The New York Herald Newspaper, January 25, 1856, Page 8

A River m the Ocean—Leeture on the Great Eqeatorial Current of the Pacific Ocean, by Licat. Bent, U. 6. N., before the Ame- | rican Geographical anu Statistical Soolety. — An in‘eresting lecture was delivered Inst eveaing by | Lieut, Beat, of the Uaited States Navy, before the Aus- rican Geographical apd Statistical Society, en the great equatorial stream of the Pacifle ocean. Lieut. Bent was ‘one ot the officers of the Japan Expedition, under Com. | Perry, and his lecture presents « lange amount of scien tific information in regsrd to a subject of the greatest im- portance, particularly to navigators. It was listened to throughout with much interest by @ numerous eudience: ‘among whom we cbeerved Commodore Perry. Lieut. Bent, on being introduced, proceeded to deliver his lecture, occasionally referring to charts and maps illus- trative of his subject. He said:— Gmtismey oF THR SocRTY, ayD Lapa np GexTLE sowi—After the able, lucid and highly selentific address upon the Gulf Stream, delivered before you on Thursday ast, by Professor Bachs. it is with extreme diffidence that leppear upon a similar field of discussion; butin compliance with the fiatzering solicitation of this society, shall endeavor to lay before you, ina biief manner, such results, derived from the hydrographic and metero- logic data collected by the late expedition to Japan—un_ Cer the command of Commodore M, C. Perry—as will show \hat there is also in the Pacific » “river in the ocean’ flowivg to the northward and eastward along the coast of Asia, ccrrespon¢iny, in every essential point, with the Gulf Streem of iby A'lantic. Toe proper understan: ing, however, of the materials from whieh these results were obtained, [may premue by saying that a recor{ was kept om board of eash of the eleven veese's composing the rquadrom of the barometer end air and wacer thermometers, every alternate hour during the cruise. ‘These, together with the abstracts from the logs of the winds, currents and daily positions of the ships when under way, as obtained by observation and dead reckon- ing, were fuished in the form of monthly reports from the sailing masters, with remarks upon any meterologi- cal or professional incident that may have come under their immediate observation. Seattered over the coean and seas, extending from the south coast of China to the northeast extremity of Japan, during « period of eighteen months of stirring activity, our equacron traversed that whole region in every direc- tien; and there reports, written with intelligecce, and their accompanying tables, compiled with care, furnish s full and valuable collection of consecutive observations, which were placed in my hands by Commodore Perry for elimination and arrangement. I at fizet plotted #!1 these observations on a skeleton chert, but found that no satisfactory conclusion could be adduced from them in such a form, owing to the confusion produced by the umavoidable dis. crepancies arising ‘rom careless ateerage or local deviation of the compasses, irregular atmospheric pressure end influences of shifding winds and neighboring land, ard that so far as the defining of the limits and general direction of great oceanic currents were concerned, the thermometer was the only sure and tafe guide. Taking an idea, therefore, from Captain Wilkes’ me- terolegical report of the exploring expedition, I made a vories of diagrams of the various passages of the ships between the coasts of China, Japan, the Loo-Choo, Bonin and Sandwich Islands, so as to exhibit the tracks, daily winds, currents, mean diurnal atmospheris pressure, and temperature of the air and water, and to convey to the mind by a simple inspectice the mont satisfactory results 1m regard to the importan: oceanic stream in that region, and which, I am in hopes, may prove of some interest to this learned society. ‘Thece diagrams sho © an increased temperature of both the air end the water themoment this stream ie entered, but a predominant thermal change in the water, which almost invariably continues superior in tewperature to ‘that of the air until leaving the stream again. On the northwestern edge of the stream the transitions re sudden and extreme, varying according to the lati- tude, from 10 deg. te 20 deg. On the southeastern side the charge is less abrupt; end from the gradual approxi- mation of the thermal ranges of the air and water, its outline is rendered less distinct and definite. Along the borders of the stream, where it chafes ‘against the torpid watere of the ocean and counter cur Fenta, as aleo in its midst, where whirls and eddies are produced by islands and the inequalities in its bed, strong tide rips are constantly encounteced, which often resem- ble heavy breakers on shoals and reefs, and become finger boards, as it were, to warn the seaman of the otherwise unseen influence which may be bearing his hip far from her intended track, and perchance upon ome of the many fearful dangers which sprinkle that egion of the sea. ‘The existence of a north east current on the coast of Japan was noticed by Cook, Kinzenstern and other ex. plozers, and has, of course, not eecaped the attention of more resent intelligent navigators, but I believe no sys. tematic series of observations upon it have hitherto been wsde. The Japanese are well aware of its existence, and nave given it the name of “ Kuro-Siwo,” or Buseck Suream, which ws undoubtedly derived from the deep biue coor of is water, when compared with that of the adjacent ocean. ‘The fountain from which this stream springs ia the great equatorial current of the Pacific, which ia magni- tude is in tion to the vast extent of that ocean, when compared with the Atlantic. Extending from the fropic of Cancer, on the North, to Capricorn—in ail probability—on the South, it has a width of near three thousand miles; and with # velocity of irom twenty to sixty miles per day, it sweeps to the westward in uninterrupted r around three-cighths of the circumierence of the giobs, until atverted by the continent of Asia, and split into innumerable streams by the Polynesian Tolan is, it sproads i ite warmth over regions of the earth, some of which—now in protifie abun- dapce—would otherwise be but oarren wastes. One of the most remarkabie of these off shoots is the Kuro-Siwo, or Japan Stream, which. separated from the parent current by the Beshee Islands and south end of Formas, in lat. 22 deg. North, long. 122 deg. Fast, is defiectea to the northward along the east coast of For- mosa. whore its strength and character are as decidédly marked as those of the Gulf Stream on the coast of Flo- rida. This northwardiy course eontinues to the paral- lel of 26 deg. North, whem it bears off to the northward and eastward, washing the whole southeast coast of Ja- pan estar as the Straits of Sangar, and increasing in suength aait advances, until reaching the chain of is i4 to the southward of the Gulf of Yedo, where its maximum velocity, as shown by our observations, is 80 miles per day. I's average strength from the south end of Formosa to the Straits of Sangar is found to be from 36 to 40 miles per twenty-four hours at ell seasons that we traversed it. ‘Near its origin the Kuro-Siwo, like the Gulf Stream, is contracted, and is usually confined between Formosa and the MsjicoSima Islands, with}a width of one hundred miles. But to the northward of this group it rapidiy ex- pands on its soutbern limit, and reaches the Lew-Chew and Bonin Is!ands, gring {ta width to the northward of the latter of about five hundred miles. To the eastward of the meridian of 143 deg. Fast in lati- tude 40 d jorth the stream takes a more easterly di- rection, allowing a cold current to intervene between it and the southern coast of Yosss, where the change in the wster is trom 16 deg. to 20 deg ; but from the barrarcing prevalent of fogs during our limited stay in that vicinity, it was impossiple to make such observa- tions or experinents