The New York Herald Newspaper, February 24, 1856, Page 7

NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1856. ‘The Silk Ribbon Crade of Seitseriand. BRarweTics OF TAK TOWN OF BASLB—ITS TRADE, POPULATION AND GOVFRNMENT—AN OLIGAKOAY OF WEALTH —A PLAN OF MATURING 4 SILK RIBBON TRADE IN THE UNITED STATES—IT3 COST AND ‘YIELD. ‘Basle is considered the wealthiest town in the world tm relation to its small popula‘ion, @hich to-day reaches hardly the number of 30 000 inhabitants, foreigners in- eluded. ‘Thiv wealth has been boarded up during the last one hundred and fifty years—since the introduction of ‘and through the nbbon manefacture carried on there. ‘The town of Basle, with the three villages belonging to %, forms but halts canten out of the twenty-two of which the Swiss Confedvration is composed. The govern- ment is oligarchio, notwithstanding its democratis ap- pearance, and all the power of it resides with @ score of families, not by the force of any special law, but by the power of their money and habits. Their families are strong’ y united »y continued intermarriages, aad who- ever ventures to counteract their influence {s aure to lose their patronage, whichis the chief mesns of subsistence fm the little town. Ihe citizens of Balen are great churoh- goere and epicureans; as for politics they care but little, ‘Sud on poll days seldom one-‘aird of the voters ¢ me for- ward, and willingly abanion both the deliberative and executive:part of the government to the * Vorach- mea Herreu,”’ who have every: hicg incir own way. These Vornehmen Herren, ratze: than submit to ‘the slaime of the country people for universal suffcage, mameged to separate whe \own from the country, in order not to run'the risk of having one day to combat a union ef the free voters of the country with the few mal- contents ‘in town, ‘The ditch and walls which encompsss this li'tle town are ofno miitery use, still they are retained an repairet every year with great cst, becaure they serve t» keep the town from an extension waich possibly migat endes- ger the cligarchic power, and whtch of necesalty would veug Sins the dreaded reunion with the country, K and.) About one-third ot the area of the towa of wists in garden lands io the hands of the weal- citizens. a the politioaly separation of Basle-town from Basie-country, severat silt-mbboa manufactories have deen eatablished in the Intter, and also within the neigh bering cantons of Argovics aud Solotaurn. Therefore, the Toillicnaires of Basle, busy themselves to withdraw by degrees their looms from the country, and 0 concentrave the industry im large buildings ia the town. This, of course, is objected to by the country people, and @reates much dissatixfaction among them, because they do not like to leave their villages and mountains, and to aggregate in manufactories in the towa. They woaid sooner emigrate if fair chances ware oif+red to them to exercise their indu y in the United sta-es. ‘The safest mode to carry on and to naturalize in the United States the silk industry, would oe to begia with the macutacture of piain sik rbd0ns of all kiudy, for cape, creases, hats and shoes; and also of plata silk g >xds ae florence, tatferes, satins and levanveens. The sams Joome woud serve also tor the manu‘acture ef cotwn ribbons which our Quakereases draw now trom Englan1. By the skill of our mechanios, great improvezat ia ‘the adaptation of steam power to this new ich of in- dustry may safely be expected. Ground, ding ma- Yerialy, coals and victuals, are far cheaper, sey in Phila elphia than in Baslo, which 1s enough ¢> counterdaisace ‘the effects of the cheaper Imbor in this latter place. Also, the raw silk could’ be procured sheaper in an American seapert trom Chins, Japan or Turkey, may, even trom France and Italy, than in the inland towas of 3wi:zecland ‘and Prussia, who draw the raw silks from foreign parts, and sjj:] are abie to run down in our markets the mana- facturers of plain silk goods, even of the sitk producing countries of France aud ttaly. It i» well known that the import duty on raw silk has been crested in order to encourage silk production in ini. Now, this scheme bas proved a cotal failure, and norhing remains of it but the byword tt created of the ‘morus mullicaulis spec’. To-day a protactionsry duty on ‘this sort cf raw materiel is of no earthly use. On the contrary, i: isa suicidal prentum payed to foreiga in- dusty, ‘and ought to be abolished without hesitation, and ence. The protection of the present import duty on silk gods ‘would be sufficient to call into life an induatry which will retain in our country twenty millions of déiars on plain silk goods, tor which we are tributary now te old Eurooe; and, on the other hand, it would increase our commer- eal relations with Chins and Turkey for at lesst tea mil-+ ‘oes ot dollars worth of raw silk, an artiele which our ‘tradesmen cannot touch under present c'rcumstances, and which fs left to their rivals in England, Fraace and Germany. In New York there are already some solitary ailx looms at work; but as long as the dyed silk has to be drawa trem France, and with an import duty, too, of 16 per cent, this industry will not take. Andes long as this ‘apport duty lasts an experiment on a large scaie is not acvisapie. A ailk ribpon establishment, in order to be complete, ‘wants its own c)¢ing apparatus, and cannet, therefore, ‘be opered at a costut less than $200,000. But then the enterprise is sure to succeed and to compete with any ") €6 ly #0 with protective duty of 25 per cent. In ‘orcer the better to illustrate my assertion, I enclose a plan for the establishment ef a plain silk rid- ‘bon manufactory, consisting of 100 satin and 60 taffeta Jooma, worked by steam, with the sstistance of about 180 @ifferent work people. To tai plan are added, some samples of :ibbons, with » calculation of their cost of manufacture :— PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF 4 PLAIN SILK RIBBON MANUFACTORY Consis:ing cf. one bunsred satin and fifty taffeta looms ‘Worked by steam, with the assistance of avout one han- dved and eighty cifferent work people, and the supposed valae of opjects in whis project according to their cost im the vilk ribbon manufacturing town ot Basle, in Switserland, and calculations of the cost of the manu- facture according to custom and rate in the said piace im the winter of 1864 and 185: ‘Cost of the building... 5 Cost of steam power (50 horses)... ‘Cost ot 160 looms, to each 70 square inch, and 4 inch to 8 inch oak wood, 100 cea: boards, 260 Ibs. cast and 100 Ibs. of forged iron—mostly joiners ‘and some turners’ work..........$15,000 00 25 machines for the warping (joiners’ work)... 00 18 machines 10 meke the spool (machinists? work) 16 00 50 machines to wind the i por dévider la svie (machiniste’ ee 800 00 the ribbons (machinists? work) Fitting out of the office and 17,866 00 may be v4 vis: Un 100 loons, 21,600 ribbon, No. 6, of 17 lines, and jem 60 looms, 7,000 warps 0/ taifers riboops, No. tives 1-12 inch; each of 144 metres ufeetuning of the above quantity of atin ribbons requires the foliowing sums:— 4,176 Ibe. Organreen warp. at the price in jal 1864, (311. and Sf. to \twe dotisr)....... + tees see, $32,085 00 BPP Ie, treme Gliing ai the price in ‘Beh: 1664, 27¢. (5f. doliar)...... 