The New York Herald Newspaper, February 4, 1856, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 7098. —— MORNING EDITION-MONDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1856. Dramauc and Musical sere. Theatres have beens littiedull lately, but there will be quite « revival to-night, as will be seen by the foilsw- Ing resumé :— At the Baoapway Taxarns, Mr. J. W. Wallack, Jr., plays Matthew Elmore, in ‘Love's Secrifice.”’ Miss Jane ‘Coombes will be the Margaret Elmore of the night. ‘Miss Coombes has acted two or three times at this theatre, and has made « favorable impression. Tho “Sea of Ice,” which bas been nighly successful, and ‘which is very appropriate to the present cold term, wil also be played to-night. The ranegement of this house, always on the alert for novelty, are preparing seyvera grand equestrian dramas, in which will be introduce | the finest stud of horses in America. At Burton’s Tazatns, Mr. J, H. MeVicker, the Amori- cam comedian, who has just returned from @ very suc -ceseful Exgifsh tour, will commence a brief engagemen vthia evening, playing: in the piece called ‘“ Sum Patek in \France.’”’ Mr. McVicker is the only representative of this style of character now upon the stage, and has the meri: - of versatility, being » good general actor as well a8 a first rate farceur. In London he was particularly com -menéed for hia artisic, quiet style. In addition to Mr- MeVicker’s piece, Mr. Perry will earnestly request Mr. "Burton to ‘Take that Girl Away,” and Mr. Barton will ~ quote from the “ New York Directory.’ More fun for one evening cannot be bad anywhere. Mr. Haxry Woon opens the Broadway Varisties thi* «evening. It isat No. 472 Broadway, and is said to boa perfect little jewel ofa theatre. The opening bill is a -curlosity. The entire compsny is composed ef children, the clever Marsh juveniles doing the leading business. Miss Louise will deliver the opening address, and the + apectacle of “The Naisd Queen” will follow. Everything willbe new, and the exhibition will be a very interesting one, The price of admission is only twenty-five conta, At Lavra Kxeye’s Variemms, the pieces for to-night are ‘Satan in Paria’’ and the ‘School for Tigers; Miss Keere plays in both pieces. “The King’s Rival” is in rehearral here, At Warzack’s Taearrs, the “Village Doctor,” an old Park theatre piece, bas been revived during the past “week, acd achieved a very respectable success, due _principelly to the excellent manner in which the several parts were filled. Mr. Wallack’s bills to-day » contain s gentlemanly hint to people who desire to go to his theatre without paying attention tothe customary formality of leaving four shillings with Mr. Moore, the Treasurer, who is so polite that itis a pleasure to pay your money to him. Anew piece, “Duke Humphrey's Dioner,’’ is up for to-mght, with the “ Village Doctor’ and “The Little Treasure.” Weare giad to hear that Mr. Wallack will shortly appear. ‘ At Nisro’s Garpen, the Ravels and M’lle Robert are . drawing well. Three new pieces for to-night. The Bowsry THEATRE has been crowded every night to seo ‘Herve, the Hunter,” It is full of the most extraor- ‘dunary effects, Mr. Conrad Clarke will make his debut at this house to-night, as Tristam Lynwood. Pavt JvzeN has returned to town, after an extended tour throngh the country, from Massachusetts to the Miesixsippi. In conjunction with Mr. Goeckel, the pianist, acd cevoral vocal artists of ability, be will givea farewell - concert prior to his return to Europe, on Friday of this week, At Woon's Mixsmnets, 444 Broadway, a capital concert programme ix announced for to-nigh*. Also, 8 new ~colored adaptation of the capital farce, ‘The Good for Nothing.”” At Buckrzy’s, 630 Broadway, the “Sopnambula” bur- lerque and other good things. A Nova, Exunniion is announced at the Chinese Build: ings, 639 Broadway. Miss Emily Delores, the female sailor, who Iately made such an excitement in Philadel- phia, is here to be seen and heard. ‘The Trrertan Dramatic Association give » performance at the Brooklyn Museum. on Tuosday. The bill is ‘The Serious Family,’ “Limerick Boy,” and ‘Ihe Dead Shot.” Wille Racuer is at the Saint Denis Hotel. She will go to Europe very soon. Another Cold HYPERROREAN HORBORS—THE SNOWS OF JANUARY —THE ICE CROP AND THE COLD WEATHER, ETC. ‘The reverity of the present winter is without preco - dent for many years past. The records of the themome- ter show that during the past month the warmest days were ten anda half degrees colder than the coldest days of January, 1864 and 1856. The mean temperature of this month at sunti:e was 19 degrees; st 3 P. M., 27 degreer. In 1854, the moan temperature at the same hours was 29 for sunrice, aud 36 for 3 P. M.; and in 1855 it waa 50 for sunrise, and 26 for 3 P. M. There is no month on record that will equal the past in the quantity;of snow that bas fallen. ‘the following {s the record of the depth of snow, kept in the Hint office, Curing the present season: — Inshea. Storm of Dee. 22, oo 2 “Dee, 29. 6 «Jan. 6 14 “« 2 “ 3 ee jen. 2 OWN: falverap eT ATE AVERT des ores aa These figures may seem to our readers far below the mark, but it will be remembered the apparent depth of snow is very deceptive, and, when measured, turns out to be far less than supposed. This winter has been an excellent one for the ico companies, and it is estimated that tho crop of ice this year will surpass, in quality and quantity, that of any previous year. Ry the seoond week in February, all that is necessary will be taken in, and the work stopped for the present year. During ono day, last week, 6, tans were cut and housed at At! on the Hudson. This almost covered four acres and a half, and was fourteon inches in thickness. Ice one foot thick ig estimated to weigh one thousand tons to the acre. ‘Yesterday was very coldfer this latitude. {+ being, 10 degrees at 10 o'clock A. M., 12 dogreos at 1 P. M. 4 degrees at 10 P. M. There was a chilling wind also blow- ing from the northwest, that added to the discomfort of the day, and cleared {he streets of pedestrians. This wind made the tide in the East rivor very low, and im- the progress of the Hamilton ferry boats very wueb. Several thos were the boats grounded on Dia- mond Rock, adjoining the sip, which, much to the dis- grace of the mercantile community, still impedes and im- perile navigation in the East river. After the present colo snap passes away, it is but rea- sorable to suppose the weather will continue more mode- rate for the remainder of the winter. We are now in the last month of winter, and tae northern hemisphere is dey atter Cay receiving more and more of the rays of old Sol, who ia travelling southward, lengthening the days ashe comes, and brivging warmth ani comfort in his ‘beams. Besides, we have had unprecedented fails of anow this winter, and that has always a tendency to moderate the revertty of the subsequent winter. As somo of our teaters may be comptsining of the temperature when but a few cogrees abcve zero. porhaps they may find some comfort in the following figures of the temperature in Fil more county, Minnesota Territory:— Sunrite, 1P. M, 28 deg. below zero, 22 deg. below sero, 22 “ Pe “ oss] . 