as to§prove conclusively the pre- dominant direction of this cod current through the Straits of Sanger, particularly as the tide ebbs and flows them with great rapidity. Yet, from what we have, | am inclined to believe that itis a current from the Arctic Ocean running counter to the Kuro-Siwo, aad which passes to the westward through the Straits of San- gar, down through the Japan Sea, between Corea ‘and the Japanese Islands, and seeds the hyperporean eur- rent on the east coast of China, which flows to the southward through the Formosa Channel iato the China ‘Ses. For to the weetward of s line connecting the north end of Formosa and the southwestern extremity of Ja- there 1s no flow of tro waters to the northward, it, on the contrary, a cola counter current filling tne space between the Kuro-Siwoand the const of China, as is distinetly shown by our opeecvations. As far ae this the const, the soundings are regu- lar and increase gradually in depth, bu: simultaneously with the increase of temperature in the water the plum- met falls into a trough similar to the bed of the Gulf Stream, as ascertained by the United States Coast Sur- Fre surface of this counter ourrent ix no doubt in fluenced in some measure by the southwest monsoon, and during that season of the year @ portion of it is forced to mingle its waters with Kuro-Siwo, between and Japan. But so well is existence known to vessels trading on const of thet they rarely, if ever, attempt to beat to the northward through the For- moss Channel, but atmost invarial to the eastward of Formose dui adverse those wi there than in the Formosa Channel. Of the power of these two currents I can «peak from persoral experience, in addition to the facta disclosed by the observations made by the Japan expedition, for in the winter of 1848, when attached to the sloop ot war Preble, and bound Sie ong Keng Jove, ve fled for thiee days, after lea t, against this south westerly eu witheut makings single mile on our Sud Aree he , cde tio ae. € expedient of working along clove in shore, and an- chor ing whenever the tide was combined with the cu: *. Afver reaching the mouth of the chan- vey we seetahed aoross, doubling the south rin and fell immisdiately into the Kuro- galé of wind from the . we were drifted, under storm miles dead to windward in less than ato the resemblance in general character Cuil Stream aod Kuro-Siwo, there are other + which Lelau presently wention, But la the ly make the passage the prevalence of may be stronger NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1856. is storms between and couth latitude in alt 3 observation, is ence cf land, and is ‘to arrent, tl Tapid dest tepid water of the Gulf Stream. These two streams urrent, like other currents, both atmospheric and aqueous, jursue each its determinate course—the Gulf Stream ‘being thrown eastward by the gres'er rotative velocity, which it acquired in latitudes nearest the equa- tor, and the Polar current being throwa westward alo the shores and soundings of the American comtineat a ita contiguous ocean depths, by the tar’y rotation vatoh it derived in higher latitudes. Were the influeuce of winds whelty unfelt upon the ocean, it is probab'e that the seme system would s:ill be maintainec im oll its es- sential features by the mechanical infinecce cf the earth’s rotation. combined with an unstable» «te of equilibriam.’” M.F. Maury, in a paper on the Gulf Stream of the sea, read before t National Insti- tute, April 2, 1844, says:- by cxamination as to the course of the Gulf Stream not render it by any means certain that it is turned aside by the Grand Bavks of Newfoundland at all, but thatin its route from the cosets of Georgia a8 far towards the shores of Europe as its path has been distinstly ascertained, 1t describes the arc of a great clrele, as neatly as mey be. Following the line of direction given to it after clearing the Straits of Florida, its course would be nearly on sarees ey ing through the poles of the earth. That it be turned from this, and forced slong one. more to the east, requires after it leaves tuese straits the pressare cfs uew force to give it this eastward tendency; and ecise'y such force in the rate at which different parallels perform their daily rounds about their axis? In consequence of this, the stream, when it first enters the Atlantic from the Gulf, is carried with the earth around its axia at the rate of two miles and a haif a minute faster towards the east than it is when it sweeps by the Grand Banks of Newfouncland. “That this explanacion, as to its eastward tendency should hold good, a current setting from the North to- wards the South, should bave a westward tendency, ac- cordingly, and in obedience to the propelling power de- niyed from the rate at which different parallels are whiri- ed around in ciurnal motion, we find the carrent from the North which meets the Gulf Stream on the Grand Banks, taking s southwesterly direction as already de- scribed. It runs down to the Tropics by the site of the Gulf Stream, and stretches as far to the West as oar shores will allow.” That this theory of rotative influence, may, or may not be evrrect, :t is not my province to discuss, bat I was forcibly struck with these cuncidences of recurva- tion, when the tracks ot the Gulf Stream and Kuro- have we uot Siwe other with the paths of hurricanes, were t the same chart; and I have made ations show what hypotheses are i some of the eminent men who have ch attention and study to the subject; and fom n that they are in some measure, at Jeast, sus- t by the results of our observations upon the Kuro- Siwo, Or notwithstanding the configuration of the Ksst- ern + ores of the continents of America and Asis are ua- doubrecly the original cause of the defiestion to the northward, of the whole of the equatorial current of the Atlantic, by the Gulf Stream, and of a portion of that of the Pacifie by the Kuro-Siwo, or Japan stream; yet, were no influer ces such as Mr. Redfield and Lieut. Maury refer to operating upon these streams, would not their’ nata- 1a] inclivation trom the inertia of their westward flow be to hug the coasts, and wash their whole length to the Arctic sea, or until that inertia was overcome by their fricticn egainst the continen's? Yet this 1s xot the case in either instance, for it has been well established by Mr. Bache, in his Jast address, that a counter current, fivwing to the southward and westward, intervenes between the Gulf Stream and the coast of the United States, as ‘ar as the peninsuls of Florida; and, as I have before stared, as far ws our observations extend, they prove conclusively that ther: is a very important counter current intervening between the Kuro-Siwo and the main coset of Asia. Auxother resemblance between the Gulf Stream and the Kuro-Siwo is to be found in the strata of cold water lying im the longitudinal direction of these streams. Those of the former were determined by observations made by the Coast Survey, and are traced upon the disgram accom- papyivg the annual report of Prof. Bache for 1854, from whieh tke present delineation bas been copied. I have represented those of the latter, as determined by the thermometric observations taken by the Japan Expedi- tion, from which also, in fact, i have traced the whole outline of the Kuro-Siwo, from its origin about the south end of Formora to the Straite ot 5s Te Tam not precisely aware of what the therinal change ia, in paseing into, or from, cold strata in the Gult Stream, but those in the Kuro-Siwo were indicated by & depression of only a few degrees in the water thermo- meter, and therefore should mee prey be termed cool strata as compared with the rest of the stream, for in all instances these strata maintain a Tees tem- perature to the atmosphere above them; and if the hyper- borean current is, as I have,supposed, ontirely separated from the Kuro-Siwo by its psssage through the Straits of Sangar, to the westward of the Japan Islands, I am imelined to think