28,755 00 Tere “‘dcchets’) 5 per cent oa the recove sum ‘ seeeee 3,042.00 ‘Bo wind the nilk 11 cause ran sik i tena e 18 wary irk 38 weavers, a3 344 00 10 apcolmakers, (cai 040 00 For wood pins 302 40 Guat of cyein 4,200 00 Ghorsing, (avy: 1,020 00 Solution’ ot getatin @ '200 00 ‘Boght workmen and packers. 908 44 Capital required for the setting to work of Rico eito loom The manvfacturing ‘pa fate ribbons require she following sums:— 1,760 lo. orgenseen or re, ac the priee of lant fall of Sif. (6f. to the tah cmpae shee +++- $11,200 00 3,062 Its. trame or filling, rice of Inet fall, of 27t...... + 18,534 80 5 per cent tare or cecheta on the apove nae * 1386 68 of dyeiog (here ti yi before ake unlike the satin)... 1,443 60 26 weavers, st 80c. the warp olmakers (canuatieres) Paper and Woaiog. “2 200.00 ‘Workmen end packers. eevee 50000 1 required for the setting to work the Cn} taffeta 10ecs 30,851 40 11,600 00 4.000 00 1,200 00 1,500 00 apite! juired for the setting up of the Thole vetabitahment oebe +++ 9B1T4,346 4 lation of the principal points of the above, ree P16 00 jing. pea. people in the Total amount, as above. 114,346 40 Capital required to start this industrial en- rine $200,000 00 Caloulation of the cost of certain inclosed samples of ribbons supposed to be manufactured in the United States, Cost of the filling and warp, worked om the 100 satin looms, (loss 6 per cent included). Clon ett rad oe oo fe thirds of the interest on’ the capliai in: ‘vested in the concern, at 4 per cent per annum ‘Two-thirds weer and tesr on the apparatus, as- Limated at-$25,206, 64 per cent.........., Unprovided for expenses and difference of in- terest. Com of the 216,000 pieces of natin ribboms No. B Of the MRMP!OS ee sreeeere reer enen eres 902,273 00 joes 14 2-5th metres length at taten money. 40 IIE ap aie ene cat 1443 60 rg and Ley x 8,460 40 ‘Word pine, peper, folding and packing. 326 00 Sundry work people, clerks, ke. 1,600 00 One-thire inverest on the concern, at 4 per cent pe . 2,824 60 One-third wear and tear on the apparal above. 31; ver cent on $26,266. Unprovidea fer expenses and di! terert.. Cost of the 70,000 pieces of taffeta ribbons, No. 8, on ee seve se es 848,718 00 —which brings the piese of 14 2-6th metres length at about 1536. Cnited States money. 1 beg to remark that in these calculations the United Sraten dcliar ts caloulated but 66; then the: liviog in Basle is a dear sey a» in Vhiladeiphia, and cost of ground end builoing perhaps deare: ‘yet; alse mechantcal skill in the United States in fer than in Switzerland, and, tuere‘ore, great improvements are to beexpected in this praneh of manufactures in the United States, «@ WEIS. Oar Harrisbarg Correspondence. Hauniseura, Feb, 13, 1856. Passage of the Act for Incorporating the Fran ciscan Brothers—The Liquor Bili—The Fusion Movement—The National Americans Won't Fuse —Déscouraging Prospecte of Fillmere—The Weather, &c., $c. ‘The aot te incorporate the Franciscan Brothers, of Casbria county, after five days of lively discussion, passed the House finally yesterday, by a vote of 60 to 29, every democratic member but one voting tor ‘the bill—thzt member fearing that he would be read out of his:party ‘for voting with the Know Nothings, this morning submitted his reasons in writing, and asked that they might be placed on record. The reasons that le :gave for going over to the Know Nothings in that vote was that he considered the incorporating‘of that society belonged to the Courta, and not ‘to the Legislature. I doubt very much if his statement prevents their giving him his walking papers. Let ‘his democratic brethren do with him as they may for casting that vote as he did, he cer- tainly in that act will receive the thanks of all can- did thinking men, who are not bound down and trammelled with party discipline, or controlled by party dictation. Those persons applying for this incorporation are applying under monkish names, and it is, beyond o doubt, a ‘‘ monastic institution,” similar to those that existed during the dark ages of history, whose object itis to gradually and stealthily arrest the onward march of the liberty of the mind. Every legislator should take warning from the im- menge evils experienced by the nations of the Old World in these societies; and at once rebuke all at- temptsto establish them upou our soil. This bill received the final vote in the House, and passed by a strict party vete. It now goes to the Senate, where there will be also a long and spirited debate upon it, and if the votes of tle Senators are controlled by party dictation the bill will pass that body by one majority. The democrats cannot doa better thing to strengthen the American party in this State than by incorporating such societies as the Third Order of the Franciscan Brothers, The liquor bill is still being discussed in the Se pate. They have reached, on the second reading, the twelfth section of the bill offered by Mr. Brown, of Philadelphia, or as it is termed here the “Demi- john law.” It prohibits the sale of liquor in less quantities than one gallon. Under the present law we need buy only a quart to drink, but if this bill becomes an act, we then shall be compelled to buy a ,gallon, either to wet our whistle or fora medicinal | porpose. There isa strong probability of this bill assing the Senate, but it never can pass the lower jouse; hence, in what shape the two houses will compromise the matter, the future alone can tell; at Yeast, it is impossible to guess, under the present phage of things. The fusion movement is still quietly progressing. They have been meeting and adjourning from time to time without anything, in hopes that some astounding news would be received from Kansas, that they — find a plank to place their mongrel party y ere are strong symptoms of their changing eir tactics, and calling their party the anti-Atcbi- son and anti-border ruflians ; Se beginning to think thet that man down to Washington is not worth noticing; he is too far away from the seat of war. Quite a number ot the out-and-out Americans are becoming disgusted with the movement, and are determined not to go into the caucus again. This has also been one of the causes of the delay in their issuing a call. There has been a pres deal of side manceavering and sae pen going on for the last week; tney have tried every possible mode to bring the two par- ties together; but the national Americans refuse to recognize rd of their movements. Mr. Purviance, black republican Cor man from one of the west- ern districts, has left his duties in Washington, and has been here for the last three or four days attempt- ing to ge sinus fixed in apple fineorder. [tis now be- lieved that the Americansof Penneylvania have been soid in Washington by three or foar of her Congress- men, to Greeley, Seward & Co.; and it is currently reported that Seward is to visit Harrisburg soon, to ain in cutting and drying things for the White House. re becoming troubled abont the ai “Live Oak” demonstrations. It is thought that the State administration is also quietly aiding this fusion movement, but the Governor is said to be unwilling to make any public move until he sees what his chance is in the convention of the 22d of this month. ‘You men who want to see “Sam” and “‘ Sambo” hugging and kissing each other may fix up this fu- sion or mongrel platform to suit yourselves, and then elect your ticket—if you can. Yeu