. The difficulty in the choice of @ sove Ba to whum to give those provinces, and the rivalry which might be brought forth by their’ possession, mate the balance preponderata in favor of the Pope; and Oar. dinal Gonsalvi obiained, but only after the battle of Wa terloo, tais unexpected concesirn, ‘Lhe Pentifical government. at its restora ion, took ro account of the progress of ideas and the profound changes that the Freneh régime had introduoed in this part of its Stares. From this & struggle betreen ive goverpr-ent acd the pespi« was inevitable, The Legs- lions Lsve bern the prey of an ai tadon more or leva tecret. but which a: any oppor uci y may bresk out into revelotiin. Three times Austria fatervened with hor arivies to re-estedli¢h the su’hority of the Pope, con. alontiy repudiated by his eubjo-ts. ¥ ance replied on the eacond Austrian fatervention by the cee m of Ancora, cn the third by the taking of Rome. fvery tims Francs bas fonud herself in ore sence of push events she hae fe't the necessi y 0° mode's. ting his eof things, whic’ fs @ seancal to Kurope an¢ tn immense Ch+iac'e to the pacideation of itat The ‘Memorandum’? of 1941 proves ihe deo! state of the nd the meorsity ad ong i m. The diplowatle coxresy carries (ho Impression of the he reform whica Pius IX. himself 1 1846 wore the feof! of hiv Long wofourn where he coud judes wih bie tise deplorabia regime impoved c Vat. stupe ely ibe counsels of the Powers " xa na of ihe Pope were desizosed by tha ons ns 6 ciarienl orgavizetin yppouod to any epoca) 9 er, Tf there is obe fact that ta eles if Ioter yoore, It ie the diMantiy, op ve 26 Seoprvelbility. of ateform by tre rCarOue@l.8 desires of the por, Ume and ine le Napoleon.’? But it is evident that ‘be Court of Rome will combat to the last ex remity, and with all the means tn its power, the execution of two a. It well knows how to accommodate itself by apparently ecoerent civil and even ‘tics! reforms, eure of rendering ney ya ; but it also ates that n and the ‘apcleon introduced im'o Rome itself, where the edifice ot its temporal has its foundations, would bare it to the rcots, and cavee it to fall by oes away the Principal support “clerical priv! canenisal Tight.” Nevertbele-s, if it canaot be hoped to introduse 8 Wue reform exactly in that centre where the union of ‘the temporal suthority wim spiritual power is so inter- laced that it is im, ible to disconnec: them without: rurnirg the risk o! .oyir g them, it may at least realized ig those parts which show themae!ves less re- clericai yoke, which isa burning torch of \d corruption, which furnishes » pretext for the permanent ocevpation «f the Austrians, excites dipio- matle compllesitous and disturbs tne balance of Europe. We are of cpinion that it is possible, but om the condi- tion of repara'ing, at iesst sdministratively, this part: stom the State of Rome. Insach @ menner an apostolic irinetpatity would be f rmed of the Legations, under the high demi: iun of the Pepe. but by ita own laws, having itgown tribonais fisarce, and army. We oon- sider that renewiog a much as possible the order of the traditics s of the Napole nic kizgdom will be sure to soon Produce a consi érable m ral eflecs, and mill be a great. step towaros re eetabliahing Sree em ae ‘those po- pulations. Without fla ering that combing- sions of this »ature cen last forever, we consider, how- ever, that for a log time i: would be sufficient for the exd propored to pec'fy th se provinoss, and give satiaiac- tion to the wants of tbe p opie. and assure the temporal government uf ‘he Holy See without the aid of permanent Joreign ocon pation, We wil: incicare briefly the essential pointe of the pro- ject, ana the means of giving them effect: — 1, The provinces of the Romaa State situate between the: Po, the Adriatis, and ‘he Appenioes (from the province cf Ancons to of Fe'rece). al hat remaining sub- ject tot gb dominion of the Holy Ses, shall be com- plete’y secularized and organized as regards admiaistru- tive, jucictal, mukery, sna financial matters, im such & Way aa to be separate from the remainder of the State. Nevertheiess the ciplomatic and religious relations wil? remain ¢xciusively the concern of the -ourt of Rome. 2. The territorial anc administrative organization of ‘this Principality to be este tiehed iu the form in which (icky ated the — of piysoror ge L Ser ype The ode Napoleon to be promu gate e] necessary modifications in tre Titles “regatding he rela‘ions be- tween Church and State. 