The New York Herald Newspaper, January 24, 1856, Page 2

2 wenéitional rejection of the prepesels by Ressla !s net to De feared. This would mean that we may, if the Western Powers | permit it, cok for "ard to long and wesry segotiations; | time will then be given to Russia to complete ber de- | ss fences acd concentrate her troops around St. Petersburg. Ido not believe that Austria will go to war with Rus- nia if abe refures the last proposals, She has only :*- | ently reduced her army; and if she reaily felt saciined | to ge to war, ber safest plan would have been to bave stated openly that if Russia refuses she will do so, and | Abereby reestablish that oomidence in hee sincerity | whieh has been greatly shaken. } Aletter feem Copenhagen, in the Universal German Gazette, of Letps'c, says tbat when acither Framse, Eng- Tané, the Netherlanos nor Sweden had fotimeted any ia- tention of sen ting jelega'es to the proposed conference en the Sound dues, Russia acoeded to the favitation sent weund, because there isa possibility that Deamark may ene Jay fall tuto her possession by regular descent. and sbe is, consequently, ansious to preserve the dues, ‘The non-political publis is greatly excited by a most ‘extraordinary case of suspected poisoning. A surgeon by tbe vawe of Palmer is suppored to have poisoned peo- ple on & large scale, andit is even suspected that the Yate Lord George Bentinck fella vietim. Palmer is a sporting character, and the presen’ suepicioas have ‘arisen from an accusation of his having poisoned a man te whom he owed large sums on a bet. THE WAR. AFFAIRS AT SEBASTOPOL. BLOWING UP OF ONE OF TRE SEBASTOPOL DOCKS — OPERATIONS OF THE FRENCH ENGINEERS—TA2- NEW YORK HERA ey for the Busstem foontier and the pav!s where the Waris carried em. Bubs coush be oleerved (bs? ia that Alpine region the nearent way ie oftem closed by insur- mountable sbeaces, Treo 3 of Aills rua at right angies bet ween Batourn aud Kars: the passes are st very above the rea, and fijteds org nearly die y the snows which have d-fted down fron the Joftier pesks, Perthermers, the descent from the plateau i# very precipitous towards the avr b, aud an army from Batoum wouls find almost bepeless the diffi. cnities of traneperting artillery, soo: and sheil for the porsore of a prolonged siegy. 80 impracticable 1s vhe rou’e trom Batoum, that even the tide of inland commerce passes slong the cireaitous channel 0: Trebizonde aad Erecroum. road oetween there two places turns the wost difficult rauges, aod ia accordingly choren dy te caravans even tor the traftic with the Kussian provinces. (mer Pasba in earher years te Dimeelf bighly im mountain warfare. That Movravielf gave him cre‘tt for the apility to pass the meuntem barriers that he between Batoum and Sars is evident frum the attack in September, and the despatch in which the deteated General ex: it, ‘Having jearned,”’ wrote Mouravietf, that Ower Pasha was with @ lexge force st Batoum, Tj) it necessary to at- tack at once.” It way be ssid thet the Russian thus tord bis adversary wnat it would be for him to ‘tho: it would be wise to follow up a move iking effects, But weskness of the do, and that had had such immediate and #1 Movravief. perhaps, dd not know Turkish army. bven now it is difficult to understand tha’ it should bave been go ill provided, A lian had been raived acd money was pot wactiog, the powers of the Genera! were ample, wnd a Muspic 1 vet generaily serupulons in making requisitions. Transports wee in readinese; even the Tusich vessele of war had beea turned into troop szd provistn ships, Bar the fac’, ibeugh unex,lained, if not the lese certefo, thar the Turkish ary ae ate of the meaas which alove cculd ;endex: possible so hasardous 4 maich cross the rioges of Lazistan, The invested elty fel, aod ir conquest is w task for tea fa ure. shevld #p sdvance on Kars be resolve? on, it iv proba- bie shat the 1 rger but easter soute ef Erzeroum opus! be ad pted, It amust be remembered that Kars is 95, maeb defended by cims'e ss Cronstact. Tae