will find that just about the time you think you have got “Sam” tied up, he will be harrahing for “ Live Oak George,” and cursing woolly keads in general. I see that your Philadelphia correspondent states that a majority of the delegates from this State are for Fillmore; and if the nomination rested upon the dele; from the Ke State, the Ex-President would be nominated by acclammatien. He cannot be very well conversant with the politics of the in- terior of the State, or he never have — Fe eee bn far ae eS dae al gather lews ol ie elected, they are all 0} to Fillmore, with the exception of those Philadelphia, and the adjoining counties. The delegates as far as heard from, ure all purely national men, and are not tinc- tured in any way with republicanism; but they are far from being all Fillmore men. Law and even Houston is ahead of Fillmore; either ef which will run better in this State after you get outside of Phila- delphi than the ex-President. the opinions of those persons that from time to time congregate here from all parts of the State is any criterion to go by as to the public feeling in the State, Fillmore cannot in any possible circum- stance carry the State, if nominated. It would be it ible for him to poll anywhere near his party vote. If Fillmore is nominated, the @emocratic candidate whoever he may be, will carry this State. The nea that assemble in Philadelphia on the 22d, had better remember that if they wish to be rte democrata to be quietly lookin; lemocrats appear mietly lool on, and awaiting the action of the Tonveation 3 the 22d, to see how they can shape their course, so as to steer clear of breakers. We had one of those down east cold and cutting days yesterday. The mercury in the thermometer went down twenty-one degrees in four honrs in the afternoon. In the morning it was thawing, and in | the afternoon a blustering northwester came roar- ing along with ail its fury: Long may it_be be‘ore we look upon its like again. VisirER. Management of the City Ratlronds—Risks of Passengers, TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. New York, Feb. 21, 1886, Recently; aa is your wont, whenever the public good is concerned, you administered s well merited csstigation to some of the «irectors of ths city railroads. But you ex cepted somewhat those of the Kighth avenue line. Iam sorry to state from the experience derived from frequent. ly travelling om this road, that, in one respect at least, its managenent is ‘much of » ‘muchness”? with thet of tbe other all 1 mean that of overpaoking the cars re being, nightly, as many aa sixty passengers haeg- ing on and trowded la vach ‘ar. Thia ih cvrries to race an exvent, that a gang of thieves, acting in concert, take advantage of the circumstance to ply the craft of pisk- pookets, By way of » warning to others, I will fics! mention the manner tn which, in an Eighth avenue car. between Twentieth and Thirtieth streets, two ladies, rela tives of mine, in the empioy of Morurs. Carpenter & Ide. Broadway, were cased of their mnsies on Satur: day evening last. As it is ususl in these cars for novices, preferably to yield their seats to such doll dressed woiner as they mistake for ladies, pickpockets avatl themselves of the fact to try the polite dodge. One of the thieves 8 fellow with a ‘‘awell mob’! mouchoir ia bis breast, an fromense wa and otherwise snobbisbly dres: lays the galiant to some ladies who are left to stand. fe imperiourly demands of some men o ‘ite, con- federates, ina working garb, why they don’t give their vea'a to these Iaiies. These sham workies retort hy eaying, the “big bug,” with the rag in his breast, ought to set the first example. Mutual compliments pass od repees; high words ensue; a sham fight results; » general scuflie; women al hal€ bystert de novément: » nuraber of Indies find their pockets lightened ; a call for the police; one seen in the distance—shary felow; sharp weather; cap over hin cars; don’t hear; p’Heeman’s corpus receding more and more into m-tal perapeciive; car stops; theives make theic leisurely exit Ww re-enect the seme game nightly. Now, for arenedy for these evila we look in vain to the Cirectors of the Hine. Unies yon take uo the subjecr nnd Gretuaee to it, we must submit to de Pillleged with impunity, THOMAS Loars, AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. Our Paris, Madrid, Edinburg and Rome Cor- respondence, 20, 2a, Our Paris Correspondence. Panu, Jan, 30, 1856. The Peace Oongress—the Struggle for its Localization— Louis Napoleon's Anciety to have it Held in Parus—His Exultation at the Accomplishment of his Wishes—The Pa- risiana in the Seventh Heaven of Delight--Ihe Political Quid Nunes taken Aback by Russia's Acceptance of the Austrian Propositions—Langwage of th: Russian Organs --Grand Court Reception on the Anniversary of Louis Napoleon's Marriage—Americans Present, dc, de. * My ccpjectures in reference to the place of conference bave proved true. You perceive that Paria is to have the honor of giving its name to the new peace which is about to dawn upon the world. Information, on which leould thoroughly rely, induced me to infer that Napo- leon’s darling purpose would be obtained, Taere were objections, and Frankfort had very nearly borne away the prize, but Napoleon was, as usuel, tenacious, and carried his point. It was urged that the war had as- sumed so French @ character that it was not politic to strengthen it by making the peace a Parisian one; that Logiand war, beyond measure, ‘sore at the insigni@eant réle she had played—that she detested this premature patching up of the Russian quarrel—that it required bu: a breath to fan some dangerous sparks into a blaze; bat vhe Emperor was inexorable. Napoleon bas an intuitive perception whenever the national pride is at stake; andit is imposaible to over- estimate the joy and delight which the comparatively trifling circumstance—trifing, at least, in the view of ordinary men—of the capital of France being selected has everywhere afforded. As for Paris itself, if it had hea:d, like ancient Rome, of its perpetual exemption from tax- ation—of the reduction of provisions by s moiety in price —of rents having fallen from a thousand francs s cam. ber to five hundred—wf a file every week, and a gratui, tons ticket to the adorable spec:acie every night, it could not be more exuberant in its self-gratulations. The Pa- risian sporgo shall wipe out for ever, it is said, the hand- writing of the treaties of Vienna; and Paris, which is the centre of the arts, of arms, of the wozld’s civilization, whose heart never throbs but to quicken the pulsation of all people to the farthest ends of the earth, shail once more take her rightful place as the initiator, the origia- ator ¢f the world’s prosperity. Waterloo’s ensangniaed plain is remembered no more, for itis avenged. The exile and premature death of her greatest son and conqueror is consigned to the dust ot history, tor his descendant sits on the throne, and tue very nations which are responsi- befor his avcerzral degradation stand at his coanciy board and register bis behests. 