that there is no counter current under- \ying the Kuro-Siwo, as is the case with the Gulf Stream. This, however, cam only be determined by gxperiments with the deep sea thermometer, and the usual appara- tus for determining submarine currents, none of which were made by the expedition, as its special object was of primary importance, ard all other subjects within the field of our observations were necessarily of subordinate consideration, and were obliged to be made as opportunity and the ordinary facilities of our situation would permit. Lieut. M. F. Maury says that “the maximum tempera- tare of the Gulf Stream is 86 deg., or about 90 deg. al the ocean temperature due to the latitude.” This maximum temperature coincides with that of the Kuro- Siwo, as shown by the daily means of our observations; but the difference between the temperature of tha Kuro- Siwo and the ‘ocean temperature due to the latitude,’’ ia, by the same observations, shown to be greater, amounting on an average to about 12 deg. There isa floating seaweed found in the Kuro-Siwo similar in appearance to the fucus nalans of the Gulf Stream, but the specimens by the expedition were unfortunately lost before being submitted to bota- nists for examination, and it is therefore yet undeter- mined whether are identical or not. _Lieutevant William L. Maury, kinsman to the dis- tipguiabed Superintendent of the Naval Observa- tory, and ¢ officer who conducted most of our surveys on the Coast of Japan, found sprigs of coral whilst sounding off Simoda, in lat. 35 deg. Noi The influence of the Kuro-Siwo upon the tes of Japan and the west coast of North America, is as might be expected, as striking as that of the Gulf Stream on the coasts bordering the North Atlantic. From the in- sular position of Japan, with the intervening sea be- tween it and the continent of Aria, it has # more equable climate than we enjoy in the United States; and since the counter eurrent of the Kuro-Siwo does not make its appearance cn the Eastern shores of the islands, South of the straits of Sangar, and as these islands, in their geographical potition, have a more Eastwardly direction Than our coast, the Kuro-Stwo, unlike the Guif Stream, sweeps close along this shore, giving a milder climate to that portion of the empire than is enjoyed in corres- ponding latitudes in the United States. The softenixg influence ot the Kuro-Siwo is felt on the coasts of Oregon and California, but ina less degree, haps, than that of the Gulf Stream on the coasts of 2urope, owing to the greater width of the Pacific ocean over the Atlantic. Still, the winters are so mild in Puget’s Sound, in lat!- tude 48 deg. North, that snow rarely falls there, and the inhabitants are never enabled to fill their ice houses for the summer; and vessels trading to Petropaulowski and the coast of Kamtekatka, when becoming unwieldy from accumulation of ice on their hulls and rigging, run over ‘to a higher latitude on the American coast and thaw out, in the same manner that veseels froven up on our own coast, retreat again into the Gulf Stream until favored by an easterly wind. And in the last annual address of the distinguished President of this society, the Rev. Dr. Hawks, when speaking of the routes for a railroad to connect the At- lantic States with the Pacific cost, cites the remarks of Mr. Johnson and other eminent surveyors, to show that the precipitation of moisture to the westward of the Rocky Mountains, in Oregon Territory, is, with rare exceptions, in the form of rain throughout the year; and as the prevailing winds on that coast are from the Westward, they are unquestionably ameliorated by the warm waters of the Kuro-tiwo, which impinging upon the Aleutian Islands are thence thrown egainst the shores of Oregon and Cahfornia, and form the southerly current on those coasts, to again fall into the great equatorial current of the Pacific. The whole ot the Kuro-Siwo is not, however, obstruct- ed by the Aelutian Islands, for experience shows that there is a current flowing to the northward through Behring’s Straits, which is no doubt derived from this stream. This is, perhaps, underlaid by an Arctic cur- rent flowing to the southward, which, rising to the sur- tuce after passing the narrow defile of the Straits, sup- plies the counter current to the Kuro-Siwo before spoken of. ‘The eame atmospheric meteors of revolving or cyclones, prevail on the coasts of China ana Japan as those that have been rendered so painfully familiar to us by their devastations among the West India Islands, and along our Atlantic coast. in the States steam te Mis- in of the United sisaippi thom Stmoda, Japan, to the Sandwich In October, 1854, the thermometer marufested a cold aque ons space between the meridians of 154 deg. Fast and 170 deg. ieg. North, which bears @ genorai correspondence in the Pacific ocean to the position of the Sargarsa sea in the Atlantic. At the close of the Jecture a vote of thanks was tonder- eeowe Bent, and a copy requested for the wag of the society, storms, Superior Court=Part Second. Before Hon. Judge Duer. HRAVY VERDICT AGAINST AN INSURANCE COMPANY. Harper and Others vs. The New York City Insurance Com mee plaintiffs in this case sue on a policy of insn- Ta @eir premises, which were destroyed by fire some time in 1854, the defence being that camphene was used ffor printing purposes in the establishment, The questions submitted to the jury were whether camphone was in oneral use among, printers in woodenta; and if #0, was ite use necessary, or was it ured by the plaintiff aa'teve expensive than other fluids. ‘The fary foraies verdict (subject to the optnion of the Court) for plant for $11,£78 76, being the full qmount claimed, with {n- terest ‘The Vacant Juegeship of the Supreaac Court. THE PEOPLE VS. COWLES BEFORE TRE COURT OF APPEALS. | Jounsoy, J.—On the 23d October last, Robert H. Morris, one of the Jus‘ices of the SupremeCourt olee'ed in the Firet Judiciat district, died, leaving unexpiréd five yoars ond upwards of the official term for which be was elested. At the general election held on the 6th day of November | last a large number of the electo,s in that district voted for a Justice of the Supreme Court to Gill a vacaacy, and of the votes so cast Hecry E. Davies received a larger | rumber than any other person 60 voted for; no notice was given prior to the election, by the Seoretary of State, or by | any other officer that any in the office of Justice of Seememene Cont was te be in the First Judicial iriet at that election. Om the 3d day of December | last the Gc vernor appointed the defendans to be a Jus:ice of the Bupreme Cuurt to fill the vasancy occasioned by | the death of Mr. Justice Morris. These facta, which Vinca q ‘now befure us, which is whetoer the el of the First Judicial District | under the cireumstances aeaessed the power of | LA filing the vacancy in question by their votes at the last ral election. Secection 18 of atticle 6 of the consti‘ution is in the fol- lowing terms :— In cate the ofice of any. Judge, of the Court of Appeals, xe Jus'ice of the mupreme Court, shall become va rant before the expiration of ‘he regular terin for which ne was elected, the vecapcy may be filled by appolatment by the Governor until | it shall be supplied at we next general election of Judges, When it ehall be filed by election for the residue of the unex: pired term. ‘This is the only section which in direct terms peaks of a vacancy occurring in either of the offices named; and ‘as the vacancy ia question occurre’ before the expiration of the regular term of the officer by whore death it was Cccasioned, a case is presented already, falling within the scope of the section. It is contended that the whole pose of this section isto confers power of appointment upen the Goverror, and Kimtt the period for which such appointment «bal! be made, and that the sec:ion does not regulate the filling of the vacancy by election. To shape the language used so that it can bear this construction, it is neceerary to eubject it to great and violent changes. Tous altered, it will roud :—!