The New York Herald Newspaper, March 24, 1856, Page 2

ST ‘orrespendence. ’ i Ate ‘Tre Legislaturo—Endeavors to Shorten the Session—The tempt to Blect a United States Senator—Fanewil Halt Marke—Small Bank Notes Atlacked— Mellen Sent to the Lumatic Hospital The New Hampshire Election—The Opposition and the Maine Law—The Project of Annexing Chelsea to Boston—Decline of the Annexation Fever— First Spring Sales of Real Extate—New Officers of Hav. ward College—The Charlestown Navy Yard—The Weak- ness of the Defences of Boston. ‘The Legislature, which bas been in session eighty-one @ays, gave the first indication of determination not to vemain here more than two months longer, on the 19th. On that day, in the Senate, a gentleman who had asked for leave to build a wharf haa leave to take his business ‘ever to the next session, as there was not time to make an order of notice returnable by the first of April. This would seem to indicate a determination on the part of the assembled wisdom to be off ‘n April, but some mem- bere of the Legisiature assure me that they cannot possi- Diy get away before some time in May. Perhapeif the weather should by any unexpected accident become good, the rertion would be brought to a summary close, as the agricultural members would have to go home to attend to thelr ploughing, instesd of staying in Bos- eon wo hear practical lectures on wild oats, small potatoes, and soforth. There is one thing that, if it shourd be attempted, will make the ression more lively than it has yet beea. I allude to the much talked of plen for the election of a United Btates Senator to take Mr. Sumner’s place, a twelve” month in advance of the usual time for effecting a choice ofthat functionary. For sixty-seven years—that is to way, trom the commencement of the present form of na- tional gcvernment cown to this time—nothiog of the ‘ind bes been attempted im Massachusst's, althougo whigs, democrats and coslitionista have hed opportu- itive to place men in the Senate dy departing from the eustom that has so long prevailed, and lost the chances by their regard for » ussge that has come to have the force of Jew. In 1850 the whigs migh: have called the Legislature together, and have chosen Mr. Winthrop, im which cave Mr, Sumner would never have been # Sena- ter. The ceadMtionista might bave sfezted a successor to Jobn Davis, m 1852, when they had the Legisiature— Doth branches—but they would aot doo. Some of Mr, Rantoul’s frends wished to bave him chosen Senator at that tession, but not two men out of twenty-nine in the Senate, could te found ready to pledge themsolvex to the meacure, though a4 would have voted for him ii he could bave been nominated with propriety. Io 1854, after the resignation of Mr. Everett, the whigs might have had the Legislature as- sembled, and have chosen one of their leaders to the va- eaney, in which care General Wi!son would never have been in the Senate—at lesst, not at this time. There is no law forbidding the election of a Senator at this time, bat the action of two generations has given the validity ef law, perhaps I might say of a constitutional provis! 2, to usage in this matter. The Sate, under ordinary cir- eumstences, would unseat any man elected a: this ses- sion, supposing that the e should be auother Senator at the session of 1857; bu: the circumstances are extraordinary, and it is argued that the Senate would divive in tavor ot apy man who sh uid he choted to ane- eeed a free sciler like Mr. Sumner. This is assumiog ‘that the next Serate will be as strongiy aemocratic as ‘the present, ard admitiing that the American party of Masrachusetts must be besten in November next. ‘The assumption terms to me not to be altoga:her war- vanted by the political condition cf the country; ani the @émission need not be made, unless those who are dent the elecion of a Senator shali succeed in their design shat proceecing woud indabitab/y smarh the American , #0 that even the pieces would not be worth saving. ie worth menticning that not a word was seid about this matter until afer the Fillmore and Done!son nomioations ‘were mace. if thought of, it was not taixed about. Are we to attribute this change of aciion to the despair ¢on- went on those nomitations? am iold that Gov. Gardner favors the plan of electing @ Senator now, and that shculd it suce-ed he will be the waceessor of Mr. Sumner. I can scarcely believe it. That and discretion in managing matters, should be for mukiag an attempt, ‘silure in which wouldgbe utter ruin, it is heard for one to suppose possible. If the story be true, it is only ano.her proot of the intense foolishneca that is in- velved in the “‘tolies of the wise.” Some of the Ameri- ean leaders are warmly opposed to the project, and cii it depend tor success upon their party io the Legis- lature, chances of being carried out would be ; but the whig members are some sixty mm wumber in the House of Represen‘ative:, ani ther hatred of Mr. Sumner is reckoned upon as something that wi!l cause them to go ail lengths to pan- ish him—a men with two dozen shirts—for -eving gone ever to the democrats, as in effect he did, though he is galled a freesoiler. The wi igs msy allow their jeelings brains out sgainsts wall built bya few leaders of the which struck them sown tes 1064. ee House of Representatives dves not agree with the in ths latter’s Gesire to bring the session to an it bas abolished ali restrictions in the order of An cfficer of the Legwistare tells me that the hardly be over betore the mi ‘dle of June. Tne last hearing before the Legi«lative Commitcee on Maine Law was bad yorrsay. There was much valuable evidence given. it was shown thet the exiu- ‘tence of the law had beans source ot profit to liquor dealers. The Colnmittee on Public Buildings have reported in of ejecting the present wnants under Fan- evil Hall, and ot converting the rooms into stails tor mar- ket . Last evening the Common Council voted to obtain legal opinion ats whether the city bas nay Fight to lease any portion of this edifice to any parties, or fcr aby purpore whateoever. The project of suppressing emall notes is Aitrecting evnsiderable attention in our Tegisiature, and is ur; wy some ‘of our principal papers. It {s a sort of attack on country banks by those of the city, and the very ‘men and papers that new urge it as som~ hing that ought to be adopted for the se‘e.v of the comuunity, are the same who ured to denounce the democra:s as - and levellers for recommending the same thing. Mellen, the crack-brained ist, who has been a al nuisance f.r some time past, has been sent to South Boston Lunsti: Hospital. He should have ‘been sent there long Men who knew better tnan to make ot the mental infirmaties of a poor creature, but who, nevertheiexs, cid make rt of them, will Ihave to look el-ewhere for abutt. The ast which brought dim at last within the grasp of the authorities will hardly Bear being tola except im very private conversation. ‘The New Hampshire democrats aie hard. They sasert ‘What the opposition nave not a reliasle mejority in the lature, and say that Gov. Metcalf cannot be re- lected in that booy. They may be right, but I do: 't believe a word of what they say, which ts very like wh«: the Orientals eall bosh, sad the Uccidentala, humbuz. ‘The Maine law hurt the te og Sma fest them, one way or another, fi! some thousends of votes, If ies Old Man of the Sea upon t! must expect to go slowly along the itieal course. 1, in weight they cannot carry. Ni but the unpopu- larity of President Pierce saved the opposition from a smashing de’eat in New Hampshire. Men wil no: .