1t would be absurd to deny that the recent movement in political events has eminent- ly conduced to the popularity and pres:ige of Louis Napo- leon, Theeudden conversion of Russia to pacific measure: haa confounded the wisest. The oldest and most wary poli- ticians are taken sback, and as nothing des really sus- ceed like success,many who have hitherto obstinitely resisted all claims ‘to sagacity set up by the partisans ot the Emperor, begin to have doubts of themselves, and to ery “who would have thought it! The war has really tasted iong enough togive contidence to the French arms ‘and just when the pressure was about te be felt, lol as by enchantment, it ceases. The man {is protecced by a divinity.” Despite all that has been said by the Engli-h journals to the contrary, i: is difficult to believe that Rusia has not accepted the propositions ia-all sincerity. The words of the Journal de St. Petersbury are trankness ttself:— Tn pursuance of this accord, in pursuance of the wishes manifested by the whole of Europe, sad iu face of a co slition which tended to aseame Jsrger proportions, and looking at the sactifiees which the prolongation of the ‘war imposes on Russia, the imperial govecnmsnt hes not thought it its duty to postpoue by accessory divcus- rion a work of conciliation, the success of which would sarisly ity dearest wishes. ‘It consequently gives its ad hesion to propositions transmitted oy the Austr vernment as & project fur predainaries for negotia for peace. It requires very conaigerable ingenuity to distort lau. guege buch aa this, and the fact is so consonant with ail previous report, that to disbelieve its sincerity would seem gratuitous incredubility. ‘The toncluding passage is in keeping:—By her ener. ge ic uttivuce in presence of a formidable coulition, Rus- sia hea shown the sacrifices wiich she is ready to make in defeyee«f ber honor and dignyty, By this act of m+ deration the imperial government gives &t the same tims ‘8 frech proof of 1:8 sincere desire ot terminating the effu- Hon of blocd—of putting an end to a struggle sffectiny her civilization and Lumenity, and of restoring to Rasalu and Europe the blessings of peace, It has a right to ex- pect that the opinions of a)l civilized countries wil! give it due credit for this moceration.”” I never remember so much unanimity among all politi- cians of every shade as reigns at present. No one seen to have wan ed to 5° one step farther against Russia. Everybocy apoeara delighted at the prospect of seeing ths Russians back again in France. This eternal Aoglomania in sickening, say some, and worse than Russophobia. Ihe fact is Russomania dide feir to be the future order of the day, There is only one journal, tne Siecle, the repubii- can organ, that utters a dissenting voice, and it is certain thet republicans geverally are oy to see the hope of nationaiities so suddenly eclipsed. Still, { think this re- gret is balsnced by the conviction that the prosecution of the war would have tended to the eggrandization of Eng- land rather than France. The Queen of Engiand’s speech on the re-assemling of the British Parliament, is looked forward to by all Freach- men with almost greater interest than in Fogland. There the utmost disappointment prevails at the pacific pros- peet. People were just becoming warm to the new order of thirgs. true, @ ten per cent income tax awaited them, but the agrieuiturista were in high good humor— corn was getting up daily. A large portion of the agricaltu- ra] tenantry had recured leases on the principle that fifty shillings a quarter would in tuture bee 4 price, aud the war was gradually pushirg it np to double that amouat. ‘The counties which are usually #0 conservative aud fatal to Lora Palmerston’s party at an elect would have fo o<eeeie eee and an appeal the people ve given the Palmerstoman & large majority. But these are details which Rave no interest tor this sid» of the water. The Queen’s ‘and the pnbliched de- bates will clear up much that is at preseat opsenre—he e position of the spprosching nego tations—toe ané fears ot Enj Jast, not ieast—the stare of feering about the Central American question, whivh at re ‘bids fair to be the great topic of excitement for 856, ratber than the Russian diffieulvy. Yesterday the Em and Empress completed the third anniversary of t! marriage. The inveresti tition of her Majesty rendered the congratulations she received aoubly impressive; but {t was observed that more than once she wiped away a tear as she reomved the ishes of her friends. A bail at the Tuileries celebrated the occasion in the evening. Among the Americans present were Mr. avd Mrs. Bronson, Mr. and Mrs. Butterfield, Mis« Julia Ann May, Mr. and Mea. Yan Zanct, Mr. and Mrs, W. E. Murphy and Miss Murphy, Mr, Owen Murphy. ‘Mr. Robert Mur; ., Mra. and Miss Jones, Mr. W. S. Vaientine, Mr. and Mrs. Stevens, M. L. G, Howard—all of whom, the Sunday previous, had been presented to the Emperor by the Hon, Mr. Mason, Minister of the United States, ERIE. ~ Panis, Jan. 81, 1856. Eefictof the Peace Newson Public Securities — Discontent 0° the Old Muscovite Party with Alexander—A Revolution in Russia Talked of — Dangers of a Fiasco at the Peace Con: ference—American Politics Becoming the Reigning T- pic of Interest—Secretarg Marcy and the Paris Correa pontent of the New York Herald—A Fossil Goow and a French Canard, ic. Buoyancy, \gréat and exuberant, is the order of the day. Securities of all kinds have shot up and are stilt continuing to do so with a velocity perfectly petritying The three per cents, which this day fortnight were Jittle above 62, are now 71. This ix a go-ahead-iam which even the United States might envy. All is couleur de row and the pacificators, dn order to make assurance doubly sure, and keep Great Britain disposed to look at the “‘qegotiations”’ through their spectacies, are atcoking Johany down the back, and administering a little sot: sawder, “Don’t say so, dear Johnny; you forfetted no reputation at the Redan, and if you lost Kars, you could not help it. Never talk about your influence in th» Asiatic provinces being mene below zero; look at the ruined docks of Sebastopol, aad remember the equilibrium of Europe.’’ John Ball pout sad looka giush, and some times elenches his fis! as though he would much like to give his comforting friena a pumgeh under his waistcoat, but thinks better of it, and turns away. It remains to be seen, notwithstanding the bi'arion: state of the money market, whether there joyful antici pations are not, after all, fabricating winga of wax which will be strangely given to melt before the heat and glo« of the coming conference. Private letters whish I ree from St. Petersburg snd from Germany throw strong doubts on the possibifty of a bapo; termination of the war. The oki Muscovite party in Rusria is said to be galled beyoud measure at the faint heartedness of Alexander. So strong and bitter is the feeling that {t is even asserted a compliance with all the demands which it is promised will be condense within the fifth point would infallibly bring about » rev.