word will pry batly newer know the loses of Meuractef im. bls relent- MENDOUS EXPLOSIONS—TBE BRITISH PREPARING | jese bd ockade, and yet tre Ressane had beea for mooths TO BLOW UP ANOTHER DOOK. Fedastopel (Dec. 25) Correspondence «f London Times: } Une of the five celebrated dry docks ia the Karahel- ‘wala suburb of Sebastope! was demotishe! by the Freach eers on Saturdey last, the 22d instant, at 2P. M.. The explosion cf mines,” The destruc’ion of the doc ‘War fi lly acocmpiiske d, thebiast naviog 2!mos* inytana- meourly reduced he massive fabric into a ruined aad con- fused heap of st. nes. ‘The mieniion of ceetreymwg a portion of ‘he decks wis pot knewn in camp until so eerly hour of the morring e rome diy. the efx compauies of the 18°h Royal Lci-h weglaeut. which wr tho lest isen’h or five weeas b Deen quartered in the Kavahelnaia, asisting in the ne- essary preparations for the desiruztion of the varee deeke in ear, and vhe part of "he ba in ia charge of the | Bog'vh eruineers, were moved up at 5 A. M., before cay- Mgvt. ibeic departure was thus unodssved the eremy +p the vo side of the rosdstead. It was eouricered prudest to march tuee men up to camp, tm ease the Russians might think pvoper, alter une explovion, ‘0 direc: % besvy fire on the suburb, and | to aveid all risk of ‘casualties, shoud any of the Duildings fall from the concassion, This movew-nt was | ® sofficient intimation that the explosion of part of the | docks was a: hanc, but in addi ion all servan s, acd men on fa igue, guing into the town for wood, were erly in | the morning stopped at the Redan, aud sudsequenily a | ‘eordon of sentries wasdra n around te prevent offivers or | ‘any perron from approsehing within the neighborhood ot | fe docks where there was the shgiest chance o’ danger | from the explosion. As it turned out, howover, these utions proved unnecessary, for the mines were so 4 that the effects cf their explosion were contined toa | very limited «phere of action. whe ccek selected by the French engineers for demoli- ion on this occasion was ths one placed to the west | of the lock throvgh which vessels formerly entered | {nto the great basin. In addition to this dock, the French have to destroy ano her dry dock on the east | wie of the entrance 10: the losk itself, which, with | ‘, end were in the neighdurhond of thelr owa 2 he allies «il have t coarcnagaiae: the new Rustlan #'zonghold through a devastated country, whore oyelats ns aie oply possidie from June te Saptem>er, is of the grea'ent necessity toatio sach @ prive the read by which wen and supplies axe brought should bs oyer'as long a possible. It te only the route by E-ze- reum ind Tye pigonse which tultils these condttlous. But it is probable thi no sailiul salder wil ai vise the repetition ¢f a2 Armeviav campaign Waen Omor Pasha went to Suchum Kaieh ha commenced a oampaizu wie eHteicly was nov for the velfefof Kars. We may moe: believe that the Cazbicb general saw the imp isi Dility of azessuc and was ¢ leo! & trace the oattiag ‘or the destructira of carried ca ia he re- sudden aivuase. neigh has of amore ex enced plan. A we the Russian power in Asis must ios into weich (mer Pasha made bi mere, at least, ve have in our & population o: mo btainzers which srruggled sgeinst the Rurian yoke. Evea Gergia might not be conquerds, nor the Muscovite tron ier driven behind the Caacasus, yet the warlike tribes borween the Biack Sea and the Caspian migat be restored to their tor: fedepenienes, and the work of a quarter of a ceniury mate fruitless in a siagle year. Yer it isno light eu erprise to diive a forewarned toe from ® country of rocks aod iaviac2, ia which he haa Deen serustomed to plant a new fortress atevery new step of conquest. We bay? neen two years thinking and talking of the Crimea, and yoo how lit Je ia wnown of its interior, and the obstacles we way mae’. Cumparel with the Orimea, these Asiatic regions may be called unknown lands. Even the Russian misitary maps, it is said, give no correct idea of the couniry. Thee are