The New York Herald Newspaper, February 17, 1856, Page 3

NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, Know Nething Jubilee in Wi Mass. ‘BPEROHES BY GOV. GARDRER, HON. A. DEWITT, M.C., HON. E. C, BAKER, A. 0, BREWSTBK. BiQ., AND OFHES* rom the Boston Journal, Feb. 14) bane Americans of W city and count; yin the City fall ig 4 @vehing, for re ER pr over achived fall in Massachusetts, and of prevent in rey ae resent ioe Sears pros- I. was up in a vei 5 and was carried by with pesos success, Among the invited guests present were the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, the Presi- dent of the Senate, Hon. Alexander DeWitt, mem- ber of Congress from the Ninth district, and other [ sreaenay prominence in the American ranks. five mya six ge _ re the sup- hich was furnished 3 aad aid credit to him as a caterer for public pri flies, Acrogs the end of the hall, in rear of the platform, was an inscription, as follows :— PONDER HELE ALD THE UNION. Our country {s eafe when io the bands of our countrymen—Native Americans. Te Our aim is the elevation of man. RONDAEDO ONIN ODONDO OE The Americans of Worcester assembled at their ‘headquarters, Ametions: Lal at 64 on and, accom) e Corne! ro per gr rel Ml the marshalship of Jobe B. Dexter, Jr., to the Providence depot, where they awaited the arrival of the delegations from the ‘southern part of the county. On the arrival of these ns, some three hundred strong, Shoe ware Sertiom American Hall and thence to th the company was seated at about 8} o'clock “Hig Excellency the Governor, and other invited guests” were announced, and they entered the Hall amid it a] . The Divine bleasing was asked by Rev. Mr. Adams of Worcester, and 8 half hour was spent in discussing the feast of thi Mz. Dexrse then i laced Hon. rge W. Richardson as the President of the evening. Mr. Richardson on taking the chair, said he had but one precept to serve to-night, and that was to hold all a bail in the bonds of Americanism. He all a:cordial and hearty welcome to this first mouweelth,and'“I do it (he sid) from the Opring mm ant e said) from 7 field Platform.” (Great gpplanse,) He abuded happily to the presence of his Excellency, and said of us have visited this hall under different scenes. He saw a treé planted here, and what the fruits of it would be he did not know; but when he saw those who planted it undertake to cultivate it without 2 ener, he knew it would fail. He con- cluded with the sentimeat:— Our welcome to our friends—It is as warm, a8 hearty end as true, as the pulsstions of the ‘Heart of the Commonwealth” for Americanism and freedom.’ Messrs. J. Waldo Denny and Z.K. Pangborn ‘were then announced as the toastmastera of the grening, and the first regular toast was given as fol- WS: — The Union—The real estate of “Uncle Sam;’ may it never be encumbered, mortgaged or parcellid out. *Un- cle Sam’? will bold it safely, ro loogas “Young Sam’” is everseer and manager of the property. A letter from Joel T. Headley, Secretary-of State of New York, was read in response. The second sentiment was:— Maseachusette—-Wecan polniproadly: to her posi‘ion, and say of her, in the language of h+r greates: statesman, we “4 enter into ne enecmium upon Massachusetts—sho da nope—there she stands! beholo her es ehe is!’ Gov. GaRDNER ‘was introduced to respond, and ‘was greeted with .enthusiastic cheers. He retarned his heartfelt thanks for the cordial reception, and said that the American victory in Massachusetts last fall declared in the words of the centiment—‘‘there she stands; behold her as she is!” She reaffirmed under the most disheartenmg circumstances the de- claration of the previous year, and she intends by her vote in the coming election to sustain American principles. For one, he knew of no spot in Massa- Shusetha where he would prefer assembling to rejoice over this victory than in this hall. He was accus- tomed to talk plainly, and he was not aware that he had any sentiments which he would wish to con- ceal anywhere. He had arrived at too far an ad- “vanced peried in life to forgo this habit of talking plainly, and therefere he alluded to this hall. He ‘Tejoiced over the results of the election because it taught those men who appeared as leaders in that movement organized here, that they could not dis- card American principles under the plea of subserv- ing the causerol trea lom. He rejoiced because of their failure in the attempt to strike down a man who they:knew had not spoken the first word, done the first ‘act, or thought the first thought in violence to the sentiment of freedom; but had given evidence in June, and at other times, that he was pre- peed to make any sacrifices to promote that cause, it, he eaid, we have met to congratalate each over an A victory. We come not not as democrats, or whigs, or republi- eans, but as Americans; joleed cans; to meet such a collection of the enlight- tened and intelligent Americans of Worcester and its vicinity. He could not thank them as he ought for the expression of confidence which they had once and sae manifested in him, and he could in return only pledge that in the future, as in the past, he would endeavor to uphold the honor and inte of the Commonwealth, which all have so much at heart He pisepnony a ae was eae the sentiment of Massachusetts in all aspects and on every ques tion. He had thonght, as he sat bere and looked at the genial expression of countenance of the honored representative to Con; (Col. De Witt), and of the scenes through which he had passed at Washing- ton, of the ensui ng Presidential campaign. What principle, he asked, has the democratic party in all ‘parts, which is peculiar to itself at the present time, on which it can go into that Remipaleat Can any one tell? [A voice—Slavery.] Well, I grant that is one principle on which, to a great extent, it is united. He had recently eeen the platformsof the democrats of several different States—Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Indiana and one other State—and as he contrasted them he believed they could hardly fuse and run together in one common mould. Then of the whig party; what is there peculiar to it? It remind- ed hiss of the story of the black fellow who was out upon the river in his boat, and was upset. He climbed on the top of his boat and ourled up his legs to keep clear of the sharks, and at length betook bim- self to prayer. He prayed, “ Oh Lord, if there be @ Lord, aave my soul, if I have got a soul.” So he said, if there be S wile party, anait it has got any \principlg, what is it? Then there is the republican arty. single principle has it got peculiar to Heelt, which %& co-extensive with the Union, and ‘agreed upon. The party itsel! is co-extensive with only one-half of the Union, and its principles can- not extend beyong the party. There is no party but the American jprty which has a eionene for is basis w ts cordially embraced and believed in in all sections, north and south, east and weat. His Excellency alluded to the necessity of the existence of @ universi’y of political opinions under a demo- cratie form of government, and asked, is it not strange that all parties that have heretofore existed have