13 be 58 Ld 4 = u “ on “ if any person can extract any comfort out of those figures, they may do so, News from the Bahamas, «& WOMAN SENTENCED TO BE HANGED—MOVEMENTS OF TROOPE—SALT SUPPLY AT TURKS ISLANDS—THE WEATHER. From Nassau, N. P., we have files to the 204 January. Daphne Neilly was sentenced to be hanged at Nassan February 1, for the murder of Ada Roxborough, at Long Island, H. B, M, steam sloop Buzzard, from Jamaica, had ar- sived with troops. The Bahama Herald, of January, 19 has the following sxeports from Turks Islands:— ‘The \t schooner President, Remaay, master, arrived fom horintorineaiar ‘route on Wednevday after: noon. We learn that the fever at Inegua still continues, 4n many cases attended with At Long Cay, Crooked ‘® emall quantity of salt had beon raked, and the weather was favorable for rr a fallen, but not enough to re- ‘Tho Nassau Hon of Jam. 19 says:—m During this week the vestber tae ‘Tho thermometer has not ranges thuch above night {t fell to 67 ‘ en and on Thurada; The qind revailed prinsipally from the ti to-day, when a nowtheacteriy breeze aor the Sher. oury to rise to 7235. Much rain fell on Tuesday night. ie Naval Intelligence. The United States steamer Savannah waa at Rio Janeiro December 16, from River la Plate. . R. A, Williamson, Superintendent of the M 0 Railrod, was killed on the coed om tho mn ond wit. PRICE TWO CENTs. The jive Binve Case in Ciacinnatt, EXAMINATION BRFORE THB UNITED @F4TEA CO®* MISSIONBR—THE CLAIM OF WREEDOM—DisrOsI- TION TO RIOT. (From the Cancinnati Columbine, Jen St} ‘The party of fugitive siaves, consistiog of two men, two women anc three children. were yorterdsy morntag brought in custody by the Untted States Marabal betore: UiWall and Pingel, of Covingten, ed. Osl. Obembers, of end }, |n Be appeared for the clatmants; Mr. Mersnell sud Mr, Wocd, Meears. Joliffe & Gitchell appeared for the defer dante. ‘The twomen, Simon Garner and Robert Garner, ant the cldest woman, Mary Garner, wife of Simon, are clain- ea by Mr. ’. Margaret Garner, ageiost wrom th: Coroner's jury on Tueseay evening found a verdist murder, with her three remaining childrea, are claime | by Mr. Gaines, ‘On tho opening of the court, Mr, Joliffe applied for a postponement, that the defence might have time to ob- tein witnesses. By those witnesses he expected to prov: that the woman Mary Garner, had frequently been over to thin city, with the knowledge, conseat and comman i ot her alleged owners, for the purpuse of marketins eto; that the Jou man ron Gasper, ae youes ago was 1 ‘employed for four days drivicg bogs, aud, though he feared the evidence migat aot ‘prove «> clear, he expected to prove almilar faste of theother adult parties, Heasked the Court for time to odtaia witnesses. Colonel Chambers op; the application and tasisted thst the examination should prc: . He expected erery possible obstruction. Mr. Jolifie explained that the writ of habeas corpus had intercepted the proccecings; he had never seen hia cli- ents until the previous afternoon. He expected theaame courtesy as would be grented in a case of $10,009 in as- ney or an estate. oloxel Chambers insisted on a professional show, ia writing, of the names of the witnesses, and whas was ex- pected tobe proved by them. Aconsiderable time was occupied while Mr. Joliffe took the affidavite of his clients. The allegations in the afti- davit of the elder woman, Mary Gamer, are as follows :-- |. About five years $g° oi. Warrington, of Covington, hired her of James Ma: sball, who claims her as his elave. She heard Warrington ask Marsaall if he was afraid sue would run away. Marsball replied that she might pass and 1epass to Cincinrati whenever ‘ral Seca he hot no fear of hor running away. She lit in Cuviogtun with Warringtcn more than twelve months; duriag that tame she frequently came to Cincinnsti to atiend the Methodist Eptrcopal church, of which she is a memb: She never her coming from Warri Or al other person, and Warrington was fcequently aware of her pass to Cincinuati; she never heard of any ob- jection to her crossing the river. She also sometimes came to market in Cincinnati with Warrtagton, av otuer times with both hia wife and ister. Benjamin Conaolly, Mis, Warriogton’s brother, knows of her so passing; als Mr. Keneday, of the Covington ferry boat. Having been in jail, without the means of obtaining witnesses, she prays the Court to protect her ia her rights. On the application of Col. Chambers, Me. Pollock wan eppointed reporter for the Court. It was also decided that the cace involving Mr. Marshall's c'aim of ownerahip shculd be first examied. ‘The affidavit of Robert Garner war then read by Mr. Jcliffe. It alleges that five weeks before last Caristmss, Themes Marenall, son of MMarehsti who claims to be their owner, brought him over to Clucianatl, and kep’ him here about five hours. About four years ago, Wm. Timberlake, a storekeeper in Covington, had bim ia hire, and brought him over to Ohio to measure wheat; he was then in Obio from Monday to Sturday. James arsnall, four years since, brought nim to this side to drive hogs, and he staid on the Obio side fourdays ani five vighta. He was also hired to Poor, of Covington, and by his directions carried a trunk to Cinciantti. De pent asks time to obtain witnesses in proof of these cts. Col, Chambers denied that any right ot freedom accrued toa tlave by his owner bringiug him over to Onio, when the slave voluntarily returned. Mr. Joliffe contended that a slave brought to the soil of Ohio by his owner, or the sgeus of the owaor, became free, and that freedcm no after act could take away. ‘The wffidavit ot Margaret Garner was thea read: it al- leges that Joho Guines, who claims her as his alava. brought her, when a small girl, to Obio, to murse his daughter, and that she remaiced in Vincinnati uatil the evening. She expects to prove this fast by Mc. Gains, now in Oregon, aud ask3 a continuance watil his evidence cen be obtained. She also deposes that her children, William, Samue) and ’Scilla, were born after her having been thus brought into Obio. Jn the case ot Mary Garver. the Commissioner sald that the care ougat to be carefully considered, as it was net an ordinary one, The question in hand ‘is not ono of dollars and cents, but of liberty. A reasonable time to bring in testimony is asked for. The polats raised in the affidavits and the genuineness of the statements there raised, he was not then callea upon now to doclare, bu: with respect to the time requested, precedent, as well ax bis own feelings, would gavern him; the Court would do y bat was just aud right, The point taised by the defence, on behalf of Mary Garner, was an imyortant one, and the Court would consider its relation to the othe: cases; it was a question that ought to be fully ané fairly invos: tigated. The Couit adjourned until nine o'clock this morning, the prisoners in the meantime being remaades into the custody of the United States Marshal. Sigh rc of the case at the adjournment was this:— Mr. Joliffe, the counsel for the de:ence, claimed that any slave pasting into the free State of Ohio, with the consent of hia or her owner, or bis agent, which an individual is who hires # slave, becomes frea by that act. The tres- dom of an individual ence gained can never be lost, ex- cept in case of punishment for crime. The priaciple of perpetuity of freedom is sanctioned by custom, the spit