other reasons which should incuce caution and ais-uade from any hasty enterprive. Ina litte perissula hardly more than 100 niles long, we fitd ourselv+s at a loss tor effe:tive land transport, Who knows whether the Srilish army, eves if unopposed, could march io Bahiscrai, twenty miles off ? Bui an Asiatic campaign might cause Hannibal or Napo- leon to look grave, Lo surmount te lofty ridges of these fts rides and founda‘ion of cut masonry and magoiti- went floocgates, has tne appearance another dur’ 5 ‘pnd bslf the bavin. it is understood that the en + meering operations are completed for the dem: - tion of the whole of these structures, and that the obj % in demolishing cue portion only was ‘to test the accur ¥ of certain calculations with regard to the quantity of gu + powder necessary tor effecting the desired result. Tue | quvactity actually employed is sai to have been s lictle | ever 2.000 prunds Frgiib, or 1,000 French kilogrammes. The French engineers have fullowed a somewhat differ- | eat plan from the Eoglish engineers for the destruction of the cocks. They have trusted principally to galleries earried across and beneath the bottom of the deck. They ave aiso, hovever, parellei with each side. a horizatal geliery, to blow out the foundatimn ard lower part of each side wall. 1a the docks to be destroyed by the Hng- | lish, perperdicular shafts have beea sunk at frequent intervals along the tides, ior the purpose of blowing the | whole of the sides inwards, Latterly, also, galleries pave ‘been constructed beovath the foundacions of the bottom | ef each cock, so tha: tueir demolition mast be very effec. tual. Arrevgemests have been made for Bring 13 Wieh mines by a vl aic batter, Tce French miu Saturday were fired by means rains of laid ganpowder acd fares. The report of the explosiom was by means loud. It was heard in camp. but was generally sapposed to be the burstizg of the Kissian pr jec iles among the baildings of the town. Nearcr to the scene of the ex 2 tremulous agitation of the ground was felt, and thi- foliow+d by the peculiar compresed sound—mors Lice th run ding of distant thun‘er than the usua’ report of guspoxcer tired from within metai—which always a companies subterraveous dischaiges. Simultaneoas wi'a tue m1 ise of the blasting, tae air cver the si.uation of the dock became thickened with smoke, stones acd rubbish. A ia-ge quantity, among which were masses of coosid - ose perpenuicular'y upwards, waile at ta shower of mas nry was harled from each | wide upwards and curving towards the centre. Th grester portion of these docks end fragments of stone ‘appeared to fail downwards into tne vacant space of the | docx; seareely any were observed to fly far peyonl ite Emits. A dense cloud of smoke filled and rested | ever the place of ruia. aud thiscontinier hanging | ever it for 4 considerable time, tor ‘here wes no dreeze | to wait i away. No sooner bad the exploson cccarzes, | ‘the crash of the fa'ling masonry hai scarcely die! away | frem the ears, when the sba'p reports of reveral shells | about the docks and neiguboring buildiogs volo that the enemy had been no usovservant spectators of the scene. | They hoped to bit some of the troops, whom taey sus- | pected to be in the neighborhood of the explosion, tue | Bature ot woich thy no doudt understood, out, as usual, fired wirbou' effecting say injury or causing casaaity | It is recarkable how very few casua ties nave taken | place among the rappers aad artil'erymen, a:d ia tae | mx companies of the men of the 18th regiment, wh> | have been quartered in the Karabeluala duving the ope- | Fations connected with the mining of the docks, not- | withs:anoirg the constant tie of the enemy. | Taril a | abort time ago, when a ehelt entered a company’s cook- dog be use, wheoce the men could not rewily ecape, | and in consequence, seve al were woun ‘ed, not a | occurrcd among the men of the 18th regi- | quarter to one, on the 22d, the French comman- @ant sent round word tor all windows of harracks and tng to be