- lntion at St. Potersburg, ending in the aubstitution o Constantine for the present occupant of the imporia throne, These are not mere on dits. I have seea le.ter- from parties whose opportunities of knowing the truth not be questioned. Among other things these letter: state thet but for the hope of inserting the thin end of the wedge which sball ultimately serve to separate the alliance, the Muscovite party would not even mow be — dat it is declared that intormetion from Paris of euch an aesuring character on this head has reached them that they think it wise to let the pacific policy run iw course, Indeed, when we consider the mavy discordant ele- mente which have to be brought in unison by the great sonference about to take place, how immensely the spirit of compromise which is so essential to the termination of political a» well a» social differences, must differ in England and io Russia—what opportunities will thas be given to France to play the rile of umpire—how Sardi- nia and Sweden wi'l use all their influence with England to keep the quarrel open—how the proud noblesse of Kurefa will protest against humiliating concessions— how the personal fears of A exander may be acted upon —how, in the very midst of the negotigtions, some on- thomality may suddenly take heart ot grace and seize arms on its owm account—one cannot help won- dering at the extent of that confidence in s pacific issue ‘which seems so thoroughly predominant. This much eertain—should the negotiations share the fate of last yeer, the war that will break out wili prove a perfect European voleano. To say‘‘I doubt, I doubt,” when so many wise men say “I'm sure, I’m sure,’’ would be presumption. It is not impossible, however, that you in America, distant as you are from the scene ef our squabbles, may be able to forms more just opinion o the probable issue than ourselves. We aball anxiously look for Amerioan comments on the crisis, But America is herself a subject of intense interest at this moment; and now that the Parisian Conference is considered ats fait accompli, transatlantic politics are anx- fously discussed, Should Europe be pacified, it seems to be the opinion in political and diplomatic circles that the ad- ministration of the United States will, ia this asin many other matters, have proved. day too late for the tair. The lofty tone sbout the Central American question was as much necessary one year, two years age, as now; why not have used it then, when the capture of Sebastopol ‘wes a problem, or the landing at Eupatoria was only im- minent. Certainly a more unhappy juncture for threat- ening to kick a man down stairs cannot be imagined than to catch him with « Colt’s revolver in his hand, while you yourself have only just become sensible of the want ofsuch & weapon; and yet this is precisely the position the Pierce administration will occupy should a peace be concluded at Paris. Lord Palmerston, with the whole of the Baltis and Mediterranean tleews, armed to the teeth, and straining like “greyhounds ia the leash,” will be able to Jet stip the dogs of war and devastate far and nebr the coaste ot the United States, while she is only just begin- ning \0 make some additions to her navy. Une cannot help thinking that Mr. Marcy, who is al- ways s0 valorous against shadows, who is the very Bom- bastes Furioso in killing » flea, when smarting under its inficitessimal irritation, might have seized a more oppor- tune vecasion for mounting the Presideut on his rockiog horse. In France, I am sorry to say, Mr. Marcy’s repu- taticn among stavesmen is vaatly below his mecite. He has the creait of uncoubied honesty, of great facitty and justuets of expression, as shown in’ his despatches, put ‘of a moral littieness totally unworthy the high position he occupies. Great unquestionably be can be, it is said, but it is 4 greatness only worthy ot an old clothes shop; for the only acta of vigor he has been guilty of ace his onslaught on the breeches of his diplomatic servants, and his complaints, loud, long and lashrymuse, to Great Bri- tein that there is at aris agentleman corresponding for the New York HERALD, whose gentle peraitlage is seriously Cerimentas to his useiuiness. As the correrpondent of the HgRALD, I have never had Dutone chject—that is, to presen: tts readers with fair reflex vf Parisian opinion, of Paria society, its gale- ties, its manners, its spectacles—in » word, itd general tone. I never medde with indiyidoais, their name, character or reputation, unless it be to record somethiog which may redound to theirnonor. I spesk of American citizens. I have deen told that my letters ure some- tiwes read with pleasure by the great American repuo- lic; that are sumetimes traasfecres trom the columns of the Hxrawp to those of other journals, | have seen them occasionally translated into French Jourpale—even the Moniteur has more tuan once trans- cribed paxsages from them. If, feom this, I may gather that, in some faint degree, I have approached the standard your gigantic circuiation demands of its oor- reece sant, T sul not be ceterred from performing my duty by the pulirg complsints ef Mr. Mifrcy or any uther member of the Pierce admin‘atration, trom condnaing wy pumble services, whatever exalted influence may bu brough: to bear upon me, and from endeavoring to justify the selec ion in my favor which its talented, courageou» ‘and manly editor aod proprietor has thought ft to make. But do I not speak words oftrath and svveruess in say ng that Mr. Marcy 1s only valiant against shadow: and pigmies, when I thus exhibit your errespondent as vf bis intenced victims? Is this the way tha;greav rica grew and grew, till, like the fabulous tree its branches spread so far and wide the: all noxious plexts withered under its shade. Is this the way that the Las fixed upon herself the admiration ot the civil- zed world, and that in Eogiand especially her citizens are Tegardea aa the pattern people of .ibertyY Is this toe wey that her glorious sun arcee and shed its light freecom to the farthest boundaiies of her territory, til ‘the reflection fll on other lancs for ages trodden dowa in the Oid World, and who now bask in the thought and bope ot trammels revered, dashea to the ground, ano manhoud’s birthright of liberty regainea? No; it ‘was not thus that great America roused the sieeping earth from pole to pole, ano shook the thrones of trem- bhpg tyranta; but by havirg at the heim of that re pub.is the Facher ot ns Country bequeatued her, men imbued with his spirit, whose wind and heart soared scinewhat higher tuan the intricacies of a shoe string. acd were impressed too ceeply wita the inalionadie rights of the press to interfere in the remotest degree with che nomblest and least talented of its eontribusors. ‘the Presse Graylowe relates the following sory. Per- haps Mr. Marey will tuen his powerful mind, after th American people shall have released him from tre pres- sure of State affairs, to ite solution :—A discovery of great seientific importence has just been mad» at Culmont (Haute Maine). 