been engrossed with questions of material wealth, and have not struck down to the vital prin- ciple of the universal equality of individual man, and the substitution of American ideas against the dogmas which came to us from the old world? Par- ties have been divided upon these material questions antil this evil has been eating up the vitals of our nation. Foreigners have come here and demanded of us that we shall exolude the Bible from our schools; that.we shali give them a portion of the school fund to maintain separate achools in which they can teach their own c anish notions; that we shell clect them to offices, from that of foreign mi- nisters and cabinet officers down to constables and watchmen. And that is not all; they have secured the -enforcement of this demand by their undivided vote. This is the truth. Until now they have found whole rties consenting to carry it out. {s it not time to by aside questions of mere external interest, and strike for those vital issues which underlie our he srth- «stones, our schools, and our religion? That it was which had caused the rise of the cere baa Its sudden growth shows that princip'es lie deep in “the hearts of the people. Bnt he was speaking of the republican party. Again, he asked, what is its creed? It says, it will prohibit the extension of slavery into the national territory,and the admis- sion of States establishing slavery into the Union. ‘That is the doctrine of the American ye of Mas- sachusetts, and is embodied in the Sp agela lat. form. That's your doctrine. (A voice—Yes.) That is all their pelle, Beside it, ours contains those deep fundamental principles which are the basis of the American party. fn not they accept our erat They accepted half of it and discarded the other half. They have refused to accept the American Principle, while we embody all of theira and add ours to Will the people of Massachu- setts surrender ours? Never! Look at. the result of the last election. He had ‘een told by scores who voted for Rockwell that they acted under a misapprehension. Some didn’t believe our doctrines, and some Lag no to carry them out, and before they had fairly taken the seats to which the people elected them, repudiated these solemn pledges and did what they could te crush out those principles. He feared they were trading in mock philanthroy— that their only object was to get office To show that he was not too eevere on the republicans, he quoted an extract from a recent article in the Adlas,which paper he denominated as the leading oracle of the falda ane fn Massachusetts. He had but one or two more to say. We are eels we are the vic- tors by over 17,000 majority ; we have principles of it Importance to defend; we have a two fol plat form, embracing freedom and Americanism. We muy be called on, he said, to unite with others, He would aay to thore who had repented, come back, but to thore treacherous leaders he would say, take the back seat in the rear part of the car, and don’t come near ovr stove to warm you until you have brought forth works meet for repentance. (Great applause.) Jn concluding, be again thanked the Americans of Worcester for their | } and told ee ns arn ie they would equa ae and the of the State. Now you it, if you don’t the county next time, you are not the I you to be, Remember the next time is'to decide the desti- nies of the nation as well as the State. Be united; and give up everything before you give up principle. (Great app! mee) Asthe Governor sat down, three hearty cheers were given for him. ‘The next sentiment was— The Saeiican Party of Messachusetts—Fear! foes—iaithful to its friends; firm ia its attachment to priveiple; the people have set the ceal of their approba- ton upon its acts, It will faithfully redeem the pledges it hew made. Hon. E. C. Baxer, President of the Senate, was introduced, and returned his thanks for the honor of responding to the sentiment. No sentiment would better meet his feelings thanthis. He loved to think of the fearlessness ot the American partyin this room. He had some recollections of this room—some not very ore others that are cxenely, } ran rom the He asked if any p: which could go ou! dark night which down here on Sept. 20, and create such s consternation, is not e to the appellation of “fearless.” But one star could guide American party, and that star is principle. It went into that contest, and it is victorious and jubi- lant, and not bere only, but all over the country there isthe same Seta of jubilance as is fouad here over the result of that fearless effort of the American party. Bat itis not yet done with fear- lessness. It has tried it once and it knows what it is ‘ood for, and we will use it in to come. Baker then took for his text words, “Our aim is the elevation of man,” and spoke at some Jonah, cletming shat the aim of the American party is to carry out mission of this republican govern- ment, which is to prove that the highest ci tion is compatible with security of government and the rights of every man, woman and child. This new acne is now being solved. The best way to aid the solution of this problem, he argued, is to se- cure the prevalence of those principles which lie at the foundation of the American MB by sustainin; a free religion and free schools. 4 the ‘object of this party. Ita ciples are not sectional, but they are spread over the land, and commend themselves to the heart and judgment of every think- ing man. Mr. Baker spoke at some h, ‘daiming that the American party had redeemed ita pled » and in that redemption is the guaranty that it wilkre: deem them in the fature, and the fact that the peo- ple have sustained it in the past isa guaranty that while it is true to itself and its principles the people will sustain it in the future. In his judgment e prospects of the were never so favorable as now. It has but to keep on its course and be ready for all that may assail it. It must expect a fight with the present imbeci'e national administra- tion; it could not much aid from the party whose vitality is buried in the graves of its it leaders, and ‘t would not if it could ask anything from that party which had proved false and treach- erous to all its principles. e star which led to victory last year is still before us, and while we fol- low steadily and determinedly where it leads, we shall kuow no such word as fail. The next sentiment was— ‘The Mas+schusetts Delegation in Co: Their firm sdberencp to puincrplo, their falthicl Sprocontetcnr at their c nstituents, ahd their unwavering support of the right, entitle them to the wost cordia: thanks of the peo- ple of the old Bay Stare And wealso congratulate them upon the fir with which they have stood together, p-Teistirg, © triumphant result, in their support ot Mr. Banks, election to preside over the Congceas of the ration defeat of the acministration and 4 vic- tory for Americanism and freedom. Hon. ALexanpez DeWine, representative to Con- gress from the Worcester was introduced to respond, and was cordially received. He spoke of the pleasure he felt in ee and of the re- lief he felt at being awa: the excitement at Washington. He wanted to ask this audience if the result of that contest—the