¢ by seabel of drunken temperance fanatics, ‘who would g.vern the country on Prinoipios such a2 09- taun in Vienna, but are ut erly unfit for Americsn life. The preject cf annexing Chelsea to Basten has been re- fed against in our Board cf Aiderman and Common Beane “The town property of Chelsea bears no propor- tion to that of Boston, while the town debt ($70,000) greater proportion to its taxable valuation than city cebt of Boston, exclusive of the water debt, to the taxabie valuation of Boston. No good could foliow to Boston ficm the uccess of the projsct which ix not Just as likely to be had, should justice ve done, without %t. Boston would bave to pave Chelsea really at her own eost, anc incur other expenses, should annexation take place. As to water, there is reason for beiteving that the supply fiom Cochituate Pond 1s already too smell for the purpores of Boston itself, and annexa- tion would lead to the laying out of a great deal of money, without any corresponding gain in the riment. The propcsed union seems very like sueh an one as a youtn of moderate means might prepore to a very rich old la¢y—a union of hearts aoa hourekeeping, with the latter very decidedly fn the Qscendant in the calcalstion. The current of opinion sppears now to be setting as strongly against annexetion As it was a Jew years ago in its favor. The first real esiste sales of the season were made lately by auction, being that of house No. 61 Shawmut avenue, and the estate No. 28 Hanson street—the tormer bringirg $9,500, and the latter $4,600. A lot of 2.100 feet of iand, near Ashland place, brought $1 75 per toot, and two other lots, on ihe same site, brought, renpestive- Ry, $1 2535 per fooi, ana $1 14 Mr. Torrey has been vnanimonsly ooofirmed by the Board of Overscers of Harvard College a Professor of His- tory in that institu'ion. This place ass been kapt v=. .nt for years by the appotnting power, sll becau-e of the sal Jenness of the old togiex composing it, on assouct of tue refusal to confirm Mr. Bowen, when he was appyinved to fill ft, six or weven years ago. ‘Tuey bev beon waiting to get coufirming beard; but a») the @oming of we Greek kalends appears to be more likely than that they have at. lact abandoned the hope of getring Mr. Lowen booked for im a place for which he bec uot a soivary quasi and he office has been conferred upon a gentione mitely bis superior, with whose anpoinvmest all tistiec. Mr. Sivey has been conficme Harvard College, vice Harris, deceased. ie d qualidvations (ur the p ot Ohariestowa will pot de removed uniess she people of Bont iH i t very much, 4.3 resentatives 4") take such wa ir shoulders as that, tory a be left for the poopie of Ch tion, sod they Stave prison if they 5 y land, and eatrent os earnestly a4 Ajex did for ligut. Now they cen get inod only by the removal cf tee wo inetfrntions named, one of which ovghs to be seat to Quiney snd the other to Newport, R. 1. Ihe navy yard, should war suicenly break out with Eogiaod, would only drew opon us s!] toe power that kugland could concentrate in cur Noctoern waters. it is probavle that two or theee months citgent wail direct ed Iabor would meke our herbie aa strong a Gronatadt fteeif, and Lat the whole firitin navy eouid not get above the Light, nature having Jone muca f+ 14 and art not@ li tle; amd we cout ge: together a force that would not biench even betore the wen of Alma and Intermann—ee many of the letter, | mean ra British red tapelem waa left allve, which Itakety be in propor. | Vion ot one to # thonssod. Bat what eigatty strong for « good positions, ehallow waters, rarcow ahanueis and brave men, when we have as few good guns ns thoalieshag | > | mecala NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, MARCH 24, 1856. ! ecmmenced the siege of Sebastopol? Messa- | churetts wagid thank no government for men, having enough to of ber own for her own ¢: i trering the dmportense ot Boston as a nati: port, the government st Washington rm the ports that were built for the place 5 roe thicgs mow Be, halle dots g ber pay Alten ortweatynallices tion, pa v for the privilege of aot being Bombarced, Condition and Government of Canada. [From the Londen ‘Toman; Marge 5.) * * Com) tate of things disclosed in the speech of the Crater nn the vwo Canadian Chambers with tke condition of Canada only 20 years ago, and consider by shat meane and by wheal snfinances. tae, mighis sare. Tution that comparison evince bas, been fe on the my settlement of the ques‘ion of the Clergy wees an Reserves, and anticipates an equally sett ement of the equally vexed question of jenures. He pote wre 4 the Parliament, justice and reason, on the opening of 250 miles of railway, anden- tietpates that 260 more will be opened in the course of the succeeding year. He proposes @ bill to cuange the xominated into an eketed Legislative Cout- ci, He has made arrangements for « line cf steaners bendip Ps St. and land. The revenue eset —, of cuty from the reciprocity treaty with Ame- rica {a comprnsatea by the increase of commerce. Nor does he onit to express, in terms which he well knows find a response in the bosom ot one of bis sympathy in the war an ful terwinaticn, Such Gevera) of Canada. Cen this Canada really be the same Canada, the sane jacd of end’ess Ciscontents and mireries that burs: out into armed reteltion less than twenty years ago, and was only prevented by the sternest acts of military repression from throwing itself ioto tne arms of the American Uaion, and following in 1807 the exawp'e of 17767 Can this be the Cinada whore Assemblies were for ever stepping the supplies, impeac-ing their Governors, parsing mutinous and even treasonable addresses, and abandoning Ives to be led at will bd the mest empty and most furious of demagoguss Can this be the Canada, poor and decert —without cspital and without credit—whose scanty population required an army to keep them down—whose fortresses could not be intrusted except to British troops—whose counsila must not befsweyed except by British statesmen’ The land is the same and the people are the same; the diffe- rence is in jas—!n our rules of actien—-in our laws aad system of government. Step by step has the lideral par'y won for Canaca, in spite of the most determined opposition, the libsrties and privileges which have maae her bappy, great aud prosperous. The act for uniting the two provino-s ard constituting a single Legislatare for bo h was snore of many ef ite most veluable pro- virions by the tory pary of that aay, and Parliament has ever since been employed in conceding, piecemeal, Hight which ough: never for a moment to have been witbheld. Ine power of dealiog with the Civil, List was conceded im 1847, bat it was only afer a long and eager struggle that Parliament could be preva'ied upon to grant the mach desired right of dealing with questions of religious endowments accord- ing to eclovial rather, than impertel ideas, involved in the passing of the bili to recularize the clergy reserv It is ove cf the many bit ssings which attended on Lai Lerby’s exit from power that it preventet the tracamis- sich of & cespstco to Canada depriving the colonists of all Lope of deating with what they justly conridered co ovial and not imperial property. With equal difficu!- ty was the right to ceal with seignorial ienuces and to modify the Canadian constitu'ion wrung from the grasp ot the Evgiisn tories, It may, indeed, be doubted whether this jast measure will be carried fato effect, for the Assem bly has tasted the sweets of absolute power, ard will uct be resdily induced to substita.e for che wesk check of s nomina.edgchambar the efficieat coua- terpoive of another popular asseubiy. Bat we have in concecing the right, whether that rigat pe ely exercised or not. Thus, then, it has come to pass that wealth and pros- perity have fixed eheir abode in Canada, and that a Yernor, who is escorted by native volunteers, speaks, in the name cf her Mejesiy, to the Parhament with a force and autbority which ail tne bayonets of the British army could never have covferred upon him. Here we have the most signal and decisive instance of the work- ing 0° the principles pro.eseei by the two parties between which the Legisia ure and the country are divided. It seems hardly credibie, consicering the fallibility of hu- man natue, that one party should have been ao entirely right, and the otner so uniform'y and a perseveringly wrong. And yet the men who would, their blind anc berrow counrels been listened to, have prevented all this happiness, have perp-tuated all this misery, and aliepated for ever from us that noble community—our surest ally and our strengost support—siill rank among the Jeacers ot party, still form and govern public opinion among large masses of men, and are neither discredited by their own incapacity nor put to shame by the mani- fest and diegracetul failure of toeir own measures. Eng- land fcrgives them all, and may, for aught we know. in- trust to Lord Derby ard his companions again the power ‘that he bas used to fet er her commerce. to alienate her eclonies, to check every tiberal impulse, and arrest the rogress of every enlightened measure. Nay, nothing unted by the uniform ill success of the past, the spirit of ancient toryism seems to be again alive and rampaat, bury as ever in the attempt to perpetuate abuses and in- equalities, and frostrave, on the most frivolous grounds, the most useful and enlightened measures. No couatry i e:ritlhd to gcod government that will submit to bad, and England, if she refuse to be taught by ths experieuce of Canacs mey possibly learn those truths at her own expente which have been s9 fulzy demonstrated to her at the cost uf her dependencies, FRENCH TRADE WITH CANADA. (Erom toe Paris Constitationnel, tfarch 5.) * * * . * Cansda, that ancient colony of France, which passed into the ‘hends of England, by a cession ever to be re. membered with regret, has seen its population increase during the century in * proportion of tl ty to one. She bar not Jess than 2,000,000 of inhabitants, ot which near- ly 700,00 are ot French origin. Her progress in every circumstance has increased beyend what might have been anticipates from the times, and has not been less rapid than tke increase cf the