The New York Herald Newspaper, January 25, 1856, Page 2

‘@miten the Grand Cordon of the Legion of Hoacr. The e@remony took place with great pomp. Turkey ws becom- fag ctvilieed. The Turkish government has actually seed » report on Turkish finance and the wants of the Decret. ‘The Roman Catholic bishops in Austria are coming it stwong since the pubMeation of the concordat. It is saarcely crecivle that such « circu'ar as that recently is- sued by the Archbishop of Milan is priatei tm the nine- teenth century. I enclose it tor your perusal. Jerny Linc is the only bright star we have in London at the present moment. Some sensation has been created in dramatic circles by Smstth, the lessee of Drury Lane theatre, refasing to allow Charles Mathews to play at Windsor Castle, at the Queen’s eommand. His reasons are that the Queen and Court pever come to his theatre, and that the small annualsum fer the royal box has been withdrawn, and that he loses mopey whenever his actors are taken away to play at Windsor. Commercial matters are blank. THE WAR. THE WAR IN THE CRIMEA. BANDING OF BUSSIANS IN SOUTH SEBASTOPOL— TBEIR ADVENTURES IN THE ALLIED CAMP—DE- SPATCHES FROM GENERAL OODKINGTON AND MAR- SHAL PELISSIER. ‘The Invalude Russe of the 1st of January, publishes an extract from Pree Gortschatoff’s diary of operations feem the 5th to tbe 16tH of December. It says:— In thie space of time nothing particular has oc yurred im the Crimea, except some reconnoissances and outpost skirmishes. Thus, to ascertain as far as possible the position and works of the enemy on ihe south side of Ssbastcpol, a seop and th:ee boats, under the command of Lieutenant Do'geif were sent on the night between 5:h and 6th Le- eember towsrcs the South Bay. That bolg cfficer, leaviog tie deats which brought him Derween the Paul battery and the Woronzoff roads and qnay, tanced near the crane accompanied by Ens'go ewrolkoff Quartermaster Stepsnolf, and toe palot Mix- Bsitoff. Trence he advances as far as the docks ; buy at rt distacce from the #ood yurd be came upon a decarde of the enemy mtticg round a fire, where. eveturned to The sidop, Avo by tempt to land ‘a tbe centre of the drioge of South Bay eiso tailed, Af er these two attempts, our men took the sireetion of the New Aomirelty, and landed near the Marson Casén-ge. They came upon @ eentine!, wom Quacte:- meeer S'epancff telled to the ground, bat a general aleem was spreno among the enemys, and they were com- pebed to beat a retreat. They limived themee vos w a Teeoppnissenes of the side of the bay, Desoite the dark- Bess, they were euabled to ascertain that the allies o- eupy ‘he Oc admiralty with copsicerabie foress, as also the houses ard cow'iguous magazines, Feom the sioute @ the cer tivels it was ascertained tuat ths shore of South Bay is guardea by tbe English, GENERAL CODRINGTON’S DESPATCH. SkuasTorOL Dee. 27, 1856. To Lorp Paxxvee—Your lordsnip has reterred in seve- yal de-parches to drurkenness in this army. Reports of all sor seem to bave been circulated, statemeats mate, descriptions xead, untilit was apparentiy believed that this army was composed of drunkards, and immersed ia riot and vice. I took the opportunity of expressing myself strongly to your lord hip, that this would prove not to be the ‘trur Tnow state, incord ation of this optnion, that re- furns are in my poseass.on, trom every regiment, of all oases of drunkenness triea by Court Martial. as well as ‘th se setcled at the regimental orderly rooms,for 3 months —September, October and November. It was durtu; thi time that arrears of field all wance—more than £2 each man—were received as back pay, besiaes ten thous- gnd men receiving additional working pay; and yet, the reeult is, that, inclvdiog artillery, sepoecs and iufaatry the number of craves of drunkenness—and these are many more then the men drunk—is a little above pe man in two days, per company, estimated at 100 men. No coubt there are many facilities in all these open and @row ed camps for drupken men to get in wichout being ween. Toey do 8, and escape observation. But sup; swe donble or triple the amount of chese numbers, wilich are taken from officinl returns, and I suspect tae army will bear 4 comparison with many towns, many villazes, many populatiou of Great Britain. Iv is easy to give—it is as easy to read, a minute, a Tudisrous, or even a filthy description of a druaxen man, end it seems seized upon as & type of the whole The fathers and mothcrs, and wives. and sisters, ia England, are fully persuaded we do nothing but criok, ana the goed cbursc’er of tLe army is forgotten in a few sketches from ature. Toat ruch nerd not be the case with those who know anytbing about che matter, will, 1 think, be proved by the statements now mate to your lords»ip. W. J. CODRING (ON, General Commanding. DESPATCH FROM MARSHAL PELISSIER. Smuastoron, Dec 28, 1855. Micister of War—I have tne Bonor wo send you am uceount ot anew coup de main et jected by the volunteers of D’Anvernarre’s division, in the night, becween the 26th and 27th Deermber. Baving received informatim that a past of 80 soldiers of ube smolensk regiment, and 20 Cossacks, was esta o- hhahec on a hill situate: at 500 metres distance from the Cardovne-Beil ri¢ge, Gen. d’Autemarre gave permission to Lieut. Col. Lacrateile to make gn attempt to carry the ‘ition wich two compames of skirmishers added t> our Tre stippery if the ground, from the frost, nearly proved an obstacle to tne enterprise; never- theless it suecveced. Kightern Russians were payonetad while attempt ng to ceiend themselves, and eighteen others were made prisoners. Tae Cossacks, excepting Moysrevk 1 MAkECHA) two who were captured, had falien back the previous evening on Kobley. Our men brought back 23 weapons. ‘The cfhicer in command of tie outpost was killec, We hac neither kied nor wounded. Captains Nehlsk directed the coup. PELIS SWEDEN AND DENMARK. RUSSIAN INTERESTS—THE KING OF DENMARK'S MARRIAGE—IMPORTANT SWEDISH CIRCULAR. A etter from Copenhagen, dated Jan. 5, ways :— The conterences of the Sundzoll opened yesterday. M. Tengodoasky, the representative of Rassin tok his place not far from the Ministers of France ani England. That 1s al! that is known of the first sitting, which, besides, at- ‘tracta very litt e attention. The great news of the day is the letters patent of the King to the President of the Council of Ministers, by which his Majesty, ‘considering as not very proper the mience cf the Court Calendar on cis morganatic marrige, eomcluced on August 7, 1£60, with Madame Louise Chris tine, Coonte-s Danner,” orders the same minister to hhave an announc-ment to that effect made in the publi- cation in question. There is now. consequently, no further don bt possible for even the most increculous as to tae merriage ailnded to. The letters patent are consti tutrovaily s gned by M. de Scheele, Mizister ot the roy household. ‘The following is a translation of the cirenlar addressed by Baron Stierneld, the Swedich Minister of Foreign At- fairs, on ‘he 18th uit., to ell Swedish envoys, respecting the recent treaty with the Weatern Powars :— Sir—My last letter bears date ‘ ‘The dixes'rous struggle which still continues between Rossia and the Wesvern Powers has been in its origin es in its developement the source of the most serious reflec- tions tothe govervment of the King. The more the -trug- gle gained inextent, the nearer the inconven\ oor of ‘war appreackea our shores, the more hd we t consider the dangers it might upon ourselves, From the commencement of hostilities the Kiog openly declared the line of action he interced to follow, snd during the course of now nearly to years his Majesty never devi- sted therefrom, for he had’ carefully weigned the po itioal eireumrtances, and resognised that the interest and tranquility of his king: om findicated the line of conduct which in conce't with his august neighbor the Xing of Denmark, he hed adopted, svc hitherto maiatained. But, white observing the regulations of 4 strict aeucrali- ty, the King could not do otrerwise than consult the Jeesons of the past, and apply them with wise foresigat o the futore interest of nis kingdoms, the safety of which is his first duty and the odject of his most ardent wishes, ‘Apprehensions for the future, founded upon remem- Drances too well known to need repetition, and enter ‘tained by the odstacies made by Russis to a satisfactory regulation of the border relations in the northern pro- vinces, were increased still more by the manifestation of ideas of encroachment of that empire in the East. Under other more favorable circumstances those ideas might obtain a developement in the north which would be of & wature to cause ue serious embarrassment. France ard Fngiand having proposed to his Majesty's a defensive treaty of alliance, destined to sasure the integrity of the united kingdoms, the King felt that it was hix day eagerly to accept’a