The New York Herald Newspaper, March 9, 1856, Page 2

2 THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, \ Visit of an American Traveller to Java and Singapore. ‘ Thetr Scenery, Natural Productions, Political | Administration and Trae. ! DUTCH DIPLOMACY AND MANNERS. Yamkee Views Generally of Men aad Things, &e., &., &e. Our Java Correspondence. Batavia, Dec. 8, 1855. Arrival at Basavia—The American Commercial Marine— Tre Jara Boaimen—Beauy of the Coast ScencrymThe Mangostine—Appearance of the Town—~Novelty of the Bighis thal mee: the Iraveller’s Bye—Trale of Batavia— Phe Climate, déc., dc. ‘Twenty-six days ina rapid passage for a sailing ship, end dose honor to the Dashing Wave and her gallsat commander—who, by the way, it a credit to his profes- wien. Forty years a sailor, he knows the ropes, and long experience in these seas has quickened his judgment, and hie hard practical common sense and keen eye for observation show the signet mark of the American sbtp- master; @ class ot men of whom our country may weil NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MARCH 9, 1856. . tainty deserve all they can get; for pomtively 2 | “4 net live in euch am stmosphere and such imate for all the revenue of tee islemd. is of the Evert docks, and om) , in packing wager and other staples for export; women ani — some opening the mat-made cesses, twoor three of thew stani- ing with their dirty look'ng feet in the eugar, while others are filling, weighing, sewing and pillng np the bags—all sizes. ‘Those that I noticed were for the Oali- fornia market, which has beon quite an outlet for Java produce, while litde has gone io Australia, The Mauri- tius are nearer, and cap supply us with sugar at a less rate; bat rice ‘cecasionally is sent down, although the Chinanen in he gold Selds won't buy Java when Patua can be had from This sugar for San Francise>, not being packed im 25 Ibs. mats, it takes some time to getbeld of the weight, she Tutch pickul, of 129 135. is lbe. English: buying and selling sli is done in ru- pees. The Dutch guilder or forin is Maley rupee— twelve to the sterling. There are several divisions of the silver coim, such as 44, 's apd 28 gailder pieces; and the co; coin consists of Goite bat oy ba & rupee. Inoney of government as well 45 of the privaie Dank bere where they charge you for de- positing—is miserable trachy stuff, and resembles in size our Continental currency. ry told bec is en to supersede shorfly, Ase gener ing few 01 debie are made tn scling to. the Luro but those who trust the Arabs end Chinamen have heavy losere—the miserable wretches will fai) whenever any- thing can be made by it; and when one suspends they all . A little while since there was fe apeny panic among he arabe; and cot long ago the Chinese followed thetr example; ‘now, nv Buropéan will gire themcredit, The merebauts contract with the planter or government in advance for their crop, ats fixed price, and thea they uae ply their foreign orders at the ourrent rates: and would seem to us that more money is mede in this by jon than by their cemuiss.on feel proud; self edueated, the builders of their own for- tunes, they walk quickly through the forecastie to the command, and become at once the responitble pilots of that wonderfal commerce which adds so muck lustre to our fing, and’ penetrates into every port that boasts an anchorage, or where a commodity can be exshange?. Captain Fisk has chartere:! p, to load with ugar, vhee, and spices, for Bremen, at £410. He was the pio- neer cf the Ausiraliun trade, taking out the Nightingale from Boston to Sydney im 1 This was tbe ship that rum sgainst the inglish clipper Challenge, and got beat by taking the wrong passage down the China sea. As we wade Java Head, ship after ship hove in sight, home- ward bouad, probably from China. The high land cao be eoon ata great distance, both on the poimt at Prince Rdward’s Island, and st Crockatos; and the forage, tee heat of the “‘sun’s perpendicular rays,” and the ar breathe the spicy fragrance of tbe tropics. passed Anger early in the morning, and here the light z the little township, the for the monster Banyan tree, could be plainly sce2 the glass, and the wind freshening up, we sailed proudly wong the st ef Sunda st too rapid a pace for the Javanese boatmen, who shoot out from the land all along the shore te supply with fruit provisions t wae 8 sight to nee bil naked objects yelling at the top of the “Stopehe Cay stop-he-Cay,” but it was of no use; their yelling and sereech!ng, tugging and working, were no! equal to a race with the Dashing Wave. I regretted this, tor the captain mad said so much about the sweet potatoes, the Java ehiekens, the mangostine and other tropical fruite, that my teouth was watering for a changs of diet. Anger ia we grand tollgale of tue Straite of Sunda, and the trivute Srom the immense fieet of ships on their way home from Chona supports juite a population. of native boatman. ‘There ere but a dozen Dutchmen at ‘the place. Al. most every ship, on her way down, avails herself of this eeiebrated resting place for water and refreshments; and wll vessels that pass in the day time sre reported st Bata. | vis by mail {wice a week. The boatman always beings | the captain bis book of recommendations, ani it is most amusing to look over the cifferent remarks of shipmas- | ders, On every page you will find from some clipper csp- | tain you and novel Tbs fellow, Tom Cheek, don’t employ bia,” and on doother, “This boy bas supplied my ship, and appears a decent fellow, bot you must waich him. Jay only half of whet be aske: they ave all all damo rascals." Anot! “Kick the nigger overboard when he boards you; his exgs were all rotten,’ and so on throug the st. Poor devils! They get sadly sold in asking a Yankee tar to ex dorse their character. In the day time there is no difi, culty in finding your way to the rosdstead; but there a: altogether too many islands und shorts to uttempt it in the night without a pilot, aud tbat inn useful member society you seldom find in the Indian settlements of the Dutel. There #: but Sonrabaya, I be- none at Batavia Heve, is obliged to have them. We dropped our anchor a ego: P. M., having worked our way along from Anger cutirg the day. The coast svanery mares $0 TB i ce char dolinge and tehes of col'ivation, clear & mountain top, and the baelf thousand pruhus or fishing swacks, with their barmbco masts and latteen sails dot ting the water in the distapon, as we pass is'aud afer island, and buoy after busy, keep the fancy constan’ awake. In the morning the gus: boat gt the pari Isce of the ship, and the Malsys camo flocking of to 5 ne their fruit and poul ry; and here, for vhe first time, T gota taste of the celebrated fruit so Lepraised by ¢ jert—the mangesire—acd mos! canditiy askaowiedgs thet, sithough the jutey pulp was a laxury, afver esting ship grub ail the way from Austraiia, J was diss ppointed snd came to the conelusion that the world-wide reputa- tation of the fruit has been obtained froin merely tone abo alter being along time at nea, get a taste of it at ~Togir. A Barfleit péat, or re. is farsaperior. We have nothing { te. You rbell it as you would « walnut, bat must be | earefol and uet get the red bark ever in your mouth. ‘This the natives use for dyeing purposes. ‘There were about thirty sat! of freighting ships a> an chor, ‘mostly flying the tlag of the Dutch, ) and three or four men-of-war. Lhe sun’s heat was periect!y cissolving | ane we laid off the dingy, under our coton clotu covering. while the native bosimen gave the Javane-e ntroke to ther puny looking oars, as they rowed mo up the diriy | leoking canal, to a tame more Bike filiog a ew than a hi- | man voice, which seeme. about a» wide as the Bowery, | and is two mi ex long to the Boom, whieh, I suopuse, ina civilised ecunrry, they would calla Castom House. My | | { | | Daggure (only ove trunk ween you tske (ve overland route) the official parsed, withour ovenhsvl thing, ae they éo in Surope; aod now commen. cession of sight-seeing and povelties. Fracyth meste, oF fevis, Or hears, oT seus, is se en iety ai er Iatitodes, my Sem-es have beea kept upon the and, with my eyes wide open, my ears sain yu im geod working order, I jainped into s Javanese ig: * four wheel concern, a bond itre an | ish Pheton—and started olf wich the 'frle wrote norses, only thirteen hands high, snd all e: (for po mares are allowed in the city for the quarters of the towr,) and found of the