opened, and a few minutes afve:varda the | ‘reneh engineers appeared io be very busy in the bottom of the dock, making necessary arrangements, and trying the power hose or Bi-kford’s fuse. ‘he dey was hazy and at this iime trere was a sight drizzle —all of watzh, pe-baps, kd the I ins not to notice the absence o: workmen at the docks, for the garris™m had been marche1 out as early ashslf-past ix A. M., at the request of tne | French Sebastopol authorities. in case the dock was to be Blown up that morning at-halt-past iine. At 15:20 of er one, the sixteen charges, consisting of | ‘about 17,000 lbs. of powder were Gsed by fifteen men and ove officer of the eng neers. Looking on at the time fron the Karabeinaia suburb, and through holes in the Deckyard wall. a0 that ibey saw the dock i'self, were sbout one hundred Freoch sappers or enginesr. ‘There were also afew French engineer officers, and up by the Re an and Malakoff, locking down, abou - 200 oif- ers ond men. In fvur minutes and some odd rec mds 14 of the charges went off simul aneously, and a few se- eons afterwards the remaining two. Notbing eould have succesded better; the demolition was ozmplete. The bottom of the deck, although there were foar charges, was not ro cowpletely blown up a4 might have deen expected; the sides, particularly the right, looking towards the harbor, wese completely blown in by means of the four cherges each side; but the coping stones of red granite, about 5 feet by 234 ‘eet, with others, were got much broken, although blown iato the doxk. mmeciately after the explosion the Russians lined ‘their parapets on the north side, but they only fired th: shots into the dock. Shortiy afier ube explonis look ut the d | W. Codrington came to lition. that all the preparations will be completet Report says for the demoil'ion of (be thrée docks to be destroyed by the English in the course of a week from the present date. ‘ihe arr mts would have been finished al ready, bad it not been for the large uauti*y of water which hae found its way into the shaf's and gailerias ex eavated for tre reception ot the blasting powder. It ap- pears toat the resson for the water having entered 60 copiously into thre excavations while tho-e emaecte! wi b tne French mines have romained dry, is thatr ryia- tive pesiticn with regard to ube terminati /o of che Kara Deisia ravine, berween tho Malakoif and Redan hills, aud at a siort Aistenes from the dock ya: it. Toe three docks in charge of the Exgdah are <epazated from the end of this ravine, where ao enormous amount of water had roilected, and formed an immense pont or re- servoir, ouly by an artificial causeway, coustracted at an enormous expense of labor by the Russians during the formation of the cocks, and through this earth the water gradually percolated. THE WAR IN ASIA _MINOR—WILL KARS BE RETAKEN? [From the London Times, Jan, 8.) owe 6” 6 * ‘The Russians may be looked u; as bolting a eg of positions im defence of their Asiatie provinces, ir extreme seft is now strengthened by the capture of the Turk» h fortress, and the command of a great extent of country to the weet and north. Their right rests upon the spurs of the Caucasus, which strice off soatoward from the great chsin. and merge into the Armenian d's. trict of mountains, The Suramin Pas«, which defends ‘Tifis and the valley of the Cyrus, is the wot important tion in thus part of their line, while before It, at a dis- co «frome reventy wiles, is Kutaix, which will proba- bly be strongly fortitied long before the allies are in « con- dition to invest it, Between Kutals and Kare fs th pa- sbalic of Akbaltzik, « region of wood and monn ‘ln, thin- ly peopled and ill suited to be the theatre of offensive war- fare. 1t almovt follows as o necessity thay an alied army operating fer the conquest of Trauscaucasis should attack the Kussians at one of the two extreme points, with a view cither to the reduction of Guzuri or to a direct Fartern Alps will demand resources which may be eup- phed, but not without deep forethought axa