gurantee the utilty of which Is as patent as it is incontestable. No one can say wat even- tual contingencies are not hidden in the worab of the fature, and in sueh difficult cireumstances ax the present it ix the outy of every scvereign to look after the main- tenance of the independence and to insure the welfare of the nations intrusted to bis care by Providense. It was ‘MH ‘thie idea that the treaty was cousiuded on of last moth at Stockholm between the united kingdéme on the one hand and France and Eng- jand on the other, the text of whieh you will find an nexed to the present, and which was ratified at Srock- helm on the 20th, at London on the 29th, and at Paris on the 28th of the same month. Desircus that this act should be brongbt to the know- the friendly snd ailied governments, the King ed » copy of it to be kent to you, to be commu to the government to which you have the accredited. ‘You will observe, eir, that the terms of the treaty are to admit of any mistnterpretation. The alli. ance which has jon teed ‘conemnéed i we defensive one; it pend x) usin to proven’ ‘application, a# ‘this would net ooour unless caused by an ression on her part. Let Russia respect our righta—let her cease ‘to inspire just cause of alarm fr the maintenance of the Dalance of ‘power in Europe—aud this treaty will not be of any prejudice to her. You will also observe, sir, that The treaty doen not imply any change im our actual po eltion—our declaration of neutrality still aubelats, and ‘will continue to be adhered to, as has hitherto been the are, I fattor myself with the hope that the government will rendér justice the intentions which have animated E ‘a that it will be convinc- Hi ae | i? ‘tions, the only thought of anticipating eventuali- Kote be the source of fature ones. has also been communicated to STIERNELD. juary 1 of this 4 year be imported ate duty of one reich _ pound of the staple weight, aod the same rate of duty certain sorts of cart iron, such pig and ballest iron, eannons and mortars (unstamp- and unbored,) iron plates of more than 1 Tb, ship’s ype 3 three eigats 0’ an thiek tei A wont team tole tadlite widesale™a fatare t be exported duty free. RUSSIA’S REPLY TO THE NEGOTIATORS. PROGRESS OF THE WESTERN ALLIES WITH AUSTRIA. {From the London Glove, Jap. 11.) If, as appears probeble, the reply of dussia cota asice the Austrian proposals for peace, the text of those pro- portions affords a very simple and intelligible measure of the progress which ‘he ailies bave made in extending their own beneficis! tr and in the: ed A po IE mm advance upon to: re which the ailies ‘aid betore the conference at Vienna im April last, and heir provisions e@mbooy the eq ivaients of the jations whicn tne allies pave mace by arms. We puniiened the text yeater- day; 1t will be found that the five propositions in brief are ihere:— 1. Compiate abolinon of the Russian protecto- rate over the Princtpalities; to pent oe be gaat 1 ld Gition, respecting w! popwstion wou! be corsulted ; iach coustitution to emanste from the initiative of the Sultan, with the cognizance of the Powers. A rectification of the Russian fronti:r with Eu- ropean Turkey, following the line of mountains from Chotym to Lake Sasik, completely removing the boucdary backward (rom the Daouve. 2. Surrender ct the Danubs mouth to a Syndicate, rep- resenting the European governments. 3. Neutralization of the Black Sea, by cloning it against oll armed sips. opening it to al merchant ships; naval arrenale ing veither construoted nor maintained. A vaval police to be maintained by Russia aad Parkey un- Oe epara e convention, but with the cognizance of the Powers. 4. New securities and guarantees for the religious and y Olitical rights of be Christian subjects ot the l'arte, to te granted by the sultan om deiberation with Austria, France ard Great Brotsip., Russia to be invited, after the peace, tu join in tute deliowrations, 6. Rich’ reserved to the beliigerent Powers to bring forward particular conditions beyond the four guaran- ees. We have numbered these propositions in accordance with te iexe; but it will be observed that they ac- {usdip smount 'to siz inswad of sive, comprising dive Quaraviees instead of foor. fThe firs: article contains two guarantecs—the release of the Principalities from the Russian protectorave, and the cession of territory re- meovirg the Russian’ boundary from the Danube. The vbird article makes a certain concession to Russia, im ad- mitriog that the convention for settiiug the naval strength cf the two States ehall be @ seoarate conven- tion; but it sdreres to the proposition advanced by Aus. tit in Mey in 00 iging that reparsie convention to be concludea with the cognizance of the allied Powers; and iv goes beyond that proyo-al of May, tn stivulatiag that this eopvention shalt be neither aonulled nor modi- fied without the assent cf all the -igai anes to the general trea'y. ‘The fourth article also ia: fcates # step iD #vance, since the poiitival as weil as rel.givus rights of ibe Chris tun sucjests have come in que tion. We do potexpect that Rurria will socede to Lbee articles, soe cificai y because they comprise thet conditioa with res- fect 16 a eeparate convention which Russia, iu the efrea- Jar of December last, has dis'iactly anticipated by a re- furs); but they preverve all their importance as indica of the rights which the allies bold tuem-e.ves to seqaired oy the euccessful campaign of las year, ‘be rgh.s whick they have resolved to sabstantiate Suro] ® for Eveu of Russia had not anticipated that pacticalar con- dition, we shoula scarcely nave expested her asrent to the most important addition ia the presen’ propositions, the retreat of the Russian boundary ; since that sti- alaticn conforms too exactly to the real position of ussis for her to accept it. It ia placed upon the just grourd tbat the ailies oecnpy the strougholds and territories of the enemy, and the retoration of these strongholds and territories would be the equivalent tor that cession wiich Russia 1s ealied upon to make; bu’ the Caars who suppose thewseives to inherit the powers and fortunes of Pever ur Ostheriue, as wed aa the will’ aad bined of those sovereigns, have hitherto been swayed by ind pride; and hence Rnssia is likely to refuse the new condition precisely because her position witl oompel her toconcede it. Her position 19 @ tact; bat from all that appears to indfeate the epint rerlding in St. Petersourg, Rossia is not vet prepared to recogaise, perhaps uot to perceive, the fact. There ‘conditicns, we say, comprise much more gain for Europe than will be seen ona hasty perusal. They Gescribe # completely changed relation of thr European governments in relerepce 0 Russia and the East. Our government. in common with that of France, has borne with patience the reprosches at the comparatively slow esmpaignitg on the northern side of Russia. The complain's and the reproaches were natural in tue sub- jects of gic! countries conscious of their owa inherent power; apc ‘bey have caore. us aatistaction ratoer than the reverse, since they indicates the national spirit ant the exergy upon which the goveroment ot ti is country, as weil as ot France could zely m case of need. When Enghisbxen cumplained thet their govecament cid not speak peremptorily epough. cid not fight fas’ enough, did not use largely and repidly enough the mi'itary re- sources ot this country, we hailed that proof of nstiona! spirit, and telt that ti¢ government still haa behiad ft vast reserves anxions only to come to the van. It was forgotien by those who complained that the statesmen of thir country bad to cv nduct another series of 2c ions be- sides thore Op the field or #tioat; they nave bad to cwndact @ political contest—‘o carry on, without losing « single ad vantage, x progressive change in their relations with tue buropesn governments, They had to make poli izal con- quests exactly parallel to the wiitary conqueste. Toe latter covla be published in the Gazetie, while the politi- cal conquests necessarily required more tine to ne dis- closed, in order that they migur be formally terminated In the fourth article we tind the Suitan villtngly eater- ing upon aa entirely rew cource of action, to givz poll. cal es well ag reigious rights to his sudjects. Tais is not an arbitrary dictate from the Western Powers siaoly be- caure they bave the oppotanity. It arises nacurally from the ‘acts, During the present conflict the Pore bas bad cc asion to try te loyalty of itg Caristiag sub- jects. those races have bad the opportguity of perceiv- ing that their best prospects he im ideatify ing cormselves wih he geverai low of Prope; and in asseuting to the fourth arucie and the provisions thense arising, {the Sul- tan will not make ary concessions of his independence. Op the contrary, he witl secue fur himself » dignity and power by idénti'ying himself with the system ot the Contivent, end