canal & long row ot two storied warehouses, all whive, of being 40 mel the Boule aod covered sith filer, on aceouc he i | fortable looking counting house of my fe! } Win, Reed, who representa the Sta‘es and will treat you with every porsi tention. Highteeu years of Java climate to have taken away his youth or good bel: are ae large as the reception room ef a he werenouses © connected that the merchacts can walk from one to the other siong the dab. on the second story, without the trouble of passace is Only a private one, x wort « ence for the several m rchanis, ‘Ihe floore are euvered with matting, and the windows ani doors are thro #n wide open for the ourrent of air to circulate on all sides, and at midday the desks of the prince re fanned with & maachine, the motive power cf which i* a li:tle Malay urchin behing the door=-the same style cf arvangimeat | as we use in ibe South, which I saw for the first ile s the hetel in Frankfort Keutucky. Av the several cesks | you see few Eurypeans: bat all the natives of the Lasi | ‘are represented. A tong tailed Coinaman, with « very white moustache, officiates as cashier: 2 Melay bookkeep. er,an Arad ralesman, ® half-easte Copyer, and ® Goren and a half subs, of all nations, cooped abont in rection, with as little clothing as possitle a proxze looking limbs. The warehov-es run trom to street, the floore of which are brick, and, for such ctimate, the building is quite cool. a earks; arrack it coffee and ri importa consisting of bertered. Ihe arrack is a much better article than 1 poisoned liquor of B h India. Shi very careful in raking their chart fair proportion of weight, and prov “blown up” wita ruch articles as tobsoco, cack sugar sepan wood and rattan. 1 «peak of this, as sore sulps .ve recently xrrived from Australia, where they we taken up at £5 10, but there was no etipnlation. « mentioning a smal: amount of deal weight rusrant about ths balance of the cargo, Hence, the captoin is entirely in the hands of the charterer,” aod (eights fall, he bi privilege of filling up w , articles an { have mamed, as was the case win the o-aa teed taking tobacco, while the Jeudes prefered to re charter at lesser rate sented freigh». fn Wueinens ie | done through agents or brokers, many of them natives, and the aetogee qould think tho mercbant led a.mowk indolent life, surrounded as he is with such e retainers to bring him his hat brush off 2 fly, fan in midday, and, in short, doelmost everything out talk and write. Every transaction is done by sending from ‘one office to the other notes, and ax you notice what is gcing em, you exnnot but be amused to see “ chli’” “ebit? brought in and sent off, touching char’ nirchases, &. Hrery mercuant must learn Rogusge, for it is the lingua Franca of the Indian seas; and he must also be well up in tue English, !'reuch ana y Dutchman you meet speaks all these lun- ‘but the Keglich are not so well ported. | pelieve tehman can command a ship unless he can ak ih and French. These continen:al merchants are far abead of the Anglo-Saxon in this re:pe:t fact, we have no cetasion follow Fifhu Burrity’ a le against being | So genereliy was the rush to get out of | climate ofa city. | flowers en } the billiard room, or whesover you may desire it Java Born, Batavis, Dec. 9, 1865. Life of the Mercantile Ciasses—Animated Scone on the Road to the Merchante? niry Residences—Deseription of deir Villas—The Native Population—-A Dutch Re- formers Jara He jatavian Cookery—Pre Race Conr—Oontre lenips of a Stranger—Curious Habics of the Javanese, & Since yesterday I have Deon continually cn the wing— my senses all alive with eontinusl change. Our ride to our bote! in the country—where ai! the Europeans live— about four or five miles out of town, wae most deligh:tul, because most novel. laseing the low, dirty residences of the multitude ef Chinese, we followed, along a level macadamised red colcred road, the course of the eanel, and must have passed s hundred carriages—in one con- tinnous lin me with the litle Tenior pomer, some with the gray Java heres, and rome with an imported animal from Sydmey—all driven by 2 ewarthy, maked leoking native, witia only # handkerchief round his loins, with a boy behin vehicles of every Hastern descrip tion, but tew /uropenn carriag’ ‘These were the mer- chante coming in to business, about 9 o'clock. Every Puropean rides—the merchant, the tradesman, the sala vied clerk. the ship captein and the ssilor, all are pro- vided with ® phmton ands pair of runty looking ponies, i 8 foctman, for two dellars per day; but] stranger who rides without gome friend who un- dexstands the 1 jargon of the country. For in- stance, my first exp ‘ing them where to drive me, was in being left at the Soom instead of the Bx change. They usually rike early, take @ bath before breakfast, go inte town, and leave for home at 4 0’cleck, and dine st sx—rix or seven houre at the countiog houre, and the resi in exting, drinking, smoking, riding and sleeping; but liltle intellectual culture, for the climate only eaters to the passions of the body, while it prostrates the healifly action of We brainy and although physically the chinate nu¢ermines the cmstitution, the heat, the airand the babitsct the place must eventn- ally pluck many ot ‘he chcfsest flowers fromt out the garden of the mind. On the road hundreds of natives occupied the place of hearts cf durden‘én Fnropean_comptries, carrying im. mens* joads with their b@mboo pole across their ehoulders, ard tbe weight eqnally balanced, Should it not, they sometimes get a stone for the otkerend, thus takiog twice the weight. You see them with all the produc- fions of the island. One man with buckets of coal; another with fruits of different kinds; now comung with s load of grass, end then again with marketing, which some gentleman Las ordered for bis dinner. Some are trotting infirm away with a lot ofgocds for aale, yelling toanaccompant- ment on a wooden rattle; wrile others have a half dozen live turktes on one end cf the pole, and as many geese on the other, tied uo most carefully with cocoa nut or some other kind of leaves, thy body being entirely enclosed in a regular net werk, while they have the prirtlege of ob- serving what is goingon about them. These birds seem to enjoy their exercise, as you vever besr them make the least complaint. I can imagine nothing more ludicrous; per bape because it is s tigat so unexpeeted. Beautiful trees line the roadsice, aad aliebout you ma} be £ Ge.) seoyivw! Uuuste. The rer nt ave most {aste'ully built— stace everywhere the great feature, and situated about | 200 feet from: the readi—he garden completely filled with the richest garb of nature. The houses are all white, of twostoriex, and cover, with the outbuildings, from one- Cichtb to eu were of ground. Land is plenty, and the rem. Gente bave made the mm, of i, The canals, asin the old town, branch eff from the litule river in ail directions, and are the receptacle of all the filth and sewerage of the town. The natives can be seen at a!l times boating upand down; the washerwomen and inen dashing the elodes down ons wooden form ae if made of kheepskin; your wardrobe goon requires replenishing, fortew articles of wearing apparel areequal to such hard usage. The native girls were plunging in and out of the water in costume remark- able for itr simplicity—perfectly innocent of the presence of the Buropean suranger, who gsaee with sucb familiar. ty and curious juterest upon the pecaliar babiis of the Teople, Whore simple customs be notices for the first time. The rew tc den, the Hie selected d irom removing on wexcurt of the en the alaceta (ali err of ibe merc! Jon the heights of Welteyre- ernor Daend he neat of government fatal miasmas of the everyocuy but the Celesiials, the place would have a ruin, had not a nev administration come into power, witb Baron Capellen at its read, who, witha sprinkling of Yankee enterprise, metamorphosed the en- tire city, ond the Sling up and repairing oc the canals— the widening of the streets—tne tesimmg down of old Duitdings to make rocm for new, and removal of accumu lated firth. wHll ce the means of keeping bis mame grate- fully alive in the reemory of those who saw how great 4 change a little management could gccomplich even ia the Here we ave at the Java Hotel again, a perfect palace in size, Some of the rooms are as long av the dinirg & loon f the Astor House, There are four fiest class ho! in Batavia, all of © are kept in