of our laws, the lawa of civilized nations, and the ccnsti- tution of this Siate, which instrument declares that no iuvolaptary servitude, exceyt for crime, shad exist with in the borders of Ohio. On this ground, Mr. Joliffe con- tenda that Mary Garner, Kobert Garner, and Margaret Gerrer, ere all Sne persons and were so when arrested by the United States Marshal. Tn opporition to thia, Colonel Chambers laid down the position that whatever rights a slave might acquire by entering, with his owner’s knowledge and consent, « free State, they were forfeited when he voluntarily returned toslavery. This position the counsel for the claimants did not argue. Considerable diseatisiaaion was expressed outside of the court by several colored persows, both male and fe male, because an officer stationed at the door refaeed to permit any of them to enter. At the adjournment of court a considerable piet force was ready to escort the fogitives to jail, for whom an omnibus was waiting at the door. A considerable crowd collected outside, and when the officers atte mpted to clear a road for the vehicle, con- siderable opposition war shown. Somo feulligg and fight- irg took piace, and one or two parties were fiken to the Hammond street station hcuce by the officers, apparent- ly for the purpose of creating a diversion. Four or five cecently dressed colored women in the crowd sesmed the mest bent upon reeistance and opposition. When a rosd was clenred to the omnibus, the fugitives wers conducted inside; the police mounted the steps and the top, and a umber surronnded it; then the prisoners were taken off. It is evident that much irritable feeling exists, but the disposition evinsed by Commissioner Pendery to act fairly towaros all parties, and to view the by br in a kindly tht toward the ives and their friends, while h+ fai'hfully cischarges the sworn duties of his office, will doubtless assist in allaying agitation. Police Intelligence. CHARGE OF MAHEM. Yesterday morning @ man named Joseph Corcoran came to the Lower Police Court, before Justice Welsb, and preferred a charge of mahem against one John Cur- ran, who, he alleged, bit off @ portion of his nose and i his fi ith bi a fight at No-doz Willacy silent. “Th aStsohod. part ot the organ was presented to the moegistrate as good and sufficient evidence of Mr. Curran’s propensity for maim- ing hie§ antagonist.’ The accused was commilted for trial on the avove charge. CHARGE OF GAMBLING AND ASSAULT AND BATTERY. A man named Frederick Wolfe, residing at the Manhat- tan Hotel, in Murray street, appenred before Justice Brennaa, at the Evsex Market Police Court, and made » ectrplaint against the proprietors of the place No. 152 Rivington street for gambling. He stated that at one time he lost $3, and at another period $9, at the game of faro; that on the occasion of his losing 1 + named amount he was severely assaulted by th upants of the place, who best and kicked him in an unjustidable manner. Warrants were issued for tho arrest of the ac- cured parties, when Ernest Honchell, Moritz Somers and pa) Tobias were arrested on a charge of keeping a robling Moses Luderbrack, David Wolte aad jules Mendlebaum were also taken into custody on a charge of assault and battery upon the complainant, All toore arrested were held to bail to answer the charges against them. 70 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. ew York, Feb, 4, 1866, Having seen an account in your issue of (he 2d (attirday) 0°” the arrest of @ person calling himself by my name. ol ‘with felonious assault ona person In Trinity place, and having noticed. few ago, the arrest of @ person, wiso (aking my pame, charged with stoaltng a bais of cotton, to the conch sore, of my political eneinies have had some land in thereport. Chavo lived in the First ward twea- z ud defy any person to way suht against me, y inserding ‘his sou will siop untavorable reporis and blige, yours respectiully, CHARLES MOJAY, No. 8 Batiory place, First ward. Jersey City News. Livy. Oax Crvn.—A Live Oak Club has recently been or- ganived in the Fourth ward of Jerney City. Its rooms are at Union Hall, in Grove street, corner of South Fifth street, Its public meetings are held on Friday evenings, Alderman R, R. Raj ea is President, and Wm. B, Dun- ning, Secretary ofthe clad. Its first public meeting was he Fr sree last. Addrevees were delivered Gen, Vosdick, of Ky., and others. A reselution waa pted, pledging the members of the club to strive for the nomination of George Law for President, and for his election, if nominated, The Barker House Tragedy, tn sor cept Sag Eta ett ot Ba Bouse tragedy, io the Hepat of this date, a very ‘mis- take occurs in the last paragraph. Instead of Geo, W. Charged upon thelr own reeognteanors to sopeke on Maedsy at ear MW ovlock a. M- Te roport as published. fe oaisttated co Ci Saves impression enureiy unwarrsnied by any evidence yet produced. aking the correctis friend: we arter end plage the camtice int Ie rae re ise eee Tone, Fob, LA ie THE EUROPEAN NEWS. Oxe London, Paris, Madrid and Rome Correspondence. THE PBACH RUMORS. WHAT CO THEY AMOUNT TO? THEIR EXTECT ON WESTERN EUBGPE. TONE OF THE COMMERCIAL CIRCULARS THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE IN ENGLAND. THE NEXT BALTIC CAMPAIGN, ,, &o., dk. The Arabia's maila reached the Post office about five oolock yesterday morning. The Britieh ship Indo, Capt. Brown, arrived at St. He” Jena Nov. 22, from Honceklip Bay, Cape of Good Hope, for Swansea, England, and reported that on the second dey after leaving Hondeklip Outer Roads, being then in about Jat. £98., she was chased and fired at bye large frigate, (Capt. Brown supposed to be a Russian, mounting about 60 guns;) the Dido hoisted the American ensign. when the frigate kept away after » large ship to the westward, and thick weather comieg on nothing could be seen, but the report of cannon was distinctly heard. By « Russian Imperial decree, dated the Sth ultimo, Prince Gortschakoff is removed from the command of the army in the Crimes, and General Luders, hithert> com- mander of the army of the South, is appointed in his stead, ral Kotzebue, hitherto head of the staf in is appointed to the command of the Sth In- fantry corps. The Kouz Namé, the official journal published at Te- heran, contains the following:—The government much regrets the interruption of the relations between Persia and the Minister of Kogland, occasioned by the persist- ence with which Mr. Murray proposes unacceptable ar- rangements; but :his difference does not imply the rup. ture of the relations between the two States, and cannot modify the neutral policy observed by the government. The chiets cf the legatious at Teheran will see that no change has taken place in the attitude of Persia, and that she has not left the path of neutralicy, Prince Don Tomaso Corsini died at Roma on the ¢th ultimo. He was born in 1767, and during his lorg li‘e occupied many important diplomstic and political poste. At the time of his aeath he was Councillor of State for the Finances. Ho was buried in the splendid chapel of the Corsini at St. John de Lateran, in that city, Letters from Jerusalem state that at present the Eu- roepan Consuls in that city hulet thetic flags regelarly oa Sundays and all feast days—a oeremocy whioh has