8 me men employed in cutting a taanel which fs to unite the St. Dezier and Nancy railways, had just thrown down an enormous block of stone by mesos of gunpowder, and were in tt eact of breaking It in pivoen, when trom» cavityin it they suddenly sar monstrous form. hither x tinct, nas ® very long neck, and a mouth filed with per Be It stands om four legs, which are united together by four memopranes, douvtiess intended to sup- port the animal in the air, and are armed with four claws, terminated Hy Ree and crooked talons. Its gene- Tal form resembles that of a bat, differing only in its nize, which is that of a large goose. Ita membranous wings, when spread out, measure from tip to tip ten fee: seven fmches. Its color ia # livid biack; its satin fs naked, thiex and ofly; its intestines only contained @ colorless liquid like clear water. On papi the light, thie monster gave rome slight signs of lite, by shal ita wings, but soon after expired, uttering a hoarse cry. This ye ag f eed creature, to which m-y be given the name of living for has been brougut to Gray, where as naturalist, well ver: mm the wd Cie ee Tooogalsed | ie as 101 wo was pero ee mei remaizs of whieh eve boon found aaone the strate The rockin which this ‘moneter was discoverei belongs precise:y to teat formation the ceposit of which is sv old that geologists date it more thane milion of years back. ‘The cavity m which the enimal was lodge! forms ‘an exact hollow mould of its body, which indicates that it hod completely enveloped with the sedimentary de- Petntortunately, I am not sufficiently ologist to be any guide to your reacera in the crecibility of vhis ec- count. It leoks to me so much like au ornithological re. rerentation of the Pierce admintstrati m—‘‘its general Jorm resembling a bat, and It size that of a large goose, exbibiiiog slight signs of life on reaching she light, (or Presidency ot the United States,) then shaxing its wings, and soon after expiring, witn a hoarse cry””—that I ean’t help suspecting it must be one of thone living fossils only intelligible to large, eapacious minds, such a; the Ameri- can Foreign Searetary. The ‘‘sedimentary deposit” here spoken ot is #0 exactly in keeping with Mr. Marcy’s loud- ness in repubitcan simplictty—so abhorrent of shoes and stockings—that {¢ is difficult to believe he does not know all abous it, BERCIn, Our Madrid Correspondence. ‘ Maprm, Jan. 23, 1856, The Late Ministerial Changes—Public Opinion Regarding the New Functionaries—-Scandatous Personal Scenes in the Cortes—Deplorable Condition of Public Affairs—Un- popularity of Espartero’s Government—Chanees of An. other Revolution — Commercial Depression Bxciting Scene ‘in Oongress between Orense and Gen. 0’ Donnell. The ministerial modification having been effected, it ‘appeared natural that the public should wait at least some days before judging of the worth of the new men who have replaced the fallen ministers; but they ara known to be of 0 little integral value that public opi nion came out strongly against them as s:0n as their names were published, and continues each day stronger and fleroer in {ts qualifications of them. This has pro- duced the urusl results, ‘The most xeandalous personal debates are heard in the Congress of Deputies, as if ridicu- lous personal affairs should be discussed in the assembly, and not the general interests of the nation. The daily press {6 peuriog out all sorts of sarcasins, {nvec'ives and: rebukes against the government; and so frghtfal is the rate of and contusion in which we at present are that it apy impostible that things could be worse. From all this results a state off affairs which must pro- duce Ce are peo ogee Sad, but very true, ix this picture of situation of Spain. There is no one contemt. No matter towhat party he may beloog, a'l murmur snd launeh forth invectives against Kxparter) and the ‘‘old fogies”” of the progresiats. party, damniog & government which a rs resolved to crush liberty. ‘Tax payers curse it, for they nee ita stupidity and its de- tire to renew old and obnoxious contributions, pat down by that revolution without which so many nulli- ies Asse Lud have ascended to power. o> gies 4 par industry dying, the arts are 5. eu Inintstortal change Introdates confusion aad uncertainty into the administration, for the employés know that they will be substituted by new favorites. Nearly ail io bead bn they rupture with IF auth ajetes an erens flooded with tons ing that its course may be cbanged and Spaia ran- sowed frem this m! . Party spirit is running Everybody works for his own accuunt, trying | possible to proverb—‘“Troubled Political hatreds are getting all kinds are afloat; ansrchy iy threatening the provinoes, and if to such © bad state ot you add the misfortanes caused the heavy rains and te: shipwrecks and inundations—entice Bile nf away by the rising of the rivers—{¢ you that necessaries are going up in price all over Spain—when you think that waat, like « huogry tiger threatens to devour us, that a numerous band of laborers takes lite time to opinion ot it at an early day. Our finsneial affairs are in » paralyzed thou, winat that up to the present mowent it han not been felt, continues the same, not having state, and al- some persons have believed thut the sale of eccle- property would afford it some relief, 1t is certain inas- month. Tne "nited States are not those who will least feel the shipwrecks which occurred on our coasts. There is hardly patience or resignation left for #0 much suffer! Last evening, in the Cortes, s sharp debate took place Detwoem Orense. one of the leaders of the democrate, and General O’Donnell, Minister of War. both dis- putants became very much excited. the General an apostate to every political opinion which he had ever sustained, and accused him in open Corres of having enriched himself by political intrigues. O’Dennell was not less on some portion of the per- sonal history of bis antagonist, and Orense came bact on him with » declaration that he had knowingly failed in the truth. There was agreat exci'ement smong the de- puties, and last evening it was confidently stated that a hostile meeting wasto come off between the two parties Up to the hour at which I write, aoliiny the king bas cecurred, and between ourselves, I am of opinion that the affair will end most amicably, JUAN Our Edinbarg Correspsndence. Epivsvra, Feb. 1, 1866. Scotch Gaiciy—Religious Toleration Amongst the Descend- ants of the Old Covenanters—Macaulay’s Resignation— Camvass for his Successor—Death of two British Mil- Uionatres—Lectures on America—Sword of Honor to Sir Colin Campbell—Commerce of Liverpool—More Potson- ings, dc., dc. According to promive, I proceed to give you sueh items of general news from this quarter of the wor!d as may in- terest your readers. Although dull and dreary in the extreme, this is em- phatically the gay season in the metropolis of Sootiaud; as with you, it is theera of assemblies, concerts, balla, ¢inner parties and the Opera, for strange as it may seem to those acquainted with the strict Presbyterian notions of our Cemure and religious descendants ot the old Cove- nanters, an Italian Opera has actually been established in their stronghold, and mede to flourish during two eonse- cutive seasons. This fact and the public admission of a “member of Kirk’? candidate tor the House of Commons that he would support a bill for educational reform in Scotland, even should it include the organization of Ro- man Catholic, or, as he calls vhem, “Popish schools,” may be regarded as a striking sign of the times—particu- larly, too, when the admission alluded to is received by some four thousand black-coated and white neck-tied elec- tors with cheers and voeilerous applause. An era of re- ligious toleration has actually commenced even here, and perfect freedom of opinion without estaolished doc:rines is openly advocated. At this particular moment, great interest is manifested in regard to an approaching election to supply the place of the great historian, Macaulay, who, you are doubt'ces aware, has resigned his proud pomtion as the representa tive of Edinburg in the imperial Parliament. The libe tals have brougnt forward » Mr. Adam