consifiting himeelf thus the sovereign over # State of increased strength and independence. But who csn fail to perceive in these facta the progress which the Ailles have already conquered for political and religious civilization in the Eaut. There is no doubt that in the aetnal posilion of the Al- Yied forces, and in the acquisitions that they have made, they have obtuined the means of calling upon Sussia to craw back her boundary. That boundary, there‘ore, that has been during the present century constantly ad- vancing cpt n the rest of Europe, is now Dot only sheoked, but must give back. Instead of being the predominant Power in the Biack Sea, Russia is called upon to consent to leave that -ea vacant of warlike navies. The grest portal of Central ane Eastern Kurope—the Danubde—is to de paced in a pomtion that wid sesure its pacfert freecom and neutrality. We couple the eT-ctusl ar- rangement thus proposed with the exrension of social im- mubi-iee granted by Austria to her Hungarian eubjests even since 1848, and with the extension of railweys in Hurgery, snd with the consequent increase to the pro- ductive power of thar kingdom. The provinces thst lie lower on the Menube cannot but feel he impulse trom the commerce that will pass throogh them, in addition to the improvements t! ey have already un‘ergone, dere. then, is n vast bighway of trade, with ils freedom nely guaranteed ard che productive powers of whtch ic is the Outlet newly stimulated. Already Turkey has aide’ con- NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, It is not without s certain meaning thatthe Abeffle du Nord gives to-day, under @ dramatic ferm, the de- scription of @ sclemt national which took place in 1814, sndio which Alexander I. was put forth a the saviour of Europe, Burape belng represent: ed by o female figure, who fiogs herwif into the arms of him who saved her. The same j>urnal informs us that the kmperor thanks the nobiuty of Esthonia tor the 12,000 roubles they bave contribu‘ed to improve ‘the food of the troops in that provinces. In order that you should the better appreciate the impo publication and che gift, you must bear inmind that thee troops belong in great part to the Imperis! Guard, which ig the best fed corps in the service. What, then, is the tort of food given to the troope of the lim in garrison 100 Yeugues from the capital? An eye-witness mentioned to me the following fact:—'‘While the last summer at Riga at a person’s house in ten soldiers were billeted, who were employed on the works o' the fortress, we heard one day one of there men offering his ration of sweetmeats an The offer was received with laugh- ter, at the such delicacies furnished to the soldiers by it. waa derired wo show, and, un! civat, he exhibited to The bis mili the eyes of all a piece of eed as tise tar, and mixed with ashes and sand, and said, ironieally, “Hore are my sweetmeata—the sweetneats that are given tous.” The bystanders gave htm some kopecks, which he reoeived, bowing to the earth. THE NEXT CAMPAIGN—MILITARY PECULATION. [Correspon: ence o' Loodon timex.) ‘Sr. Parmnspura, Dec. 20, 1855. The momentous deliberations waich have been carried on bere for the purpose of eetling the plan of the futue campaign way be looked on now as closed. I is a pre sumption for which, however, I have very excelent grocnés, that ivis intended, in case ancther campaign should be opened there, to give up the Crimea entirely, end ooresntrate the entire power of resistance on other points; for it is as littie overlooked here aa provabyy in the rest of Europe tbat the p’ans of the Alties for ney: spring poitt toa removal of he theatre otwar. We bereve even that, quite sub rosd removal of the theatre of wst is being alreacy prepared for, and that 8 portion of the tro the oa have alreacy recei orders to wards upon tbe great central army, WHYTs, at the apate time, another por fon ia destined to reinforee the tr ups ix the Cauessus. Aceordivg to ell that {can bear, it seems alao to be intexded, with the greawst enfrgy, and even in conrre of this winter, to fortify, s8 far ae it is pow sible, the entire north coast 0? the Bay of Finland, from Abo bp to Wyborg; ard behiud these fines to concentrate the (lite of :be troops, viz.:—three divisions of Guards and tke 1st infantry corps, s9 8 to be prepared for avy attemp's that might be made on this side with a proba- dle view to sn attack on the capital. Thece resolutions, which are spoken of freely and open- ly in eircles whict at other times seldom trouble \hem- relves with the political pians of the government, pro. duee, as way well be ruppered, no little agitation among the populativp, holcing out as they 40 the near pros soot of: oon paving ‘the whole ¢in of war in our nearest neigh- dorbvod. Since the retarn of the Emperor from the Crimea a rigcrovs degree ot severity is evidenced in the :reatment ofall persons who ia apy way heve been guilty of any want of integrity in the mi itary administration, so that one is Jed to the conclusion that the personal observa- viens mace by bis Mujesty during his late trip mast have given sise to this rigor. ‘The Staff Captain Susia, who had been guilty of peculations in his capacity of inspector of the military horpital at Kowno, bas been deprivea of his rank, ).is orders and bis nobility, and degraded to the ranks. Lieutenant General Zadonskt, whose name was frequen‘ly mentioned in connection with the capture ot the fortress of Kinburn, is dead; and a certain myste- rious obseuri'y seems to envelope the circumstances at- tencing his Geath, which I bave not been ab:e to pene trate. Lieutenant General Suchcsanet, who was also summoned hiiber to attend the great military counci has already set off from here, on his return to 1 Crimea. TERMINATION OF THE GRAND COUNCIL OF WAR IN S8T. PETERSBURG— OFFICIAL PROMOTIONS—THE NA- VAL SERVICE. [Correspondence of the London News.] Sr. PererspcrG, Jan. 3, 1856. The great council of war is concluded, and from whet has trepspired on the subject it appears that the Rus sian tacties for the approaching campaign have uncer- gone some importent modifications, Various orders sent off ticm headquarters would seem to indicate the resvlu- tion to abandon the Crimes alt-gather, for a part of the troops are dirested to march to the Caucasus to reinforce the corps of General Mouravieff, whilst others have or. ders to jcin the grand army of the centre, under General Paniutine. ‘There can be no dcubt that the Russians fully expect that the principal theatre of war will be transferred in the spring frem the South to the Baltic, and preoacations are maki.g for a vigorous defence of their line of coust. Notwithstanding the ex reme severity uf the winter, orders have deen given for the immediate erection of a chain of turtificat‘ons on the northern coast ot the Guif of Finland, exiesding from Abo ap to Wyborg. Behind this line the crack troops are to be con:entrated —bamely, three civisions of the Imperia) Guard and the first mantry corps—so as to be prepared to sustsin the first shock iha: may be made by the enemy in that quar- ter, with the view of possibly marching to St. Peteraburz. The successor of Privy Counciior Labencky has not yet been appoined. It is generally expected that M. de Foxton will receive the appointment, which is one of great imvortance, as the holder must necessartly be in the most unlimited confidence both of the Emperor and Count Nerseirode. M. de Fonton is a ciplomatist of gieat experience. having been formerly empioyed in the Rus- sia ¢mcassies at Paris, Vienna and Coustantinople, and was latterly at the head of the mission to the Court of Hanover, irom whence he was lately reca!led to uncer- take, provisionally, the cuties of M. de Labensky, who ¢ied suddenly a couple of months sinve. Colone: Furubjelm, formerly side-de-camp of General Bociseo, commandant of the Alaod Ie’ands, and who had been 6 elved ever since the capture of Bomarsund, hae been reinstated in the imperial favor, acd is appointed military Governor cf a Province in Finland. After aw sudience of the Czar he left this city yostercay tor new reat of government. He is a native of Finland, aad well acquainied with the resources and requireaents of that grand Cushy. be late civcular of the High Admiral Grand Duke Con- stantine to the naval departments not to suppress the ieuth in official returns, mor endeavor to covceas defects and mismanagement, is a) very wellas far as it goes, but it ig general'y expected will have no beneficis! practical result. Every branch of the administration is cavsted on in the seme way, aud no one short of a second Her- cules would beable to clear tbis Augean etable. The whole system must, moreover, be ged; for it is quite ridicalous to expect an officer of rank to ive 12 an expensive style on @ pittance of s salary in many ia- stances not amountirg to more than £100 « year. Every day brings to light fresh instances of