hith erto been jealourly probivited by the Turkish officials Yhronghout the Gitoman empire, excepting at the cea port towns, ‘The Austrian Consul at Jerusalem has recvived from his goveroment a very lerge scm tor the oreotion within the walls of the town of consular buildings, an hospice und a paisce for the Archbishop ot Vienna. Our London Correspondence. Lonpon, Jan, 16, 1856, Peace or War—Counter Proporals by Rusiia—Their Re jaxtion— Rupture of Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Russia—Critical Position of Prussia—Denmark— Latest from the Hast. Every word of what I predicted has come to pass. Tho Russian reply to the last Austrian proposals hes been received at Vieuna, Ruavia, as I said she would, bas neither uncondition- ally accepted nor uncomiiticaslly retused the terms pro- posed, in She bar rent counter proposals. ‘These counter proposals have not been published, offi- cially, but the Morning Port got hold of them, and has published them, We now learn from Vienaa that Austria has rejected the counter proporals of Russia withoat discussing them, and that Count Buoi bas notified Prinoe Gortachaxoff, th» Russian Ambaseador at Vienna, that a rupture of diplo- matic relations will ehortly ensue between Austria and Pussia. The 18th of Jancary is the term fixed for the withdrawal of Count Valentine Esterhazy ami all the members of the Austrian embassy from St. Petersburg, ond, in all probability, Priace Gortachakoff will leave Vienna on the same day. ‘A telegraphic despatch published in the Nord of Brus- sels, which ia a Russlan organ, says thet at the same time that Count Buol uotified the rupture of Ciglomatic relations to the Russian Minister he notified the Cabinets of Paris and Londom that Austria would aot take the field this year. All accounts agree, however, that Austria and Rusia bave come tos rupture. The Panis correspondent of the Times, writicg Inst night, bints at the ¢xistence of a sepa: Austria and the Western lowers, in addit{on to the treaty of the 2d December. This reparate convention is to the effect that if Russia does not accept (ana she has refused) the Austrian pro- porals within twenty days, the embassy is to be with. drawn, and then Austria, England and France will forth- with deliberate and concert measures to force Russia to accept peace on the conditions already agreed betwoon them, and will intimate the same to the other States of Earope, callirg upon them to co-operate. notification will be mace tu Prussia, declaring that sho shall not be admitted to futare negotiations of peace, ex- cept on ccniition that she will accept the propositions ulzeady adopted by the three Powers, that sho will for- mally announce the same to Rusela, and, in the event of Russia still refusing, will break off ail diplozatic rela tions with her and recall her ambassador. ‘This would place Prussia in a political 6x. ‘Tho funds have risen slightly on account of the bellef that Austria bas at last sorewed ber courage to the sticking point, and that Russia shows s scmi-inclination of giving in. Denmark, during tho last campaign in the Balito, dectin ¢d assigning a station for the allied fleets and the means of Procuting provisions in two of her ports, An enorgetis note bas just been addressed by France and England to the Danish goveraxent on the subject. The Council of Wer is still sitting at Paris; but the de” liberations remain secret. It ia said that ono of the points mooted is to abandon the Crimoa, simply keeping | Kamiesch, Balaklava and Eupatoz!a. The Admirals, it is said, are averse to attacking Nicholaleff. All the London jourzala of this morning publish the President's message. Omer Pasha was stili at Redout Kale, but mith » part only of his troops. The bulk of his army had provesded towards Trebizond, The campaign in Mingrelia is given up. General Souravie? bas etrong!y fortified himself in Kare; but for the snow he would have marched upon Erzroum. The Austrian squadron is at Su, Abd el-Kader is at Damascus. Ihe Tehoran journal protests that Persia will remain neutral. ‘The India mail announces the suppression of the Santa josurrection. Lowvow, Jan. 18, 1866, Peace or No PeacemAn Over Sanguine Covrerpondent—Ths War a Death Blow to the British Constitution—The Cen tral American Question—Hiffect Produced in England by the President's Mescage—Mr, Buchanan's Ability as @ Drplomatit—Kars Purporely Ailowed to be Captured Seoret Understanding Between the Belligeronie, T stated three weeks ago that Louis Napoleon had re- solved on peace, and that the alilance of England and France egainst Ruseia wasatanond, This day's mail will bring you the confirmation of my prediction, for it is certain that Rustin has accepted the propositions of the allies, So the war 1s virtually at an ond, andit only remains now to con’ terms of agreement into the Permanent chape of a treaty. The sudden close of the war ia to be attributed, first, to the desire of the French Emperor to avoid further expenditure, which wasalresiy pressing heavily cn the resources of France; sovond, to the anxiety of Russla to esoape froma confitct with the two most poworfu! nations in Europe, which must enc in the reduotion of her atrorgth, {f not in hor dnl exhani- ‘Wor; aad Int, ta tho policy of all the govoramenta of convention between | And that a | Evrope, which foresaw in the prolongation of kostities tha chances daily increasing &° ® revolutionary mov ment that might prostrate every moyelty in Europe. The effect of peace will be a relief to Russia, an advan- fege to France, acd a benefit to Engin. 0d, though it can- Lot bedeniel that this country, from i&"b to low, would Greatly have preferred carryiog on the w’@r for smother year. France has cbtsiued all the glory of the war, whilst Ei gland bas lost all the prestige of her tyemer war- tike achievements, The presa and peop.e of Engiaud ascribe this solely to the incapacity of the mrisocracy that wiel@s1the powers of the government, and there ts cot, in my opinion, the shadow of a dewb: thst tiny will be culled bef.re lung to # severe, aud perkaps fatul reskonizg. The war, short as it hus been, has inflicted a death blow on the Britis cons itution as now adminty- tered, apd this will no dow>t afford ammplo consolation to Russia for whatever humiliation she mgy feel shelee un- Cergone, It cannot be gaingsyed this Meats has resiatew with astonishing evscess the extra rdinary odds corabined aguinst her, England, Framee, Turkey and Sardinia have . done thetr best, and after two: years fighting: they have ' only succeeded in taling the haf of Sebastopol, and de- ; etroying & few ships of war, A fairer. measure of their success, however, 1s to be taken im the concensions made by Russia in the treaty of peace yot to be drawn up. Russia may agree toconcede much, ana lose much; out I feel pretty sure whe will only bite hor opportunity to get it ell back again. The death of Louis Nupoieon would: ecable her to accomplizh this inwcingle month. Tae great struggle which the Imperial Prophet at st, Helena predicted when he ceolared'that Europe must one day bo republican or Cossack, has yet to come off, The prorent war, 80 inglorious for England, and 60 infructaous for France, bas only precipitated thst grand event; and never will the people of England be autisfied un:il