capital order, set a 4 do cpe-it to the isiand, There ta ths one g, The Javi ‘otterdam, the Ma- rine, and the Neiheriands, bu e. conducted in the same way. e the wi in front, nttone 8 oack, large shade tress, « species of banyan and coe der whiea sré wooden seats, apread their shadow 3 i enclosare ie filled wih nih. ‘The grounds extend ® 4 form squares of nem The horses owned at the hotel ere inferior ania»! & wbont $15 to $20 each, amd the cacringe, mi 0, out $150, Tce wiuble buys get $4 per month, and the use boys $5, The heal man, cr manager, receives $12; re isgnet {a the rear of our grass plot. Agrand stand has non’bs the lovers of the sport tri r ted Arab and Sydney horses, | bot the greatest amusement is derived from the serud race with ponies, arnong ‘ha natives. is excellens, aud everything well cooked —but le to give you any idea of the number of the vanes of the Gishes—everything is psca- teh or Ma We seen to do nothing but cat ik ihe liveloog dey; somehow or other a cup of tea, a pieoe of toast, or coffee acd tillin, are atways brovght to you, af the very time your appetite is ready to weleome it. ' Your eofive is brought youin bed, aud | tiffin or tea will be sent to your room—to the varaada-- Pruits lead the tables, and a servant is always near to halpyou. | The mangostine, the mang)—-sbout the rize and shar of 8 goose egg, und tasting like our cantelope melon—the banana, the pineapple, the sha’dock, ani sevoral other kinds, the names of which, when learned, I could not remetnber—but each was diferent from what [ had ever eon ,or tasted betore. As the Europeans ali speak Melsy, few natives talk Dutch or English, and heoce | frei one it is impos COUrr es « | of the earth; i found it most dificult to make myrelf understood. When asking for an egy my boy’« countenance woald lighten up ‘ mach as toray, sll right—I understand—and off he would go and bring mea sweet potato! Fora cup of ecfle plate of pickles! and fora glass of water, ! 'Tis most annoying—but waat can you grin and bear tty Put the worst of it in, every 6 is grinning wo. At night and morning the Furopeans cress with the most perfect abandon— & loose gown like ® pair of trousers, and a robe that looks something like s iady’s nigh! dress, (acl have seen them hang ng on theclothes line). ‘The women also at those hours dress in th» same careters manner, It looks very od t9 me; and this, tagether with the bathing dress of the Malay girl, would shock some of my fas'tdiovs countrywomen, who cannot bear even to look at the bara Jegs of their piano or to have the naked trath told them. Custom, however, will soon bring over the new comer, and the third day I was able to sit at my door on the yeraudah with nothiog on but panta and sliopers. The bathing room is made of marbie, ant you farn » faucet, which pours s stream over you as big aa your log, But the runniert thing | bays vet een i* that confound ed bottle, What a custom! Good gracious! is it pasaible that—but never mind—I will explain some other time Ha! batha! [don’t wonder that poor Jack thought ir was seltzer water, How could he have thonght it any thing else? ‘The theatre was not open, and I did not go to the Har monio, but amused myself by asking quostions during the evening of all that passed near my door. [ cannot better ive you an idea of eating houves or prices than by getting own a copy of the tariff that bangs in my roum:— ample, notwithstanding whith, hix wonderful ko tanclemt and modern In would pe ve in the countries of the Fast. you go tbrouch Donse—yon eve the whole—anf so is it with * The merchants all are wage two or three times a day. You veldoiw see | doen not look ae though he bad jas’ come ¢ Lox oF an upver drawer o” a weedroos J ecb ee ee UE mw let yee, VO UY Ger | THE JAVA HOTEL. Regulations. 43 til 8 o’elosk in the morning, ten and coffe, kia the morning, brenk{ae, rice, kerry, ke, ALE P., rog J nd holidays, at 11 o'clock, breakfast. at 6 o'clock P. M., dinner. illpess, may dinner be afforded in the One day’ lc for one iis 19+ + nal 26 One doy, under 5 years ol’, with bie parents 100— 40 One do.,’trom 5 to 12 years old, per day..... 2.00— 80 One day’s lodging, with meatsinreom...... 6.00— 2 40 One bottle Champagne. &00— 2 00 Borgund, 5.00— % 00 5.00— 2 00 4.00— 1 60 400— 1 60 4.00-- 1 60 400— 1 60 200— 80 1.00— 40 160— 6 400-— 160 + 100- 40 . o w- w®w wo- 20 2 0 o- 20 Geneva, with earl ne room for stranger per seeeeeserecesreessese sere 12.00 4 80 You will now understand how often our appetite ie waited upon, and how cheap you can live in a ovack hotel in Batavia, When travelling this way the Java ie your place, YOUNG AMERICA, Beiiever Horm, Buitzyzonc, Java, ‘Toney Mites [staxp rrom Batavia, Dec, 10, 1865. Interior of the Liani—Javanese Conveyances— Malay Post Boys--the Piantazions—A Javanese Marriage—Wonder- ful Sight—The Whole Book of Nature Opened ina Three Hours’ Ride—The Government House—Offcial Re- coptions—P oprdation and Administration of the Dutch Colonies—Their Revenues, Expenditures, &c.—The Bu ropeans om the Iklands—Effects of the Climate on their Constitutions—Politival History of Java—The Native Pepulation—Ikparture, dics, dc Thave slready thrown you off two letters om impres- sions of Batavia for this mail, and now I propose to give you wy experience in porting « short way into the inte. rior of this remarkable island. At 1 o’cloam P. M yes- terday, I left the Java Hote! to visit bie Excellency at his palece and grounds at Builenzorg, and for the purpoe of imspecting the eulture cf some of the products of the island. Here again the whole distance I was entranced with the wonderfn! look of eultivaled nature. But to commence. | paid eighty reupees (thirty-two do‘lars) for a post carriage up and baek—a distance of thirty: eight miles ese Our carrisge was s sjuare, hearse-icohing box on little whee's, drawn by four Java- nese ponies, and driven by ® Malay coachman with an immerse hat, resembling s gigantic inverted punchiow]; the reins and traces mede of rope, and the harnessvery primitive looking; and two port boys, with similar sombreres, perched up om the back of the carriage. Tate composed the establishment, and a moze extracrdimary turnout this deponent never witnessed. We staried, and such ao exciiement a3 we made snd neise ax we created is beyond my power of description. Tne driver cracked his long whip, the horses sprung away at a wild gallop the post boys jumped off their perch and took the lesd- ers by the hed a8 tbey paceed the bridges, and yelled with fient-‘ike fury to make them inorease their peed, while botk sides of the streets were lined with Malaye Arabs ard Chinere, secmingly interested in our wild ca reer, “HI, bi! Heeb, he-eb!”” say the post boys; erack goes the driver's whip, round fly the wheels, and up again the boys mount their perch. In a few minates you see them cff running slorgside the horses, with only « hacdkerebiet tied round their midsbips, cracking their whips louder than ever, and screeching ike a Pawnee Indian, “Har! har!—(craek)—Hi!—(crack)— Heeh! he-eh! (Crack—erack !) on both tides, aad erack frora the driver; Hi! bi! from the boys; ‘Hoy-rem ! ho! from the driver; Har! bar !—(Crack! craek!)—Hi!’ (Crack !) ‘This novel posting wae continued all the way, and six changer of horees and cf postboys—but kept th: same conchman—placed us at the Bellevue House at five o’clock, baying been four hours on the way. No time was lost at the stopping places—the change of horse; were all preparee by the new postboys, each boy getting ten deits (our centr) each, We through a very level ccuntry, over one of the best roads that can be iade, and which extends direct'y throurh Java, due east to Souranays—the work of government. All about us we recognizes way of the shade trees and all the fruits we ‘aw at Batayia—and rice plantations in their several stages, {ren the ploughing of the Jand to the sowing of the rice in the lttle space allotted, from which it is traneplanted to the irrigated’ patches, of about an acre cuch, prepared to receive it. Many of the plantations were of ixcience size, and farther along inland cover square miles in rpace. Vast numbers of natives were travelling on the road, staggering under their heavy loads: and cxrts drawn by ponies ‘without a bridle, ano Dufiulese with » bemece yoko, wore bringing in the pro auce—while the distance was crnamented by netive vil- leges—towering moantains seen at a distance of @ hun. éxed milée, covered with the teak wood forest—long