Black, an hones and worthy, gentleman, whose career has always been identified with the city, in which ne has held the highest offices. He is s celebrated publisher, and is now mor seventy years of age. The opporing candidate is what they-cail a conservative—a Brown ‘Douglas—a writer to the Signet, ands most estimable and highly re- Bpected citizen. These Auitlenes heve both delivered public addresses betore their friends, in which they de- fined their position, and made #uch promises aa candi. Gates are always prepared to meke on the eve of an elec- tion. 1 bave atiended these meetiogs and been both edi- fied and amused in witnessing the modus operandi of these matters here. Such meetings present a sinking contrast to similar assemblages in America, for the canuille is re- ligiouely excluded; or rather, having no vole or apparent interest in the proceedings, they do not attend here. The roeetings are high)y respectab‘e in appearance, the audi- ence being invatiabiy weil dressed, and composed priaci- pally of venerable gray headed wen, beyond the middle age. So far, 20 god; but tke meetings are respectable in appearance only. The conduct of the assembly in cer- tainly more Gisreputable than that ot our most noisy gatherings. Imagine frem three to five thousand digni- fled, sedate and quiet lovking men in meeting convened, presided over by thelr chief magistrate or Lord Provost, supported by # long line of prominent citizens, engage} in yelling, hooting, cheering, hissing, stamping and making euch noises as sometimes proceed fcom the gallery of a winor theatre; refusing the iberty of speech to persons who asked 16+ pec fully to address them, and even calling in Acud voices 10 the privileged speakers, "You lie;”’ yet such scenes actually cccutred yesterday in the Muric Hail of the modern Abe: Verily our universal suffrage fel- low citizens of any party would cry shame. The death of two Britixh millionaires is just recorded. ‘The one, @ Mr. Ferguson, of Ayresbire, has left over twelve hundred thousand pounas sterling, one half to charitable institutions, and the balance to relatives ana ftierds, The other, a Mr. Thomas Cubitt, whose per- sonal estate alone exceeds @ miltion sterling. The will ofthe latter extends to 386 follo sheets, covering thirty «bing of parchinent, the stump duty upon which 1s fifteen thousand pounds sterling. or seventy-five thousand dol- lars. His widow is provided with the comfortab!e an- bene" ot forty thousand dollars, and a large sum in fee simp! Pro‘essor J. P. Nichel, of Glasgow, has been delivering ‘a reries of three lectures on the ‘Social Vondition and Politics of America,” betore an Edinburg audience, The time passed by this gentleman in the United States ap. pears to have been profitably employe’, for he gave, in an elegant and impressive manner, one of the most just ané sensible accounts of our manners and present condi- tion that I have ever had the pleasure of listening to. One of the lectures was advertised to be on ‘Ameri- can slavery,” and uently @ lerze audience was as- sembled. The lecturer, however, stated that the notice was given in error py the managers of the institute, and. wisely declined to speak on the subject. The citizens of Glasgow have collected the sum of two hundred and fifty gues to procure a sword ot honor for their gallant felow townsman Gen. Sir Colin Cam ‘The aword ix to be made of fine Scottish steel, and the presentati n will probably take place in Glasgow. ‘A statement is just publishei showing the extent of commerce of the port of Liverpool. The number of ves- sels arriving and ceparting thence during the year just closed, was 40,£66; isst year the number was 37,143, Much excitement througout Angiaad ani Scotland in regard to frequently repeated poisonings, which are daily brought toilght. Tn cohnection prin i subject, I fre Seager @ most case of scci- denial poixentog, which recently oceurred ia the high- sae ese ll, Invern A Mr. Maclver hed a party of friewas ‘dining with him; the cyok required seradish as an scoom| it to the roast and went wad to the m to ted, and served with the % those who hed partaken of it were iv iil, Fourof them died in a few houre, and others, wih Mr, Maclver, mar- towly evoaped. The authorities have investigated th> affair, and found that the root used was monk+hood or wolfebane, which was planted near the horsaradish, and been mistaken by the servants for that plant. Mueb sympathy is deservedly manifested for the uufortunsts Host, whowe hovpitality hae thus been #0 fatal to. his triends. Our Antwerp Correspondence. Axtwerr, Dec. 29, 1855. Description of Antwerp—I's Citadel and Firtifications—Its Projected Docks—The New Transatlantic Line of Seamers — Descriptions of the Vessels—Christening of the Belgique by the Cardinal Archbishop ¢f Malines, dc. The city of Antwerp is situated on the right bank of the rivét Scheldt, at about fifty-five miles from its mouth, where it empties into the North Sea. The river has seve- ral entrances, passes and outlets, the principal of whic is that where Flashing is nituated. Opposi'e this town is ‘the general anchorage for @ll vessels destined to Antwerp, where they generally wait for a favorable wind or steam towboats to take them up, The country on both sides of the river, as tur up as the city, in flat—s perfect and un, interrupted continuation of low lands and marshes—vory unhealthy, producing those local fevers which often prove fatal to strangers. Near Baltz, » small village on the right bank, is the boundary separating Holland trom Bel- gium. This point is about twenty-four miles from the city; the line crosses the river in the direction of Ghent, near which, by a sudden turn, it strikes the sea a little to the north of the mall village of Blankenberg, ia West Flanders. The Scheldt, from its mouta up to the city, ‘and above, fs deep, and navigabl all seasons for largest vessels and ships of war. ‘The chesnel, however, in crooked, and in many places very narrow asd obstruct- ed with shoals, which at low water are often dange: 0 versels coming “ or going down the river. from eight to twelve feet; the spring often rise trom twelve to eighteen feet. Antwerp, the exception of a few squares, comoared to other cities of the same size, is very compactly bull with @ great number of crooked narrow streets dark lanes, badly paved and most of them devoid of sidewalks; the houres, generally speaking—tor but few modern improre- ments have as yet deen made—aro of » peculiar and cu- riod¥ old style, with email, low, narrow windows, from three to seven stories, the fronts in the old Fiemish fan- tastical architecture, forming « point and uniting at the top. In these old, dilapidated and dirty houses, wanting sir and space, live together, to excess, the work- tg, be Li, the poor and the moat boggariy class of the population. a bes of the city ate om the river forms 6 fine and spacious ‘quai’ or wharf, extending trom the north- ern point beyond the docks te the soutien, and where is rituated the Citadel, which commands the city, and in hich old Baron Chaseé made auch a glorious detence ogeinst the French in 1832, From thia potnt (the Cita cel) in the old fortifications, with theur walls and dou- ble ditches, and extending back of the town to the north- the river, as expressed atove. The city by means of seven or eight old mes- rive gates, with