* the vacaney may be filled by intment by the Governor, unt be sup at the mext general election of Judges, at which it can be filed vy election (after such notice bo provided by iaw) for the | as Feridue of the unexpired term.” Thus read, it doce not conflict with the desinion appealed from. But tt iv diffi- cult to conceive that if this was what the convention meant they would bave used the langange they have to convey that mesuing. The books will be searched in vain for authority or principle to support such a reading. The language as it stands, provides for a temporary filling of the vacancy by the Governor, and s permanent filling of it by the electors, and quite as piaialy for the onecase as for the other. Itis clear and explicit, and neither requires nor permits avy other construction than that which is obvious upon its face. When euch a va- cancy is to be permanently filled, it must be by election for the residae ef the unexpired term, “not a+ a special election” nor ata general elestion merely, but at a ‘-gen- eral election of Judges.” Other clauses of the same arti- cle afford us the means of saying what was referred to under the designation. Under section 2, tae four elected Judgen of the of Appeals are directed to be so classified that ‘of them shal! be elected every second year: apd by section 4 the Justices of the Su- e Court are to be classified so that one of the justices of each oistrict shall go out of office at the ‘end of every two years. One Judge of the Court of ‘Appeals, and eight Justices of the Bupreme Court, would thus end thetr cfficial terms at the close of every second year. An electi m to fill thece places is plain- ly the general election of Judges spoken of in the 13th tecticn. Section 12 of the eame article provides that “the Judges of the Court of Appeals shall oe elected by the electors of the State, and the Justices of the Supreme Court by the electors of the reveral judicial districts. at such times as may be prescribed by Jaw.’ Under this section the Legislature had power to fix a different time for the election of the officers named from that at which the Governor end members of the Legislature were to be elected, but they have not hitherto deemed it expedient todo so, Under the provisions ot chap‘er 240 of the Laws of 1847, section 3, thoee officers are to be chosen at gene- ral elections, which are declared to be such as are beid at the same time in every county for the election of all or some of certain ee reo pul officers. among whom are named Judges of the Court of Appeals and Justices of the Supreme Court. Section 6 of the same act pro- vides “that all vacancies in any of the offices named’ in the last mentioned rection, with certain exceptions un- necessary to be noticed, “ shall be supptied at toe general election next succeeding the happexing thereof.” By this enactment the Legislature have exercised the power which it is claimed they possess uncer articie 10, section 5, of the constitution, to provide for filling vacancies in office. It applies to Justices of the Supreme Court and to Justicer of the Court of Appeals. It hep- in the case before us that the election which was Pid on the Oth of Novetater last, was not enly « general election, but also a general election of Judges. There was, there‘ore, the warrant both of the constitution and tne statute tor the electo:s to proceed to fill the vacan- cy, if that election was the next after the occurrence of the vacancy. I abstain from qectiog dictionaries to show how ‘next’ is defined; no plainer term can be ured. The election on the 6th of November was certainly the first that occurred aiter the 23d of October, when the vacancy took place, and it as certainly occurred after that day, unless the position taken by the defendant's counsel sball be sustained. That position was that the term ‘next general election,”’ was to be held to embrace not only the actual day on which the takes place, but also the preceding period in which the preliminary notices are by law to be given by the Secretary of State, when such notices are directed. If this be so, then as to some officers, the election begins on the first day of Sep- tember at Jatest, and as te others on the léth day of October, (18.5. 4ed. 339, 340, sect. 24.) Moreover, the sections of the statute which direct the Secretary of State to give notice and prescribe its terms, recognise the the position that the day of election, and not the whole iod between it and the last day of notice, is designated agis4 phrase “next general election.” ‘This novice is itself to specify the officers to be chosen “at the then next general election. (L. 1847, ch. 240, 6, 7,18. 8. 4th ed., $29, sec. 2, 5, 4.) A further and conclusive answer tothe position is to be found in the well ascertained meaning of the term ‘general election.” The election law of 1842 (ch. 120, sec. 4, 5,) says general elections shall be eld on the ‘Tuesdsy succeeding the first Mon- day of November in every year; and again, ticns shall be held on tue Tuesday preceaing the first Monday of November in every year: and again, ‘“ elections shall be beld for one day only.” This expres- sion, which is also found im the Revised Statutes, had been long used ia this State before the Convention that framed constitution met; it was then in force as law, and must be taken to have been used by tha: body in this, which is both ite natural and accustomed sense. It seems to me, therefore, that we are bound to declare that the electionat which the relator claims to have been elected, was the next general eleciion of Judges after the office in question became vacant. Nor does it seem that the necessity of this conclu- sion is at all affected by the fact that the election law (LR. §, 4th ed. 240, sec. 4,) contains a provision under whuch, if this vacancy had existed prior to the 15th of October, it would pave been the duty of the Secretary of State to give notice of the vacancy having occurred; after that period no similar duty was by law im) upon him, or upon any other officer. In the ease of a va- caacy occurring in the office of » Judge of vbis court, no law makes it the duty of any officer under any cireum- stances to give notice of the vacancy with reference to an election to fill it; and yet the statute before r-ferred to (I, 1847, eh. 240, nec. 6.) directs it to be filled at the next election; and section 10 of the same act ten the form of ballot to be given. when at a general election ‘one or more vacancies are to be supplied, in the office of Judge of the Court of Appeals or Justiceof the Supreme Court, nor is this provision nece:sarily to be das proving that an accidental omission exists in respect to the filling of the office of a Judge of the Court of Appeals, as to which a notice was at least as proper as io regard to filling the office of a Justice of Supreme Court. ‘That suppositeon ought not to be resorted to except from necessity, because it assumes that the Legislature has been guilty of an oversight in the discharge of their du- ty. better explanation is that afforded by the fact that the section requiring notice when @ vacancy in a district is to be filled,+formed part of the election law under the Revised Statutes. At that time there were Senatorial districts and Congressional districts, each of which feil under its provisions, This section was continued in the revision of the election law of 1847, and it was probably allowed to stand unaltered, as the Legislature saw that under it no conflict could arise with section six of thatact, which provides for fil vacancies in the offices of the Judges cf the Court Appeals, and Justices of the Supreme Court and others, at the next general election, insomuch as when the va- cancy in the office of Justice of the Supreme Court oo- curred before October 15, notice could be given, and when it ocourred atter that time, no law prescrioed any