plains, the waler persing from field to field with the ut- most regularity—and rivers and cocoanut groves, deep ravines and ictepular fields. At the several stoppages I amused myself by throwing a little copper coin cut of the carrlsge to ree the children scramble for it At one place there were about thirty, between ibe ages of two and ten years, cf both sexes, most of whom were entirely naked. These uatives mar- At Bentenzory I was eo fortunate ihe opportantty of witnessing the cere- mony cf » Javanese marriage. Attracted by = most sipgular ecncord of sounds,! pushed my way through ‘the groves of trees to the house or sbed, where were col. lected & large number of vativer—the grown people on one side. and spout one hunared chiidren, in a state of nature, onthe other. The moeictans were seated round meotb. #n old bex, ond kept time by rtribing different meta's and skine achild of six years, drossed as an o!d worran, wil bsir and a horrid inask, was wa'kiog with a tragical aiz, and gesticulating in @ most grave mavner, vp sad down the platform, to the great deligat of the thiiéren, where Mack eyes and bronze figures, ax they lay grouped slong the shed, was « picture for | an arfist, At six G’eleck this mornirg the Aid-de-cawp, I. Bering Leisberg, Fsq., attendant on the Governor Geaeral, wae at the hotel by appointment, with a beautital pony, and aecompanied me about twenty miles over groves and through rice plantaticns—all of which were civided by a green horse path, into native vi lagers, and by rivulets which feed the rice canals, No pen can !exore.s, ro tongne can uvier, no pencil can psiat the sublimity of nature in the interior of Java. Ail I cee or hear, abou: and around me, enebants my senses. It is the iand of poetry ard of song; and when you gaze upon the burial place’ of a vative prince, or a Hindoo chiet; when you contem pla ¢ the massive ruins of past ages; when you wa k cver and around the ucmense native tempies—Dbuilt Goce knows when—acmiring their architecture and re- vermg thelr venerable oge; when you pass through m¢ poster estater of rice, of sugar aad ot collee—all culti- vated with the simple implemewte ot the natives—and see no macern tocls or culture; when you smell the odour Cf the spices, amd admire the beauty of the nui meg and the pepper; the singing of Java tirds, anc : | ebirping of insects and ligaras, as you ride through forests, curiously absorbed im the wondertul beauties cocoa groves, the coitom amd the bread fruit ‘tree; the banyan. with fits numberlass yanches, all taking root egain to streny the old truck en coffee icuate emblem of parent aod ebild sap porting each oiber through earthquakes, storms aad tempests; the margestine gcoves; the rattan winding itseif about the teakgwood forest; the hamboo suoot through ell the rest; the cultivation of Kuro; native vegetables; the simplicity ot the native giclaas they bathe *o ianocentiy before you ms you stand upen the rivar’s bank noting them plunging, singing, lavphing ena ssimming about—now below the water and now abcve;|the trightiul lock of some of the older men aud women, Whose shocking cusiom of chewing the bee tle nut, mixed with pepper plant/and toba:co, gives their lips ap unnatural red and blackens their teeth till they resemble cuarcoal; the monkey resembling appeatance of the babes and chilurep, and the moakeys Lemselves in the Governer’s park; the immense herd of native deer; the wud heg; the tiger and the rhinoceros; the casaowray, * huge black bird, not ulike, except in color, the ema of Austialis—when you have seen all these wonders of this woucertol country, in a three hours’ ride, you will come to the conclusion that personal coservacion will teach a man mcre in ope day then be ean Karn trom books ip anage. ‘The drenrce of my youth are all revived again, and the pictures of my school books give me the form, but not the lite of navure. When the foregoing changes have been i ung d¢fore 10 o'clock in the morning, and you have drank ceeply of such grand anc pietaresque scenery as the view presents far and m sbout the Government House, you cannot but imagine and feel that you ore ia 8 fairy land, and wil thet is required to complete the illu- sion and make a Garden of den of the grounds is to see but one Adem and Eve, instead of such a awarm of semi- clad beings. Mr. Leisburg invited us to the Pali d after refresh- menta we passed again through the park to the boranical garden, where his Excellency has colle:ted a inrge and beautiful quentity of European pants and flowers. ‘The etuation Government House is on high land, and corzzzands # view of the en'ire range of mountain acenery for # hundied miles, The tops of one or two of the old volcanoes could be seen jar above the clouds—a moat imposing sight. ‘ive years is the time allotted to the Governor General, ‘and shortly be will return. He i, a man, I whould aay, of fitty years. Iam told that he is # very talented man, of a religious turn; but he does not appear to be popular, His levees are given at Batavia generally, and my depar- ture to-morrow its me from Freeing the beauty and fashion of the Dutch, and some of their parti-colored of- spring, et tho soiree that her Iadyship, hia wife, gives at Batavia to-morrow night, These entertainment very formal, ana the respect which is due to the represen: tive of the King is still humiliating, but not as eringing and arject uncer some of the early Governors. ‘The only English work on it the Palace was that pub- Viebed in 1817, by the English Governor ot the place, Str T. 8. Raffles, a well written work, dedicated to the Prince Regent. | His private journal, which came out at the -nme time, contaivt mueh in relation to Java, This good man waa much beloved by the natives, and intro- duced many comforts and reforms among them. A lar; white monument in the park tells the «tranger that his wife, Lacy Reflies, wax only another victim of the then fatal climate ct Java, Itisa jttle singular that so fow abe works are gmong the booksellers on the Indian Ar c ogo. With the exception of Raffles, andJ J. Stock- ae, who put out a book in 1811, and’ in the preface hat enemy of the human cos, Napoleon Bo . and Georgs Winer Far “x 4), cLowt twenty years ego, you will fn! Java out of the Dutch lapgasge. Fren MeCulisek i not posted up, and gives no statetice later then 1834; and a4 1 find it-very difficult to get hold of these things from une merchante,! +ball be unable to give my me-cantle f-tende what I had intended. Mr. Leisburg showed me every attention. and when esented ine with & beantifa! lance taking my departure, which some Kajah had given to law. He also is going to cend me an assortment of thst ug!y looking weapen 50 peculiar to these itlands, the kris; it ie m horrid leokiog inetrument, in the sword cr sabre line, and must make & nigh ‘ful wound when poisoned from the ujat, or whal- ever the deadly tree i called. The prick or touch of the § ceadly. Ibougbtat the town a pair of ani lezs, from ® native buek, and also wae so fortumate ar to get & eomplere model, beautifully made by » Maley, fa Jape- neré vi lage; also models of all their strange agricultaral iaoplements, thei: kitchen utensils, war weapons and m00- sical pieces. These are beautifully executed, and give those whe cannet get ro far sway to see the ox * moat admirable ides of the pricntive habits apd custems of these poor natives, who have had to bow their beads w the iron rule of conquest and mint power; acd yet, although there are eleven millions ia Java alcae, tiez8 are but eight thoveand Eure, aud twelve thousind native troops to subject and keep down the «wa:ming population of the Dutch Fast Indis Company—I believe about twenty-five milion in ail, made up ef Asiatiz Atrteans and islanders. Some of the depeudeucies aze = gulated and managed by the native Princes or Rajabs, bot sl] must and bow to his most potent, grave and reverend excellency, Mr. Von Twist, the Governor General, who is pid $60,000 per year, and ie furnished with @ pa ere whos rooms and massive structure thre # entirely into the shade the cimensions cf the capitol at Warhington. In bis admimintration he is assisted by a Vice President and three Counsellors, a inance Minister, a Director of the Intericr. a Secretary of “oreign Affaire, and a Manager of Public Wocks; while the naval authori- ty is veeted im Rear Admiral Bouricins, and the head of the army in Lieut. Genera] Starns. The Dutch have a large fleet of men-of-war among their