election of N. P. Banks, & Massachusetts mechanic, anda merhber of our Order—is satisfactory? (Cheers, and Voice—Yes.” Three cheers were given for N. P. Banks.) I come here, Mr. DeWitt said, asa member of the American party, to compare notes, and to see if my views cor- respond with yours on the great ions of the day. He believed the object of government to be to ct the liberty and property of the people, and when it fails to do this it fails ‘in the purposes for whick it was instituted. Such a government is ours, if fairly administered. After some further re- marks in this strain, which we are obliged to omit for want of room, Mr. DeWitt proceeded to define his position, and he said if it was not in‘accordance with the views of his constituents he wanted but to know it, and be wonld take s bee line for home. First, if such a thing should come up—and it will— he should vote for an alteration of the naturalization laws. (Cheers) It is known that I have been an opposer of the extension of slavery. T wish to state here that I am a State righta I will interfere with the existing institut no State bat my “opps I can to oppose the e: xtension ery in the territory of the nation, while it is the demain of the nation. , The speaker alluded briefly to the recent contest in Washington, and said he should go back stron, in the conviction. that _ his acts bad been approve by his-constituents. This was all he asked. The nex$ sentiment was— Worcester ard the Blackstone Valley—Allied to esch other by the Lsbern he cords of business interests—not less united by political attachments—may a generous emulaticn ic eupportiog American princip!es ever charac- terive them. Mr. J.C. Scorr, of Blackstone, was introduced to respond, and said :—As for the Blackstone Valley, we are allright. We have through the fire, and all you see here to-night is the pure gold. We are. preparing to meet the elections before us, and we will show in the next election that Worces- ter county south is all right. He closed with a tertiment, the nub of which was, “Gardner never surrenders,” Sixth regular toast :— The Granite State—All bonor to her American boys, ip movesble as the gravite hills in their attachment to American pricetples; what they heve onse done so well, ill shortly do agein— only @ little more so” — it with confident anticipation for the next edition ‘8 Reports. Col. A. O. BRRWsTER was introduced to respond, and tale’ in some reflections on the convention onthe 20th of September, when Gov. Gardner was thrown overboard. He then eulogised New Hamp- shire and Daniel Webster, who, he said, if he could rice from his grave, would say, “ Ameri¢ans, I am with you and for you.” He predicted that victory ‘was sure to perch on the banner of the American party in the New Hampshire election in March. She will stand eide by side with Massachusetts. He then asked where are we and what are we to do about it? The last victory he considered more bril- liant than the former. predicted that higher hovors yet awaited the Governor, and yet no contin- gency o9n arise into which he can go and come out more gloricus. Where are we? he asked. We stand ona f latform with two planks, and they are united together by the bond of union. Americanism and freedom united together, and woe to that man who has the boldness to disavow the one or disown the other. We are to stand upon this platform, for it is broad, strong and comprehensive enough to receive any. man who will place himself upon it. he next sentiment was:— Kitchburg—Famous for ire enterprise, its growth, its handecme girls, and especially for being the banner town of Americenism in Worce: ter county. Wka'ever division there msy be on locs! questions, there will be no division es Hd the American toys when they are needed for the tle, Wu. B. Woon, Esq., of Fitchburg, responded, and spoke hos sa upon the doctrine ‘of be Ametiogn paty, which, he said, is that “Americans shall rale America.” Eighth regular sentiment: — Our Native American Mechanica—They have created the only order of nobility in the land, that ot honest Jaoor, ey will see to it that no patents of nobility are istued to alien intruders, and that workingmen, ia this country, are never made elaves. Lieut. Goy. Benoa Ley was introduced to respond, and was most cordially received. He thanked the audience for his reception, and the people of Wor- cester for their repeated manifestations of confi- dence. He expressed a warm Nie ge! for his brother mechanics, and eulogised t} intelligence. He dilated at some length upon the principles of the Ameiican party, and said he believed the sentiment was gaining ground day by day. He closed by ex: prereing his gratification at meeting so many of the Americans of Worcester, and hopin; that this feetival would strengthen the bonds of union and harmony. Ninth regular sentiment— The Free stsie Men im Kansas—We ar, them our hearts and our hands, and bid them ‘God speed.” for we teiieve that native ‘orn citizens shou'd control the jovernment—actual rettlers sbould fiz the inetitutions for the Territories; and that all interlopers and invadora from foreigo localilies should be served with & summary process of ¢jectment, Rev J. H. Trurze, of Framingham, responded, and gave as a sentiment— K.N.—K,. for Kansas—N, for nativism; put which of them you pleace firat—we go for both. The next sentiment was— To the Memory of the Politioally Great Defunct—Most preminent of whom, we mention—— Franklin Pierce, Response by the band— Death March.” Many other eentiments were given, and noble and happy responses were made, but we have no room to recoid them. Among the speakers were Micah Dyer, of Boston; Rev. John ince, of Essex; Wilder 8 Thurston, of Lancaster; Frederick Parker, of Tem- pleton; Alderman Wall, and J. W. Denny, of Wor- cester, and several others. The festivities were kept, up until nearly two o'clock, when the out-of-tgryn delegates took the cars for home. The festival passed off very satisfactorily aye, lea- aantly to all those present, a Notes on the Progress of Setence. BYPCOT OF THR A! UPON MARBLE. Profeas,’ Henry, of Wi has been inves- tigating—unor the direction of the government— the causes whith produce discoloration in marble. ‘This is found to be pwing to the previous absorp- tion by the marble of water, bolding in solution or- ganic matter, together with the abeorption of water from the mortar fu which the stones were placed. To illustrate the process, Professor H. supposed s fine capillary tabe with its lower end immersed in water, whore internal diameter was sufficiently emall} to allow the Hquid to rise to the top to be ex- pored to the atmosphere. Evaporation would take place at the upper carface of the colamp, and new portions of water would be drawn up to supply the logs; and if thie process were continued, any material which might be contained im the water would be found deposited at the‘top of the tube, the point of evaporation. It, however, the lower portion of the tube were not furnished with a supply of water, the evaporation at the top would not teke place, and the deposition of foreign matter would not be exhibited, even though the tube itself were filled with water impregnated with impurities, CAUSE OF BOILER EXPLOSIONS. Mr. Fairbairn was some time since appointed by the British Association of Solence to make exper!