population. She is endowed with a coupe system of communications, by land and sea, whieh are not surparsed in the world. Not onty is the St. Lawrence ravigable for large ships as tar as Que- vec or 150 leagues trom its mouth, not alone cam veesels of 300 tons proceed evea 60 leagues further, up te to oreo bet — and deep canals have been formed in places where the river becomes dangerous for navica- ticp. On the other, hard the country is covered with » net work of splendid roacs, whieh are gradusily meking way for-railrosds, end these wil! uni’e all portions of the tertitory, which has an exvent of four hundred leagues by ene bundred. We receive at this moment only an insignificant quan- tity of Cavadien produce, Canacs, on her side, receives our gcoos incitectly through England or the United States It is estimated that our merchandi-e, hampere1 with duties, commissions, &c., costs in Canada en addi- tional 100 per cent om ite value in France. It may, therefure, be een how advantageous would be a direct in tercourse between the two count:ies. The consumption of French goods in Canada would increase a hundreafuid, and we rhculd obtain at ehesper rates the produce of that country. The recent decrees relative to the pur- chase of foreign vessels will permit us to turn our eyes to the admirable dockyards of the St. Lawrence, where excellent snd swift rhips are constructed, cheaper than elsewhere. One of the numerous advant 3 Ob: tainec by the siliance with kngland is, that une French fing bas been permitted to appear in a river from whence i; bad been exiled so long. In former days much blood had been spilt there by our fathers in terrible struggles against that sane English people which has foughc by our sides in the Esst for the triumph of civilisation. Well, now, a f:esh struggle, one more in contormity with vith the actual sentimenta of the two na- tions, may arise in Canada; a struggle of triendship, of activity, Isbor and commeros. These contests cost pei- ther blood nor tears, and the combatants are ever hap- pier and more weal'hy. It would be a fine spectacle t> fee our commerce reeonquer for France in Canada a por: tion, at least, of the advantages ueually drawa by the mother country trom the colony. We should then regret leas the cession of this colovy, a cession which by ‘ime, and tharks to the admiraole spirit of Eoglish govern: ment, has obtained for it a quasi-independence, Correct History of the Capture of the Presi- Cent (rigace. Accrrespondent who speaks sdvisedly of the scene of the war ot 1812, having served in the navy at that pe- riod, tends us the following asthe teue version of an event that some of our recent histories aad school books relate very one-sidedly snd incorrectly :— There was no one occurrence during the late war that seemed to affect the public mind generally more than the capture of the President. Being as she was tie crash ship of our navy. and commanded vy Decatur, impossitinity was almost ¢xpected from her, and a singular case that po one could bear to hear the ciroumstences attending her capture mentioned, but alone, to inquize whether there was any honor lost er won. Now, it is a fact that there was not an action during the war ia which our «u- periority over the enemy was more conspicuous, as te painting shows that tbe Endymion was compietely owmentied, and could neither veer nor stay, and wae completely at the mery of the President —bad rhe been a single ship—as she could have taken any position she chose. The English always apenk of the aperior force of the President over the Kady- ion, which in fact was not the case. It is true that Presi¢ent carried one gan more on ths main deck, and one en the apyer broadside, than the Endymion. but the E.'s shot were much the heaviest. Daring the chase several tventy-tour pound shot cam d tae P. and ‘were weighed to ascertain her weight of me*al, and ware found to weigh three pounds more than the Prealdent’s twenty four pound shot, which was found iavariab y to be the case, us the (heir metal was much finer than ours. Now, allowing the qnarter deck ana forecaatie guns to bo in the sam @ proportion as the main deck the Endymion threw one hundred pounds more weight of metal ats breadmdelithan the President. The Roglish tried in every care to make it appear that the President was captuced by the Enc ymion ‘The British government some years sinos bad gold meca ® struck, (0 pe clstributed among the naval of who bad cioticgnisbed themselves in the wars with Ira and thy 2) Urived Siates, which weie called ‘good service apd one was awarced to Cap. Hope for the cup. ture of the P. Now this was certainly perpetrating « 1 of ravher the darkest die me pletely whipped thaa the sight when the |. snrrendered to the +: aPron—eo0KiK irg of the Majestic, 74, the Pomonse and fenedos, of 28 gune each, and a brig acd sloop of war In the cbituary of the Inte Admiral Hyde Parker senior, Naval Lerd of the Admiralty of Vein lniec that Capt. II. Parker commanted the gate, aud witnessed the captare of the i »p, Capt. H. Hope, on the tnersed the capture! 4 within gun shot when th , itis re ‘ene tos fri- President frigate 15:h of January, amusing! The ‘omoore came 1 wed the President, ani the Kadymion was weve, ral miles astern of her, lying an unmanageanle wreck, All the sehor! books giving #n account of the war say it terminated by the cap ure of the President, a whip ° arger force by the Endymion, It ia therefore evi at the British ace snbdterf ge, to make it appes trate Presivent was onptured by a’ single rhip sad of interior force, The English Rule in Indéa. OUDE ANNEXED—DIFFYERBNCE BETWEEN ANNEXATION AND BLQUESTRATION-—¥ ALUE ‘PLUNDER— ACTIVITY OF LORD PALHOU: TRATION DOW'T PAY—TBE PERSEAN QU. SULTAN AND THE ABYSSINFAN SLAVE SY (Cosrespondence of ihe ‘Times } Cargures, Jon, 7A, 1858, The proclamation anvexing Oude has not yet appeared, but the order bas been passed, and the troops are ewarm- ing to Cawn; The nome the suthorities, as I in- formed you, left the Governor General carte blanche, and, | ae usual, he bas adopted the most com, and definite of the two lines of open tochim. Oue te to be annexed, and not sequestra' ‘The difference is, that in s seques- trated province the surp us, instead of swellipg the gen- eral remenna.st Ea ames pe iret winin ee province iteelf. system is greatly in favor clder cflicials, and has some few advantages. The pro- rmit. These advantager, Lowever, are outweighed by extreme injustice of the poset asa The provinse obtains the benefit of our expensive adminislra- tien, of our strong army, of incorrup)ible officers, aad of we profound peace which our arms wecare, and pays nothing. The revenues of Bengal and Madras are com- pelled to bear the whoe of the imperial expenditure. ‘Mycore is a sequesterated province, but the experiment will tcarcely te repeated, and certainly mot in Oude. ‘the system which has been so suceessful in the Punja> is to be trapaferred thither entire, General Outram will be Chief Commissioner cf the pzovince. Mr, Martin R, Gubbins, weil krown to the public as au able colfeotor, wili be Finance Conmisstorer, The Judictal Commis- sicner, Mr. Oa , ts Yess known; but ho bore a ‘sigh reputation a@.& Young man, god is gatd to be # ater, de- cisive juege. The Secretary, Mr. G, Couper, has been tor the past two years Uncer Secretary In fhe Fore De- partment, and bas earned for bincelf'a feputati én as an aetive working officer. Heis cne of a number of young rapidly to the highest posts in the county, seem unconrciousty to have administration a1 rough gcing roformers in the country, 1e ditices to the empir ered promotion unusually ra, heads of departments scarcaly tairty years of age. ig'usual in Europe. ‘Yo return to Oude. An army of 16,000 men is now col- lected at Cawnpcre, and ina ‘ew cays will be pouring to- warcs Lucknow. 'No resistance is expected, but Lord Dalhe usie never leaves opportunities to the disaffected fiectation of security. There are ru- are isclined to put ina claim they are already fully ooo ab ell ed sh (£120,000 a year), and will retain, I presume, his personal immuni- ter. ‘The Jaghirdars will retain their yeot-fiee lands for Ife, ard a new setilerent will be immediateryy com menoed. to the official In three years it ts expected, according estimate, that the surplus revenue wil be £1,500 000 sterling.’ According to my estimate—the source of whica youknow—the lua will be considerably nearer £2 500 - 000, is cne of the richest countries in A: che soil i ag tertile as thet of the Doah, whi'e the eastern districts are as rich in minerals as Cornwall. Under our rule the population will, doubuless, increase as rapidly 48 trat of the Northwest Provinces, and districts which, like Nauparah, have been recently and wilfully desolate!, will recover their proeperiiy. t ir, that Lord Dalhousie will not remain to complete the work he bas begun. [Correspondence of the Lon?on Times } Bomnay, Feb. 2, 1856. The news brought by the Semirami:. respesting the usrrel be:ween Mr, Murray snd the Shah of thought rufficiently erious to warrant the making of » demonstration m the Persiaa Gulf, and, accordingly, on the 19th of last month, two war sieamers, the ajtliaha and Victoria, having been prepared for sea with geeat speed, railed for Busbire. Imentioned in my last the de- spstch of ancther vesrel of war to Judda, in the Red sea. on account of cisturbanees having ariren between the Turkish authorities and the Acab population. Latelli gence has been more recen'ly received. from which i: wouid.ap2ear that thece « ifferences haves double origiain the fanaticiam and the eupidity of the Arab population of Judda ana Mecca. Toeve has existed from time immemo- rial constant and extensive traffic io slaves between th» ports o1 Judda, on tte Arabian, and Maseowab and othec places on the Abyssinian shore of the Red Sea, At Masso- 4 sonuaily. A cepitatin tex om each individual imported ints his dominions was paid into the trearw'y of the Sultan, who was thus cirect- Jy interested in promcting avd extending the trade. But Abdul Me*jid. the al’y ot France and England, saw its ini- quity and determined on its suppression. Some months tince an imperial order, strie'ly inter- Cicting all traffic in slaves, was iorwarded by the Porte to its authorities at Jacda. There 1s was prociaimed by the Pasha, and a copy sent on to the Governor of Meces, who, backed by the official authority of the Cadi, au: notneed it as jaw. But the priests and the people gen- erally were not so easily satisfied. The rescript was de- elared to be op] to the express precepts of the Korap; am at ack eas made upon the Cadi, who, with Gifficul y, escaped with vis life; troops were called ‘out, a Muezvin was killed by ® Turkish soldior, a regular fignt enrued, and the troops, after consicerable loss on botn sides, ook refuge in the fort. The road to Judda was seized and occupied. The Pasba was threatened, and not he only, but the Consuls also; but’ Turkish guards were stationed for their prote:tion, and the town, thovgh in a state of siege, was inno immediate caoger. The autbority of the Porte, however, is much weatened, or. rather, the slightness ofits hold upon the Arars is strikingingly mapifested. ym the London Post (official), Feb. 21] The kirgdom of Vuce, with its fertile territory in the valley of the Garges, reems about to contoru to the law of gtavitation which] has evidently established iiselt amung the kingdoms of Hindcstan, apd c:ntribute ite drop of three miLions of inhabi‘ants and three mil ions steriing of revenue to the ocean of British suprema:y, which is slowly but surely overflowing the em; of the Megul. K'ngdom after Bip, is swallowed up, and thevortex spreads ard invclves more and more in its re- tistlees whirl. Every Governor General out with the most virtuous reeolge to keep his hands off bis neighbors’ ised but every pr>-consul, neverthe less, finds bimeelf irresutivly constrained, by events which he cannot foresee, and agencies which he cannot contol, to add to thegigantic mass, Yet un‘il the 2uth of June of the present year a century will not have elapsed since, by order of surejah Dowlah 146, British gentlemen, merebants and others, were thrust into a cupgeon eighteen feet square, of whom one hundred and twenty-three died before morning, having been su‘). and stench. Not yet @ cca- ‘And yet more annexation ‘scrbed; and them what next—and next? of Oude is, however, more the resumption of a lapsei fiet trom a Febeliious feudatory, or one who does not falél the conditions of his trust, than the absorption of an independent kingdom, which it never was. NadirShah’s invasion in 1738, his appropriation of the eccumut-*--4 Teputed to amount to £11 000,- massacre at Deihi of one hundred and fiity thousand persons, thook the Mogul empire, of which it found Onde a provinee, to its very foundation; from that blow it never thoroughly recovered, aud accordingly during the reign of Ahmed, from 1747, the peace of the empire was continually disturbed by irrup- tions of Boranees, Mahrattas, Kohillas, and Pstus, and by the ambition of the vwaricus chiefs and guve nors ¢& , Whose efforts to make themselves in- ceyendent were ofien beycnd the control of ‘the central government, which could, in its decay, neither com mani obedience at home nr respect abroad, for after the de- feat of the last imperial army by the Rohillas, in 1749, the Emperors were of iittle political consequence. Amongst these rebellious Satraps, the Nawabs ot Beogal and of Oude were the most successful; their obedieace to thetr master was measured more “by his power of coercing them than by any other standard, and the em- ire of Timur Was thus gradually melting away. Bat » rdier aod more conquering race had set toot on the shores of Hindostan; Surajah Dowlah had not long to boast of his murderous exp.oit on the Hooghly, for, little more than s year after, on the 234 of June, 1767, cam- C.ive’s grim reply at Plaseay, and, with the conques: of Bengal, the march ef events began to batt no more whica was to place the inheritanze of the Mogu: in the hands of the Biitieh. When, in 1768, » deposed Nawab of Rangal fod to t 16 Nawab of Oude for sesistance against thé Bog i.a, wach he ob‘aineo, Clive and Hastings, never par.iculaciy scru- pulous, made short work of the auchority of Shaw Alium, the entative of the Mogul emperors, aa. righttol superior; and thenceforth Oude, though nomi- nally not under’ British sway, was virtually govern from Caleutta, ‘The tribute In posed upon ic 1a 1777-5 dace of rupees a year—wes raised to $4 lace in 1781, ana to 60 lacs in 1787. That pecusar condition whieh has 0 frequently aitende¢ British protection now began to de- velope iteelf in Oude. Secure, under that safeguard, alike from eggression abroad, and from insurrection at Lome, it was pot in the nature of an [ncian Drince to ab- stain from oppressing and plundering his subjects; and even at that distan: date the tyranny of Asot ud-Dowlah brought cown the reprebension of the Court of Directors; the Governor General remonstreted; but British autho. rity was not then so firraly establithes in India at we have teen it, and it ia much to be feared that the luck- less inhabitants of Ouce aid not derive much benefit fiom Bri ish protection. Events now ran their usual course. The customary struggles for dominati m on one side, and Incependence on ihe other, the efforts to ia- creare the tribute and diminish the torces of the Nawab, by the Company, and to ciminish the tribute and keep up his army for the purposes of oppression, on tne part of the Nawab, took place, rach «truggle terminating to the cissdvan'ege of toe Nawab, in the lors of money, an- therity ¢r verritery; and, at iast, his army was ed, excepting @ small force for a body guard, and also ore for the collection cf revenus, and a British tore contoned at Lucknow, in 1800. Henceforward the Nawab war little more than a feudatory of the British Fast Incia Company; and when, in 1806, Shah Allum éied et Aliabsbad where he had been pensioned ny that body, the empire of the house of Timur, comtn nly Ynown as the Mogul empice, may be considered to have come te anend, and the fi Company, atter half # century of wars and conquests, sucsceded, with mteven eolorable claimant against it, to that magaificent in- eritance | Acother half century, also of wars and oonquesta, thovgb on # much more extended scale, has now pied, ord spain the misconduct of the Nawab bas made it ne- | cersary to resume the trust which that officer has aous- ed, a relieve ‘nelves from the sin and shame of main- | taings profligate and tyrannical government with our peta. It is, we repeat, not the annexation of an in- | dependent kingdom, for Oure neve® was one; nor the privation of a people of ita just rights, for the rights of the inhabitant will be infivttely better preserved un- éer Britirh rule than ever they were aoder native. It resembles more the attainder of « treasonable family ‘han anything else; It is jast, it Is politio, it is henefisen', ‘neviteble, yet it marke strangely the destiny w fereiog iteal upon ts in the Fast” Ia the frat quarzer of ) the present century, no less than twelve years in the The annexation tressure of the Moy 000, and his terri men whom I7rd Dathouele has selected, wha are rising , and who imbibed his principles of Beverament. They are the most tho- , and, once in Wer, will effect more for India in & qwelvemonth than effected in a generation. The ad- uring the present reiga bave ren- |, and we have now Imay remaik, en passant, that all our officials are younger thin «nly cause of regret twenty-five witnes:ed accestions to British territory; nor has the recond been less Assam, Berar, Scinde, the Punjeub, Moultan, Pegu, amd Nag- ‘Pore con testify: and yet, trom the extension of ratlways ‘nd electric , and improvei ¢ommanicstion, more