colortes, sithough thers army és comparatively amali, I will try and get its strepg’h and add in = postserip'. ‘The revenue cf the isiands may be vtated at $34,000,- 000, while the expense of government ani interest on lcane will reduce it some $20,000,000—thus lenving the handsome sum of $14,008.000 for the mother country. The Portuguese disccverers of 1510, who were explor- Ing these waters, just after Colambus bad found the ‘Weatern world, liftie creamed ct such resalta, and sailed away in search of other lands. But the more pereever- ing Dutchmen of 1525 got s foothold in Shakspere’s tine a just defore Queen Elizabeth's enverprizing merchants rent ips to British India. About four months atter the pi’grims landed at Plymouth, Ba- tavia received its name, and then followed the subjug:- 1icm and brutal conquest ot an ancient and industriot ple, whose only crime was the possessing of rich and extestive lands. Prince after prince laid down his kris, ‘ard the repellione Chinamen ct 1740 lost all their spiri: in that horrible massacre, so vividly described by the Dutch writer, Ary Huyers—moze fightful than the ou'reges of the American Indian on tne froatier, the bombardment ci Copenhegen, or the slaughier of St. Bartbolemew. For ® long time the settlers fought bard ger the fatality of the climate, and the troops died ike rats. Twelve months ia the island, and half the re- gurente wou!d fertilize the erty of the dead. Ever in 1812 So apathetic were the merchants when the beil tolled « foreral dye, the one would cay to the other (as has lately been the case in Virginia), ‘Who ie it to-day!” Bus it muet have been pain'ul to hear thera add, ‘ Well, he owed me nethtng.”’ Froxo the first the great 19 o: the European settier bere was the climate; and even now the cheeks of the men ss wellas the women are #4 white as the color of ther houses, telling the observer too plainly the insinuating inrosds upon the eonstitation; and the little children, so pale ard thin—as fralias the trailest flower that ever blcomed—must wither in their outh, and, like hot house: planta, will live im beauty ‘ttle while, and their their freshness has gone for ever. Awozg the twelve thousand Europeansio the islands, ten thousand probably are natives of Holland, the rest represent England and the nations of the Cuntinent; but { besieve there are only two American merchants in Java, Mr. Reed and his ‘brother, of the highly respec: table mercantile bouse of Paine, Stneker & Co., establishes more than a quarter of a century ago, who, in addition to a large foreign wade, are the fortunate possesscrs of the lion’s shsre of the American trade. Wyo. Darling, #0 long ecnnected with the firm, who bought out the Beston steamship Rojab Walleh, avd, after trying her to these waters, sold her to the Australiaps when in the height of their lanatic spe- culations, for $125,000, ‘¢ now im the 8 5 and Mr. Eaton, of Boston, of the wealthy ard long established Fnglich house of McLean, Watson & Co., Betavia, whose braxcbes ave McNiel & Co., Samarang, and Frazer, Eaton & Co., Sourabaya, is also now at home. ‘The import duty om foreign cotton sad wooliea gocds is 25 per cent advalorem. Erow tvlland, by Dutct ships or those on the eame footing, 1f accomparied by & cersifieate of Netherlands origin, the halt. Import duty on metals, 24 per cent. Iron and steel, 12 per cent, with 30 per cent augmented on invoice. From Holiand, acccmypanied with # certificate of Netherlands origin, the bal, On all import. and export duties, an impost of 5 per cent pierege is added. ‘Ihe monopoly of the rement, to purchasing from the planter, and restrictive policy regarding other na- tions, parsiyses all private enterpriee, and pre- vents all improvement, and Java at the present dey. so far eas mccern cniture, the stenm engine, the ra‘lroad, the magnetic wire and thé numberless inven- tions of this wonderful age are concerned, is almost as fur bebind the times ax Japan, with whom alone they havé been permitted to have a limited trade for one or two cen- uries, even since the Jesuits were driven out of Niphon. Mr. Leisburg informed me tbat one step has been made to meet the timex, and ina year or two a telegraphic wire ‘¥ill apnounce the arrival of shipe passiag Anjer, at Ba- tavia, Samarang ard sourabayar but | doubd; if the time ccnen curing the next century when the European tra- velier wisl hear tre whistie of the locomotive in the co ecanvt groves of the in’and previnees, or the Javanese ploughman in his rice fie @, or the fierce beasts of the rajestic toreste, be disturbed by the whirling rattle of a railway train. Like China, there are too many people to arplcy to introduce labcr esving machines. Whén the putative fether of the present Emp»- ror of the French was on the throne of Holland, at Nepoleon’s bidoing, Java became a part of Franc: ar in 181] up went the Freneh flag, which the battle of co gave to England in 1814, who, frightened by the ciimate, and igrorant of its richnene, restored it to the Du'ch, preferring to keep Ceylon and the Cape, which wistake Allivon ond every Englishmen hae been mourn: re over for almost balf a century. Butit was not till 1816, when its conqueror, like Parrhasus’ captive, wat chained to tke rook of St. Helena, did the Duteh flag ficat over th ens of the East. But there was one Biaee during al thove startling chenges which convulsed Europe during Bonaparte’s ca- 16e1, where Holland was stili supreme, and that was in the Jittle island opposi e Nar gasaki, the residence of the be Ambaseador, where the colors bave never ceased 0 fly. ‘She na ‘ives are a warhke people, and are ready to rise when their Mabcmedan priests give the signal, as bas ‘een the care two or three times since the Kestoration Sorce thirty years sgo a most bloody warfare agaiu put them down; ard oniy a few years ago the Bally Princes were trocden under foot. Beating in mind the fact that ‘ana gene al thing are not governed entirely by cf benevolence or philanthropy, and that self, ax th the indivieual, ix the ruliog passion, and remember ing that a force ot nly eight thousend Faropean sol¢ie: ecourtry, who, with the othe- European res dents of Java, migtt at any time be massacred by mil- liens of men who obey with servile fear the command cf their prince or priest, no wonder that Holiand is aver.» to Jiberalizicg the minds of the people by throwing open her ports to the stipping and citizens of a'! the worl4@—n0 wonder that foreign conruls have never been recognised, (vntil, Ibe ieve, very recentiy for purely commercial pur- poten) —— tem of espionage and police traverses the land, and that the poor trembling natives are cowed down with craven fewr by wilitary ruie; for, to my wird, the intreduction of Eoropean liseraliem wou'd im- jately be the signal at which there prolific islan is be lost to the nation. When I ree any improve- rem i@ the ccndition of the natives of the Faniwich Islands and the tribes of the Pacifie-—-when I see anything dene to relieve the sufferings of the aboriginals 0” Ameri ca, who, obeying the Pequct lesson, (says Holmes.) run from the white man when he fin’s ‘ he minells of H sland gin’’--when I notice enlightened England throwing over dsrkened Incia the light of intellectual culture—then, ard not till then, will amuse myrelf by shusing #0 in- ustrious and commercial s people as the Datch, whore in‘eiligence in languages, in modern and ancient history, and in general information, have been the characteristics of those it has been my good fortune to meet. ‘The merchants kere live hke princes, and ten to fit- teen thousand dollars per year is no unusual amount to spend. Mr. Reed has a beautiful residence, built by himeeif, on ground where art and nature have battled hard in superiority. Among the tea or fifteen po nies and horser of different breeds io his stables, Isaw a beautiful Arab which he had just importe?. I could but ctserve how elegantly the cinner tables are adorned in this place—the meals and dessert ali go ‘once—and as you sit down the troits are entirely bidden from sight by bowers of many kinds, which give a most graceful ap- Pearence to the tout ensembles ‘The least said about the morals of many of the Euro- peons in these latitudes perhaps wili give the best idea «f them, The Lip-Lops, as the balf cast are called often- times marry, and some native women are wedded to the white man, but not many; but when the native girl dis- covers the infidelity of her companion, her revenge is scmetimes