peculation and frand amongst officials of rank. ‘Thur #e find in this day’s number of the Marine Journal the sentence of a court martial held on an ‘ interdant” or storekeeper. general of the navy, by which he is degraded to the ranks ot tbe common sailors, “for proved counivance in the fal- sification of cocuments, and purposely making incorree: returns of ¢tores on hand and received by him,”? ADDRESS TO THE CZAR, FROM MOBCOW. The Emperor having received an address ot congratula- tion from the inhabitants of Moscow, replied as follows to the Governcr of that oity:— unt Arséne Anireecvitsch—It is with sinoere katis- faction that I have received your letter of the 17th of Trcember. It is a pleasure to me to thauk yon, ax al-o the inhubitants of Moscow, ‘or the sen'iments of fidelity which son exprese to me, and which my very tear parents have taught me to believe. Your sincerely ailectioonte ALEXANDER, LETTER FROM THE EMPRESE. The Jowmnal ve St. Peterstourg of the 30 inat., pnblished the following letter from the Empress Marie Aléxandrovna to Count Michel Wielhorslei :— siderably in extending freedom of commerce: by these als the Black fea will te secuved against the in- terruptions of wer; and these oouceasions, we repeat, are dve to the uctual acquisitions of the Alles. In the North, indeed, athough we have been compel- Jed to reaintain seme reserve upon the su yjeet, the poil'i- col sequisitions of the allies have even aniapated their miliary blows. Weneed scarcely print to the circular from Sweden, which we publicm ins day, as @ proof of the heartiness wih which ‘hat ally has joined the West- cn Powers. These propeeals matk the closer relations which Austria bas sought with tho eame Powers. If Rossin were to accept that peace, which wonld be her best rereue at ibe present moment, the condi ions must be such ae would be, in their moral effect st least, as beneficial to commerce in the Baltic as in the Black Sea: should she refuse, the sane spirit whict bas animated the Western Powers in the Fast must sotmate them in the North, and every etep in advance of tueir united flags will constiinte a new weqnisition for the necusity of Ea- rope aut the flee exten-iom of commerce. INTERESTING FROM R TA. THE P&TERPAVY MIfSiON—VORTIFICATIONS ON THE COAST OF PINLAND—OMITUARY—THE DRAMA. (Cor: espondence oi London News. } Sr. Perenencns, Dee. 80, 18655, Since the arrival of Count Esterhazy, on the 2: veral conferences hove taken place, The Count called first on M. de Nesselrode, and the foliowing morning M. de Fevisvin paid @ virit tothe Aurtrian Minister. We are all curious to know what will be the result of this new step en the part of Austria; bat the more violen* will aot givecrodit1o the rumors of conerasions which certain high persoroges seemed dtspesed to make. The Adler- dergs, the Uiloffs and the Mensebikoffs (the latver thinks he may postpere his deparrure for Cronstadt) attend every cny in the Cabinet of the Emperor, who generally receives them Ineompany with bis brothers. The Grand uke Michuel is oeeapied with the s«nperia- tercence of the preparations for strengthening ine forti- fleativar on the const of Finland, Count Nesselrode often sees the Grand Duke Conatan- tine, ana it i said thar the narmony which mow aopesrs to (exist between the purties which divide the Court ia dre to the influence of the Empress Marie aad to that of the sister cf the Inte Renperor. I would not discon: those who are bar yed np with hopes of peace. yet [ must ray that, im the opinion of wone whom I know to be well informed, we aro atill jar from being agreed on tne essential points, Im the eyes of Russia the Black Sea is ewencally a Rassian lake, and she considers ican immense eoncession to ad- mit Turkey, thovgu with territory on iva coast, to discuss the condi.icna of the protection of that coast and to pat- ticipate init, As to the principle of the mare clausum, Tam assured she will never give tt np. For some weeks past the Empecor has been much oc- cupied with the troops and horves destined to eomplete the cavalry divisions of the gnard. The Grand Dukes Nicholas ond Mishael frequently visit the batteries on the Neva, The forificationa from Oranienoaum to St, Petersburg on the one ride, and from Lid Noss to the capital on the other, will soon bristle with mortars of an enormous calibre. The Journal de St. Petersbourg of this day contains an obituary notice of General Destrom, who was formerly a pupil of the Polytecnnic Sehoo! of Parir, and who waa sent to St, Petersburg in 1810, wich three other Frenes officers, in order to form the naclens for the new Insti tute of Ponta et Chanasées and Public Buildings. Cen. Destrem was the constructor of Cronstadt, and of the Pont Nicholas, between Fin'and and Russa. Thns, a6 Pebastopol was constructed by an Ecglishman, tho for- tren which 1a the key to St. Petersburg was built by w Frenchman. The death of General Destrem i« regarded by more then one Kussian as a bad omen. Count Miche! Zourievitch— Appreciating the generous rentimen; which kal yonr son to express the desice io go to the ald of the suffering among our brave soldiers wounded in the army of ihe Crimea, I entrusted to him, tn this sacred work, the accomplishment of my views ints ations, Count Wielhorski-Matuschkine comple:ely jus‘ided my choice and my confidence by wire measures and an ince- fatigable activity, which were J ued in the midst ot in- cessant Isbors Ww his feeings of humanity and anieat zeal. Thousands of wounded men, thousands of mourn- ing femilies have ble-sed and stil! bless the attentions so fuil ot humanity und Christian sentiment which your son laviehed upon them. It gave me pleasure to thiax tuat on bie return to St. Petersburg I rhould haye the heart- felt joy of expresring to him my slocere gra itude for hix arsicuous labors and for having 80 weil divined my wish- es, and carried them out with so much anocess. He nad alieady wortbi'y receive a testimony of the high satis- faction of his Majesty the Emperor at the period of his visit to the Crimea. ‘The Most High bax otherwise ordained. It ix with keen :orrew that T have learned the preimatare and un- expected death of your son. T appreciate the extent of your grief, ard} am unable to express the intere-t and tympethy with which it mapires we 6 consolabi retouins to your sorrow—it ix the swore thoaght thi your son, in his short career, bas iuown how tw distia- guish himself by s useful uc'ivity fa the periormance of lis professional ¢uties, and that Divine grace has granted him an end that every Chrisuan may envy. Deprived of the ratistaction of exp esainy my thankfal- ness to your sen bimrelf, it ix in bis name and m remem dranee of him that lacdiess wyrelf to you, It was in the paterne boure ard in the example of the faw!ly thet he imbibed tue principles which tormed the rwe of his life, and which afte: his deat” will assure to als memory an imperishable fame, I remain, ever yours, very affec- tionately, MARIE. St. Petersburg, Dee. 26, STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES IN THE EMPIRE— NUMBEK OF HANDS AT WORK. (Berlin (Jan, 7) Correspondence of London Times.] ‘The jatest publications in Russia on the subject of ma- pufacturing rtatieties afford inf roation of tha etate of manufactures there up to no more rceent date thaa the cag Cf the year 1853. The ronadcess of the figures there given vuggests, at the seme time, taat the data are ra- cher approximative than nctnal. As, however, the state- mente of formec years have been more explicit, the hope is enter'ained in Bt, Petersburg thet very shortly more exact Hgnies, at leakt as rega.de 155° would short’y be published, Up to the end of that yrar probably no very great injury bad been sustained by the monufartucers fa the north trom the war, which waa declared in the south only in October of that year, and therefore there seems no reason why the statixifcal publications should not be allowed to take their usual course ‘The rovne figures given ae the number of manufacto- ries existing in 18538, is 10,600; the nomber of hands ec- enpied in them 465,000, and the vaiue of the manulas- tures prodnoed 170 000000 wlver roubles, The more ex- act figures published in the St. Petersburg Journal of Manufactures, as the statixtion of the pn eoeding year, 135%, showed the number of manutaciuring establisaments, seuccden (roines, foundries apd emeltiog works.) and other industrial establishments to have been 10,¢ pumwer of hands employed 470,914, and the total amount ‘of manufactures produced to bave veen 162,151,706 silver roubles. As these figures were an increase on the receding year, 1861, of 262 industrial estabsshments, Ries hance, and 2771,199 eilver roubles in value, it seems probable that the first mentioned ap- preximative cata for 1853 ure tolerably correct. ‘The most considerabie article cf mavafacture in 1852 waa cloth, of which 13,446,236 arschines and 180,057 pieces