- ments in respect to ascertaining the cattee of boiler explosions. He therefore had a boiler made so as to determine not only the proportionate strength of boilers, but also in relation to their management. The boiler was 17. feet in diameter, with two internal tubes, 3 feet in diameter. It stood a pressure of 80 Ibs. on the square inch, but at 100 one of the tubes collapsed. The object was to discover a means of proportioning the strength of all the parts, because, as Professor Fairbairn believes, the majority of ex- Plosions arise from an exceas of steam. THE NEW RIFLE. ‘The peculiarities of a new rifle are, that it has @ moderated groove, is a foot shorter than the Uni- ted States rifle, and can readily be fired ten times per minute, and from this to sixteen times by an expert hand. It is loaded at the breech, which receives the the cartridge by an operation not unlike the opening of a pair of scissors, and with nearlythe came fa- cility. The small pocket pistols are calculated to throw a Minnie ball one hundred yards; a cavalry pistol, with a range of five hundred yards; a rifle, suitable for infantry, with a range of one mile; and @ large gun will throw a two ounce ball, or a amall shell, one mile and ahalf. It is Claimed for this new weapon that it will set on fire a house or a ship ata distance of nearly two miles. A good marks- man has hit a target a foot square, at a distance of a third of a mile, 97 times out of 100 shots, with with this rifle; and it is aid that it will throw a ball with sufficient force to perforate an inch board at the distance of a mile. . IMPROVED RAILWAY AXLES. An Irish mechanic has: taken out a British office, for some improvements in axles and axle boxes of engines and carriages in use on rail- ways, which consist, first, in fitting the cylindrical yoas of axles with one collar only, instead of two, in order to reduce the friction; second, in construct- ing axle boxes co that the main portion of the same, and the atep or bearing for the axle journal, can be removed without lifting the carriage off the wheols. For this purpose the lower part of the axle box is made to open at the top, m order to recelve the step or bearing, and that portion of the box which forms the upper grease chamber or hopper. MANIPULATION UF STEFL AND IRON. The difference between common iron and eteel is in the carbon of the latter; but if iron be heated to awhite heat and plunged into cold water, it be- comes very hard. dMeokantes take advantage of this in making axles and collars for wheel work, for it is easily filed and turned in a soft state, and afterwards hardened. Moulders who make wheels are often embarraesed by this property in iron; for as the metal is poured in the mould of moist sand the evaporation of the water carries off the heat and cools the iron so quickly as to make it extremely hard. This is common in such portions of the metal a8 have to run the greatest distance from the aper- ture of reception. The only remedy for this: is to have the eand as dry as possible and numerous apertures. NEW earRoD a by gna Some one in ng popes fistead of pai propeliers, stmenpie air performs the buginess of propelling. hi large tbee oreir pumps, making four seta, with two each cet, are plated within the boat and worked by the engine, each one of the two alternately with the one. Pipes or trunks leading from each bel lows or pump nite each set, and are carried to the bottom of the boat for a discharge of the air from the bellows, as follows:— Air is drawn into the bel- lows from above the boat, through pipes, by the ac- tion of the engine, and forced out h the bot- tom of the boat, backward, against the water—an open channel or curb being provided beneath the boat to Bride the passage of the air upon each side, along the keels, to the atern of the boat. PROGRESS AND BXTENT OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ART. ‘The city of Paris alone’ contains 110 establish- ments exclusively occupied in the manufactare of materials used by (pet pe ef and some of them employ one hundred and thirty workmen. are seven hundred photographista in Paris, some ot whom execute eighty, ninety or one hundred traite a day, the average being five portraits a day by each photographist, costing fifteen cents each, and soldat an average of $6. The stereoscope ia also a branch of photography, in which one flim has invested $120,000. IRON RIGGING FOR SHIPS, Two lines of ships, of about eight hundred tons each, are ropning between Glasgow and Montreal. They are built of iron, and all their shrouds, stays, backstaye—in fact, all their standing regi gis made of wire oe es with hemp centres, like used on some inclined planes of railroads. his riggingis lighter than hemp of equal strength, holdsless wind, and is not subject to stretch alter being once set. Each ehroud or stay terminates in a screw, by which it can be strained to Ce desiredextent. An improve- ment in the hanging of the yards is also ado) ted, by which the yards are made to turn in their y and roll up.the eails upon them, from the deck, NEW BURVEYING INSTRUMENT. An apparatus for delineating sections of su: for railroads, canals, &c., and for computing the solid contents of enttings and fillings, hus been in- vented. It consists of a be ga three feet high, ported on @ carriage having three wheels. From tent at the BU) this etandard is suspended a pendulum, the rod of which extends beyond the suspension point, and there actuates a series of levers as it vibrates. When it is desired to delineate a section of a railroad sur- vey, it is drawn on the ind, in the proper line, and, of courre, the undulations give a py rtionate amount of vibration to the pendulum, which again actuates the series of peculiar y combined levers mentioned. PLATING METALS. The London Mechanics’ Magazine contains a des- cription of the process recently patented in that city, for coating lead, iron or other metals with tin, nickel or alumina. The first part of the proccss consists in a mode of mae 8 solution of the metal with which the artici ——- be coated or Haas for which purpose the in tafrmea? as ‘ollows:—For tin, they dissolve metallic tin by nitro- muriatic acid, and then precipitate the tin by an 4l- kali, or alkaline salt, pret thy by the ferro-cyani of potassinm; eg age mix sulphurio acid or mu- riatic acid with the precipita’ oxide of tin, to which is added a Po lon of water; these are boiled in an iron vessel with a small portion of ferro-cyan- ide of potassium; the liquor is then filtered, and the solution is completed. PROF. SILLIMAN ON THE INTERNAL HRAT OF THE EARTH, Prof. Silliman takes a decided position in favor of the theory that the centre of the earth is a fused macs of mineral matter. His chief argument is the phenomenon of volcanoes, which he earth’s vote and escape fipes, There are Hundreds of them always in operation—hundreds aré dormant; they are found all over the earth and the gea’s sur- face, and they come from the bowels of the earth. The fiery cea in the centre of the earth—says the