they have a death-wrestie with the “rugged Kussisa bear.” The peace is but a hollow truce, that will be made use of ia putting the loras, temporal and spiritual, into their places, or rather out of. them. Tne press ot Europes was just beginaing to: remark sneeripgly on the dizorderly and tactious conduct of the icwer House at Wasaiogiou, when tae mes- sage arived to give them ot subjects of com- ment. The clear and convincing sta:ement of the President on the conduct of tae Faglish govern- ment with reference to the Clayton. and Balwer troaty be stench rated eka Savatage ryt The exelanatiun ot Lord Palmerston fo rarifament will be waived fur be- fore the public mind cf this conclusion; but if the fasts are found to be as represeates in the merege, tne cays of the Palwerston Cabinet wilt country comes t» ang fiasl | personages in tered the words thet a more gallact bear: never beat royal becom ‘then in thet of the yore’ Dele wie ade dressed them. They knew how at the Alma he was inthe thickest of thet desperate fight; how at Inkermsaa all were shot dead round him; end h: weary by, the bardships he’ hed under — = by tof sufferings he was power sen to remedy, be lay in his auip dust that terrible storm {a the Black tea, which nent to the bottom 40 egy ee ship, the Motribution, excaped only by 8 asec thas rhip, only by ® miracte, Tho; knew all this; and when In excellent French hls sonatoes voice uttered the words, ‘My dear comrades,” ever; —_ ie ae thundered Seicg On le Duc z ‘ambridge: the spectavors, cats up the sound, rolled {t bask to the portals of tte Tuileries with a joy- ows enthueiswn which only great events eticl’. ‘Te mark the occasion, Eoglivh Ambassador received on intimation that it woe the intention of tce Emperor and Nmpreee te accompeny the Duke of Canide: their puest—to @ ball'at the Embusay Hotel. Tae novice was fo short that # is warvellous low the necessary pre- ‘The portton of the hotel which: ido from the Champs FE yseos by a beautdal garden, forma three rides of a quadcaagle. Pour state roums, of specious oad lofty proportion, gorgeousy furnisded, com stitute the sentre, an@from either sii¢ sprivgy on the ) right 8 throne room, Icoking on to a ball room, andon’the lett @ dinirg room and oupper room of equal dimensions Round the wAole runs # lotty of To add’ tw tals alveady large accommodation, the coutral groan# en- closed by the three sides of the qnafrangie, wat roofed’ | in and made izto x saloon, fitted up with chryntal chawde- | Wier, mirrored panela, Aw 1d, and w Suffet where the moss luxurious refres’- ments, arranged in peculiarly attractive toilettes, seom* ¢4 a if wor ing each past er by to ltoger and embrace them: With such a proof of entente ‘ale, tho Onar’s cuse is poritively hopeless. The scone was the very witohery of fairy femd. The visiter who arrived after 10° o’cleck found the court of the hotel fr y the Fau- bourg St. Henoré one blaze of iliumination. Over this gnlensy xleamed in jeta of fire the letters N. & V., sur- mounted by a wreath of laurel. The interior was cover- ed with meny-colored amps, and in the midst were drawn up tome kaif aczen ot the Imperial carringes, the ner- vunts in state liveries, the pigewrs on horeeback. Sueb en array of fat things ‘was enough to make a humble viriter, ‘compassionately asked as a more make-weigh’, avd sneabing in in his quict cabriolet, exclaim, “My leancess, my leapness, oh, my-leanness |”? The entrsrca of the Imperial: party was, however, a graptic instance of the divinity which, in the Old World, still doth hedge s king. The ambassador: and his ily met it at the very threshold. The servants in therich: est liveries, formed a phalanxon either side. The prin- cipai attachés led way, waking backwards. An Imperial vestiore was constructed between the dining trawl; aher which, throagh a haige of the highest shawl; afier , through a ige of France and the most disti British residents, the {m] visivers, the Duke of Cam: be numbered. ‘Tne opposition, headed vy Deroy and Dis- reell, will immediately dewend from the Prime Miaiswr his statement of the case, and all hiv iogenutty and skiul will not bim in pabiic estimation, if Le cannot con- trovert the cogent ceciarations of tne Presidens, The Times powepaper showed great adroituess in not commnit- ling itself on this delicate point, bat wrote all aroand i+ witn euch inimitable tact as wo excite some distrust of the American view, without entering into a defenses of the English government, which at a later day they aught be compelled to retiact. It is rumo'ed hers that Lord Clarendon makes a very sorry figure ia his corsesponcence with Mc. Buchasan, who has exhibited even more then his ususi clearness ‘and force in bis masterly export ions of ouc Central Ame- ricen dispute It in now eertain that Mr. Bocnausn has resolved to retire from the Legation early in the ensuing month, of which be has given p-sitiyy notice co tue Pre- sicent, Fo that we may expect to ree his eaceesaor hore ut BO distant day; tor st sucn a time it woud be straage indted, to leave vhe Uni ed States unre preseaved ia Lon- Gon, unsere tt ia mewn to break off all ciploaatio com municativa with & gcvernaent tha: ti@ube «solemn tre «ty 8 -o much waste payer. ‘The vews of peace has throwa the stock markets of Lon. don apd Paris tuto a state of cclirtum tewmoas, for t36 fluctustions sith eve y fresh fem cf ictell:cence ere ex- Tacrdipary aod eomewhar rmuclog 0 lo kere ov. Laow who mey be or have beeo in the confidence of Cabtneis tor the inet few days, must have msds e good thiag of buying and celling tu tue public funds A NEW YORKER, P, § ~There is a rumor afloat thet 1 give you wituout sesumizg the re:ponsitility. It is seta that the elite: kept tect Omer Vena and allowed Kars 10 be taxea, ta order that Kuecis might ce atle to made pease wicn tne epprovatios of her own people, who would never have copsented 60 ic atter to many Gkasters, without cna auc: cers, Tols supposi 9 confirm the popular oelicf that there bas beer cerstauding all along ve- tween the beligeren’s to get cut of the scrape into whith they had fallen #4 toon aud es chemoly ca pusciole. The Times has opemiy sccaées the Bit ish Amb seador at Con- stentinople ot wivhholding reset aod assi-tauce, ia rder | that Kars wight fell into the bands of Russia. If toi on ja brought home, what en outpreak ‘Lee axe ticklish days for diplomacy. Our Paris Correspondence, Panis, Jan. 17, 1856, Austria and Russia~Russta and the English Peace Part, The Distribution of War Meilots to the French Troops Ly the Duke of Camtridge—The Bail at the English Embasey —The Consus of Rome, dic., dc. Russia baa evident!y had an eye to the dislocation of the aljiance, and directed her attacks exacily to the point where che ix most likely to suecesd, The new corn ecogy of Austria prevents & noble target. Austcla, in the face of the civilized world, s9 recently indeatea for her existence aa an empice to the gigantic protection of Pussis—Austria, the Cespised of England, the contomacd cf Fiance, the spurned of the United States | When the Austrien envoy paid a visit to M. Léon Se- riavere, Chisf Director of Foreign Affairs at St. Peters- burg, the sarcastic cbeervations uttered on his desise for aslice of territory aéjoining the mouth of the Danube, are deacrited as