were produced by 84,443 operatives in 414 diferent | establslments, and the valuc of which amounted to 9,129,883 silver roubles. The next important artishe ere cotton goods, amounting t> 14,208,500 silver rou. les, nigh 454 operativer, ia 440 milis; cotton gods, 6,867 bards, in 349 works: £:¢47,88 sliver roubles, a by 30,976 haads, ta 55 mills, Sugar baking and the produc't n of bee: roo! ‘or the purposes ot had been carried producing 2,418, of sugar, and 148,830 pois o cle, the value of 19,315,603 silver roubles, by means o 45,711 hands employed in 364 estubli-hments. Such were the main features ot Russian manufacturing ia- dustry in 1862, and which, no doubt, eon'inued w in- crease at their usual not very rapid rate in 1853. How it bas gone with them in 1854 and 1856 probabiy we spall not so essily learn, seeumg that, for want of tw work with, and raw material to work upon, ital to work with, and consumers to carry off, the result cannot fail ot being widely different trom the dtm a ‘The company for nat ting the Date wound op its tranegotions, ond off its onbgations at the rate of 8634 copecks per silver rouble—thatis to say, at the rateot 5034 per cent, This iy the Gfth large ui ‘taking cf the kind the cessation of which has become known to the public since the beginning of the war. AFFAIRS IN ODESSA—A WAR OOUNCIL—THE WEA- THER. [Correspondence of London News.) ‘Opes, Deo. 2, 1855. ‘The extreme reverity of the present winter has oansed not only the outer roadstead to » but the Black Sea, ax far as the eye can reaes from the tight house, is coverea with one mars of tce. Such a rigorous wimer is beyond the recollection of the ol:est inhavitanta, Taw thermometer was for several days as low as 26 deg. Réau- mur (27 eg. below zero ot Fuhrenheit,) but the quisk- silver has now risen to 12 deg. Réanmur, and the sacw ails without in’erruption. Many sccivents have ocenr- ed and people been frozen to death—even in their buds! You ean isney that the deep svow greatly impedes al: communication, although workmen are continually em. ployed to clear the roads, and throw up the snow on either sice, forming imm-nse hedges, so that woea the aiers? carte meet wish a train ot artillery or baggage wagcns, they have great difficulty in making room w pass. : Accorcing to the official doouments ast published, the exports of Odersa for the past year comsisted solely of fortign procuce re-exported, and of the vaiue of 4,416 roubles; whilst the iroports amounted to 19t,882 silver rot bles. The value ot foreign goocs imported inio the interior of Rus+ia from the ice port of Odessa, amount- ed to 119,152 silver roubles. Notwithstanding the severity cf the season, the annual fair ot Alexandria (in New Russia) wax held a usual, but ob account o” the intensity of the cold few purchasers: and fewer sellers appeareo, and the a8 done Wax ihere‘ore extremely limited. ‘The rimul'enecus arrival in this city of several gene 1s] « flicers of high standing, from Kiew, Nioolaief, Cao- tun, sud even frm the Crimea, has given vive to the ra. port tbat a coune | of war is ordered to be held hare. It 18 adced that the result of the gran’ council of war late ly held at 8c. Petersbu g is to be buid before it and the opinions of the generals taten, cefore being fical'y adopt- ed ond receiving the sanction of the Emperor, ‘The comme néer ef the rixth infantry oorpa of the ac- tive army, Lieuterant G i Lipraadi, from Nigolatef: Count Ort ken, che ¢ mmunder of the fourth army corps, and General Kotzebue, chief of Prince Gort:cha- Kcfi’s staff, and trom the headquarters ot that gacoral, have arrived here, snd have bac comferences wit G». ral Ludere, General Krusenstero Count Strogoncii. ‘These meetings of military au’ horiries at st. Pe ecabang ia the North, and here, in the South, are doub‘less held for » like object with ibe mihtary councils in the West. THE WAR AND PEACE PARTIES IN 8T. PRTERSBURG— WHAT EACH BELIEVES. The Assemblée Nationale of Paris, ot Jan. 10, gives ao apalysis of the opinions entertained on the subject of the war by the antagonistic elements that divide politial power in Russia—the German and the Russian parties. ‘The toilowing, it seems, are the ideas that inspired the warlike, or Rustian, poll icians The enemies of Hussia menac: her in the Bultic as in Sea; threaten the destruction of the Northern fleet after that of the South; the annipilution of Cronstadt after that of Bomarsund and Sebastopol they even threaten to attack St. Petersburg. Now, this is not done. If the allies have at their disposal large forces to make those attempts, Russia possess-s large forces for her defence. To catry war into ie Guit of Finland, and to the moutns of the Neva, is to ergoge on a theatre where operations are posrivle for only one-balt the year, To burn the Russian fleet, destroy Cronstadt, and take St. Petersburg, in the space of fur or five months, would be cifiicnl, tur St. Petersburg ana Cronstadt wilt not want for de fenders, But even were the fortune of war egain fata to the Rursian arms, the nation would not be compaileo thereby to undergo the fate of the vanquished. Rusvia ig not in her fleets, nor at St. Peters>urg, but at Mos novw—on that ground where she awaited Charles Xi an Napoleon, and where she can still brave every iuvador. Why shoula Russia at this moment proclarm berself ce tea'ta? She is victorious in Asia; Seoasiopol has tailen afier an heroic résistance; but the Crimea is not lst, and tLe army that defends it has converted it int. an impregnable position. It is, therefore, too soon to cal: on ihe livsrians to proclaim their own defeat and the triumph of the allies. ‘Tne Cobéens of Russia are characterized by humility end moderation. They say :-— ‘The concessions Gemanied by Austria and the Westeru Powers are confined to the Plack Sea, and therefore eearcely affeet Russia, The Blask Sea fleets, or the forts consirncted slong distant coasts, do not add to her +texgth as a Evropean Power; in depriving her of ibe, Yer might is not really ciminished. In consenting to this sacrifice, she would deprive of a pretext those wh» may in’ future acense her of smbition—a qnatit; shat may have existed in the minds of a few (vers, but never in that of the Russian naion. Rusia withes to te » Buropean Power, to count amongst rhe great Powers of the Continent. This is her ambition, ser aim; snd todo that rhe does not require to main tain military establishments to uselessly provke the sns- picion of kurcpe. The longer the war continue-, th more revere become the conditions, At the same tian Luseia sees the departure of her encient allies. Austria sppears esch year to progrers towards a rupture; ctners Fuceumb to the preesnre of circumstar ces, Finally, peace alone can dissolve the wi itary alliance that unites France ard Engtand against Russia. With peace everything as. sumes the position prior to the war; Russia Bee ner alies revppear, new aldances will be made, and in» yearn the last traces of a contest that can ue & gocd to the Russian empire will be effaced and forgo. y The Government of France. [From the Paris Moniteur, Jan. 11.] The constitution of a people is not only the guarantee of its rights, the result of its civilization, and the exprea- sion of its habits (mours); it is also the mechanism of its government in the cnsembic, and the details of the ina- chine,y of which it is compored. When the legislator hes organized the authorities (Jes pouvoirs), regulated their functions, defined the connecting links that anite them, and marked the limits which separate them. it is on the rigorous precision of each of them, in the gecural performauee of the funetions of which they are the agents, that depend order, activity and unity in the pro- ces of the administration and in the direction of pubis afisirs. ‘Thir all important precision, which alone can give toa government all its power to co good, is not immediately obiained in the construstion cf a new constitution; there are inveterate traditions which resist the most imperious appiications of the prineipies which condemn them, and of the necesmties which transform them, Progress, in sil things, is not attained in @ day; it is the laborious and slow conquest ot perseverance and lime. However adapted a constitation may be to the habits and to the interests of the coun! of Wales itis the law, however evident may appearthe truch of its prine ples, the new powers which it creates are alweys involuntasi'y drawn into borrowing som hing fom the ancient powers they bave repixced. bi tore thoroughiy understanding the importance they mt de- rive from the funetions proper to them, they eadeavur to revive the customs by which their predecessors had founded the authority of their prerogatives. ‘ibis is what happened with the Senate in the ay. ion ticn of the cons.itu:ion of the l6thot January, 1864 The two charters of 2814 and of 1830 had mage the Cna™ber of Peers simply a second