Professor—boils over the tops of ita neys, and when these chimneys become chol forces new vents, breaking out even under the sea. THE IRON DISCOVERY IN LIBERIA. Dr. Hayes the assayer to the State of Massachu- setta, bas examined specimens of the iron recentl discovered in Liberia, and subjected them to scienti- fie melee, be the bee result:—iits chemical composition is pure iron, 98.40; quartz Gains, mag- netic oxide tro crystals, and zcolite, 60. There are no other metals present—a fact which prevents the placing of this iron in the class of meteorolites, and the absence of carbon in any form completely removes all doubt in regard to ite being possibly of artificial formation. AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARRIAGES. An invention for making the connection of the pole or the shafts of a carriage with the axle more safe has been exhibited in Cincinnati. A amall block of vulcanized India rubber is inserted in the space, which, in what is called the clip or shackles of the shaft, intervenes between the “e 3 tire and the round head of the shaft, throug! which the connecting bail is passed. The block of India rubber holds the ballin ita place with a firm but clastic pressure, and entirely prevents it both from ag m, “tion. | The spptcstion i eoutnnce cameo PMY ot Perfect silence, and by pd sseget ret Ato meeting of Chevalier Clauseon read a partea, and other plants, w! Paper pulp. The straws manufactured into paper pulp, unless are ripe, as the jointe or kuots of th hardened by ripening, as to resist bleaching agents. Many grasees contain from 30 not trong, but easly bleached; canes contain about an hevalier turned his atten- E = i jing many kinds, the tion to the papyrus, which he found to contain about 40 per cent. of strong fibre, excellent for paper and very easily bleached. He also found that the com- mon rushes contain 40 per cent. of fibre, which is a Tfect substitute for rags, one ton of them eontain- ing more fibre than two tons of flax straw. COMPRESSIBLE LIFE BOAT. The new life boat of Mr. Berdan, of this city, is a compressible boat, made of a strong frame of wood, thoroughly braced, covered with very heavy three Ply canvass, coated with India rubber inside and out; a e air compartment, in the form of a cylinder, outsidethe boat, passing from stem to atern, be tween the water's edge and the gunwale bars, on both sides, 60 as to prevent a capsize. The gunwale bars and ribs are hinged to the keel, ao that when the boat is not required for use the ribs can be thrown parallel with the keel and thus allows the gunwale bars or guards to tall down on both sides close to the keel, thus greatly compressing the boat Theaties and Hxhtbitions. Broapway Tugatre.— Herne, the Hunter,” adapted and arranged expresaly for this theatre, by Mr. N. B. Clarke, from Ainsworth’s great romance of “Windsor Castle,” will be produced for the frst time to-morrow evening. The r assures his patrons that this drama will be upon the stage upon the same acale of grandeur that has hith- erto characterized the beauti sceni> representa- tions at this house. The scenery, machinery, cos- tomes, appointments, &c., are new, and to give great effect to the play Messrs. Nixon and Myers’ troupe of equestrians and twenty-four beautiful horses have been engaged. The cast embraces the names of the leading performers in Mr. Marshall’s company, Nisto's Garpen.—Mr. Lehmann’s romantic fairy Pantomimic spectacle, entitled “The Elf King,” which has been a long time in preparation, and un- derwent a final rehearsal last night, will be perform- ed for the first time to-morrow evening. The scene- ry, costumes, music, dances, éc., have been prepared and arranged expressly for this play, which abounds in curious and extraordinary transformations, tricks and effects. The cast, which is unusually fine, con- tains the names of the Ravels, the Marzcttis, the Lehmanns the Chiarinis, Mr. Jones, &e. The enter- tainments close with the comic pantomime of “The Four Lovers;” leading characters by the Ravels. Bowsry TuEaTRe—Notwithstanding the im- menee success of “Herne, the Hunter,” which haa been “performed to overflowing, it may be said, to oveiwhelming audiences, during a period of three weeks, the enterprising manager has deter- mined to add to the attractions of his house by the presentation of a novel burlesque, called the “Fe- male Foity Thieves, or tie Fairy Legion of the Gold Region,” which will be performed for the first time tomorrow evening. Mr. and Mrs. Ward, Misses L. Wells and Denham, and a host of other ladies and gentlercen will appear im this affair, which is classed a8 a “comical, musical romance of the golden uge.” “Herne, the Hunter” wilt follow. Burton's Trxaver.—The industrious manager of this popular establishment must certainly feel highly gratified at the succesa of Shakspere's come- dy of the “Winter's Tale,” which was playpd to lurge houes throughout last week, and is again an- nounced for to-mosrew evening, and every night till further notice. The scenery is -new, character- istic, and some of it very elegant, and, in addition —a marked feature with the admirers of the great authos—the original text is preserved, subject only to such curtailments as are absolutely necessary. ‘The audiences have thus.far been very euthusiasti: in the bestowal of applause on the leading perform- ers, including the manager. Lavra Kxens’s Vanietims—The remarkable favor with which all the comedies produced under Miss Keene’s direction have been received, wil! most likely induce her to adhere more closely to that description of performances in future. The house is fall on a comedy night, no matter how un- aye Weather may be. For to-morrow iD} tenders Morris. '* come- Erne Serious Family,” most admirably cast— a fre, Mr. H. 4 yyeras Charles Torrens, Mies Keene as Mrs Delmaine, Miss Wells as Lady Creamly, and Mizs Reignolds as Mrs. Torrens. To conclude with a new divertisement, called the “ Judgment of Paris.” Wat.acn’s Taratrr.—Coleman’s excellent come- dy of “John Bull” will be performed to-morrow even- ing, and ina style, judging from the allotment of characters, seldom surpassed, if even equalled. in this country—Job Thornberry, Mr. H. Placide; Tom Shuffleton, Mr. Lester; Dennis Brulgruddery, Mr. Brougham; Peregrin, Mr. Dyott; Dan, Mr. G Hol- land; Lady Braymore, Mrs. Brougham; Mary Thorn- berry, M Raymond; Mrs. igruddery, Mrs. Vernon. The smusements will close with Mr. Brougham’s excessively funny, never-tiring bur- ue “Po-ca-hon-tas,” with the great original cast, embracing the names of the author, Miss Hodson, Mr. Walcot, &c. Broapway Varieries.—This comfortable little theatre, (late Mechanics’ Hall), has been doing an Bouseslty prosperous business during the past fort- night. Everybody appears falls with the ele- gant performances of Master George W. Marsh, only six years old; his sister, Mary; Misses Louise and Carrie; Master Checkene, and upwards of thirty other juveniles—all under twelve years of age. They render the various characters assigned them in the beautiful spectacle of the “ Naiad Queen,” in a manner that would reflect high credit on veteran actors, and are deservedly applauded throughout the performance. The spectacle is again announced for tomorrow night. Woon’s Minstre.s.