almost intolerable. fortunately tho Sexon Minister, Baron de Seebach, left Paris and came to bia aid, ard suid so much about the independent state of f.elixg eprirging up in the secondary States of Earope, that both the Emperor and Nesselrode began to soften their ceportment. The Russian c'rcular, about which 4) much has been seid, waa no longer talked of as an ul:i- matum; ard the moderate toce adopted in regard to the Western propositions was the consequence. Still, as the matter stangs, all is ceded to Fogisad and France; and tt is whero Austrian interests are chiefly concerned—the slice of lan’ about Bessrabin—-that the demur arives, The pnt which the Houre of Hapsburg has throughout play- ed—its ingratitude to the Czar—tts faithless support ot tho alllou—its detestable conduct in Hurgary and Italy, will throw the strongest temptaticna to the most vbulext of the war party ettker in Engiand or | France to show, Austria no consideration, and serve j her as no proper part of the great alliance. | Herce the successful diplomacy of Bussia. Let her | tnt rucceed im furnishing the English peace party | with somethirg like “a cry""—a good popular reavon— | wxd there is no saying what an appeal to the people, in the fear of an moome tex of ten per cent, might not ef fect, Avthe same time, I have ro idea that the dodge will ultimately succeed. The blood of England is up. Imm eno war interests are alreedy in the ascendant, In a pounds, ebillings afd cence view of the question, having , Evgland will hoid to the expediency of now e enemy in bonds which sball last a hanized ‘This kuseta will never consent to, and tho war of will only rage the flercer for this moraeatary pause. | That England and Franco aro atill true to the liken coris of amity which for three years past haye drawn them together, may be inferred from what has recently ceourted kere. On Tuotday last the Duke of Cambridge, in tho presence of the Emperor, the Fmpross, the mar- rbels, generals, and most distinguished officers of France. | military and etvil,acoompanied by the English mili(ary and } axval officers, who had come over to Paris to attend the Im- peria! Council of War, reviewed upwards of 12,000 French troops of all arms, in the court and Place du Carouse), jmmedtately before the Tuileries, They bad recently sr- rived fiom the East, and the Dule’s object was to pre- sent them all with medals commemorative of thei gallant ct, which the Queen of Englinnd bad deputed him to bestow. The cecasion waa a novel one; and thoug’ | & érizling rain ever and spon intorfeted with tho apectacle, I havo rarely witnessed a greater degreo «f niorest among the thousenis who rurhel to th spot thea wos Claplayed. The cross of the Le- gin cf Henor is becoming an every day affair £0 “meritorious” is the riaing generation of Frenchmen but a badge of distinetion from the hereditery foe across the channel wee altogether unique; it waa a sort of mora’ completion of the ecngmest of England, and on acknow, ledgment from a quarter where, if a frequent txchavge of hard blows could enable it fo judge correctly, the porty raust of allothers be the beat qualified to form an c pinion. It was really a grand sigh Tu.perial Guard, down to th | wore the medal which testi To prevent the delay which an lvering it to so moany thous ts over night, except tothe gr 4)8 5 84) Wearing on thts, breasia tbe emblems of the deeds ot which be hirself had been an oye witners and sharer. In bestowirg the medal cn the officers the Duke mace an ka ol Nip ad gw pe el oe enna fort gt 4 ousn wi im to vrom the engineers, the y aot ea, bricge, the Princess Mathilde, and the’ Princess Augusta of Heste, were escorted to the thr.ne room, Lord and Lady Cowley attending their footsteps with all that grace- ful deferecce which exactly marke the line which: sepa- Yates proud humility’ and undignified ity. The Empress looked ravissante, if, ever the word wes admissible. Her robe was ot terry. velvet, of cherry oclor, with deep white Ince flounces, probably Worth a thousand frares s foot. The diamond tiara, intec- ming)ed with artificial grasa, which formed her headgear, aud the lustrous ear pendants nover looked so aur] ingly brilliant. the wore, folitg back from her shoul- cetr, @ white silk maptelet, trimined with ewan’s down. There was a color in her cheeks; and when bending that groceful |, she kissed the forehead of one of the ambassadors? little boye, who came to present her Ma- Jesty witha beuqnot, mazy a graybeard was rosdy to exclaim with Byron— “Oh. happy years, once more who would not be a boy !?” ‘Tne gues's’ were not gevorsily in uniform. The Au basencor bimself was en Lourgeotse, with siarply his cocked het. The Fmperor was dressed ina blue coat with metal buitors, with trowserr, white cravat, pumps ani allk strobin gs, and on his breast wore the ribbon of the Order of the Garter, fasiened to his ico by a atar of beilllants of execasive splerdor. Among the guests wore the Hon. J. ¥. Mason end his lady, Mr. and Mrs. Corbia, snd Sfea. Hatton end ber bevutiful darghters. Theve were the coly Awericans I observed; bat the guests, I believe, did not exceed a thousand, it teing uncerstood that in conse- quence of (be deligacy of the #mpress’ state, a crowded dail was to‘be avdied, ‘Lhe Imrerial party withdrew to supper nt halt past 11, their reticoment being attended with tho same ceremony a8 their entrance, ‘ibe retrograce motion ot the attachoa was, however, nocompanied with a trifling degree of incon- venience, in consequence of the use they were obliged to mare of ‘their elbows ia obliging the guests who frag- yened to be upprepa:ed for tne Imperial sortie to make There is also adark expression in the vivage ot these harcsome youths, thus intent on performing taeir Seudal ceyeir, which gave cne some alarm leat their Cecorous gravity should give way; but with a convulsive twitch or ‘wo, and a resolute compression of the truant muscles, they acquitted themselves so well that in a thort time the Fmperor_ and Empress—the latter leat op the arm of the Duke of Cambridge--and some five aud riy other persons, privil to breathe within the chorteed circle, found themnel sttting down to's sup- per combining all that O14 Evgland loves, that Frene! taste sod art can dieguite and adorn, and that Homer’s gods might have a‘e ana quatfed, forgetting the feasts of Olym- pur and the nec ar which Ganymede b>re to their lips. Af er tke imperial party had quitted, the rest of the guests were {uvited to a banquet, which was indeed only simple sepetition of the supper their Majesties had honored. Mr, Mason, the Amerizan Minister peared in excellent henith—indeed, there was no trace of his late Mrese about bim. Whether it was he saw no- thiny inimical to a good understanding between America end Kngiand io the President’s Messogo, or that wih a +tovt heurt he “hoped ever,” his spirits were excel favoltg vax kept ug tilla late hour. The band played “God Seve the Queer, end ‘Partant pour la Syrie,”’ and ] fee! certain that if the American Minister had cslled for “Yankee Doocle,” the Koglich Ambassador would have enthusiastisa'ly seconded the proposition Queen Yatia Amelic stil at Nervi, and her heaith continues to improve. It is iaterestiag to watch how there royal personages are obliged to distri- bute their