3, A ley Pontifical Vicar to govern these provinces, «with Ministers and » Covnsil of State. Tae position of the Vicar named vy the ope to be guaranteed for ten yeara at eect. The ministers, the Councillors of State, and all the government « fficers to be named by the Pon- tittcal Vicar, their sgislative and executive powers. never should exterd to religious matters, nor to mixed: matters thet may be previously « eterm: nor, in fine, to whatever regar¢s political international reiations, 4, There prcvinees to ¢ ntriou'e a fair peceorane to. the maintenance of the Court of Rome and to service of the public deb: actually existing. 5. An indigenovs srmy (o be organized immediately by means of the military conscription. 6. Besides the communa! and provincial councils, » geverai council to be formed for the examixation and re- gulation of accounts. Now, if the means of execution are considered, they ‘will be found not to present so many difficulties as at first might be supposed. In ‘he first place, the idea of an minis!rative separadon of the elions is not Rome. It was propesed several t: by dij and even acvossted by some members of the Oe! lege, though in terns mere restricted than those neces- sary to make 1 a serious and durable work. e irrevceable wil) of the Powers aud taeir determina- tion to put an eno without celsy to the foreign oscupation will be two motivcs that will determine ‘he Uoart to accept this plan, which in the main re«pecte its tem: power, a:d leaves iovact tne sctual orginization of the centr the greater part of its States. But, once ad- mitted as @ piinciple, 1: will ve necestary that the exeeu- tion of the preject shoul: be conficed tos high commis- sloper named by the Powers, since it is most clear that if this tesk show be le't to the Pontifical govermment it would find in ite traciticmal goveroment the means of falsifying entirely the new institutions. Now, it cannot be crncealee that should the forcign oscuy conse without these reforms being frackly execu‘ed, and with- ‘out a public force being eetabiithed, tere would be every reason to fear a rerewal of reditions quickly followed the return cf the Austrian army. Such an event be the more cepleranie, inasmuch as the effect would seem to condemn beforehand every attempt at improve- went. It fs therefore gay en the conditions above enun- clated that we consicer the cessation of forsign oecupa- tiom porsibie which might be «lected in this way z= The Pontifical government has ac’ two regiments of Swiss anc two of natives, altogether about 8, men, There soldiers are suffisient to m»intain order at Rome and in the provicces not e-mprehended in the adminin- trative civ.rion above mentioned. The new indigenous troops, o: ized by means of the conscription mm the secwiarized provinoes, would insure ies eat there. Tho Frerch might leave Rome, and the Austr! the Legeiicns. Nevertheless, the French troops, returning by land to their country, might, in passing, halt temporsrily in the de'ached provinces. Tney should ze- wain for . | aeRy Fie ee pe) and strictly nesesrary for the fcrma'ion of the new indigenous treops, which a uid be orgenizee with their assistance. ee Interesting Debate in tne Sardini Partiae mene Oo ant Cuvoar’s Report of nis Mission fo Paris, M. Cavovg, President of the Sardinian Council, thus replied to the interpellations of M. Baffa in the Chamber of Deputies, on the 7th instant, and said: — 0 order to grat 7 the just impatience of the Cham- er aud ccuntry, | consider it my wey to give you 9 short eccount of the proceedings of the Sardinian Plenip«tentiaries in the Paris Congress. The Cham- er will understand that I cannot enter into length- ned details, owing to the reserve imposed upon me by diplomatic usage, and becanse a number of ques- tions stil] remain unsolved. When the ernment signed the treaty of alliance it did not think proper stipulate in a specis! manner the position ich that its Plenipotentiaries were to occupy in the negotiations. It was, however, well underst no peace should be concluded without the tion of Sardina, The oven thought the remainder should be left to events, the inflaence of a nation depending