terrible, and is hard to satiate. Although I have ween so much during my few days stay, I dia not get into the prison to see an execution b; that'most awfal manner, impalement, and Ifhope I shall never witness such e ape » This was the mode years Neither did 1 see the humming bird pick the an bed by Herodotus; nor suc- ceed in genuine Bantam fowl on the original soil —the real bud which the natives train for — is more the shape of a goose, however, than the little wretched fow! that bears the rame with us. To-morrow I embark on board the Konigni des Neths- lander—mail steamer under contract with government to take the mails from Senabeya, Samarany and oemeres on the 11th of every month, at about twenty-five hun- dred dollare—to Singapore, #0 as to) catch the China and Overland steamer. Im too late for « stateroom, ond have got to sleep on deck (pleasant to besure). I don’t remember ever paying, before, eighty dollara for five hundred mises s'eaming, and yore ame deck at thaty An in Van Dieman’s Land, to get out of the country, I had to get » paper called # ‘‘Consent,”’ and also ® passport for the guard ship,’ Aa the clipper ship Flying Arrow that ail- ed two days before us hea not arrive that the gale we experienced off Cape Otnay wane realy pled her. MERICA, ‘ ’ UREN OF THR NI LANDS, Os Boann par oF Banca, Dee. 15, 1655." J The Voyage w Singapere—Our Fellow Passengers—Olla ‘Podrida of Nationalitiee—Pilgrims to Mecca Arab Women— Arrival at Minto—Off Singapore—Dutch Diplo- macy in Japan—Commerce with that Empire—The Bole landers Catching the Bird while other Nations are Beat- ing the Bush—The American Treaty with Japan vo much Waste Paper—The Japanese Mail System——A Politi: al Discussion at a Dutch Dinner Toble—T he Ouich Navy tn the Indian Archipelago, he., de. Prompt to her time the steamer left Patnvia nt AM ergackng | yeriercey, and, Norks aamirab.y, pushing up aleng Ht the rate of nine and ten knots. She iv s Betavian built dost, eeventoen years Okt, made of teak and very roughly finished, The cabin aesommodation: very poor, bat the teb!@ soaker up for all deficiencies: and with our tea end coffe: at 6, our breaktart at 12, dianec at 6, and re- irevhments Im the evening, al! of good quality, well cooked, we bave no complaints to make. Schnapps and liquors azo always on & side table—o mort attractive part ofthe boat to the Dutch passengers, among whom are some ofthe most agreeablegentlemen I ever met, and from whom and Mz. De Moll, » sugar planter; Mr. Loudon, who takes | charge of the tin mines at Billiton, Island of Banca, lemaed for forty years to Prince Henry, brother of tne King of Helland, and Captain Fabius, commander of the Dutch steamer Gedeh, just arrived from Nangasiki, who in en route for Holland with the new Dutch treaty just executed by the Emperor of Japan and the Dutch Com- missioner, I have obtained much valuable informstion. We have also on board the Lord Bishop of Victoria —s pleasant quiet man, who wishes to have slavery sbolished in the United States; hopes tha: Cabs will never be@ partof that extensive country, aod beats me shockingly st chess. Captain Prince, our commander, dae been come sixteen years in these waters, and I find bim ® most intelligent man, While doing the honors of the table, he conversed with the Belgian Consul in French, the Bishop in English, spoke Dutch to his coun- trymen, and ordered the servants in Malay. Our stesmer ie crowded with all kinds of men, manners and customs. A party of Arab merchants have attracted the most at- ention, They are very wealthy, and pali $600 for small portion of the cabin. Although cubin passengers they keep sloof from Europeans, all haddling round their trunks and merchandise, on which they aleep, cat and pray, under an awning on deek, disdaining to mix with the infidels at our end of the beat. These singular costumed men—ot white robe, huge turban, sandal feeted, moustached. and whiskered soue of Mahomet—are bound on a pilgrimage to Mecca, and at certain hours they go off and wash themselves and thea come back to pray. It is an unusual spectacle. All srranged in a row, with the chief one stepfadvanced in front, they mutter their prayers kneeling, standing, sitting, now touching their foreheads to the deck, now kissing the hand of the chief, now gesticulating in the mort unintelligible manner; again bowing their swarthy fozms, again rising; now turning their faces upward and then changing their position, always bending—like the zest trees under the westerly winds in the North of England—towards the Eust, or, aa they eupposed to- words Mecca, and, finally, kissing each other's hands at the benediction. All this ceremony is being performed among ali the different tribes who acknowledge Shem as their paternal ancestor, for it was— Shem’s proud children reared the Assyrian piles, While Ham’s were scattered through tke Sandwich Isles. We have on board a lot of Malay convicts, several Chinere merchants, some shipwrecked English vailors, company of native soldiers who proudly wear the uni- form, and many of the islanders, a: speaking and mat- tering their several languages. No wonder the Tower of Babel wae rather suddenly impeded in its progress by the sudden change in the workmen’s style of conversa- tion. Rattling beans in s tin tube, shaking shot ona pasteboard, or talking with about four men at one time that etammer, will give you an idea of the sound. Our Malay crew of seventy are under the sarany, who works them with hia boatswain’s whistle, I pity the captain who, not understanding the language without a sarapy, takes a Malay crew. When giving some impor- tant order te the men aloft, in the midst of a violent squall, the irritability of the captsin reaches its height to ree them all pouring down the shrouds to sek him what he gaid I could not get a sight of the Arab women. ‘They came cn beard closely veiled, und were immediately locked up in their staterooms.’ The Arsb children are beautiiully formed, with their large black eyes and regalar fextures, the rings made of bravs about their feet, and the little covering for the chest, which stops just where the native covericg usually commences. We arrived at Minto (named I suppore after the British Governor General) a2 night,j and exzly in the morning steamed for Fhio, and then we bave no more stonping Hl we exrive at Singapore. Banca is notizeable mines; about 4,000 ton: @ annually sbipped trom Minto, and if modern machinsry was intro- duced large quantities could be procured. The ore is found reur the surface, and is suid to be the finest known. There are only twenty-five Furopean residents. The mines are worked by Chinese eoolies, who are brought down tor rae. The #traite of Banca sre about one hun dred. miles long, and ia one place only seven wide, which fives no a fine view of the long coast of Sumatra. In rome places the lend is very low, and you cannot even find Horsourg’s tree; and then you have a voleanic range of mountain scenery, with foliage from base to summit a Venutiful green. Remember your excursion from Kingston to Mentreal, and you will find ‘a faint resem. blarce of the rcenery, for ven here we nave our thou- and islards, Orr rorr, Dec. 14. Our passege sgainst wind and tide, part of the way, has been a quick one, fer we shall anchor at six o’clock to-night; leaving Batavia et cight o'clock on the 11th, arrived ut Minto at ten o’clock P.M. the next day; left there at six o’clock A. M., and touchea Rbio (a small setilement with a dozen Europeans) at eight o’clock A, M. on the 1éth, and here we are a: Singapore in s pas- soge of eighty-two hcurs, having stopped ten on the way, which is very tair fora distance of five hundred miles. I Lave seen little of note since leaving Batavia, and do not thik that 1 can fill up my page ner more interesting to your readers by giving ou the latest dates from Japan. Captain Tabius left Nangasaki cn the 15th ult., where he has beea for about four menths waiting to bring negotiations to a close. Of course the King of Holland must see the paper before the rest of the world, but from what] can gather the Dutch have acded another important lnk to their chain. Hoiland’s policy has always been diplomacy in- stead of canron, and from their first foothold in the trade in 1611, obtained through their assistance in driving out the Jesuitical Portuguese—which timely aid the Japanese have never forgotten—and no doubt, had not the Durch resorted to all kinds of chicanery at that early pertod