favors.” To-dsy the King of Sardinia ts the gueet of Louis Napoleon, to-morrow the host of the son on whose father’s seat his hospitable ally now takes his imperial pear aryl 0 ae strangely runs ske wht ime, revo.utions capsized the tops and bottoms ot royalty, that one never knows what a day may bring forth. ‘The census was taken st Rome on the 25th of Decem- ber, axd the return of that once migaty capital is one that cannot be seen without pain, to think while Chris- tinntty bas «: its blessings cver so many bleak and dreery wastes, it should have left the Eternal City suca a meckery and reproach. It has 54 parishes, containiog 36 bishops, 1,226 recnlar clergy, 7,213 monks, 1,919 nuns, (57 semenarists and pupils for holy orders, 414 non-Ca- tLolics, 88,784 famiiies, 177,461 total population, In 1854, the tctal popviation was 178,032, and the deaths 6,024—in 1865, 7,081. THE. Our Madrid Coscspondence. Slaprip, Jan. 11, 1856. Mutiny of the Guara at the Cortee—Conepiracy Alortive— Quiet Restored—Heary Rains, cc., de. On the 7th Inst. @ very grave attemipt upon public order tock piace here, which has given rise to many com- mentarios. It was as foliowe:— A port of the guard on duty at tho Cortes, whilst the Assembly waa in session, mutinied, with tho intention of penetrating to the chamber, ‘These revolutionists loaded their guns and fired several ditcharges in tho air, doubt- lose to alaym the city, or perhaps as a signal agroed upon with some other military force which had a share in the plot. Immedfately the doors of the Assembly were clowed, and the President and various deputies came out {o endeavor to appease the tumult, but were unable to co so. It was only catmed by the presence of the com- mandants of the milttio, several other influential persons and Espartoro himself, not without the lat’er having been insulted by the rebels, The company cn guard was then relivved, ad ap event which might bave led to the most horrible resnlts, had {t been carried out as intended, terminat two hours. bai mi what 1 baye learnt there is no doubt but what it wes al piemeditated, a8 a few moments before the tu- mult began gil the lignts in the interior galleries of the Cortes were extinguished, which plainly indicates tne éetormiration of invading the chamber. Various individuals have been arrested—amongst the first the sergeant who ccmmanded the revolted company. Acourt of inquiry been instituted, in order to sift this affair, Up to to-day nothing poritive can be sard as to its results; but public of points out several indi- vid pals of the Moderado party as having @ share in this Losinoss, which has not resul ‘as they had I. “ke democrats ray they have nothing to do with this sttempt, so that until the investigation is concluded no Ling cam be sald with certainty. In my next [ hops to give yeu more explanations of this affair, Nothing now respect'ng other things, Great rains are inun catirg the country, crusing a great mo in provistons, &c., Cn account of the difficulty of borers 5 Our Rome Correspondence, Rome, Jan, 2, 1855, Rumored Rvolitwn tn Naples—The Political Condition of Maly the Mower of Austrian Activity in the Peace Negotuaticne—Roman Censorship of the Foreign Pres Inecourity of Tramlers, Se. Wo Lave (o-day s rumor from Naples that a revolution has brokon out; but I ¢éo not believe a word of it. It ix moro likely ibat there is a now eruption of Meunt Ve- suvius, and that one has been mistaken for the other. ‘That a revolution in Naples is quite possible, I will not deag; that it is Ukely to coeur, 1f peace ts concluded be- gull, lsnotet . i probable, Naples is a sort ofbonnebonchy, to besaev. t np after the regular courses, aud will bo loalt wit coo rding to circumstances. If a revolution wore to iaker® .ce, it would certainly add an ally to the Weatern Powex, and Austria, I feel certain sould not be permitted tc interfere, It Is precisely the excited state of the people here in Rome and fn Naples which induces Austria to take such decided steps in fq- vor of peace; because, as tong as the war lasts thoy, is* By costainty an to What will hooome of Italy, before Lim as bis dear comrades, and all knew as he ut on cirpeta, tauteaila of ails |' Count Faierbozy ia now im St. Petersburg, and the stocy foes that he bas been strongly backed by some of the re- prtcentatives of the smaller States of Germany as well as Prussia. The Anstrian army, though reduced, is yet im seh 4 condition thet it can, at the shortest possibls no ties, Be eguim put om the wer footing, provided there is somctedy writing to pay—the drummer. The reduction ofthe Austriwm army was @ forced financial measuie, which wurnidcesaary to prevent s new State bunkruptey— nothing etev, We shall soen see, however, what nucceas Austrian mediation will hve at this moment, and to what extert’she mpy be trasted. In the meomwhile I insist on the perfect emderstacdiog which oxtsts between Fravoeand Astrid on ame side nd Austria and Ressiaon the other, Th understanding Pas miads the Emperor of the French desir and’ beMeve in’ peace, and'it is knowm fa apite of the werlike'ton# of the Boglish press, that « majority of ministyré id alswentiafiod with the good offices of Acstria, provided It shal? appear Cast'she ia slacere. Tn the opporite case you'must‘cxpect @ fearful exteacion of the theatre of war” nett spring, and poli‘i¢al changes | in Itaiy—perbape in Gerntany: It is satd that Russie ] Was privy to the proposition mads by Austria to France; but this does not yet wwrant tite conclesion’ that ahe will’be satisfied with {9 Adstriew progremme, thougta ttiat programme must fursish ‘the basis of negotiations, if itabsll bave any other purpose tn merely to furniale suadditicnal excuse for thrinactivity of Austria, What ig certain now iv thit Count Esterhaay \fe not benrer of an wlimatum to Russle, and that whether Russla accogt’ or reject the proffered olive branch, Avstria will not go to’ war with her. Aus- tria bas certainly agreed in the treaty of 2d December te eclare war against Russia in certain cases; but these Dave not been precised, so that there ia a differuces of opiziom between Austria and the Western Powers as to whether the case mentioned ia the treaty as the casws belli bas actually arisen, of is ever likely to arte or not. Ia the treaty recently toncluded be:weem the allied Powersand Sweden, the points which constf- tute thecasus bePhave been distinctly stated, as like- wise the-obligation of the Western Powers in that events though the precise obligations of Swsden toward the al- lies can only-becontained in a secret article. But sup- Posing thereis no euch secret articloy and that Sweden merely allows the-aitied Powers the free use of her ports, winter. sod‘ summer, an immense advantege must od reault from it'to the Western Powers, It’ places them precvtely where they wieh to be placed, and where it wae thought the Austrian treaty of December % would place thems, at the head of the conservatives of Europe, by: giving Russia, by implication, at least, the character and position of the aggressor and disturber of the public peace... This was reconquering for-France the position which she had lost ever since the revolation of 1789, and assigning to Russia the character of agitator. Neither Austria, mer Sweden, nor Denmark could