notice. ‘This they might reasonably consider good ground for not altering the fection in question, because even where notice is prescribed, no one sup) that the omission to give it will vitiate the election. Having arrived at the conclusion that the consitution requires the interpretation above given upon the plain meaning of the terms employed, it may be proper to con- sider for moment aground which seems to have pressed with Neen or, Reg upon the Judge of the Supreme Court who decided the case at General Term: I mean the possible inconvenience which may grow out of the provi- sicn as it stands, upon the interpretation we have put upon it, and whieh we think its language clearly re- quires. ‘The period has been when an inconven! which would @ from construing a statute as it stood and as it reads, was deemed abundantly to warrant a Court to put upon {ta strained and unnatural construo- tion for the purpose cf avoiding the inconvenience, and substantially conformirg the will of the law makers to the better jndgment of the Judges. But Courts at the resent day, both in this country and in England, ac nowledge that their simple duty is to atrive to ascertain the will of the law makers frem the law itself; and, hav- ing ascerteined it, to ave it effect. Courts are not re sponsible that only wise laws shall be made; thay haven? er given to them to judge of the wikdom of the Logis- ¢, nor to revise and alter that which has been enacted to be the law (Waller vs, Harris, 20 Wend. 661; Vilas va Jones, 1 Cones. 374; Leith vs. Itvine, 1 Myl. & K., 27), If these principles are proper to restrain the action of courts in construing acts of the legislature, they cer- tainly, with no less cogency, are applicable to constita- tional provisions, which, from their greater importance and more permanent Operation must be supposed to have been framed with the utmost cireumspection, Upon the censtruction which we pet ‘a the constitation and Jaws, the vacancy occasio1 the death of Mr. Jastice Morris was proper to be filled by election at the time when the relator claims to have beer chosen. Hav- ing arrived at this conclusion from the consideration polly of the language of the constitution and the laws, ft ts gratifying to find, though we do not advert to it as ® ground of ion, that the history of the constitutional provision in ques'ion, as preserved ia the debates of the convention, coinetdes exactly with the interpretation which ite terms impose upon us, Section 13 happens to stand in the very terms in which it was introduced before the convention. Mr, Joomis, on introducing the section, ts reported to have mud; “It must be obvious that no provision was made for filing a vacaacy. Ble bed theretore drawn e pogtion to | by etrining out the worda ‘it shall be supplied at,’’ so | 4 Pecgt pooner gt pi ted s bes % vecencies,” which he provide for euj . Mr. Tallmadge moved to amend, words as it pow ot deprive the Governor News from South America. ‘The eteamship Tay arrived at Southamptom (Eng’and) on the 11th inat., with dates from Buenos Ayres to the 24 of December ; Montevideo, 6th ; Rio de Janeiro, 15th ; Bahia, 19th ; Pernambuco, 2lst ; St. Vincent, 20th ; Te- neriffe, 24 January ; Madeira, 34 ; Lisbon, Tth. The Tay brought forty-six passengers. Among thore landed at Lisbon was M. Thalberg, the eminent pianist, from Buenos Ayres. The freight consisted of £26,742 in diamonds, two packages of gold, (value not atated,) and a cargo consisting of bags of cochineal, 564 bags and 75 bales of tobacco, and sundries. irg. Unless Urquiza and the out Oribe a 4 commcn enemy—which ho undoubtedly is —we shall not be allowed to go on im peace here; and it } is not unlikely we may have Don Juan Manuel Rosas back in a few months. We have nothing to expect from the mission that has gove to the Parana; and the question with Paraguay is certain 4 involve us in new difficulties. There bave been rumors of ministerial resignations, but we suspect they are unfounded. At the same time their position is extremoly difficult, and, if they cannot induce the gauchos to go against the Indians, the sooner they resign the better. Ail busiveca, except sheazing and shipping wool, is at a dead stand, and the state of anxiety is very great, which the presence of a0 many political refugees trom Montevideo is not calculated to allay. We ooasider a crisis is inevitable; when it may hep; i, it may assume, we cannot predict. It is probable that next mail will throw some further light on our situation. In commercial matters, the mouetary situation of Buenos Ayres was tac from satisfactory. In articles of daily consumption. the arrivals from Spain, the United States, Sardinia and Brazil, had been considerably above the average. Wholesale prices had in general given way anda further reduc fon was ex ; Grain and flour were the only two articles in_ which it was deemed saie to speculate. The prospects of the crops, owing t2 tho almost unprecedented succession of heavy rains, were very uncertain, and seemed likely to prove deficient; should such be the case, the consequences are expected to be fearful. In exports, there were no stocks on hand, with the exception of wool. Excbange on Kngland was quoted at 67. Intelligence from Montevideo reports’ an insurrection of adesperate nature. The British Packet in noticing the affair rays : ‘The streets from the 24th tothe 2th of Ncvember were the scene ofa fratricidal struggle, in which 90 or 100 lives were sacrificed, and perhaps a larger number wounded. The details are very vague, but the triumph was for the partieaus of Generals Oribe and Flores, After a fruitless struggle their to surrender, and the principal leaders, with part of the troops, arrived here aa refugees in the steam packets, It 1s impossible to lock forward to the complications that may ensue without a shudder of apprehension. In consequence of the outbreak everything in the shape of business was at astond still. BRAZIL. Frem Rio de Janeiro our dates are to the 15th ultimo. The capital was entirely free from cholera, and it had nearly ditappeared at most of the ports along the coast. ‘The works of the Pedro Il. Railway were being carried on with great energy under the direction of Mz. Austen, the civil ergincer. Commercial matters had not quite reoovered from the effecta cf the epidemic. The rales of coffee, including ebout 15,000 bags shipped on dealers’ accounts, since the 15th of November to the 14th of December, reached $20,000 baga, of which 156,000 were for the United sta:es, 49,200 for the Mediterranean, 123,500 for the north of Europe, and 1,£00 bags for the Cape of Good Hope. Stock, 40,000 bags. A very animated business in coffee bad taken place, owing to a decline of 500 reis on the pre- vious high quotaticns. A circular says:— ‘The paralyration which prevailed in this article from the teginning to the middle of last month subsided on the 15th, when dealers having submitted to a decline of 500 reis on the previous highert quo.ations, a very ani. mated business ensued, which haa since continued most upinterruptediy. ' Prices towards the close of last/ month bad recovered 160 to 160 reis; after the arrival, however, of this conveyance, a further impu'se wasgiven to the market, important sales were effected, and a fur- ther advance tock place, prices being now again fully 400 reis above the rates current on the 15th ult. The cholera has latterly considerably decreased, aod 1s in some parts rearly extinct: fortunately it has not invaded the principal coffee growing districts of the province. Planters, incuced by the high vaiue of the article, have been hurrying down their produce, and the market, in conseqeunce, bas continued to be fairly supplied. Judg- ipg, however, from the diminished proportion of old cof- fees contained in the last arrivale, Tesmight be supposed that not much of that yield is left in the interior, and in euch care supplies may henceforward begin to fall off, considering the great shortz ess of the present crop. ‘The extensive transactions in , &8 also some tightnees in the money market, caused 's considerable improvement in the exchange.’ About £65,000 havi been negotiated at 27%, 27% d., €Od.a, and 275 472%, 90 d. #., previous to the departure of the Donna Ma: ria If., on the 20th November. Operations for this cen- yeyance commenced on the 28th ult., the opening rate baving been 28 d. 90 d. s.; bills were subsequently passed at 1856 4., 90d. 8.; 27% d., 90 dis, 27d. 60d. 5; the bulk of business, however, was at 27% d. and 28 d. 90 4. s.—mostly at the latter rate. In all there have been negotiated since the 13th of November £800,000 on London, of which the National Bank took £130,000., 1,500,000f, on France, at £40 to 342 for indirect bills, and 344 to 345 on Paris direct, M. Boo. 610 000 on Hamburg, oul Hy at O45 reis. The remittances by this steamer are Shipped in Iset month—179,601 bags coffee (against 197.012 in November, 1854); 664 barrels, 200 bags sugar; 19.885 hides; 20,C00 ox and cow horns; 29 pipes rum; 948 rolls tobacco; 761 bags rice; 244 barrels tapioca; 718 planks jacaranda. ‘The following are the quotations in coffee :—Superior washed, 5,500 to 6,400; superior, 5,100 to 5,300; 1st good, 4,800 to 4,900; Ist ordinary, 4,400 to 4,600; 2d good, 4,000 to 4,200; 2a ordinary, 3,200 to 3,500. Freights to England were quoted at 50s. ; Channel, 50s, to 65s.; United States, 60¢, to 80c. BAHIA. fg! intelligence from Bahia is to the 19th ult., inclu- ® ive, Cholera still continued in the ontporta of Maroim, P pedo, Larapgeiras and , and had caused a com- piste stagpation of trace between thore places and Bahia. e disease had also returned to some estates in the bay, where the deaths had been very num but in the city it was almost extinct. The sugar were suf- fering considerably in consequence. Commerelal affairs had undergone considerable changes since the last advices. The demand for English manu- factures was more active, anda fair quantity of goods had been taken for the interior. , however, were anything but remunerative, taking into consideration the ingreased risk owing to the epidemic and long credit. ‘The market was well stocked with goods, including the princlgal necossaries, “Sugar arrived a little more treely from the interior, but none trom the outports. Tn frelghts tonbage was wanted, ‘The fart charters for Liverpool were mace at 62s. 6.; Hamburg, 75s.: London, 658.; amd United States, Sic. per bag. Only one or two largo disengaged vessels ‘were in port. Feshange opened at 28d., having been down to 273¢d., and again up to 28d. It clesed firm at 2734. per wmilrel % At Pernambuco some few cases of cholera had ap- peared, and had caused considerable alarm. The sugar market was steady. Police Inte! Ce, ALLEGED EMBBZZLEMENT OF $109,000—ARREST OF THE ACCUSED PABTY AS A FUGITIVE FROM AUS- TRALASIA, George P. Ball, a boarder at the Astor House, was taken into custody yesterday sfternoon, on charge f having embezzled funds to the extent of $109,000 from the house or Jobn Gladstone & Co., of Melbourne, Austra- Jasia, with which it is alleged he fled to this country. Mr. Alexander Morrison, the agent for Mr. Gladstone & Co., appeared before Justice Osborne and made a complaint against Ball for embezzlement. Upon his affidavit a war- rant of arrest was issued, which being placed in the hands of officer Hope, of the Mayor’s office, the accused was ar- rested. He now remains in the custody of the policeman until an examination can be had in the matter this morn- ing. $30,000 of the property has been levied on by the Sheriff. THE AMERICAN LADIEG’ ASSOCIATION AFFAIR. ‘The accused in this case, Mrs, I. A. Lincoln, appeared before Justice Osborne yesterday, at the required hour, but being unable to procure bail, was allowed to depart on her own vances, until eleven o’clock this morning, when it is expected bail will be procured. Ex- monds and a number of the fair defendant's coe were in court, and all consoled her upon this try ARREST OF A POLICEMAN ON CHARGE OP BRIBERY. Officer Churebill, of the Thirteenth ward police, was aken into custody on Wednesday night, by officer Mar- terson, of the Chief's office, on charge of receiving $100 frcm the wife of an alleged recelver of stolen goods, in consideration of his failing to proseeute the accused party. From the evidence taken by Mr. McKellar, Clerk to the Chief of Police, it appears that about six months ago a men named James Moore, re: 222 Third street, and keeping ® junk shop at that place, was arrested by Churchill on charge of receiving stolen goods. Moore, ft is eaid, forfeited bis bail and ram away from the coun: try, Upon hia return, which was a few weeks ago, he was told by @ friend of his who had met Churchill, ‘that the matter could be settled for $500, Moore thinking that ft would be a good plan to fee the oftcer, agreed. t0 the proposition, but said $500 was too greata sum. It was finally determined to make the amount $100, which was to be paid in instalments, Tho facts of this arrange- ment coming to the ears of officer Mastorson, he deter- wined to «atch the movements of Churchill, and sceord- ingly, when, on Wednerday night the latter met Mra. Moore, by appointment, at the corner of Broome aud Columbia streets, he was close behind the pair and saw & roll of bills banded over to officer Con: by the wo- man. He then went up to the Thirteenth ward officer ‘ani took him into custody. Churchill was convayed to the Thirteenth ward station house, where he was searched, when $99 in bills were found upon bis person. The plane; wes thea taken to the fe:icency of tae Chief of consulted in regard t was cetained | affair, it was Oetermined to up the prison at the City Hall. Tnere Churchill until yeeterday morning, when the necessary affidavi prison for examination. arrest of thia policemen has Created a great ceal 0’ excitement among the members of the police depart ment a the Srevaat af avery Lage industrious officer. a t wv e priscver ‘and shed bit- ter teare at the misfortune which bed bofalion. h before the Mayor in person. if Ghurchill should be con- | victed, the State prison will be his home for ‘he next two ‘ or three years. The woman who gave Churchill the prisoner, as witnesses for the prosecuuscn, CHARGE OF BIOT AND ASSAULT AND BATTERY, AGAINST A POLICEMAN. ‘end James Ryan, were taken into cestody on charge of wie concerned in a riot, that took piace in the asloon of Wi Hoolcher, No. 126 Clinton street, about a week On this occasion. wife, were severely beateu by the rowdies, It now turns cut at Bierefield is a Thirteenth ward officer, and waa pretty deeply engaged in the riotous werd police, assisted by officer Worden of the Thirteenth ward. The prisoners were taken bofore Justice Wood at the Earex Market Police Court. where they were each preterred agvinat them. Biersflelt has been suspended from pay until the matter caa be ¢isposed of by the Po- lice Commiseioners. WATCHMAN. A private watchman named Jobn Mount, fora long time in the employment of John N, Genin, hatter, waa Stage, of the Eighth ward a wih bavi; feloniously taken at various aren Pom hissmeloye er's store, under the St. Nicholas Hotel, amounting ia of the stolen. eg to the house of the prisoner ia Centre street. @ defendant was taken before Justice Davisop, at tne Second District Polise Court, where he ALLEGED ATTEMPT TO PASS AN ALTERED BILL. Jobn Johnson a genteel looking man, was taken into custody on Wedzesday night, by officer Smith, of the Fif- ir. proprietor of a store in Brosdway, in exc! for some purebased there. The bill was a five a tered from a one On se the accused, a lot of person, also # hotel key numbered 16, Johnson to give any account of himself whem asked to do so the megistrate. The prisoner waz committed for exami- Police, when tbe latter being token, it wes to commit him to it, who heretofore jooked uw) her hus- bend. We understand that the case is to be conducted ope fd officer Masterecn, ana others, will avpear against Charles Biersfield, Richaid Quigley, John Carpenter he the proprietor of the eed bis Lag proceedings. The arresis were made by Captain Squires of the Eleventh beld to bail inthe sum of $500, to answer the oharge CHARGE OF DIEHONESTY AGAINST A PRIVATE taken into custody cn Wedneasay night by Lioutenaat the aggregate to about $400. The officer traced a portion was committe) for examization. teenth ward police, ona of hay attem to ap siered, bil on Avg eel Bank of this His to mall change and several bank bills were found upon his refased nation. Court Onlendan—This Day. Bursnion Covrr.