consolidate’ in the province Bengal, whilet-better ideas of government prevait, the interests of that teeming population are probab i the hands of a Power the most willing and the mo Ror of any onearth to secure them subs‘antial jus _4* able the benefits of a wise and paternal administra i 4°* The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Int pn ny mm Post (offic org et se rr Poe the * 4Epreted by , March 3 elt Aavisen fom America that the people of the Ur means inclined to fast ® quar if ‘States are by no either of the two ta which F é upon us regerding Hic attention, e is not Ave lately attracted pub guage perceptible inthe pub oly s Eojerstion Ch ‘lan- the disputes between us, db: ° bay or to ence for which we we 4ts of positive iadiffer- 4 general and cle peeo a] convic’ » stone organs palar opinion and that that of” @ government of the United Sates is Isdesirous of w' ,A%Ut poritively asserting that the latter oe enna A, nooneupon this side of the Atlantic, pine 0626 stfien of Mr. Roebuck, will deny that ita re- cout comm’ aneations, bo'b upon the enlistment and tne at questions, display a captious aud un- cones ¥ptrtt, which the friends ot peace cannot but uneasiness, Whether this tone has been lepied AY national, or for merely party objects, it mat ters now souree of been exagze- ark world at | Tt is in either case a rated '.n this country; disavowal o' larg althouga it has probabil; | 25 hee at leat the apie the "policy of the government by a very large proportion Of the American jourvala would leed ts to this conclu: sion. Of the two poirts in dispute we shal! confine oar remarks at present only 10 one. As the correspond ence with regard to the enlistment question has not yet been breught to a close, we abali abstain trom commenting upon iv. But the disputes which have arisen with regard to Central America are now bde- fore the public, and nothing semsins to be added upon either side. The government of the United States apply a certain interpretation to the treaty of 18£0, while we apply another. We insist that {: was purely prospective in its operation, and that i only bound us not to extend our dominions in that quar. ter. The Americars, on the cther hand, contend that it implied # renuncigtien upon our part both of territory and of political influence, Sut they donot ask us to give up sllour settlements in Central America. If they did, their demard would be more intelligible and coa- sistent, The odject of the Clayton Bulwer convention wes to prevent either Power from obtaining the contro! and ccmmend of the isthrus of Darien, and with this view they each stipulated that they would « not asaitte or ¢xereire any dominion over any part of Central Am. riea.” Under this clause the government ot the United Sta‘es insists that we shail abanden our protectoraie over the Mcrquito coast, ans give up the important islan1 ot Ruatan, together with certain other dependencies, bu: that we sbali retain the settlement of Belize—at least so much of it as we obtained from Spain by the treaty of 1786. With this exception, it is contended that all our port essions in Central Ame.ica should be abandoned. But why leave us this remnant of Bedzet Way this reference to an old treaty with Spain, about whish the C ayton-Bulwerffconvention says not one word? We could have understood the American construction of the latter, if apjattempt bad been made to show that it by the cegotiaticg par'ies that we should once and for ever all our possessions in that quarter ot the globe. But why we should abandon part and retain part we do not comprehend. If such had been the inten- tion of Sir Henry Bulwer and Mr. Ci mm they woald sorely bave expressed that intention in explicit terms, ‘They would have clearly defined the ter. itories that were '0 be given up. They wou d have laid down the geographica limita of those tbat were to be retained. That they have not dore so, and that there ie no reference, direct or inii- rect, as to the abandonmeot cf existing rights is the clear. €st proof that uo such wbandonment was contemplated But the American ¢ iplomatiste contend that there is an im- piiea renunciation of our possessions in the Clayton-Buiw:r treaty, or, to speak more correctly, of 8 portion of then ‘this doctrine of ‘‘ implied renunciation’? is mo less origi- nal tben the international theories Intely propounded, by the same au horities, witb regard to Cuba and Denmark The island of Ruatan and the adjoining islands now form a distinct British colony; and, although they are not once mentiored in the treaty of 1850, it s aesumeu that. from the date of its signeture, the Queen ei England re nounced all r'ght and title to them in all time coming. A doctrine more extravegant in itself, and more opposea to gll experience, was never gravely propounded, than that rights of this Emportens nature should be irrec)- verably Jost by mere implication, and without any ex- press uncerstanding on the subject. of the affair is, that which seems to that peace will be r nibited between the 3 the most sirguiar part the American {fiemipowentiary himself who | tigued the treaty wit Str Henry Balwer never dreamec ot attaching to it the comsequences upon which bis government now insista, The treaty was definitively Tutifiea by the President of the United Stetes on the Sth of July, 1850, end upon the previous day Mr. Clayton, ia a despatch to sir Henry Bulwer, ssys that the treaty ‘was not uncerstood “by eisher of us (pA negotiators) t» incluce the British settlement in Honduras nor the small islands in the neighborhood of that settlement, which may be known asi's dependercies. To this settle: went and these islands the treaty was not iatendwi by ether of us to apply.” Yet, in tae teeth of this ex plicit declaration, the American cabinet now contends ‘that the treaty applies to tne whole of these islands, with out exception, and to s large portion of B:itisn Hondu- res. They virtually teli us thas Mr. C.ayton meant that which be forma'ly notified to Sir Henry Bulwer that he cia not meen. Who, then, can be surprised that the people of the United States should evince no disposition to back up their present rulers in tbere preposterous de- mands? Who can be eurpriced that the satter should pe reluc.ant to submit such demands to arbitration? The Argentine Confederation. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDON HERALD. Prestming on the kin¢ness you have already shown in publi-hing @ letter recently received by me respec ing the Argentine Confederation, I take the liberty of asking you to allow me to recti'y an error in that communica- tion, It was there stated that the railway now in pro- cous cf formation under the auspices of the President, Don Justo Urquiza, has been carried to the foot of the ‘Anges, in the direction of Copispo: it should bave been stated that the railway c mmences at Parana, and will terminate at Cordova, a distance of 200 miles. By this uncertaking, the entre navigable extent of the River Parara 1s iaken advantage of purposes of traffic, and the railway then connects *he towa of Parana with the Interior, and in its course penetrates nearly to the ces- tre of la Plata. I need not point out the advantages which this means of communication will open, not only ‘to all emigrants seeking the interior, but to the co.u- merce westward of Parsguay, Uruguay, Buenos A: and Brazil. The long and dangerous voyage by Cave Horn may be tbus avoided, acd the opposite shores of the South American continent ultimately connected by a new and perfect route, for the railvay oree completed to Cordova, it will be extended rapidi the foot of the Andes, im the direction of pape ea Parrage of the Cordillera at this point is alwayA practi cable, ond leads directly to Copiapo, which is the rich»-t town, not only of Chili, but perhaps of the entire conu- nent, the export sof the precious metals from Copiepo alone amounting to £3,000,000 per annum. The pro- vince «f Copiapo is sterile, by reason of the frequest drorghts, and therefore 1s dependent (and must remain £0) upon the imparts of provisions from other countries. Ml open to Coplape the ah provines of St Sabi, too open to po t. John, teom whence grain, cattle, wines, and every production neses- sary to the support of human life, can be in great abundance, and at a difference in expense which is Almost incredible. Theve opportunities, and the commer- cial advantages offer, have not escaped the intelli- gent observation of the President, Urquiza, and the Vice Presicent, Don Salvador Corile, who are the origival pro- jectors of the railway enterprise in question. ‘the early Spanish settlers in the province of S*. John cc ntented themselves with raising from the rica scil about them sufficient for their own consumption. They had no trade, and they did not seek it. At length, however, Don Nicholas Vega became President of that province, and general-in-chief of the army. Don Vega