—Mr. Bleeker’s new and very coliar extravaganza, styled “ The Happy Man, or treaty with Japan,” having been received with the liveliest demonstrations of satisfaction by large numbers of spectators throughout the last week, is re-srnounced Tor the coming one. Previous to the ‘bur'erque a fine collection of songs, dances, &c., in which George, the irresistibly droll, Mr. Pierce, the renowned eccentric comedian and tamborinist, and other favorite performers will appear. Bucgiry’s SERENADERS.—These celebrated mu" sicians have made an entire and very attractive change in their programme for to-morrow evening. The entertainments are to open with a choice selec- tion of songs, dances, bone, violin, Chinese fiddle and ber jo solca, &c.; besides, an overture will be given from “ Trovatore,” with the novel introduction of the “anvil chorus,” and Mr. F. Buckley will perform his great violin piece oerbere of a person dreaming of music. e whole will conclude with the opera- tic burlesque of ‘ Lucrezia Borgia.” Tne Panoramio Prorunes, illustrative of scenes, custome, manners, &c’, in China and Japan, will re- mein on exhibition a short time longer, at Academy ‘Oue The Mitchelstown, county of Tip) -y, correspon- dent of the Belfast (Ireland) Vindicator of Jau. 16, says:—At the admission of pag at the last meet- ing of the guardians of this union, a venerable man, who atill held under the exterior garb of poverty that impress of tability which the ravages of tine and adversity had not able to efface, was brought before the board in his workhouse clothes. He etated that his name was Robert Hayes—that he was born near Mitchelstown, and left his home at a very tender age—that he was four yearsin Bermuda, Barbadocs and Halifax—that for ten years he was the first tenor and director of music at Windsor Castle, and subsequently director of music to the King of Belgium. and that he was uncle to the cele- brated Irish cantatrice, Catherine Hayes, and her teacher—that he was seventy-eight years of age, in perfect health, and possession of his faculties, and willing to instruct any one who would require his professional cervices rather than continue a recipient of workhouse relief—and he further said that he had sent o detailed account of his reverses to his niece, Miss Hayes, but, that, as she was at present in Aus- tralia, he could not have hada reply up to the present. United States Distiict Court. Before Hon. Judge Betts. IMPORTANT GOVERNMENT CASE. Fen. 16.—The United States vs. Augustus Zere- 64.—This is a motion made by the defendant, Zerega, to eet aside an execution issued upon a judgment recovered by the United States on a Custom Houee bond. Subsequently the defendant obtained a Qischarge from his debts under the eneral bankrupt act of 1641. The Seoretary of the ‘reasury eing of opinion that this discharge did not effect the general government, ordered execu- tion ta be levied on the since acqnired property of the defendant. The amount involved in this and sirailar cases depending on the decision of this rabtion is said to amount to upwards of half a mil- tion of dollars. Mr. McKeon, United States District Attorney, and his assistant, Mr. Joachimsgen, jeared for the government. Pending the argument of Mr. McKeon the Court adjourned. Tbe case is to be resumed next Saturday. FRBADARY 17, 1858. Our Nebraska Oman Ciry, Nepxaska Teapirory, January 20, 1856. ‘The Legislature—Secretary Cuming in a Rage— + The Last Week of the Session—Lattle Done and @ Promise of No More—General News of the ~ 10 a few days the second session of the Nebraska | Kegs ‘stare sdjourna, leaving large amount of ne- ocesary business unfinished and untouched. The Code, as, "Fepared by commissioners appointed at the previous), *sion of our Legislature, bay been bat , little distarte@, This was indord one of the need- ful things of our."erritory, and reqnired the action of our Genera! Asa *mbly this session; however, I understand tedby, that an extzy scasion will be calied for immediats'ly, and I trus¥it' will be o> taited—that'is iff iu that extra seasioz/Ibas of per | sonal edvaricement, sectional strite and petty wrang: ; ling, and more'workfor gerersl good ‘ll’ be ac- \ complixhed. A’memotial has passed adidng Con- | gress torlocate and! appropriate money for building | the penitentiary. at'Tekemeh, the thriving county | coat of Burt county: It'is‘ good location. here- cation of the Capitol buiédings has been post- | poned until to-morrow. The bill will now, I thik, pass the House by a: aligi majority, locating: it at Chester—a town in embryo—but I db’ not believe it can pass the Counsif, and even if it did" the Governor would ‘not sanction‘ié. This session is the last one for thepresent couzeii—this body held over two sessions under the organie jaw. I doubt very much whether any-of them cver get a return ticket. Michigan is represented in) this body by an old fogy politician, who, I believe, boaste of once hold- ing the office of Secretary of State there. He was Py there to kill him off, and finding the people of ichigan had no further use for him, not even as a le, he migrated here, and. by some freak of popular sovereignty, was elected to the Council. He stands no chance of a re-election. There are scores i Ledeen Kaba such peri Peels — rials. memorial has pom, aa ongress to: donate 160 acres of land to actual settlers; also, for the re- lief of town si*es and settlers who have settled upon the school lands prior to this being surveyed: The Governor, and, indeed, the Secretary, talk of goin, to Wasbington, immediately after ‘the session ad- journs; and, by the way, speaking of the Secretary, his star seems on the decline. The people do not seem to be with him—his schemes and intrigues Seem no longer palatable, and “his occupation: is ne,’ oerhere is some talk of endeavoring to pass through both houses a joint resolution condemning the course of both Governor Izard and Secretary Cuming. I think such a resolution might pass; but of late the Governor has not only kept aloof from the intrigues, schemes and policies of Secretary Cuming, but seems generally disposed to act honestly and inde- pendently, and the probability is that all such reso- lutions will be kept quiet at present. There is much anxiety here relative to the reault of the contested seats from this Territory in Con- gress, to wit: those of Judge Bennett and Bird B. Chapman. The friends of both—the former confined to the yeomanry of the Territory, and the latter to a faction or clique—are certain of ultimate success, The thermometer this morning stood at fifteen degrees below zero. The settlements throughout the Territory are passing the winter much better than many anticipated. is is their last winter of what might be called suffering. Next season there will be large crops raised all over the country, to suffice not only the settlers but such immigration a3 may come in during the sammer. Ike. Omana City, Nepraska, TERRITORY. { January 29, 1356. Adjournment of the Legislature—Description of a Trip Across the Plains—Advice to Emigrants, Se., Fe. The Legislature has adjourned, and Omaha City, the