much more on its own con- duct and reputation than on written astipu- lations. Ovr expectation was not deceived, either on the field of battle or in the Peace Con- gress. Nothinghad been decided with regaré to our General-in-Chief. Nevertheless, everybody knows the influence he exercised, not only on the field of battle, but also in the war councils; for the reputation he acquired is henceforth European, and his glory is a national glory. The mission of the Sardinian Plepipotentiaries to the Congress had a dovble object. These were to participate in the peace negotiaitons, and direct the attention of the allies to the unfortunate condition of Italy, and to the mode of remedying her evils. first part of their tack easy, the cause of the West being supported by the guished statesmen represen ing England and France, and the Russian Plenipo- tentiaries evincing a spirit of which I em ally bound to acknowledge, becanse it was especialiy manifested towards our country. I am consequently inclined to believe that treaty will not only have restored peace be- tween Sardinia and ia, but will draw closer the ties of triendsbip which during centuries exist- ed between the house of Savoy and. the Romanoff family. The object of the alliance has been com- pa attained. All danger on the side of Russia 8 disappeared. The Eastern Christians have ob- tained everything they could desire, and the exis- tence of the Ottoman empire has been consolidated. I do not mean to overrate the consequences of the treaty nor oor material advantages; but I must say that the neutralization of the Blaca Sea and the free navigation of the Danube will exercise a bene- ficial influence over our trade. We have obtained another advantage, by the consecration of a new maritime principle as respects neutrals in time of war Thanks to that principle, the small States have no longer to dread the affronts of the strongest, and thos disappeared one of the causes which might have broken the Western alliance. Since the con- clusion of the treaty of Vienna a secondary Power Min fey the first time permitted on this occasion to partici ite in the solution of a anne affecting the general interests of Europe. Thus have all the doc- trines established to the prejudice of seco States at the Vienna Congress been set at nought. fact greatly raised our country in the estimation of na- nations, and placed it in a position where the wisdom of the government and the virtue of the will mointein it. I am now about to treat @ uestion. The French Plenipotentiary had directed tl . ara of the of the elgia excesses: = mi by & portion e against Frevch cavarttnent and its chfef. The English defending the princi- bases Plenipotentiary, efter warml: le of liberty of the press, which is one of the f the British constitution, loudly condemned those ixceeses. Iconcurred in his declaration by a sim- ‘le adhesion I did not think proper to deliver a speech in favor of liberty of the press, because I might not have efficacionsly served its cause, and would baye certainly injured that of the Italian cyertion. Some of the Penipotentiarics, besides, would have been enchanted to divert attention from the italian question and fix it onthe press, But had spoken I should have only followed the exam- le of the English Minister, and adhered im gicat measure to the sentiments expressed 'y the French Plenipotentiary. The latter, in very moderate language, condemned the exceses, not of the journals profeesing exaggerated doctrines, but of these which attack the French government, not by orgement but by contemptible aluse and atrocious calumnies, Friendly relabons cannot lon con between two nations when euch joaraols ‘ ‘ited to extct. In manifesting that opinion \ 1 sha ve only rapeoted what T have already roid in t iwuse. Five years ago I stated that Kiberty of the press could “be carried to its ntmost | iaoite without danger at home, but that the case | wend ho diliere regard to foreign States; and \1 2 hat truth, that if I were a , f shovld be inclined to conour in 5 friend Orbon's opinion, and consider it my duty to denounce to the chamber the perils such a state of thingn is ealeulated to produce; and, in doing so, Tehentd he intimately convineed of having rendered on fmmence cervies ta Mberty. The fovdivian J Plenipotenuaries direcied the atiention or tug