—Nos. 288, 265, 279, 264, 161, 381, 898, 309. 166, 412 to 429, 421 to 406, 438, 459, 443, 444, 446, 447, 449, 460, 461, 453. Press—| Nos. 18, 20, 82 to4l. Part Common Part 1, 2.—Nos. 7, 8, 18 42 to 53. Surge Covet—Cireutt.—Nos. 1,268, 419, 767, 1,059. 1,837, 1,610, 1.520, 1,522, 1 566, 1,660, 1,724, 1,179, 1,834, 11843, 767, 26%, 3,468, "1,418," 706, 1.064, '1 081, 1,127, 1'120) 1,707, apd all other causes lett over trom leat’ Fri- @ay. | Special Term —Nos. 96, 216, 33, 207, 70, 64, 129. “MABITIME INTELLIGENCE. Al and laters intended the Maw % aR carte St bite te Saw Yous ALMANAO TOR HEW TORE—ENS DAY. SUNT RISES. BUN SETS..... insman, B Wiliams. fedo, Kendrick, Ubariest: ‘& Dimon. Brig Monte Cristo, Northrup, Manzanilo—Foster & Nicker sn. ro Boyd, GUpstzick, Sagua le Graned—Wacleigh & Brig Mountain Eagie, Pray, Trinidad —C & E J Peters. Metanras—D Ourtis & Co. Brig Telegraph 8! Behr Rio, Means, May Schr » Teylor, Schr A V Bedell, Smi h, Nortolk- M Bedell. Sebr J W, Faulklin, Boston ~ Dayton & Spray Propeller Locum Prirt, French Baitimore--Cromwell’s Line, Propeller Totten, Mori¢y, Balttmore—Cromweli’s Line, Steamehip Baltic, Comstosk, Liverpool, Jan 1: am: ; 15 PM, ey tg rN ir m), hy 2. - dora Dec 5, with black pepper, io order. Dee 1 28.07 W, saw Br bark Aretbusa, of Sligo, standing 5 20, lom 39 35, raw a e ‘bia square, in the conte, eisadiry WW, Jon 71 30, Bremen bark ‘York, with passengers; bark showing a whit DC in tt standing N; 16s, New \ork. Tte C has been 1b days, with continual gales Bark Fissh Schr Humming Bird, Morris, Wilmingtca, NO. Sehr Rio, O' Donpell, Washington, NC.” Schr A Falkenbergh’ Rogers, Norfolk. Schr Neleon Rogers, —. V1 for New Haven, Schr Eliza Jane, Sperry, Virginia. Ech Edward Bennet, , Virgate. Sckr Alexander Cooper, Deckee, Schr Kilza Hamilton, Burbank, Virginia, Sehr Sherwood, Mcone, Virginia Sehr Wing of ie Wind; Pearsall. Virginin, br Bi wuell, Ryder, Virginia. Schr Jobn 8 —" Virginia. chr John 8 Havets irgtnia, Schr William Hi Lane, Schr Grace Girdle, Paine, Phi'adelphis. Irene (lighter), Pierce, from the wreck of bark John Farnum, sebore on Squan Beach. Schr J'B Oramer, Caviler, from the wreck of schr S P Lord, on Deal Beach. Schr D Crowell —, from bark John Farnum, oa Squan py ioreller Parker Vein, Ramsay, Baltimore, with mdse, to J Propelier Wamsuita, Kye, New Bedford. Propeller Petrel, Arey, Providence. SAILED. Ships Devonshire, London: Oenturion, Liverpool; Rhine, Lon- don (and anchored in the North ivenys bark Ravana Wobtn, Also, steamship Nortbern Light, San Juan: inoug! ret ‘from’ Quarantine): bark Morning Bor’ New oe Wind during the day, WSW- Miscellancous and Disastcrs. Drata or Carr Fugumzr—We bave recetved intelligence of the death of Capt Addison Plummer, late of ship Arlingten, which took place on the 20th of December, at 5:20 PM, while off the Island ot Malta, Capt P had been ill for three mdnths Previous to hia decease froman enlargement of the liver, which fixally proved fatal. He was from Gloucester, Mass, whereh IS leaves a wife and two children to mourn his joss, Capt Plum g mer was an honor to his profession, and his many friends wi §) sympathise with his afflicted family. Steamship Jamestown, of the Norfolk and Richmond line, ‘was yesterday in the sectional dry dock, for inspection, re- patre, ac. wGTON ‘T'H Beatie, nie feat odcer of ap anogae” Be command Baux Kate Ha . ‘| ther, mabing about aches water per" hour, tbe leat orees ing and decreasing 10 the weather; the v much strained about the stern mood. aischarging Nov 2, and they were in tween decks to be able to stop the leak. hires teat earmuiee eat Secs fall the register and crew list of the vessel, on having noted snd entered his protest before’an Engiish notary, Capt Hall bas protested against Mr’ 8. who til revues to F>: celve the ship's papers, and says do with the captain or the ship In Brio Brvviat—We are indebted to Messrs Moody & Te Adjusters of Marine Averages, tor the following eum oe loss ot the brig Kivulet:—The brig Rivulet and her cargo be came a total loss on the 31st of December. by on one of the Keys near the East end of frame; that by Scur Frances Antnemtvs, at New Bed‘ord from Jackson- ville, had fore boom carried away. and lost jid, in a SE gale, no date, lat 37 04, lon 74 06; also shipped a sea wi shi lock load, carried away Larose gen . While lying to night of 6th inst, lost boat ard flying jib, and sprung a leak of $00 strokes per hour, | The leak was st ently discovered in the run. arout ‘of the water closet ‘was partial! . On 7th inst, Int 638, lon 73.36, passed a lot ot box aboot tec trazks ad @ portion of @ wreck On the 8th, 69 18, spoke schr Charles ¥. Hu se, irom Philadelphia Haven, elght days out, with loss of boat, { ard main, flying jib and bobstgys, leaking badly provisions: netter of us having , made’ fast a bag of bee! ‘8 boat we came up under to & line and they hawed it Sour Cras L Hurse—See above. ‘ort Boston Jan 4, and has not aince rd Bhe was probably in light trim, and has been blown off in the late gales, in which case ahemay bring up at or ‘Wrecx—Capt Alden, of schr W H Smith, at Wi from New York, reports that on the 14th inst, in'lat . & small vossal of 60 oF 60 tons, with'foreman’ sed bosantt bow: stending, with no person on board, On the ct withe clot auger bnes marked "Hi ET.” the wupattad cea ly all — passed fragments of bul warks, waiate boards, Lavncnep—At Bath 2ist inst, by Mesars Hall, Snow & Bath, a ship of 1467 tons. called the Sunshine, b: Howes of Co, of New York, and to be commanded Capt Barnstab! ures 216 feet tea ‘and Ferree eeir and’ $9 eck 6 inches bene, “th leck over sll, and 39 tee! ches I white oak, wih live oak ends. | Bhe hae the Howes rig, considered by nautical men to be one finest Claes that ‘ever sailed from Bath. ‘i Sutrnu.prnG i BANGon—During the year 1465 built tn the district of Bangor, Me, 2 shipa, ait 2 ‘and 10 schooners, of the aggregate tonnage of 4,521, Notice to Mariners, Sanitany Dupes —We are indebted to the Spanish Consul at Philadeipbia for the following tzformation, which witl be found of interest to all engaged in inh trade : -ANI4H, CONCULATHS Oru PRTLAneuraia, Jan ad, 1266, $ Tariff of the sanitary duties to be exacted’ in the ‘ports and lazaretios of Spain, from the let of January, 1866 :— ‘Entrance and Clearance Duties —Vesuels in the conating trade, of more than, twenty tons, wil pay 25 contimos of real (1X cents) per Weasels trom the ports of the Med pean ports, Including the coast of Africa, latitude Of the Canary Islands, will pay 60 o:ntimos of real (2% centa) per ton. ‘Vesvels from other places will pay one real (5 cents) Cee Aro uti Vemeela of ail clugeee will poy ae, os timoe ot real (1'4 cente) per ton forever day of quarantine in tog purification iazarettos, ag well as in those of observation, ‘Lacarrtio Dutica.