temporary capital, looks “ like some banquet hall deserted,” or more appropos, like “the last run of shad.” There will no: be, I presume, mach ex- citement or interest just around here until the spring emigration commences. I understand from a aome- what reliable source that there will be a large emi- gration across the plains this season. Presuming an outline description of this interesting jaunt of about 1,000 miles travel might be interesting to some of the Herany’s readers, I will, for want of more interesting matter, describe a trip acrosa the plains. The emigrant reaches the confines of civilization here—the Missouri river—generally speaking, with a8 little correct idea of the remaining part of his journey as if he were about exploring the country back from the Nile. He has brought with him a quantity of luggage, one-third of which will be scattered along the road, and left as uscleas. The first thing of importance for the trip is a good team, oxen, I understand, are considered the best next, and, I believe, preferable are good mules. The wagon should be of the best material and well put together. The provisions for not more than three or four persons should be put in one wagon, and to that wagon attach about four yoke of oxen. Al- though upon the confines of civilization here, an en- tire outfit of team, provisions, &c., can be purchased, and all you have to do is look out for being cheated, for it is by many considered not much of a sin to cheat an emigrant, aud numbers make a living at it. You want a sufficiency of clothing, suitable for the rough trip—blankets, ammunition, good rifle,a shot gun, together with a revolver of the navy or army size, shoes and nails for your teams, aud a tent. The robable amount of provisions ig variously estima- Ka, and the quality according to taste. The fol- lowing, I presume, is, perhaps, as correct an estimate for “three men as any:—400 pounds of flour, 75 pounds of Indian meal, 200 pounds of crackers, 75 pounds of rice, 250 pounds of hams and side bacon, ts pounds of dried venison, 1 bushel of beans, 100 pounds of sugar, 60 pounds of coffee, 2 pounds of tea, 3 gallons of pickles in vinegar, 6 gallons of molasses, three bushels of dried fruit, 10 yranae of soda, 6 pounds tartaric acid,a little good brandy, and some dried fish. This estimate ia considered sufficient for the trip to Sacramento City, California, a distance from here via Salt Lake City of about 1,890 miles. If you are going @srough to California, Salt Lake City will be a pleasast resting place for you and your teams. For the sake of self protec- tion, &c., eight or ten teams should start together, and gs as early in the spring as the grass will admit. ‘There are many points of interest on this weari- some journey. At a distance of about 211 miles from here you reach new Fort ey, just across the Platte river, which can be forded there. About 371 miles from here you pass Ash Hollow, where General Harney rou! the Brule band of Sioux Indians last summer. A little over 500 miles from here you pass Fort Laramie. The fort isa mile and a half west of the river, on the opposite side. Here you can cross if you choose and take the south side of the Platte, but the north side is preferred. If ;u continue on the north side, at a distance of 66: miles from here, you one of the greatest curiosities of the trie lod “Devil's Gate.” It is a deep canon in the Rattleanake mountains, thi which the sweet water rans and completely fills the gap. The mountain walls on either side are about 400 feet high. 750 miles beings youto the summit of the South Pass This is the dividing point between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, Its altitode is about 7,100 feet. 788 miles brings you to one of the tributaries of the t ‘Colorado; 983 miles tg you to the famous Raa Springs and Steamboat Springs, and a little further on you paes an old crater of a defunct vol- cano. If you go by Salt Lake, at a distance of noar 1,000 miles you pass over a mountain whose altitude: is 7,248 feet, and from which you overlook. the. southern part of Great Salt Lake valley, one of the. most magnificent views in the world. About 1,050 miles brings you into the centre of the city of the Saints. e city of Salt Lake is perhaps one.of the. loveliest in the world, particularly so when, long wearisome weeks have passed since you saw oven. & village. It is built upon _an inclined plane on. the east side of the valley. This valley ‘sal 26,miles. wide by about 100 miles ite The city overs an area of twenty square miles, and is admirably watered by two cold and clear mountain. torrents. After resting awhile, ensoring tse poets of the Mormons, listening to the off-band, ourses. and Gentile devouring sermons of friend Bigham Young, you start via the south end of Salt California- wards. Ata distance of about 280 miles from Salt Lake you pass the Humbols river for the first time. Councilman Harr said that the cleaning of the _ Streets had become a theme of conversation through. " out the city, and be was happy to eay that he haa | the honor of laying the foundation for all that had been eaid in the Board concerning it. He was eur- prised to see gentleman in that Board adverse te what would be a public fo the 7 and he aide motseed ta fed ote ate it 80 awfully angry with the press, bat more with the Heratp aud Mayor Wood, for the past they took on the subject. He would like to know what this large community would be but for ress. It was the mouth of the setae nad ake" Te peat rage what was . what they were doing in ‘that Board Pig - id not i TORS. he th never Len & oop P le ey should ee when the ae gagged, and for eown part he did not see why any man with Mayor Wood. Im bis opinion he had futy by sending his commmnication to that a to ey — be with the wag of e® much importance por He looked upon the chief head’ of all the depariments, taised that in that capacity had a just to do what he did. Hy should therefore be’ ed in a)l'his meritorious efforts for the fit. No farther time must be lost in ponte thoroughfares. They must not wait till rendey them ible. “ The’ streeta were cou- thacted ont'last year, andthe contraetors worked om them coe suramer montis, while no dirt, with the exception of a little dust. there’ was anything really to-be done on the ne conan gave up the worl. So heen _ to ice for cleaning streets, yet work bad not'been done. Now tere was an abun dance'of able’ ‘men who an of starvation, thet one’ week's labor ‘be a great benefit to. It would relieve their immediate and at the same time'leave'the cityin @ clean con- dition. If seventy-five thousand dollars were po on this task, it would’ not’ increase tlie tax of biel i f city more'than cht peace fei m and, a he had already raid, it'would benefit'the'sity in twe ways. He would! take: these: facts inte consideration payer the appropriation ‘Hatlread’ ond: Iw Man: ahe Long Island oe an agen TO THE’ EDITOR‘ OF THE HERALD: I was never hostile to 'railtoads—as sueh—bat have always considéred thom’ useful imfacilitating trade and commerce, andin déveloping the resources of a country in times of peace, as well as:indireotly affording a system of national defence: in: case of war. But the grasping, .selfish and: mean prinoi- ples which railroad corporations usually evince, to- elect with the monopolizing and exelusive privi- leges which they ordinarily take upon: themselves, and enjoy, whether guarantied to them or net, are matters of great discontent; and are sincerely de- plored by all disinterested and right’ mindod oiti- wens. I need not speak of the almost total. di for the pecuniary interests and personal comforts of others, which such companies frequently munifest when not governed by proper legal restrictions— and how ecldcm is this the caee—nor of the numer- ous valuable lives that have: been sacrificed.at the shrine of their selfish ambition in their operations on a large scale, but will content myself, at present, with citing, by ew permission, a certain case im connection with the Long Island Railroad, whioh shows their conscientiousness in re, to what is right in even the smallest of their busi- ners transactions. On Saturday, February 2, cgrpouad, tickets for myself and family at the office the company in Brooklyn for: Hempstead, of which the following is the form:— Bro klyn to H. Branch. GOOD FOR THIS DAY ONLY, C Frs, 2. EDW’'D THUMPSUS, Agent. BD: i eR IN OM IRE Oe 2 TONG “TSCAND RAILROAD. B To te shown, ani given up, when required. ee ANNA vs When we arrived at Jamaica, oleae were informed that the anow had dri on the roads, and that the cars could not take them any further. No provision was made for those going beyond Ja- maica, and they were left to get their own conveyances, or foot it, or remain where they were and freeze or starve, or both, if they had no means of their own to avoid it. Ow tickets were not required, but left in our pos session; and after much trouble and loss of time we succeeded in uring a conveyance te Hempstead, our destination, at an extra expense of $2. On returning to the city, the tickets were pre- sented at their office in A street for Ikind could be done, as another entry would have to te made on the books; and, moreover, there were, perhaps, five hundred similar made to the company, which he could afford nt; for if it was e in one instance it would ave to Le done in all. Ver ut and non-com- mittal reasoning, indeed. He could receive from them ali the pay for their passages which the faces of their tickets guaranteed to them; but when had been taken but a part of the way,an na saree ast ae very blandly suggested that ould tr; bag Glass cba Sch wishing to travel that wag, when they were only good upon the face of them for the day on which they were dated And he, of courre, knew it to be so. {told him I did not come *) to ell them, but to deliver them to where they be- longed; and that I had expected, on the princi correct dealing, he would be willing to take He, however, convinced me of the sense of justice which governed him by persisting in his refusal te redeem them at any price. T have been induced to make this statement to show the public what may be expected from that company, when they will thus unhesitatingly avail themselves of the slightest pretext to drop their pamcagets at the most convenient depot, and then leave them—men, women and children—to provide for themrelves as they best can; and to Wigan that the tickets which they receive for their passages, though unconditional, are but false tokess and hum- bugs for them, and only serve as tallies for the com- pan , to show how much money bp received in that way. There is nothing on their faces pro inst contingencies of any kind; nor is viding a, there in jing to show that the transit of the pas- * nel ee shall depend on circumstances. Yet the above | airrpe as well as others, is sufficient te prove that they are liable to be dam out of the cars Lefore arrivin: at half their journey’s end, aon any and every change and freak of the wea- ther. For my own part, I should not, perhaps, have sought for an adjustment, had it not been for the te- tal want of respect and disregard for the passem- gers that were manifested'jon the occasion. should I ever again wish to travel in that direction, I will take some other mode, even should it be om foot, fm preference to the Long Island Railroad, Naoruays. The Police aud Night Patrol. James Gorpon Bennett, Esq.:— The numerous accounts of the burglaries and robberies published from day to day in the papers, and which are apparently committed withent ang efforts to arrest the offenders, havo naturally spread alarm and fear among the peaceable and well dis- pored of our community, Citizens are knooked down and robbed with impunity, and our police pear to be entirely ii uate. to protect us from the ~ oi Forges a region Onr are heavily magintain a Police force, for which they do not, recei in tell 7 their ty that pects whieh have been promised and which, they have a ae mand. The questions naturally arise—does the di! culty rest with the present police. and its management? and if it does, what remedy the evils of which the community complain? Asa citi- zen of New York, I feel,in common with all, the disgrace which attachea to us, and I beg leave, through the Phe a i yout influential to pPropore a plan which, in my opinion, our persons and p from. the pnts sage burglar, My plan is to place the whole police foree of this city on patrol duty at hang a smal number, say one hundred, who be kept at the stution houses in the different wards, where A ne may apply for assistance when necessary. no carthly nacessity for such @ large number of eee prérolling our strects in the day time. As, rom necessity, the men, whom we see dreased in the police unirm in the day time must sleep and rest at night, their labors are entirely lost to the com- munity at a time when their services are most re- |. The barglar, assassin lis B arrest the offender, aan. unlike our policemen, sleep and rest from their labors in, the day time, but at night, and aided by the se- carity which darkness 8, they prow! about eur Ata distance of 698 miles further from.Salt Lake you pass through Carson valley, one of the loveliest vallies on the route. Iti but abont six miles wide, and about forty long. The mountains around are covered with pines, and the valley with a rich growth of grass. Seven hundred and eighty-four miles further frm the Saints brings you to the summit of the Bierra Nevada—the “land of petual snow.’ From thence to Placerville is but 48 miles, an from thence to Sacramento City only 50 miles. But, render, when you reach Nebraska make up your fgind to stop and settle for life. Select you ‘a cagpfortable place for a farm—stick your stakes— ut np your house—pnt in your crops—make you a Tome and fortung—and dig, KE: upon ws streets, enter our dwellings stat erred ? Marine Court—General Term, fore Jnatioes McCarthy, Thompson and Maynard.) ‘eB, 16.—Brown vs. Gager—Judgmenr affirmed With costs. White vs. Beach—Three causes, motion to die miss denied with $5 costs in each, Gould vs. Chamberletn.—The ju nt below was not entered within the four day r the trial, and is therefore void, 8*'t aside without costa. Cook vs. Kelle, — Judgment affirmed with coats. Niles vs. Buy;kor—Judgment reversed with costa. rae va. Bttinger—Judgment reversed with cost