Ciamver of Deputies. \) cua ¢ifferent origin, their fanctions were nearly the sume. Under that régime the two Assemblies who sat at the Palais Bourbon and the Luxembourg were simply the double representatives of # parliamentary oligarcuy in two branches, one of which pretended to represent the people, the other the aristoeracy; bnt, in reality, neithor the one nor the other corresponded efther to the poopie, which dic not name its deputies, or to the higher classes, which did not find in tho pserage the reflection of their power, of their tracifons, and of thelr inter. erts, ‘The actual constitution, on the contrary, distin x11 rated what the charters of 1814 and 1880 eonfounde: Icis Cesired that each of the powers which it instiru ed should have an independent, #0 a# to nave a usofal tu. <. By giving to the Emperor the authority and the responsi. vility of the government it gave to all the agents charged to second bim, Ministers, Council of State, Legisinuve Corps and Senate. the different func'ions whieh, ty o catenation at simple as it is logical, allows each of tiem, in his sphere of power of action, to take part in public affairs, and to work tor the order, greatocss and sule:y of ube country. ‘This constitution, which ia leas the work of a mau than the work of experience and tine, ordains, combines, and defines ail things in the simplest'manner possible. It gives w the executive power its independence and its force, by arsociating the duty of | teh 4 to the privilege ot re'gning. It makes the ministers tno direct agents of the erown, the highest and mov: honored auxihieries of ihe Emperor's sovereignity. By their sige it places the council of state to second them, to solve the difficulties wo the exteat o of administration, to fix its principles, to prepare and support the laws they propose. It gives to leginlative corps the vote of the Jaws and taxes. Finally, ic con- +edes to the} Senate the initiative, and tnatrusts to it the guardisnship of all the prineipies and all the interests of which it ia the embodiment and guarantes. ‘The intention of the iegislator of 1852 is easily pene- trated in thie very simple mechanism, where everything is mansged to produce harmony trom whisa order ana power 1esuit, and to prevent conflicts which give rise to sevolutions, or ' The legislator of 1862 had, in fact, adouble object in ylew—-the first to free the government from Parliamenta- iy tutelsge, and to render the administration quick and cary by leaving the management of affairs exclusively to the ministers; the second, to create an independent iegis- lative body, by having it appointed by universal auifrage, by assuring to it the most perfect liberty of discussion in the vote of the laws and of the budget, and y not admit- ting any public functionary into its body. Only the con- ativution regulates the right of amendment, and it takes from the deputies to give to the Senate, the right of int- tiattve which was but too Li Lark ‘the sudden inspira- tion of party spirit and local inter laine. impeded, loguetire powet lndepeioat Cacugh g impeded, » lative power t ono took usehal without being dazgoreas-pete ts the annie roblem which the constitution of 1862 proposed to itself fo Bolve. by.thetr daily task, But, while the Ministers, absorbed are incessantly cceupied with the great interests of the country, and while, reconded by the Counedl of State, they provide for all the wants of the sdministration and legisation, another power exercise iunotiona exclusive ot them, and gives the government the aid of {ts wisdom ond great experience; thet powar ix ‘the Senate, The constitnticn wished that there should be # body of men 1856. matured by practice in the highest affai-a, having be- scrgyd, and vtill belonging, 00 the army, te magistracy, po.iuer, diplumecy, induszy, selence, «ni literature; « permancnt and troependent body, which, in tue tntecval of its sessions, woula have sufficient time to travel through the country and gather toforma ion respec ing ite wante, and aiverw: Prepare projects o’ law w meet them. It wisnea that by means of this locai inves- vigation by each cf its members, with the i: tluence of his porition, tits body sbould continually be able toentighten the government on the moral and material stute of #)- ciety. It wished, ina word, that the Senate shoal be d so hich in'the eonstituticnal hierarchy, and in wort of independence towards the other powers aa) to- wards thegovernwent, simply to point out with more authority to the Kwperor’s solieitude all tha! may con- ain 10 the glory of his reign and to the progress of civilization, Bas the Senate itself fally understood all the impor- ‘tance of s0 high # mission? Has it nct allowed itself, perbapa, to be dominated by the souvenirs and customs of the ancient Peerage? Only similar thi comparco. Now there is not apy analogy two institutions. If the Senate was only age, & bunch cf the legislative power, it would have far fewer prercgatives than that assembly, for it does not oewens, ab it dic, the right of discussing and voting tue ws. ‘the Chamber ot Peers can remodel the laws by re modeling the rpeeches made at the Tribune of the Palais. Bourbon. But the Fenate would be devoting itself to a fruitless Isbor, consequently one without authority, by discusting what it has not a right to chang, unless on grounds of uncopstitutionality, Its task is limived to verifying the queer character of the projects seut to it from the legislative body in the point ot view of the fun. damenta! prineiples of which it is the guadian. Its pre- rogaiives are not those of the Peerage; they are dil. ferent; but vhey are far more numerous, more serious, Tihs foe Wanore al things t polities! + Senate al & great politics! and moral power. The legislator of 1862, in instituting it, dio pot wish to make it the feeble image of another ins!{- tution, which helongs te history. He wished (o create a rody suited to the government which he founded, and to our Scie) condition, such as it osme forth from the Freoch revolution. He gave to this body a par! as ela- ‘yated as it is important. In reguiar and calm times it May suggest all the great meagares of public u'iiity; it bears the petitions of the cidzens; it examines the sivua- uon cf the country; it Investigates its its wants; i¢ atu. dieu tbe per'ecting of its organization; it points ont use. tul retorm; it proposes real improvements. In ex raordi- nary times it moy, Jike the aucient parlisments, stop the ruling power when It goes astray; it watcnes over the safe- ty of the country, the integrity of is ‘erritory, over tnx 1etpect for the national pact, over the maintenance of «li ‘the principles and all the inieresta of society. ‘That ‘}is part may stard as high in the opinion of the country a» i: has been made important snd p ivileged in tbe will of the autbor «f the eonstitation the Seas » has only to en er resolntely tuto the spirit-of ity high mis- fin, Jt d+pencs upon itself to render ite leisure tims wore urefol than were the labors of the Assembly, wh 130 place it cecupies at the Luxembourg. It is, moreover, ¥ish a calculated intention that the constitution of 1852 g’veittime, Time is the study, the ooservation, the re- tection, the ipeersant investigation of everything woi.t the morai eonéivion f the people requires, of Its we - fare, of the interests of agriculture, of the develo ,emea's of lnhor ard of credit, of the prosperity and safety of Fravee, Time, tur statesmen, {4 the power to seek the 00d, to dixeover it, to prepare it, to propose it, to de fend it, to acournplisn it. ‘ime is what was wanting v9 Parliamentary astemblies, that which is still wanting and ever will be wantmg to ministers over «helmed with fo many cares and responsibilities What greater strength could be given to an assembly which, having the right of initiation, has the power to realize ull that is really useful? Thus, to resume the deseription of the constitution, tke Kxrperor governs by means of his ministers. Those latter have the Council of State as a vigilant fellow la- borer. A fuiland free control is exercised by the Legisla- tive Corpe. Finally, by.the side of the government sita the Senate; while all the other powers and the Emperor him telf are absorbed by the innumerable questious of each Gay, and by the immence cares of the home and ioreign policy, it never quits its task of observation except to ascend to its task of high proteetion over all the int: rests ‘of society. A moderator of the government if it becomes impetuous, an instigator if it slumbers, it thus exercises: an ever active influence on its progress; the support and ecuncil of the throne, it brings te it, with the tribute of its experience and the results of its investigations, the means, always neq, of doing good and deser: the gra- tituce af the people, Portugal, OPENING OF OORTES—SPEECH OF THE KING—-PUB- LIC WORKS—THE WEATHER—INUNDATION DISTRESS. ‘Advices