—Fvery person wi'l pay 4 reals (2) cenis) per day for residence in the iazarotto. ‘Ibe goods that are to be purified wil! be charged for the "The baggage and effects of each of the grew, 5 reais(25 10). “The of each passenger, 10 reals (0 cents), Tides, 6 reals (00 cents) per 100, Fipe whsns, § roala poate, 2Or HA treus. eats) por 100. goat's hair, hatr, wool. rags, cotton, hemp ead Fe Marae live siimaly, rusk ‘aa ote mules, Ac, 6 cons (@ Dafa he bat tines the existing repitations or poseimle facilis; oy ao expense Wit be ioeurred Perscns who pertorm quarentise will de frty their own expenses. as the & real 0 coat Gai7,oxacted ‘ol every one, are only a charge conttaieg Mapa, etre Arr at Maurtilus Ney 2, bark Active, of Raton, board ta, roe, Hombre Phi callin etew anys toersise a shore bbie >I iS Iu Nov 30, Mary Gardner. op. Repcris m Uctotsk Soa about ma I+ of Oat, ‘port 1800 wh. The Mary Gardoer will crates homeward after efitang Ly ae LG Pray Oct 25, Mary Ana, Macomber, NB, fer cos: ica. Beard from Oct 29, no lat, &c, Pracces Henrietta, Drew, MB, clean, apoken, de. Ship Helen Cooper, {rr1n Newport, W, for NOrieana, Jam 8. off Tortugas. ‘ark boilde, 46 day from Merseilles for SOrloans, was aig n ‘no date, off the island of Uuscaloupe. (Brg Daniel Webster, trom Otectuexos for New York, Jan 8, Ut antonio Ofpehe Aume Box, Winipenpy: 87-duy:: from Mobtio for: Bas. ap, ih oan of most of enti, meaing, for Ubarieston, Jam 1s, 5. tom 7 Lehr WB ogawell, srparer iy froma southern port Jan 45 wies BE ot Sandy —By siewmtug Screamer, Ge ; tw no other vessels.) o Dt J Ln por bark Mary PO ATEACOAT COB, = arvey, Bor ‘i foe Niturk lo deve, trig E Byber, Beni, for Boston wad Canpzxas, wbt Jan 10—In port brig Elberta, Hichbora, tor a NYok bg. Fuchson, Guccnsiown fund wnce apouao, 80 tena Su Eee Raskage leah y; brig en—s00 Whalemen. ante. Jen 2-3 ehip Arlingion, Beattie (ate Addin eaua, Dec 21m port brig Mary Emly, Bowns, wig. Going tn_brigs Dunbar, and Adelphi, Brower, tr on N Verte wi 3 wo. within @ day or 80); and as betore. Sr Hxiena, Dec 3~In port echr Oxforé, Johnson, hence, fer W Cof africe rext Bumarna, Sept 27 (Pee Sreausnir Baurio.} Anrwenr, Jan7—Arr Bicherd Morse, Dinamore, NOrieans, Sid lh Moro Canile, lover, Hs foro C1 BuBMERnAa tth Meteor, sa 19—Arr Sirena, Jarrasha NOrieans; Pitiess, lugar, Charieslon:. 224, Tine, do; Neptuno, ao) ait, Isabel, Berdrich, NOrieans::Carmelita, Com, stom; 24th, Vestal, Mil et do Botla, NUrleana Paquet do Masinzan, Garrigo, Charleston; 26th, Begunds Deyna, Liovecas, do; 27th, Plencia, Goya, NOrieans. Batavia, Nov 4—Sid Elen Noyes, Meacom, Sourabaya; 7th, Charles Beimes, Bowlby. do Bristow, Jan igpined Livht, Boyd, NOr‘eans, Bid trom the Pill Sth Sir Bh Smith, Mobile. qabkactty Hap, Jan 10 - Off, bark Brothers, Gooch, from Wow. Canpirr, JanS—rlé Washington, Anderson, Malaga; Fear: Jess, Milton, NYork. Bice ie em fee ant Noa ; Dencanne, Jon &—ci Montrose, Abelin, from Gotleaberg for NOrleans. GRrENocK, Jan 6—Sid, Robert Hastie, Ritchie, Boston. JOTRENDUKG, Jan 1—Arr Virginia And, Wiley, Chirteston. Gtascow. Jan 9—Sid New ton, N York. turges, Charleston. sf ‘Bid 6th, Coutllard, NYock; 9b. Aitica, Chase, NOrieans. Connecticut, . ; Sele. TvERPOO Jan 10—Arr Geo A Hopley, Maloney, Uharies- LivEKPOOL, ton. Elbing, Golick, NYork; Gondar, Mitobe'l (or Michael, Charleston fe ‘ “Sid 7th Martha Whitmore, Whitmore, NOrieans; b a Kresisior, Hadiey, NYork, reland. leans; ralda, M’Manus, New Orleans; and Jacob A Westervel 8 ver Cardia fn Mobile and put back; Pollo (om wets oN), NOrleans. fees’ Jan 6 Daws, Boston: Bealls egletens, td Vola Sowa Bork, Ba, Bllon Morrison a A in . ‘ork. ‘usiena, Dog a ystery, ayiot, Malaga; Goy Brown Benes Baie Wild Wave, Barton, Londen; Jam le. "Randall, 8m; yrna; 26th, Arlington, (late me), rap oe ‘Dee Mist, Pride of the Ocean, Kyle, London; 25th, Willss ‘Smyrna Kerr, NOvioans; Guana ‘Canvass iitahire, James, Chariostom. AGON A, Deo 20- Weston, NYork; 224, Vie Price, Harding, d¢ lo. abont Ist, Lepanto, Sumatra, to load & LY ginia TRIESTE, Jan —S) return. In port 4th, bark Titanls, for NYork. jan 8—Capt Webb, of the American, bark 8 ence, of New York, for this ‘port, reports Nailed (ros ‘and’ cotton. Nothing par when, at 6 A} moing about froo ‘on the star Purwocrs, Jan 9—The new screw steamship Belgique, whid ieft Antwerp on the 3th of December, and Bout Sunday , with passengers and Belgien mails for Nev | Plymouth disabled, yesterday afer Zoom? "She got an fat/as 90 tion west of the Lizard on y . Sb afterboon at o'clock. when it was found that there were 1 GoraxxnuxG, Jan 1—The American shi ley, from Charleston for this port, took the ground ‘Beacon, but was off, and arrived here Cork, Jan 6—The Angela, Arian, from Liverpool for Palle deh; ., sprung aleak when in about lat 44 to 45, lon 19 to If having ¢ncountered severe weather and NW aid SW gaiec ship labo severely, and pumps consiantly ering. whe Capt Ariaan found it neseeeary'to bear up for this, bemg th nearest port. Gatway, Jan 6—The ship John Fyfe arrived in our road last night from Callao, via Queenstown; 88 dava to Queenstown) ‘and 2 hours trom thence; experienced heavy weather the la’ a very ter part of the ), but trifling damage. Thi hip drawing over 19 fect water, the ‘Cork pilot made’ rathe bold in round! Jan. L tal sori cease ogee le s00n ut any apparent 'r Jury’and came to anchor in the roadstead ge Home Ports, BOSTON, Jan 2—Arr echr Mitche! with an anchor and chain from sh{p Irene. Harriman, Peru; American Lass vana; bork Moneynick, Smith, Charleston ton, Belize, Hou; AM Roberts, Colson, Trinidad; schr Julia Ann, Harding, pind NW, mi A wrenes, EF Chae; bri |; barks Race Horse, Itagea, Marshfield, chored yesterday), Baron, de Castine: schrs Agate, Bark Abagun and chr BtLeon sid yestsndry. Tor Id eld on Saturday last, ' BALTIMOBE, Jan 23—Off Jandy Polnt, sehr Emily Kor: —, ‘Attakapas; the river is entirely clear of ice belov the Fort. Bark Daniel Webster, brig Seguin, sehre Louisang last wi “ Point Shir'ey ld ships Mar (Sr), McKellar, His Kolus, Koow Aganog others, went down river on Monds w DEEK ISLE, Jan 15—Sid_schr Emptre, Marshall (fror Frankford st Grok, ta Port 16th, schr tas} Ann, Reed, {ror Calais tor NYork. EDGARTOWN, Jan 21—Arr brig Geo F Williams, Hutchir son, Cardenas for Pat in short of visions. Lor deck Jond to the souchward of Guilt Stream. the @ F W haa been off duty for 10 days, owiug to am injury ceived on shipping a sea, which threw a piece of lumber again bisleg. Hi doing well. HOLMAS HOLE, Jan 2, PM—Arr brig Braman, Pairchte Para, a schrs Christopher Pendleton, Tanner, Harper, Pav /| t UB rev cutter . No arrival. Sid brigs Ava, Henry Mathews, Orizabe Braman achr * Speedwell, Isabeli, splendid, Martha, Sama: rt 8 AM, wind WNW, bark Warren Hallett; schrs Arv torus Ariadne, aod Helen Mar, repg; U 5 revenue cutter Je Campbell. (CHPORT, Ji 5:50 PM—A: WARW R brag he hing tr this morning sob BW , MOBILE, Jan 16— Art schr Adelaide, Clark, Baltimore. C1 bark T &J (Br), Coffin, Glasgow; schrs Tempier, Crawfor and Fonirore, inslow, Providence. NEW ORLEANS, Jan 15, PM—Arr ships Lebanon. Wamiltor NYork; Saline (Ham), Har son, Hamburg; Corinthian, Slate Bremen; Horwon, Reed, Liverpool; John Dunean (Br) Kit ney, Liverpool, schr Enoch French,’ Lewis, NYork. - Below. Conitng up ship Oliver Putman, Smith, trom La 1; 7 ah and 2 barke—names unknown. Old ships suffolk, Kdwart Boston; Westminster, Hiltz. NYork; John Bunyan, Ni ; sot, Dison, NYork; Tulske (Brom ark Lowell, Edward, Falmouth, Jt a Philadelphia; Span’ polacre Pep! 16th, AM—Agr ships R D Shepherd, Hamilton, Liverpoo Dickman, ; bark AD Euxine (Br), Winder, do; Callender, i tagon (Br), Benson, do; b D Lane, Gardner, NY ‘Towed to sea 10th, barks Beatrice, Jowephina; 11th sbiy A antic and bark Bisel; 12h, ship DH Waijen, Oroondaie Houghton 14th bark. Jenny Lind, |, Jan ‘Arr sl ‘rances Arthemin Grant, Jecksouville; ia, doop Gesrmana Bhopherd, W Tor (has been frozen in at Throga’s Point 14 days, and lowt one 9 chor and chain by drifiing ice.) FROVIDENCK, Jan 28--Arr propeller Osceola, Aldric &nd sehr Rose in Bloom, Coleman, sYork Bld shina & kPa ker, Buckminster, of and for Norfolk; star, Nickerson, Phit elphis. PORTLAND, Jan 22~Cld ship Pepporell. Jordan, NO Jeans; brigs Gov Brock, Mitchell, st Jago; Castilian, Pindar Cardenas. Sid barks Jobn Grifin, Lovina katon; brigs Th Connor, K Baldwin, sobrs 8 D Notion, P Glikey. WILMIAGION, NO, Jan 2-—Arr brig Bil ow, Smith, Me homes; sohr WHSmith, slaen, ‘NY¥ork. tinigue, via St T i alet, Cte Bomes, Hartley, Trinidad, scare Yns'ea, NOcicnaa, (oda Buren, N York,