thetr ‘pont levis” or “drawbridges. The “ity is divided | into.” tive sections, four for nd one—the fitth—for the outaide. to there fortifications and to the 'y is defended by what is called the ‘‘deteched beyond the fifth section, and at certain distr Bees each other. From the river, thecity i# covered by the forte called “Lillo,” the “North,” and SERS oS by earthen works and ths bastion polls “Veto de Fiandres,”” © small village in Eset i HS th ef] H and of aboat ee es, itis altogether » besutiful Ey i k i 3 ES Rome, Jan. %, 1856. ‘The Effect of the Peace News in Rome—The Holy Puther Jue bilant on the Sutject—Russia’s Interest in Concluding Hostilities for the Present—Mr. Fillmore’s Movements 0 Naly—Interesting Reliyious Ceremony—‘the Blessing off Animals” ——The Carnival—Assassinatims— Politica Parties in Naly—Prospect of a New Concordat Beweer the Kyung of Sardinia and the Pape. When a few days ago the Giornale di Roma brought = telegraphic despatch from Paris stating that Russia had accepted the Aus:rian ul/imatum without alteraiion, there were mapy men who placed entire confidensa ta the re- port, and among them were the entire corps diplomatique. Peace is so generally desired ell over Europe, and espe- efally by every government ofltaly, all of whics are more or lees, 1f not in a state of revolution, at least in » eond!- tion which threatens revoletion at every step, that noth- ing but the complete pacification of Bnrope oan impart to ‘bem some sense of security. The Holy father, #0 ree cently triumphant in his Concordat with Austria, and gvarded ax he is by Frensh troops, has nothing more at heart than the re-establishment of friendly relaiions be- tween the Catholic Powers and the head of the Greek Church, which has of lite shown itself so conéllatory to ‘the Catholic clergy ot Poland. The Austrian and French Ministers here are on the best terms and coinside in their Views of peace entire y with the government of the Holy See, while neither # British nor 4 Sardinian ambassador is here to disturb this diplomatic harmony. ‘The news of pease, however, must be taken witha graim of ralt, though, as 1 have exprersed in sll my previoas lettert, Austria is realty preparing, in case of refusal by. Russia, to place ths matter before the German Diet of Frankfort, in order to bring the power of public opiniom in Germeny to bear on Prussia, while the latter power, ‘aware thac rhe bas sacrificed naiional politics to family relations with the Czar, is usiog all her influence at St, Petersburg to prevent #2 gisting & manifestation of op- position to her views in Germany itself. The steps whielz Austria threatens to take in Frankfort, and which the bas already publicly annoureed, have undoubtedy had their due weight in Russia, and go still turther to destroy the oid pentarchy by which Europe was govarned pre- vious to the commencement ef the present war. Austria bas been gradually preparing for ita antagonism to Prus- tis, and it is for thix rearon prmncipally that she, a# the great Catholic Power of Germany, has con- eluded the concordat with the Pope. That concordat fecures to Austria the s/dhesion of the Cathilie provinces of the Rhine and ot Westpbalia, both which ave sufficiently alienated from the old Brandenburg party of Prussia, to make their goverament by that power aneary tack. Austria was determined to carry the war into Africa—that is, to turm onse m:re pro. pegandist, ins religicus and political sense, in Ge:meny proper. She had nothing to hope from the Protestany party who (with the exception of the King of Wurtem- berg), look upon the Kirg of Prussia as their leader, and ube was therefore resolved to make herself strong with those provinces which formerly acknowledged her supre- macy and that cf her religion. Austria in her foreign policy is now fully baeked by Bavaria and Saxony, and im ease of actual collision she could eount on the sympe- thy, perhape the co-operation, of the Catholic party throughout Germany. The éifficulty of the present position seoms te be fully appreciated by Mr. Von Manteuffel in Berlin, and he it 18, undoub‘etly, who haa used every effort of late to induse the Cabinet of St. Petersburg to accept such verms of peace as should be deemed honorable to the Osar and aczeptable to the allies, Any terms of that nature must, of course, express or imply on the part of Russia o rennnciation of her aggrewive policy im regard to Tarkey; and here exactly Ves the diffigulty with the Czar. A renugnsistion of that policy towards Larkey, expressed or implied, . {o against the bistorical traditions and hereditary policy of Russia, and may serve to weaken the Czar, in a reli- ‘gious as well a6 political sense, with his own subj-c's. It would certainly be a severe blow tothe old Muscovite party, ard mey lead, if not to revolution, at least to = change in the pérson of the autocrat. The war, which at its commencement was chiefly one of material iate- rest, has by degrees become a matter of dowes‘ic neces= sity to the ruling Powers ot France, England and Russia, and this situation of thicgs, more then the actual oon- ditions contained in the so-called Austrian uliimatum, prerents the principal obstacie to the conclusion of substantial and lasting peace. Russia may yield to the coalition now forming against her; but between receiving certain corditions as the basis of negotiations and aeta- ally signing or agreeing to preliminaries, there is stilD & very great difference. On the other hand, Russia, by concluding peace row, will be sooner able to repair her losses may occu: ance between the alli- ‘estern Powers. She woald atill have tine in her favor, woich must develope and ine-ou:e her power, while the Oriental problem would atiil ramaia un- solved, and Turkey rot only ‘very sick,’’ but im the actual progress of spontaneous decomposition. if Kus. sia ccneluces a peace now, she wi!l, wo doubt, do eo wits ‘s mental reservation that she will o, ive terme only as long as circumstances wil compel her to do s0— in other words, as long as the eoalttion exiate which pre- vents her from seizing upon Turkey. If peace ia now made, it will be the wish of the Em- eee eee pA who concei months ago, of pre: condi through ‘he weiten of peers my as stocd there was reason to #0) duced me to speak with so much confidence of peace in my letters to the Hmratp, since felt @ littie lees confidence in tne issue One thing I will now venture to predict, and million of readers will stick @ pin into it—that if tee war fuppostt hs Cin our Bl yusters ‘av hone, doubt as to the union of Poland would be the reunion Germany would centre of gra’ Western aggression than « revival of view of such z pI Maite, confine hee wer to fixea come te terms yet; but no which dee not Phe | the Centra‘ as well ae the bs tal one. bc ad peace WaT pane e war on, @ ve whieh Nee goveencl Eat hes Teeched ten terminus, and with It the public law of Rurope, which waa the wilt of those Powers. ‘The peace will lead tos new construction of the public lew of Europe, anc it will be well for the United to watch the progress of events in that di- rection. [ean herdly bope that these hints will be much appreciated in the United States at this period, but the time may come when I shail at leaat receive some “Tt Rehan ee oa eect lon, a’ter bavig been for nearly four weeks nf American in Rome, and the ¢a: 3 2 fi Hi