applied bimse.t to the developement of the resources of the province be governed, and in which be possersed, and still possesses, immense estates. His plaus were in progrets when the province was overrun by the solciery of Kosas; ard Don Vega, after a desperate and anccessfal battle, was treacherously cap'ured by General Quiroga, and condemned to be chot. Ais betrayal and escape, in- deed, wou'd form an excellent romance: for afier the battle he made bis prisoners partakers of his hospitality, and while they were astualiy enjoy! it Quirogs oon- trived to introduce a body of troops, who surprised and overpowered Don Vega’s party, aud made them all pri- scnerr. Don Vegs, however, escaped, and, passing tho Andes, took retuge in Copiapo. where, with character- intic energy, about establishing a trade between that place and the province of St. John. «bject in view. he purchased the estate of Romacella, ‘Ofty miles in it, the only district in the province of Copiapo re water and timer are fund in abundence. By means of the resources thus 0- talced, he established the land communication referred to, and brought the produce of the provinee ot Bt. John down to Puerta Caldera, en the Pacific ata short dis- tence from the pert of Copiapo. The formation of the railway will of course supersede the traffic thus orga- nized and carried on by Don Vega, and the government of Chili has to far seconded the enterprise of Vegs aa to rant bim permission to form a tram-road to connectthe ‘uerta Caldera with Copiapo, by which means the trapmt of articles between the two places is 1enaered cheaper ard more expeditious. During the tyrannical rule of Rovas, the Spantards, in great numbers, abandoned the territory of the Gonfede- ration, ard few of the Europesn emigrants, when they arrived at Montevideo, could penetrate iurther, as the town wes belesguered by the forces of the ex: i’resident. Numbers of the French and Genoeve remained at that place; but the Englieh, more resolute and feariesa, pene- trated the interior. and settled there, with that advan- tege to the coustry which always attends the coloniza- ticn of that erergetic people. i myself have witnessed the devastation occasioned by the late war, and since I Jeft Brazil I have watched with the deepest interest the pregrees in commerce, in civilization, and the arte of peace wicbia the Confederation which has followed the expulsion cf Kosas and the excellent rule of Don Justo Urquiza. Destructive Fire IN | Missovrt—Fourrern Tnovsanp Dortars Worth or Toracco Consumen.—Last night, sbout 2 o’cioet, afer our paper had gone to press, the ola tobacco stemmery, belonging to Mr. D J. Garth, ang situated on Paimyra avenue, in this city, together with its epuire contents, was consumed by tire. It con- tained between 250 000 and 400,000 pounds of tobasco, most of which they had received @ faw days previous. Some ten or twelve wagons were lett standing ciose by the rront of the building iat nignt, fall of tooacco, and it was with considerable difficulty they were saved. | The cntire Ices is estimated at about $16,000. We understand tbat ‘here was am insuracce on the whole concern. This is the second ertablirhment Mr. Garth has lost by fire within the lant three years.—Handibal (Mo.) Messenger, March 16 r AOPOSED ‘ABLISHMENT OF 4 MARINE. pee 5 OF THE UNITED STATES CONSUL ON THE 81 {From the Bt. Thomas Times, March 8,] L AGENcy or THE UniteD STATES, ISLAND ov St, Tuomas, March 6, 1866, ‘The undersigned, Prompted by feeliogs of humanity and a tense of official duty, bas the honor to ca | the at- tention of bis Excellency, the Prerident of the Island of St. Thomas, to a snbject wh'ch he deems of great import- ance to ail nations whore ship, visits this island. There are but two hospitals in the city of St. Thomes— one of which is owned or controlled by the government, and is appropriated exelurively to the use of the midtary; tre otner, as he is informed, was erected in the year 18¢2 by @ private subscription, ard was then intendei as ‘Marine Hospital, into which all invalid seamen ould hsve access upon the psymeot of a sum per diex, sufficient only for the current expenses of tho establishment. These benevolent de: for tl amelioration ef the condition of seamen at this island were, however, interrupted by the many difficulties encountered 10 the organization of the i tution. end the building hea been rented to an associa. tion of the pbyefcions of the island, who, when called on by ship masters to visit their sick seamen, order them to their own horpital, now a private monopoly. ee to eid pecuniarily the medical profession of St. Taomes, where thry are kept until the attending physician pro: nounces them convalescent. for whicn the sharge is five dcllers per day each, exclusive of the bill for mediciae, which is unprecededted, and often becomes oppress in theextreme. A single American veaser, while repair- ing at this port, paid to this establishment five hundred ard fifty-tnree’ dollars, and many others have paid smornts nearly as great. The undersigned does not reocgnise the right in these gentlemen to order seamen to their own hospital, and keep them there at their own diseretion; yet, it is difficuit to do otherwise than submit, when vessels, under the law, are subjact to heavy tines fir beeping rick seamen on board, afer a physician us given it his opinion that they should be takea on shore, and there being no other hospital in ths island to which they are admitted. It is, however, due to the mecical gentlemen interested in this horpital to remark, that the underdigned does not wish to be understood as intimatirg that seamen are ever ordered to th's horpital, or kept there, when not sich; yet, those who pay what seems to be stch encrmous Snareyi are ‘spt to make fn- vicious remarks, and may often ce this oppressive tax anexcure for keeping seamen on board when they should be rent to@ hospital, by ouppressing the fact of their iulness; and on fact, the uncersigned verily believes that toavoid these charges, sick seamen are frequently taken to sea, and their lives put imimminent peril. The ovfost of the undersigned is not to make war upon th's hospi: tal, Jor be believes it iswell kept, and that the seamen wbo are placed there receive proper attention, aud gen. tlemen in every bustners el premnt have a right t» make morey in any Jegal aud hongrable manne-, acd it may be that the expenses of this establishment a-e heavy, and therefore the annual dividend small; but to devise the ways and means for the erection and rupport of » marine hospital, into wh'ch this he!p.e-a ann cependent class, who contridute so much to the wealth and prosperity of the word, may be admitted auc properly cared for without charge, and only advert- ed to the nature and character of the hospitals of the islerd to thew the necessity of such an institution. By a table prepared for the undersigned at the Herbor Master’s office, it appears that in 1853 two thous hundred and twelve sai'ii g vesrel, averaging 1392 burihen each, making anf egerega’ rived at this port; taking that year as the data, and a duty of five cents on each ton, making an average) of $6 6834 each veseel, would produce $11,498 56 annually; add to this sum a fair Proportional tonnage duty on the monthly and remt-monthly steamers, and the amouut would be incressed to ame eighteen or twenty thousand collars. hit sum, ample for the erection and suport cf such # hospical as is required, could be collected with- out being seriously felt by those who would pay it. The topnage of American vessels for that year was 78,690, largely over one-third of the total, and all the hip masters and others interested with’ whom the under- figned has converred cn this subject, intimate their en- tire willingness to pay this duty. The undersigned would respectfully suggest, as part of his tcheme, that all the consuls ano commercial sgen‘s Tericent at this island, associated with one gentleman velected by the Danirh government, and tne agent of tne Royal Siail Steam Packet Company, be constituted & board of direc'ers, with power to puild or purchase a suitable hospital tor the purposes above and hereinafter specified, to be under their exclusive management and control; upon whem he would further suggest shou'd pe conferred the power to affix ard graduate the rate of hospital tonnage dues, and to change the same trom time to time, to meet the expevses of the institution; pro. vided, however, that the ducy shall at mo time be less than two, nor more than eght cents on cach toa registerec measurement of each vessel, to bo col- lected by the Intendent or Customs, and the amount so oo lected to be held by him at all times sub- ject to the order of the board of directors, amd to be by them appropriated to the erection and support (and for no other purpore) of s marine hospi:al, into which the mick or disabled reamen of all nations (and no other persons) shall be admitted free of charge, on tne order of eny one of the directors aforesaid. The undersigned, durirg the past three years, has witnessed eo much suffering and disease, and has been calied upon to record, in his official capacity, so many deaths, that his mind bas been unavoidaoly attra. €d_to the rolution of the question: how ean tne con- dition cf this dependent elass be benefitted? The lan herein presenved for the consideration of his Exc:.