in trying to overreach the vatives of Niphon, they would not have hsd to debase and lower themselves ‘in such ® Cisgraceful manner as is vividly described by their own witers, Baron Van Irohoff and Valantyn, in their en- Ceavors to continuea commerce whish eariy writers bave teld us emcunted, during a period of s'xty years to 1671, to between two and three hundred millions of dollars, the profits on which must have been enormous. This maiv well be cailed their golden age. Brioery and corruption cn the part of the Duteh factory, erected at Nangasnki im 1641. no doubt caused the sudden change of policy ot the Emperor, for first stopping the silver, he after- wards sbut up the gold mines, and then the Dateh were graiuslly reduced every few years to a roost restricted iniercovrre, and had to submit to insults which « Ubristian nation should have resented, rom goli to stl- ver, from silver to copper, their trade at this time, 1700, ‘was their age of bronze, Ne doubt the lors of the Island of Formosa, in 1661, also lessened the rerpect which the Japanese so Jong beld for the Dutch. Tne Chinese also were cut cown from eighty jupks to twenty, This to get two-thirds of the trade, leav- ing opnethbird for the Dutch. The Englisn. who tried to open a commerce from 1616 to 1623 end sgain from 167% to 1682, could wecomplish nothing, and the Keet India Compony’s select commitree reported, in 1792, that the result cf one small venture would show’ ® loss of $150,000, Having equeezed tae Duteh down to mere peoling trade, the commerce varied little during the latter had of tbe past century, and it is most inte ing to Icok over the account sales of the inward and outward annual cargo at the company’s records at, Bata- Tn 1804-5 an invoice, amounting to $212,000, from Jeve, consisting of sugar, rice, tin, rapan wood, nutmegs, rpices, pig lead and pints and cloths, af er adding atl expenses, ourlit, &c., cost, laid dowa wt Nangasaki, $480,000, the lors on which was perfectly ruineus, the cntire outward cargo only netting $92,000. But ic was the return cargo of copper and camphor which changsd the result of tbe voysge; this reatized $886,000, giving the company a clear profit of over hala million of dol- Jars. In 1808, however. the Dutch sbip did not do so well; the cargo costing $394,000, produced on! ,000, thur retting but $176,000. Bot even this average the h did not keep up, when the Dutch possessions in jl into theiz hands from the }'rench by treaty, ccounts of their voyage in 1813, made up with the rame assorted produce of Java, which cost them, laid éown, $208,000, und sola at a loxs of GO per cent, and on the proceeds of which the return cargo of natin ured Jap ver, Ibe. 452 $223,727 Compbor, Ibe. 160/437 $5,786 Piteby Ibs. 1.1,208 600 a ee er ‘They only ad a balance tn toeir {favor of | $44,000 $44,000, And I think this latter venture up to the pre- rent time, under ihe Nutch, has not been more than ccubled; at any rate, I don’t believe thoy have latel; realized $200,000 = year from the trade, to get whiel they have submitted to iadignities unworthy of « »m- mefelal and intelligent a peopie. ‘A reduction in their copper importation from 20,000 in the seventeenth century, to 6,000 now, will thow ‘the falling off in Dutch commerce in Japan from eight or ten ships in 1660—they have now been reduced to twe—up to the time of Nov. 15, 1855, when a new treaty was made, the bearer of which will leave for Holland by the overland mail which takes this letter. You sball have, however, all I have been able to gather regarding the stay of the Gedeh war steamship at Nanga- tak from the conversation of Captain Favius. Jast year this gentleman carried out, an a present to the Em- peror of Japan, a steamship of 170 horse power, and left in her a crew of twenty-two men, as sailors, engineers ana mechanics, to learn the Japanese how to manage her. Thece men are to remain in Japan two years under ‘the pay of the government of Holland. This is the way the Duteh put in their wedge, From the first it has been their babit to send the peror and chief offici sls ele- gant presents; and every year they carry a large assort- ment of scientific Doors on all practical subjects, priated in the Dutch Jang and prerented to the govern- ment. Dntch teael are instructing, under Japanese pay, eeveral schools in Japon, and Japanese teachers are also teaching Dutch lars at Nangasaki. Thus the Duiel in every possible manner, have been quietly working the oracle, and in my mind they have ao maneged their carda as to catch the bird while}Commodore Perry, Admiral Stirling, and the Russian commander have all been rere oe bush. The trestiercf the United Statos in 1863, England in Oetober, 1854, and Russia about the rame time, in my opinion, amount to just so much waste paper; avd I don’t know which goverament will first acknowledge the sell. I have just read the cor- respondence of Reed & Co., in the San Vranel<co Herald, of Sept. 1%, who fitted’ out from san |rancs robe for hat retur Simoda, and who A ene The oe | lowing fm Mes BL dinevawdi, duey ovgut ER have tacwn that the treaty did not allow them to trade. The three vations are all on the same footing, being +i ply permitted to put In to Nangasaki and Simoda (Com- meaore Perry preferred Hekcuadi,) for water, fuel and previsions, So far as provisions are concerned, that clanse #i:l prove sbertive, for the Japaness refuse to sell you duljocks, becanee they are beasts cf burden for pleugbing the soil; sheep eamnot be purchased, ae their wool sn) skin iv reqatred for clothing; ead hens and © ber domestic fowls are not to be had, as they furnish egos for the food of man; nor cows, as their silk is mush sought after. Thus these people, either because it in- terteres with their Teligicn, OF on account of some loc! requnzewent or superstiion, furnish an excuse for most cf the neowssaries of life, In @tplomacy 1 pu: the Ja- panes agaoet the world. Commogore Perry got whst he asked for, and left for the United States with all the evlat of a benefactor of commerce. Ouvof sight, out of wind. It seems the clauses of the in the Saxon and in the Island tongue are somewhat differentiy interpreted. ‘‘Temporary”’ resi at Hakodadi and Sirooda, means, ia Japanése, ten minutes or ten days, as may suit the Emperor; and ‘citizens,”’ in bis lan; does not mean women ! aniit is utterly impossible for Commander Rogers, of our navy, no ma’er how ably he may writeto the nor of the port, tomake bimunder- stand that supplies mean the necessities of man, or that Commodore Perry mace any arrangements whatever for tradwg. I oncerstana that a Mr. Townsend Harris in + xpeoted in the mail stexmer due to-morrow, and that he- hes beer empowered and appointed Ambassador to Siam and Coveul General at Japen. Of the former place J will speak hereafter; but of the latter appointmeat | thiak it will do about as much good and prove about as easential to the commerce of the United States as blowing wu feather in the air for the p gry of catchiog it on yor nse, What can he do? Who is he to ser, and wl will be go’ and where. ch! where, ! ask, is he to stop, nd at what hotel? Even the Commissioner who esides at Decima is only allowed to visit Jeddo once in fue eer acd then. as Sir John Davis went to Pekin, he 1s obliged to go ina sige chutr, and see nothing of this ermit style of people. Wilt Mr, Harris go by o steam- abip to Jeddo? 