at any time previous to the advent of Napoleon throw the welght of her infinence on the aide of France; now that weight ia certainly there, and if {t does not tell upom Rustia ia prompting peace, the situation is such that revclution im Italy, are pressing upon Austrs. The measures preparing for the Baltic, and the state of publia opinion in Sweden, wil compel action there; and att may in the end be in Gormany, if Rugeta should appear to Le determined to tura a deaf ear to the remonstrances of the various Poners now in‘erceitiog in favor of yeoce, This is what the Emperor Napo- leon personally counted upon, when he madethat re- mathable speech at the closing of the Industrial Kxhibi- tion; his woras have had the ¢esired effect, commented upon as they were by French diplomats at every,court im Europe; and the treaty with Sweden, as well ax the re- newed negotiations of Austria, which I predieed some time ago, are the consequences of that step. it was neces- sary to convince Kurope cf the pacific intention of the Frerch government, in order to justify the-steps which mey be taken shonld the continuation of the war be “forced”? on the Emperor Napoleon. It is seid that an answer to the Austrian proposition way te expected on the last of this month, from the Court of St. Petersburg, and however incredulous the Rog- lish journals offec’ to be, avd whatever doub:s le Nord, the Russian journal at Brussels, may throw upon whcle ratior, my faith in peace remains unsbaken. The very capture of Kars, by seem: balancisg the as- count of the belligerents facilitates negotistions, by show- ing the war ss useless and ruinous to all parties. 6 great fact only will remain if ia concluded now, namely, thi:—that Ruasia—not France—is the pow- er that al just dread, as threatening the balance of power in Burope; whi'e the prerent government of Franee, by crushiog sepicitom, bas more towards protecting tbe pracent exéex of things than could have been exer: plified in a campaign against France. This fact will con- tinue to give greut weight to French diplomacy all ovec tke world, without precluding, however, the possibility ofa-ciurh to liberal institztions, and 'tae consequent Neace 5! ip in progressive iden tro stings er bow, while on oa will be cer- tain to play a secondary part ( obligato), whe- ther the cne or the other course is favored events. Russia and England will have been baulked in their de- signs, while France alone will have been successful ta tLe field and tn the cabinet. The city of Rome is still deserted by strangers. The a>- eence of the Russian Minister, and the withdraw.t cf thore of Spain and Sardinia home, lett the city quite doll; but though the feel the unproduc'ivences of the season, the authorities, Iam sure, are not sorry to witness the absence of so many persons who to them are 80 mapy objects of suspicion. Rome, though the centre of Catholic Christianity, and Ses as of Mn world, ee Peas else but a ibm lace. It seems to be out of Kurope, especi- aily Ro en Amerioan, for it doubles the distance [aan New York, a letter from America to London, requiring scarcely a cay more than a letter from London to Rome by the regular mail. Here, for instance, we bave the 2& ot Jenuary, and yet wo have not got the HERALD or Trilune ot e later date than the 5th of December. We have, however, seen the National Intelligencer of the 10th cf December, that paper having been got through with by the government. ‘The Hrnaip and Tribune have not yet been read by the Ephores of public and political ethics; though it is known that Ee. arrived here early on Sundey, m fact, on Saturday night, when it was nos convenient for the holy fathers to inspect them. Whea they do come, I expect to sec them in a mutilated beh aad tich Uhings being cut ont by the officials, T would not make an invidious ~barge against the ministers of any religion; but it epp?s. tome that thie 1a certainly oyer-doing things in 395°urnals pab- Nished in a foreign language, sn) soa s limited y number Js ever received in the he carom o including Chief of Police £3 © 4) 4291) 202 hands of the clergy, the Dire. +7 t? ta Vo2tD hos the only civilian in the whole g. “stnmeost. 7 ail pubife and private acts of the ge verntosnt wai torial appearance, which is even annoy ing 2in3 * to strargers, who submit to it only for a limited p< ‘and which cannot te otherwise than gailing to thone are dcomed to encure it for life. If the police of bh. which is #0 exceed! PR began prevent the introd. tion and spreading o1 }, were equally on the qué rive as regards thieves and highway robbers, Rome and ite cnvirous might ai least bo an agreeable revort of mon of leisure and wealth, But this is not the case : the protec- tion of the police merely extends to the ment neither bbe ge nor the people themelves being ren- dered secure in lite and property. Tt 1 bad enough when the civil government & country places it at the head of the church also; but it {s certainly worse whea the church itself assames the civil and judicial functions CL a moagl Tn the former case the Church suffers; in Jatter, the State is sure to suffer from the Church. It was one thing for Rome to become rich and powerful through the contributions of all Catholic countries, and another to create » revenue from domestic re- fources. | Now that Portugal furniahos but litte money to the and Spain Sardinia not a red farthing, the tlaposttion’ between revenues and expenditures must naturally be felt; but mothing sub- stantial is done to remedy the evil. Commerce in kept down at its lowest ebb by prohibitive duties, while mann- fractures and agriculture are actually pr baok- ward fastead of advancing with the progress of science. ‘The staple articles of industry are stfl cameos, mosaics and Roman peartas, with sundry ensts of monurients aad statues on a small ecale for English and Americam parlor ornaments In every species of trade and trafiie, Jn all that constitutes modern civilization and the mcdern State, they are mere children of the middle ages. But above all things, the people here have become consum- mate hypocrites. ‘You may be afraid of being cheated in Italy, and mint gard against it on all ocessions,” sabi ‘a moat celebrated tlenan of science and letters The dili from less, stopped | the other day and robbedof piastres, governmentmeney. There seems to has. perp | in the brains of these people, for T not yet fou: the first man among them capadle of understanding the Obligation offeontracts. An to Delteving. » man’s word, why they neither expect nor desire it. anyth.ng in seriously intended, it ts at omce reduced to writing, and then you must look out that che phraseology eu ployed is not capable ot a different int ion from Ee me eee ist. 3. ita it ey enn of — the contract, twsae,fing vigilance required to pro~ tect yourself agniuat vate seemed all round, and the vigilence which ia employed sgeinst "wh Aged. et ‘ment ant its nv morous agen’, are enovgu to regret your sty,y in Italy, and diminish even — he el “1s BD oops you * that Kes this classic goil, comeecra' seulptrire, arch i« teeture rad music, the mind of min siabeid bee teow Aware’, to oe * How ~ a ful” Irhall, nevertheless, make the tourof th» forent studios here, and give you some account o the Boies Oh aitlelag ievia Au a phar paste ob tag