- cy the ident, the undersigned confitently be- Neves will sfford a sa‘e and cer'ain asylum for the dis- tressed, amongst those who not only contribute to, but make up nearly the sum total of the prosperi-y of the island of St. Thomas. It is pot an over-es:i- maie to say, twenty-five thousand seamen avnually visit this crt, and the history of the past four years demon- strater the ey fact that the island is each year becomitg more unbealthy. It is, therefore, the duty of thore who, by thetr respective governments, are cons'i- tuted the guardians of this class of their fellow-citizens, whore habits of life tend to disqualify them for any par ticipation in their own mm, to provide proper rola een kt rs ical pears for them, when #1 en by <iveare in w foreign rated by the broad ocean from all who are bound eile of consan- guinity to minister to their reliet; humanity—and a wise commercial policy dictates such @ course—the under- rigned will therefore ask, with great confidence, the co- operation of all his collesgues in urging the importance ond benefits of this scheme upon the attention of his Ex- cellency the President of St. Thomas, and with thet view will tarnish each with a eopy of this communication. The undersigned would further respectfully suggest toat this plan fora free hospital goes not impose any tax or burthen upon the shipping of Denmark. which is not equally borne by all etber nations in proportion to their commerce with this island. All na-ions interested will be represented in the board of directors, and hence no fear can be enterteined that the tex will ever become burthensome, as it will be the official duty of each di- rectcr to see that tke expenditures in the support of the icstituticn are as light as the demands of mercy and hu- manity will admit. In conclusion, the undersigned will express the hope that bis Fx will, at his earliest convenience, take such action in the premises as will result in the consum- mation of the earnest desire of the undersigned, as abore exprerred; and begs to assure his Excellency of his great respect end personal r CH. J. HELM. ‘o his Excellency H. H. Brno, President of the Inland of St. Themas, &e. Gallant Cenduct of a Laboring Man. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. The neighborhood of the Sixth avenue, between Amity and Twenty-third streets, was thrown into a state of great excitement about two o’clock P. M. on the 18th instant, caused by the running away of a span of horses attached to a carriage, in which were seated two ladies with tacir children. The horses took fright near the corner of Amity 6 reet and Sixth avenue, and ran at a furious speed up the 8 xth avenue, booking against everything in their reach, € .e ladies and children in the carriage expecting ¢very moment to be dashed to pieces, when amid the general ex- citement which prevailed, just as the infuriated chargers wee rushing heedlessly past Twenty-third street, a laboring man, clad in mean attire, gallantly sprang for- ward, and at the risk of his life, seized the horses by the neck gear, to which he clung with the tenacity of dea*h; inspired by the hope of saving the inmates of the carriage he gave up all thought of his own life—pow trampled un- Cer the horses’ feet, then scraping against the carriage bee es Agha on chard meena . beard eee suddea- as if by inspiration, guininy strength, he sealant d his feet, and by’ an ps fic superhuman jerk of the reins, succeeded in bringing the frantic sea to @ halt, amid the shouts und cheers of the asto. nitbed byrtandere, The inmates of the carriage were toved unecatked; but, , the poor man! he was not so well favored, having injured his wrist aud avkle, besides receiving several contusions on the body. It may, perheps, be weeks ere he ins his wopred strength and health; and what is of but Iittle account compared to either, he hes to sustain the loss of his coat, which was shockingly torn. A timilar apectacie to the above it haa never before fallen to my lot to witness, and 1 sincerely trust it never will again. Had it not beon for that poor man, those 11- dies and children might have met an untimely death, their now thrice happy homes have been, indeed, a house of mournirg. Ob! how mysterious and inscratabdle are the workings of an All-wise Provicence ! But the poor man, what about him? Such nob'e g2!- lantry should not go unnoticed by the public pros. [he heroitm of that brave laboring man should not be passed over in silence. As he lies in his humble dweilinz, stretched upoh @ pallet of straw, let him, at least, have the consolation of knowing that the press do no; neglest the brave because they are poor. And I feel conticen: that when his condition, name and place,of residence are made known, there are those in our midst who wiil need no prompting to make them poor out from thelr lap of plenty into the empty coffers of the brave poor mau who rie his life to rave thoee of his fellow mortals, His name is Jobn Cook, and he resides at No. 40 West Thirtieth street. L, BINNS, No 186 Sixth avenue. March, 22, 1866. TRADE BETWEEN CANADA AND THE West INpIeS. —By way of Kogiand we have later advices from some of the West India islands, At Antigua the weather waa 11v- favorable for agricultural cperations. News from Barba- dos states that the by winds had injured several miiis, A letter addressed to the Hon. Francis Hincks, the Go. yernor, by the Board of Trade at Quebec, on the subject of reciprocal trade with the West Indies, together with his Exeellency’s reply, had been published, The object of the letter ia to urge on the attention of the Governor the benefits that would acorue to the trade via the river “t, Lawrence and previneial esanls from the reciprocal exchange. free of duty, cf the productions of Cana‘a and thore of the West India islands, by which measure the commergial intercourse between the British Canadian colonies wouls be assicni ated with that existing between the Northern and Southern States cf the adjoioing Union In his answer Mr, Hincks promises that the subjes: ehall receive his best coosideration, but deciines expressing any opinion as to an arrangement until be has ascertain od the views of the Canadian government, as well as the state of public opinion in the islands with whica he was about to be cornected. army, 'y cor duged to « cor} panies, and to transfer the other Rew regiments proposed to be raised. Tae Secretary r§ | prrts toat ther JSfty forte in all, aad thet deven of them sre garrisoned. He does not give names of these, nor uf tiose intended to be garriso by the sizteen companies. eight ot the twenty-four equipped as sight companies. But the eleven occu) forts are prooably forts Brady, Mackinac (neither whish are permenent works) Ontario, Independence, C’ lumbus, Hemiltop, MsHeory, Monroe, Moalizie, and Brown (the jest in Texas, se work). It ig suppored that torts are 5, at great ex; and ought, tuerefore, 10 all times, and the work for the purpote of detenes, equipped snd manned at proper'y guarded; vhat the forte are for tl protectin of the places. More thirty years ag indeed from the clcee of the war of 1815, vat thirt forts on the Nortbein Srontier and sea coast have. ogcupied by troops most of the { with ® company at apy one, and several of tuem had from 1 to ix companies. Then our population was about the prerent number, the treasury at times much in deb’ end no prospect of war with Europe equal othe dapgere. Forts Brody, Mackinac, and some others hept up at great cost when there was comparatively commerce to ne provecteo and no armed steamers ex! But it way be raid ‘the savage state of man required wiiitery force.” frue; but civilization has so much aug mented wealth, commerce, and improvements in warfai that preparations upon a larger scale to meet diffic src vas-ly increased, Cuda and the condition of thin; in Europe are aspects whish should net be ard some few mornings hence an enemy’s fleet of aceai sbips may stow iteelt in our harbors. From this di the Canaos fromer is not free. , are the furte and posts which pradence requir: rrison+a fu all times of peace; and, that th expense sta'l be but litte, fractzons of companies are rignated for some ot them, eupposing the organisation yemain agit now is, In war each company for service {i forts or in the fied may with propriety be one bundre and fifty strong, as every ‘captain wiil be competent b: ¢ducation and experience to command that number men. The names of forts in italic have he og| = snes recently; thore