1fso the chances are be will be requested to negotiate by the way of Hekodadi or 3imodi, and Simeda, you are aware, after threwing the Russian fri- gate Dwira in the air two or three time:—ths water terrific rwell thirty feat, says) Captain Fa- en almost entirely destroyed as a aeaport. The journey inland by the Dutch Commissioners’ road, ip & sedan chatr, will take about aixt; the regular mail goes ‘throngh from teen days. This mai! is carried in a am runner, who, with bell in hand to noti’y rier, messures off his one mile, throws the bagon the man who {s waiting, and off the new postman shoots, with a long stride and fleet floot, tothe next, and so on to the next, and in this way the Japanese from: one runner to anotber along the ¢ till the lett ernment road xe delivered at the tmperial oftice of his high and mighty majesty, the Ewperor. Important government express demands a wider step and quicker speed, and goes through in eleven days. Mr. Silas E. Burroughs must have been disgasted with his adventure in the Lady Pierce, I have sven no account of it—having been shut ‘up so long in Australia—but I have deen told that after they bad drank up al) his chain- pegne, and returned to him with many thenks for his generosity the gold doliars which he nad presented to the several cfilcials, they intimated to htm, in a very pleasant quiat way, peculiar to this siugalar nation. that scme iraportart business to detain him in Japan, that they should uot make the least objection to his evacuating the premises at his earliest possible con- venience. The ratification of the English tresty has just gone to England, and Admiral Siirling has iminovtalized himself in taking the Russian officers #hipwrecked in the Dwiua cut of neutral merchantman, und in putting the final seal to such a milk and water paper, like thet signed by Commodore Perry, while the Russian fleet slipped by him in the fog from Petropolowski to the Amoor, aud from the Amoor into the air—tor nobody has yet bean able to dis- cover where they bave gone to. He bad better resign. Twas much amused to-day at the dinner table to hear Captain Fabias—who #o quietly and ably managed the businers for hia King. and the Right Hon. Mr. stuart, re Captain tn a extenstve, feet of twelve men of war, ‘who, r laying a month at Nan; for of the all important document, Sti itn Pepcid dia and home)—disouss the question of Japan. and Holland got quite warm jn the discussioz, and Fog- lane warmly intimated that had he bad the charge of the affair he would have blown Nangerski and the Dutch ports into the air before he would submit to such indignities as the nese wished to subject the war fleet. Our treaty, said he, is all gammon, and I would not give # banana for yours. Holland, howaver, replied why so—has not the Admiral received all he asked for’ If you want my segar box ang I give it to you, are you to kncck me down for not presenting you with my hat?— Very good, said England, you have me there, and my epstlettes prevent s reply—forthe tongne must be silent when State questions are discussed in which you do not happen to be the principal—but it seemed to him that the tire had passed for any nation to sot thi ter, and Hvea miser’s life in this enlightened age; more especially as the peonle are desir us of opening hole, parts, while the iron rule ot the govern- ment forbids them to express av opin‘on lest some sp) (for esponage is even superior to that of France or Ruset i} repcrt the expression, and then follows that remarkabie execution where the culprit wiih bis own hand, at the command of the cfiicial, rips open his bowels and dies by his ewn action. ‘You must rememter,”’ sald Coptain Vabins, “that the entire control of the nation is at the will of the Emperor, end that he monpolizaa all the commerce of the country. He is the head mansger and principal merchant in the island sor all mercantile affairs, and that every one of ‘bis subjects must give him so much wheat every crop, for the State granary, which is put aside to meet the re- juirementa of a short crop, when.it is al! distributed to the people, and that the religion and the cusioms ot cen- turies cannot be easily thrown aside. The Japanese in- terfere with no one. You make laws in Fagland; and what ts nore, you en‘orce them. So do we in Holtan snd ro do the Japanese; and when they give you all that you have aeked for, you abe: yon will break their laws, auc bombard their cities, and destroy their constwise trade—for what? Because they are what you suppose to be weak; you are strong. They have boundless wealth in the hidden vaults of their treasury, and you are powerful enough to make them disgorge. Tae old story of Alexander the Great and the gentleman who puts his hand in your pocket.” As I before remarked from the conversations of the merchants here, and the naval gentleman above named, who <at cpporite to me, the Japanese: porta will not be opened to Krglard and America for many years, unless Dy invericn, or some sudden turn in the policy of a country thst bas managed ;to find resources within itself to cater to its «ants for over two centuries. Humboldt somewhere bas said that when the oceans «mbraceo at the Darien Isthmus, the fact of ite bringing the Celestial productions some two thousand leagues nearer tke elvilized world, might bring about a cl A for he eensidered this little neck of Jand which obliges thips to go round the Horn as the bulwark that prevents the independence of Chica and Japan. Ibe Vanama Railroad has united the oceans, and the old man eloquent as nature's nobleman, is on his way to hia lorg home, but Japan is still a sealed book to the ce mwmerce of the world. Captain Fabius takes home semples of hep and wheat, but they cost high, even though a trace is commenced by introducing many things, na fn Ching, from the Western nations not bafore use. What ave we to get in return? for in. several in-! stences it has been difficult even to tind sufficient copper to fii} the annual cargoes of the Dutch. They have cam- phor end Japan ware, and bijonterie; raw silk, ambergris, rice and timber, woeat and hemp; but all these art are too bigh for profitable investment. What, then, are they to pay us with, unless we once more manage to un- lock their precious metals ? In a Jormer letter I intimated that if possible 1 would get a statement of the strength of the Dutch navy in the Indian Archipelago; and through the courtesy of Captain Fatius, whese pleasant manners and good common sense make him most attractive, I am able tv jot down the tollowizg: Steamships Amsterdam, 8 guns, for Japon when on tain Fabius gets back; Gedeb, 8: Etna, 6; Vernvius, 6; Samarang, 10; Celebes, 4; Borneo, 4; Surinam, 6;70a- rust, 2; Admiral King’s bark, 2; Batavia 4—and several echocners. Uncer cenvaes, Prinée Frederick, 44 guns, (frigate); Palem Bang, 44 do.; Boreas, 28; Van Speyk, 28; [he Plisdes, 12; De Hague, 18. jaily expected, lrince Alexander, 44 gans; Fre. gat de Ruiter, 60; Medura, 92; Monteado, 12; Seadoro, 4: Phenix, 6—all manned by 3,800 sailors. YO AMERICA, UNG Loxpon Hori, Sixcaronr, Deo. 20, 1855.2 A Singapore Hotel—Its Incomveniences and Horrors—Im- periance of Singapore as a Commercial Rendevous—The Ojrium Privilege—Scenery of the Istant—Pnvirons of the Citu—The Population, Native and Foreign—The Ohines, Millionaire, Wampon—Trade of Singapore~The Malay Piroles—American Commerce in the Indian Archipeago— Siam and its Erclusiveness—Efforis to Open its Trate— Horvers of the Coolie Trafic, &e., Ee. ‘The mail steamer from Europe for China has just been telegraphed ; and, asl am bound to the Celestial regions by this boat, and, as sbe stops but s few hours to drop. the mail, my glance at Singapore, I fear, will have to be postponed till time and observation will allow mo to do it justice. However, 1 will write on till the bell rings, and crowd asx much together as space will admit. After luxutiating In the fairy grotto scenery of Java, and grown fat on the good living and courteons treatment one may receive there, (notwithstanding Helland asts the wiser and dog in the manger in her commeree,) the traveller (not an Englishman) who looks at Singapore a he lands in fog, with « dozen Kling boatmen, aa savage. D appearance as fancy can picture, taking away your baggage, and talking and gesticulating like manixes, an unintelligible jargon—while you jump into a curry, with a stout runt of a horse, and see the nayas (driver) rush off at @ long wolf-like trot, holding his galloping anima by a small rope, instead of mounting » coachman's seat, like a civilized being—when you get fairly rettied down in that huge pile of ugly looking buildings cover” ing a good sized farm, and known ae the London Hotel and kept ima manner that would disgrace a landlord in in the backwoods of Kenses, where your food looks untns vilipg, anais brought to you at the long, well ventilated and punkah cooling dining hall, by Asiatics and islanders who always em to me to have their hands upon their half clad body when you want a piece of bread, some Malay curry, ora pireapple; and when, perhaps, your rensitivencss makes ycu daintyawhen your boots and books become mildewed, and your browm leather trunk resembies the skin of « Maltene cat, it has become fo niouldy—when your eocos- nut off Jamp, manufactured out of a tumbler of wa- ter, on the surface of which a Ittle piece of pith kept flostirg on the ofl by means of bite of cork, amewers for ding, burns A and yon cannot get » candle Te howling an! Hiliinrd room ane enerouad DG Dy We rome os Ue mud, Ane LUE neviveR, WhO MeugE