trom Liston are dated on 7th instant. The Cortes were opened by his Majesty Don Pédr> V.on the 26 inst., and the deput ine elected the same President, Vice President and Secretaries as last year. The royal epeech referred to the cholera as being nearly extivet in Portugal; it lamenta the continued progress of the grape cikensoe; shows that the grain harvest hed been gecerally goed, and promires @ ministerial bili with referexce to the receesaries of life whenever a general Tire tokes pace in the price of food. His Maje-ty ac- knowledges baying received upon his accession to the ibrene cordial ecngratulations from the sovereigns, xl- lies of Portngal, the Holy See, the Queen of Eugiand, the Kirg ot Saxony, the Emperor cf Austria, the King of the Belgians, and te Queen of Spain having appointed for tbat purpose special envoys. The royal speech also refers to the necessity of pro- yiamg for the continvaticn of public works, particularly for facilities of transit, and his Majesty states the posi tien of the public finanees inspires no fears, but rather confic ence in ite improvement. Tre government hse reason to expect happy results for the national credit and the progress of pubiic works, in consequence of the negotiations confided to ove of my Mimste's (M. Fontes) nm London and Paris—negotiations which will be opportunely sbbmitted to the examinati m of the Cortes. A Lisbon correspondent states that no official notifica- tion weuld be given of the arrangemeats made by M Fontes respecting the external bonds, ratiway contra :ts anda prej-ctea loan tor public works before the end of this meni, un'il' when, the sittings of the Cortes were to be susper ded, in order to enable him to prepare bis fivan- cial report and the prejecta of law necessary to carcy out hie new plans. The approval of the Leginlatare is fal.y relied upon, and it appears probable thas the additional weans at the disposal of the Saldaaha-Magalhacus ad- ministration will enable it to give new impulse to rail way constructions, and carry it safely through the elec- tions for the next Chamber of Deputies, which has to be inetalled in January, 1867. Heavy. rains eontinued to prevail in Portugal, and the overflowing of the banks of the Tagus had inundated the Ic¥ banks of Vallada, and rendered necessary the de- spatch of » government steamer with supplies ot salt fish, buscnite, rice and oil for the distressed inhabitants. Important From Japan. THE AMERICANS IN NAGABAKI. (Frem the Friend of China, Nov. 12, (Sritish.)) We learn 2. the Tartar, that the day after the Japs- nese convention (British), was ratified at Nagasaki, Ai- miral Sterl'ng was asked by the commissioner to give his advice on the best courre to be pursued towards the Ame: ricans, who, it was said, with nine vessels a} Simods, were breakibg the peace in the most outrageous manner. The Admirs! is reported to have recommended concession to the Aseerioan demands, provided they were in any way reavens le, An Arorican gentleman writes on this subject:— I onderstand that @ fleet of twelve sail of American whalers visited Simoda in anticipation of reveiviag sup- plies upreeabie to tbe late treaty. Repor. is they were treated very unkindly, and s de- termination was made Japanere, from some eaave, AND not to farnih them with any suppies. ‘The Americans were not to be trified with; they took what they wanted, and paid im dollars at their fair weight, the one-third the value, as fixed on by the treaty they would have no knowledge of. It ts eaid that guns had been fired and Japanese kille?, The Export of Gold from England, [From the London Economist, Jan. 6. The city correspondent of the Times says:—‘The whole of the £410,000 in gold brought by the Donald McKay is understood to have been purchayed for transmission to the Bank of France.’ So much has been said and writ- ten by pes the subjeet of the continued drain ef bullion from to Poris, thatdt is bat due to the Bank of France to show that it is really only performing func- tion for this country, in connection with the war, bj these pureliases ef bullion, which. would be less oonveni- ently for sl) parties concerned es 1m another way, but for the interventicn of that agency, and that if the bullion did not go to Paris, it would nevertheless equally leeve London. ‘The truth ia that France is but the channel through which our bullion flows to the East for the yment of our war expenditure. The process is this, and it ahows how nicely and skiVally all these operations are man- aged when lett to the control of private enterprise: All the contracts at the seat of war are made payable in short bills upom the treasuries of Fogland and i'rance. Those bile, when recetved by the contractors on the Apot, are disposed of chiefly to Greek bankers and mer- ants in Constantinople, in exchange for gold, with which ocntiactors again make fresh purchases in the surrounding countries. The bankers and merchants in Ecnstantinople have a great object in replacing the gold for the bilis purchased as rapidly as possible, not only in order 10 save interest, but also to repeat the operation by fresh purchases as often as possible. , therefore, vevd the bills on the two governments to agents in Mar- veiles, The Englieh bills, being in great demand it Paris, are sold on good terms on the Fichaoge at M seilles to the agents of the Paris bankers, and tue Freach bille cashed atthe Branch Bank of France io that city. For the full amount of both, gold is taken from the Brauch Bank of France, and returned by the first siesmer to Constantinople The Branch Bank is replenished from the bank at Paris, and the bank at Paris, to the extent at least of the ny billets Peper by continued purchases of gol i in don, which are paid for by the English Treagary bills bought at Mareeilles, 80 fer as they go. By this meams the banker in Constant receives his remitan:es yooner than if he had to wait till his bills reached London, and the gold errived from that port. Thus gold ia steadily on the move from London to the Bank of France in Paris, from thenee to the Branch Hank in Marseilles, and lastly from thence to Constantinople, where it is furnished to the contractors of provisions for the two armies, and by them disseminated amongst the producing classes in Turkey, Aria Minor, Fgypt, &c. These pure! of gold for Paris are, therefore, to that extent, only another name for remittances to the army in the Fast. But, then, it excites surprise that so much already gene out bas not led to a reaetion changes, and thus caused the current to flow back. But when it is borne in mind that the tent part of the Coin vend out bas been used for purchases i remote and unfrequented countries, where no means of investment existe, and where no banks are entablished, it is not & matter of su part, up to this Se Sree Reed relation to the precious metals, hoar¢ed. There are, how- ever, signe t! ‘& considerable return of the gold may soon be looked for. ealth of the popula- tion of those countries had led to « considerable in- inereare in the consumption of French and English manofsctores, Of late private trade to thove parte han experienced an enormous inere ase, an Ina reoent pumbec of this journal we showed that of id as has Pritt faotnres alone, the increase of the (inde pencent of the gove umert shipments) in tae vent year, compared #i h 1853, was netween five an| millions steriing. Of other uctcles re-exported of bond, there have also been considerable shipm| From France, a's), the trade has grestiy iver: is, probahly, not too much to say, that io all wa; rivets ‘rad- of France and England to :heee coun been £10,000,000 more ia 1865 than it was 10 nary yesrs. But the great pulk of thia trade has up wwarcs theclose of the year. Kemittanoss, fore, must sn be made to # large amount, and the so as tne usuel importa of corn from those qnacters been +o much diminished, Constavtinep'e have been crnaiderably intae probable, then. tbat during the next three mon'hs a sider bls return of bullion from the East will take or at least that the flow from tne West will be sus; And, as the chief decent for jean caveecto $008 those ports, it may be expec! ‘pos the Beck of Engleod ‘end the Bank of France will m| ally improve curing the next few months. Trial £rip of the Persia, the - in the World. iron pla Peet Yesterday the magnificent steams: ala, whic just been comp! by Messrs. Napler & Sone for the Cunard Company, made her trip in sea water, subsequent to the adjusting of eompa-res by running some twenty miles down the A Dipee, avd re‘urning in the atternoun to the ‘1 he Bans,’? opyostte Greenock. With from 20 Ib. Ib of presrure vpon the square inch, she easily 1836 evacnte wiles an vour, while the les gave to 18 revilntions io the minu'e, This day, however, reserved for tre forma! trial or pleasure ‘rho, anda sane time for the Hina! departure of the rhip from| Chae ter the Mersey whence rhe departs for