in small CAPITALS are now (1854) gar: goned; and “ quarters” icdicate those wich quarters fi for occupency. ‘he number of guns in‘ended for work is not known in some cases, and may not be give: correct y ia apy fort. All those without remarks ard’ permanent works, ramparts of masonry and earth. Fort Braby, Saut st. Marie, outlet of Lake Superior bleck houses; quarters, commands river and ship cai te peteoe: by one company, and, being far from an; other post, «me company is proposed. Fort Mackinac, Mactinac Isiand; yarapet and blo houses; quarters; commands anchorage and one strait to Lake Mich gan; has one company now; one company is propored. Fort Gratiot, outlet of Lake Huron; block houses quarters; ccmmends river; bas bad one or more com, panies; halt companys is proposed. Fort Wayne, near Detroit; quarters; commands river new work; Detroi; vas garrisoned by several companie:) balf c:mpany is proposed. ] ‘ack Rock; new wors; 32 guns; quarters, Fort Niagara, mouta of Nisgara river, which it-com) msnds; qnurter:; about 50 guns; has had one company half compsny is proposed. Fort Onrakio, Oswego; quarters; 38 gun"; has one c: pany; half company is proposed. Madwon Barracks, Sackett’s Harbor; parapet; qué?) ters tor a regiment; bas bad one to eigitt companies; hal company is propored. Fort Monigomery, Rouse’s Point, outlet of Lake Chat plain; 100 guns or tore; one company ie proposed: Platstturg Barracks; quarters for four companies; bi company is proposed. Fort Sullivan, Fastport; parapet and block houses quartera; has had one company; quarter company | propored. Fort Koex, Penobscot river; not fir 3 120 guns. Fert Preiie, Port anc; quarters; 46 guns, and scam: mel, (not tinished,) 70 guns: three-quarter company 1s proposed. Fort Constitution, Portemouth, near Navy Yard; quar, ters; 58 guns; nas had one company; ome company ig Proposed, Boston harbor, fert INDEPENDENCE; quarters; occupie¢ now by two companies; 134 guns. Fort Warren, not finished, £00 gune; and fort on Governor’s Island, not. finished, 80 guns; two snd a half companies for the her- bor are proposed. Fort Adams, Newport; quarters; 450 guns;.hae had) has had one company) two to six companies; two com are . Fort Trumbull, New London; quarters; 78 guns; Bisewolay 20 guns; have had one company; comps py is Harbor of New York: Fort Corvmsvs, Sovra Batrmny, and Cusriz Wiis, Governor's Island; quarters; 18¢ 8; have bad two to six companies. Fort Woop, Bed- ’s Island; quarters; 65 guns; has had one to twc companiee. ’ Fort Haitron, Long Island; quarters; 100 uns; and Fort Lafayette, Narrows; quarters; 76 guns: ve had two companies. Fort ‘Staten Ie land, not finished; 140 guns, and tr on same island, 60 guns. Fort Schuyler, Tnrogg’s Neck; nots reer 280 guns. Four companies are proposed for the re i Fort afiflin, near Philadelphia; quarters; 40 guns; had one company; one company is pri 4 Fort Delaware, below Newcastie; not finished; 1 evn. Fort McHesry, Baltimore; quarters; 64 guns; has <on panies; one © mpany is proposed. | Fort Carroll, near Baltjanore, not Anished ; 220 guns. Fort Washington, Potomac river; quarters; 100 gune: has had two companies; cne company is proposed. , Fort Mowror, Ola Yomt Comfort; quarters; 360 guns; bas two ard bas had eight companies; two companies are s Foposed. Fort Calhoun, Hamptcn Rosds; not finished; 200 guns, Fort Haoon, Beaufort, N.C.; quarters; 87 guns}, had had ope company; hulf company is pro} 4 Fort Cancel, mouth ef Cape Bear river; quarters; 60 uns; {s near Fort Johnson, at Smithvi le; has had two. ompanies; balf company ae Charleston Harbor: Fort MovLTam; quarters; 60 guns; Bi, Gantle Pinekzo9 | quarters; 26 guns; have two aod ave had four companies; two ocmpanies are proposed, . Fort Sumpter; not finished; 135 guns, eo j Fort Pulaski, Savannah river; quarters, 136 gans; and Jackson; 20 guns; also ‘Savannah Barvracks;: have had two companies; one company is ——— Fort Chneh, Amelia Island; not finished; 90 guns, Fort Marion and St Francis Barracks, ’St.. Augustine; quat ingeth ya guns; have had one to four companies; beg ocmpany is proposed. Penracola Harbor: Fort Pickens, McRee, and Baran- cas; quarters; 420guns; have had two to four eompa- pies; two ocmpanies are propored. ; Fort m, Mobile; quarters; 120 guns; and Gaines, Daupbip I-lend; 90 guns; one company is proposed. | Fort Pike, Rigolets; a ; 46 guns; has had one company; half company is propored. Fort Macomb, Chef Mentors quarters; 49 gan; has had cne company; half company is proposed. Forts St. Phillsp aod Jackson, Missisaiopi river; quar- tera; 220 guns; the troops have generally quartered in New Orleans carracks; two companies are proposed. Fort Tayior, Key West; quarters; new fort not com- Diet: the post has one couspany; one company id pyo- poses Fort Jefferson, Tortugas; not finished; 300 guns. Fort Brows, Texas; quariers; has two companies; one company is proposed. Ferts on sea coast of California and Oregon; six com- panies are proposed. Baton Rouge Arsenal also has one company; one com- pany is proposed. * jus forty-one companies are disposed of as mecessal peace garrisons in forts on the seacoast and navigab! ater, and ore arsenal; and every year will make a de- ind for additiona! companies for newly ficished works, ® doren or #0, now under construction, being mentioned above. There are now cight companies torviag an light artillery; more wiil probably be wanted; and several ccmpanies of foot are hei fm A) line ct [posts on the borders of the Indian reservation in Fiorida—have been there reveral years and no one can conjecture when they will not be wanted there. The pay of these is the fame as for infantry, and it is far more economical to teke such commanas occasionally from the artiliery in the nearest forts ban to,call them from infantry regi ments in the far West. hat there aj yy - dent and even mcderate calculations, tobe a ack of ax. ey force at the present moment of half a dozen com- panies. For the peace estabiiehment in 1815, when the popula- tion was abcut eight and a half millions. there were forty-two large companies of artillery, ineluding the light ent: at the reorganization in there were thir- ty-six companies. increased in 1838 to forty, and agatn in 1847 to forvy eight companies: and until the Floride war, in 1836, ail the artillery was stationed in forts and at ar- vevals as gertison trcops—none as I artillery—fri 1816 to 1868. ae: “aaa The State Law Regulating Steamboats and werry Boats. AN ACT REQUIRING STEAMBOATS OR VESSELS PRO- PELLED OR DKIVEN BY STEAM TO CARRY SMALL BOATS, FOR THE PROTECTION OF LIFE IN OASE OF inaw Poin Oe ta pate BT, Bho ie le ot the State lew York, represen’ Senate and Arsembly, do enact as mia c. 1. Every terry boat driven or propelled by fire or steam, Bava § ‘any of the waters of tal Stave sha be proviced with at jens! one small row or lifs buat, at lowst, fifteen ‘eet in levgth, attached to the ferry bost in such» manner that it can be launched into the water for imm: diate use in case of need, or in case of accident. Sec. 2, Every steam vessel, or steamboat, or vessel, or ‘boat propelled or driven by steam or fire, navigating any cf the waters of thia State, of five hundred tons mens ment, and carrying passengers, shail be provided with at Jeast ore first class life boat, and one row boat twenty- five ieet long by seven wide, capable of carrying or vup- p.rting fifty perrons each, and at least one row boat of: the usual size and construction in addition thereto: and every steamboat or vousel driven. or propelled by stoam and fire, navigating any of the waters of this State, of ‘he measurement of two hundred and. fifty tomy but? then, snd not exceeding five hundred tons burthen, and carrying passengers, sball carry at least two ordioary row boste, 80 attached as to be capable of being launched into the water in ca+e of need or accident, See. 3. Every violation of the provisions of this act shall be punishatle by a fine not less than two hundred and fifty coliars, which may be mued for and recovered ka Spy court of recora in this State, in action against the captain of the boat or vessel, or the owner or owners, or either cf them, to be sued for in the mame of the trea- surer of the county in which either the eaptain or the cwner or owners my or aball reside, Src. 4. It shall be, and is hereby, made the duty of the District Attorney of the county in which such captain, owner or owners may or shall reside, to prosecute fult or complaint, substantiated by ‘the affidavit of the Perron Fo complaining, and the penalties #0 ‘hail be pa'd to the ocunty treasurer, for the support of the poor of anid county See. 5. None of the provisions of this act shall be con- strued asin any manner repeating the agt enutled ‘An Sot requiring compensation for oxusing death by wrongful set, neglect or defsuit,”” passed Decsmber 13, 1847}or ba | take effect on the first day of Juae, hundred and forty-nine.