New on the 26th current. The Meser+ Burne of this city! reticent end principal eharrholders in the Cunard pany, bad inviied a ois ing. cagion, and xt buf past 8 ‘ck, whenee they were carried to the ina tender, whee they met with a cordial reov from Captian Jutbins, the ta‘ure commander of the 4 The party on powrd musrered 220 ladies and gentle: including peers, G asgow merchants, country get! Crimesn herves, &. The day was surpaseingly to} The sun xp: erily orushed awoy the morning trost, shone out wtih unclouded splendor, while there scarcuy a ripple m the sea. Tne ship speedily proce) on her way, and s'1e cbed Gown un-er asy eieam | mies prst the Cumbrae lighthouse, With only 15 pny ure wid 16% revolutions she msde the dist) het d Caubrae, the usual testing groan! the Clyde in 58 mivutes, cistance of 16 Z-Jd ay Bur this qny’s t11p was 00+ by avy weans intended of epree, being in every sense of the word a pea Ten opportunity for testing the real powe| being reserves tor the paerage to Livarp ol] wbich rhe wa to rail on returniog with the encugh to say ‘ba: the performances of the Persia on Ciy Ge excited the admiration of all. ‘he Persia, as we bave said. 1s ba‘lt of fron. and engines are constructed by Merers, Robert Napier Sops. She #ws launched in the Clyde on the 3d of last, ond tre in'ervening period has been fi in Joying her msch'nery, and fitticg ber out aa tha < mrgnificeu’ foa ing hotel and goods transport that ever bieunted the wearers. Thia, a4 we have said, is the largest steamship aflor the wo lW—far exceediug in Jeog'h, strength, tonu! and «teom puwer tre Great Britaia or the Himalaya, exceeding also by wo ices then 1,200 tons the iaterns’ acity of the larg: st of che pre-eut splendid Canard iit ler chief proportions may he summed up as follo ¥n, Length frum figurebead to tafirail A Length ia the water Breadth of tbe hull Bresdth over all Py Accorcing to the strict governmel ‘of admeas| ment, ber power is equal to that of 900 horses; acc| ing to tne p'an laid down in the Earl of Hardwi:ke’s her power 1* eq’ al to that of 1.200 horses; and acver| to James Watt’s old estadlisbed rule of 33,000 1». tu} horse, the is expected to work up to the pitch of tween 4,0(0 and 5,000 horses. Stupencous as the Persia is, the lines of beauty 2! been so well warned out in the preparation ot her m| that her appeorance is singularly gracefal and lightac Yet rhis mighty fab:ic, +o benutifal as a whole. is 1 up of innumerable pieces of ponderous metal, wel jointed, and rivetted into each other with exceeding ¢ ness. The framing of the ship ts very heavy. The 6) between each frame ia only 10 inches, and eid eral fremen or riba are themselves 10 inches th deuvle angle irons at tne outer and i: ee, Tae bow is constructed in a manner at « peculiar oud affording the greatest ble strer tothis important part of the ship. The framing i placed io the riern that the effect is that, in the of collision with other sbips, or with rocks or icebe the strain would fall upon ‘the very strongest ma within the structure. and the Persis would have as chance of safety ard successful resistance, while ordi: vesrels wont, indess, ko in great peril, She is clinker built. as some’ chips bave been consiructec Jate. The pls'es or cuter planting of tha ship, § speak. ave lard alternately, so that ene adde streng! the other, and they form a whole of wonderful oomp ness avd -olicity. “The keel plates are 11-16 hs vt an ! in thickness; at the bottem of the ship the plates 15-36tbs of an inch in thi-kness; trom this sec‘ion to lcad water live trey are % of an isch; acd arove they are 11-l¢the ot aniich in thickness. Tne pl round the gunwale ars % ‘hs of an ineh in thicknoss, The Persia has seven water-tight compsr'ments. goods are to be stowed in two of tuese divistons, ¢ about 90 feet long, by 16 in bread’h and 20 eet in hei These s) swres, or rather tanks, are placed in. centre line o” the ship, wita the coal cellars or ban on esch side of them. At the same time, the vessel i constructed as to have in reality a double bot:om ur these gords’ chambers, so that if the outer were bes or inj red, the iuner would, in ali likelihood, protest cargo dry and intact. fhe chambers are perfuctly vs ught; ard in the event ot ascidsat to the hull toe-e % would of teemrelves float the snip. The liner has tw gines, and exgtt iarge tubular dollers and two faa: snd, ve only speak of her machinery in gecc which is all reedy, as being first class. The firing « for the boilers is placed in the fore and aft Ime, ins of across the ship, as is usaaily the case with’ sar vveseels. She hos separate sleeping accommodations for 260 sengers, dispored s'ong what mey be ca'led the main d: lying immeciavely above tie goods and oral stores. [1 cadins have each 8 fect 6 inches of head room, and, eu with the excellent system of ventilation introduced | all the Cunard liners, we need scaresly say that they be slike pleasant, alry, and healthful, naive of wholescme eccommodaticn for the officers and engiat there are in the forward part of the ship about 1 for the sailing crew, firemen, and stokers. The t nomber of persons employed in working the s from the captain downwards, is 150. Above main deck there is a deck bouse covered in, rocf of which affords a promenade from stem stern. It contains the main dinicg saloon, 4 60 sect in length by £0 feet in width, and § fee height. It is copiously lighted trom the sijes by pl of g:ass piaced in the alternate pane's. In front ia 1 important acjunct, the pantry, which has about square feet of ares; and before the funnels ix the ki en, of equal size, with its cooking . exceeding t and equalling any of the culinary er‘abiishmenta df most extensive snd noted hotels in the ki: om. we bave not space to enter further into detail t to say that on this deck and below it are also to be fo the takery, the butcher's shambles, the scullery, cowh: use, the carpenter’s workshop, the lamphouse, éoctor’s shop, the ice houses, the bathrooms, and fewer than 20 waterclorets. ‘The weight of the iron in the Porsis, when laune! was 2,200 tons. When the engioes are on board ful y loaded, the weight of the immense masa wil 5,400 tons, at which time she wiil draw twenty-three ot water. Her coal cellars are constructed to rec 1,460 tons of coal, an ample supply te carry her on voyage across the i intl te tat ad Slacan Warn Spe has also scoommodation for about 1.200 tons 1 surement of ‘8. This ma; the extraordinary capacity but it must be remembered that her main design is of a floating totel. and that the goods of the Ii of Mesers. Burns are principslly those by whieh manufaclu nuity and refinement of the ministers to the comicrt and luxury of the West. LiveRroot, Jan. 10, 186 ‘The large new iron paddle wheel steamer Persia cently built at the yard of Mosars. Napler,. Glasgow, the al British and North American Mail Coup and which left the Clyde yestercay, arrived at this tus morning, and was immediately taken into the Bffeon dock, where her graceful liaes and noble pro tons were mach admired. The Persia left the Cloch lighthouse ppl afternoon st 4.56; reached Cum! of fourteen miles, in cne hour and one miou' da, south of Arran, 6.54: Ailsa Craig, 7.86; Point, 8.40; Mul. of Gallows} Corse , 10.12; Point of Ayro, Is Man, 11.45; Bell Buoy, this morniog. 3.40. The | pastage, a di of 175 knots, or 203 miles, was run in 10 houra and 43 minutes, making verage 8 of sixteex knots, or nineteen miles an hour. TRE VERY LATEST. [TKLEGRAPHIU FROM LONDON TO LIVERPOOL. | Loxpon, Saturday, Jan, 12, 185, PEATE NEGOTIATIONS. Brus, Friday Evening, Jan. 11, 185 It seems to be known here that the reply of Russi, Count Feterhazy’s proposttions is far from a decided gative. In our diplomatic otreles a long sories of negotint! is looked for. The Prussian ministry is getting exceedingly nert about a threatened general blockade of the Baltic by Allied powers. It is said that one part of Coionel Mantenffel’s mis to Vienna is to ascertain whether Austria will give support to Pruasia in case of such a violation of neutrality; meanwhile, Prussia is redoubling her eff ‘to induce Rusia to come to terms. The King ot Hollend has added his efforte to thor his relative, the King of Prussia, to urge on the Czar necessity and policy of peace. DENMARK. Corvayacen, Friday, Jan, 11, 186 A royal proclamation orders the election of menbe: the Supreme Parliament of the monarchy, which is yoked for the 11th of February.” The election mus concluded by the 224 inst. RUSSIA. Sr. Perenanvne, Jan. 3, 186 The great Comnotl of War is concluded, and from v_ has transpired om the subject it appears that the I sian tactics for the approaching campaign pial gone some important modifications. Various off from headquarters, would seem to indicate the 1 lution to abardon the Crimea altogether, for a part troops are ordered to march for the Caucasms, to orce the corps cf General Mourerietl, whilst others