long pre should the Czar persiet in an obsttaate con inst Burope, the time will assuredly come wen there hard won pe seicus will be endaogered oy the Western arma. {tis here that Rusiaa territory sen be most effectually cuvtailed and Rursian influence roet conspicuously nullisies, It is for these reasens thet we would see such a war cautiously and scientifically ap- Toached, and almost look upon the fate of the lav iray 8a denesit, from the warning it has given us. THE RUSSIAN CALL TO ARMS IN ASTA, The Incalioe Russe purhisbes the following px tion addressed to the notl-sse of the Tran: provinees after the lauding of Omer Pasha, by Liestenant General Prince Bedutofl, commander of the sray of ‘Tiths IJustriovs Princes and Nobles--Yon know that upon the great men of « country rests the frundatt the sccinl Jife, and that they uiways precede their inferiors in the triaJs'to which peoples are subjee ed. ‘Atrial no# awai s your country, wuers the Carie ina taith bas been establisies since the trme of the Aposil and where hvstile forces bave slwass succum ed be! your fidenity to tbe Czar The reason for wo'ch our enemies hava risen ageinet our Emperor the only erthotex Caaz ru “he worl, ia not upknuwn. They hove envid bis power, hey huve reea | jealous tbat be, fall of eve for mea, conformably to the | law of the Saviour, anould demsnd for the Christians | living in Tu key relief fom wrongs and sutfe iage. | Three Powers, calling themselves Chris ian, eve con | sulted with tke enemy of Christians, am! bave uroscsed to overturn the g-angeur o' Russic, aad s0 to destroy | the protection beneata which we aw repose, | The Tark. in em erirg your sacred country, poilotes it, He threatens to de-troy the law observes steadfastly by | you in the course of eighteen hundred sears: he thcea- tems 0 destroy all upun which your prosperity resis; the cburea where slee> your ilaxtrious aacestor: houses which shelter your w vss, your cnildren aué property; the distinction of clieses oy m the are cistirgvi-hed from the low, and whi! alltime your privilege. The enemy hee not remepbered that in yoar prayers to ihe Almighty you these words, “Make my beart pure, oa God! and raise up my spiri: an distress: ? be bas forgorten that your iatth has beea watered by your dloud, anc that the prosperity of your rests in your own b whicn hove never proved anfiithfal. Our guvernu persuaced that there is not one amongst you who capnot leat the snaies of tne ecemy. i cern faleehx from train, aud ce Feith/ul to the Emyeror a and to bis ‘ou havo of'en shed your blood in etr- comstarces where “the dan finest. Now the eremy is befcre you; he Pas already arcaced your feonticrs; be eerka 1¢ dfliict the beart of the Emperor v. 4 Your misery, the lesa of your property, and the destruc. of your fai ‘ihe time of trial, sept by the impenetrable dec-ees cf God, bas come; the hov: in which the soi. desecrated by the feet of you- enrmy, mast be purified—that soil con- secrate: by Bt. Audve and the boly marcyre—tho hogs in which the ashes of ycur sucestors, lying in your tem- ples, must be protieved trom sacrilege: yoar personal Cignity de maintamed iatact; your wives, ebiliren an] property be ce’ fi we and violenss; tau honoriog the precions traditions of your tathers, and showing your fidelity towards God and His ancin ed, car monarch. Arma, every one of you. Arm the peasente and your servants; vnitte yourselves 10 the vistorious troops of Russia who shed their blood for you. Show the enemy that you are the cbildren of these noble tmerc- tisue’ Gouriéns ana Mizgrelians, who were never \an- quithed in the thine of old. It pow depends upon you that this war with the enemy become the canse ef ihe entire peopis, and be waged throvghout the length ard breedth of the country. ia every shin, in every hol w, behiod every stone, yre- pare bis death, in order that the indefatiga le aive-tary of our faith may learn at lat that be & unworthy to be buried in Christian and oonsesruted ground; let rin kaow that you will bury bim where tse sound ¢f church balls is urbearé—in the spots which ezve only fcr the lair of savage beasts. Ealvation to you, in the mame of the Lord, iastrious princes axd n-ble gentlemen; raise avove you tha victo- rions tign of Tils cross, an , marching unde: it p:nvec- tion, drive the enemy from Your tec itery. Prinee BERUTOFF, Lieut. Genera’, ihe following ts» proclamsiion by General Moura viet — In my absence from Tifila, Lieut. General Priave Beb toff, at sey orders, addressed to the noblesse some w. fuil of honor and truth. The moment 1a coms in which you must prove bstora the entire worid tbat you are ti true sons of thore teh o fonght for some ceu in cefence of the fal b avd the sac e hearth. You mu-t Rusrla sbed toc yoo ties of the domestic rove that it was pot in vain that er purest biowl, ama thet you are wortby of the sac and holy allection #h the heart of the kenperor bears for you a bis orthadox children, Tom fully convinced that you will all re-pund 20 Priass Bebutef’s appeol, accompanied by the denedictions of the priests, who will oveeasingly offer up prayers ia your bebalf. Tam convioced, wo, that tae exaople of ihe glerious nobility will be followed »y al) ‘he cther clavees of the inbavitante of Imeretis, Courtel and ¥in- gielia— by tbe bourge is, ss well as ty the feemen and the refs. Your eaure fs glorlous and ag-eeacle 20 God. and the whole world is watebing you. Am, bro here, endecrath inthe name ef God, the perfidious wiles of your implacable epemy. ‘‘fhe cross on your b-east, snd sword in bond,” as said the Emperor Nicholas, of irn- veri-ha: le mé ty “God is with us: who shell make ur afreiay” MouwAvinr?, aid-re-Cawp General. Lieutenant of Kana, Nov. { ame age ano THE PEACE TERMS * THE ALLIES—A COUNTER PROPOSI- TION EXPECTED, (From the London Timea, Jan. 8 Will Russia scvept the terms offered to aoe by the al lit? They reached der on the 28th of last caonth, and as yet the telegraph recorie nothing, She has neither Ubrown the messenger into a wrll, as the ancien: Greeks @id the eminearies ot the Greet Klag when they came to demand fiom them ex th aod “ater nor run him up to the yarcarm of one vf those frigates which, though se- clnded frem the sea, may yet perform inaiffereotly well the functions ofa gallows, nor alaminsed bim without an onswer. Rursia 14 silent, and we preeaue taierefo-e, is mecitating, and in the futeroste pence the iy thore intrasted with her denti- the etter. Wo caunct, mde expect thet she wil burry berself to gravity u- imon. tierce. She has our secret, and may reasonably take hor ume before she imparta to ua hers Asim te | N>”? would have been soon sent, and the fict that i hae n bern uttered for ten days is some p vof that ? 8 not ty so readivy w her lips as ber &) supporters woud have leo us to snapec antless y diplomatists are turning over and ever te p-opea.- tion? of the aliies, and seeking for a soft place on which vhey mey bang an assent, a negutiation and then ae bis Sajenty the Emperor in the Caucasas, March on lidis, With raped to 6 campaign in Arménia for the recapture of Kars, there are ttrong reasona fur hesie dation. Ait that oefore told against the Russians wo mn Meir favor, They ore on the defensive; they hold not only Kers, but the toghanli moun‘ains, accoas which the road from Erzerour pas-er at a height of 4,000 feet above | dhe sea, From o were glance at the map one {a apt to inquire why Ey zerourm wuonid always be spoken of &# on fhe road from Kore to the wa. Itstanis t> the south- | rest of tho onytgred forties», ts pyustly tuland, aad fur | produces. There ia s porteptivie arigratt: ssl At ang rate, we can wait, for we are in the position of acheskplayer who has got the bost of the momo, ant onght not ta rap the board with hiy koncklea: his aa tage lst be raiber long io choosing between tie emiac- Tarementa which are set before Yim Rusein bar, indees, much tn consider. ginning to soe and sho to feel rometht Wo are now te. which the fell 8~wner or la ja the « by cater into the siliance of the ailice, who Sowell aoe ies ot Ruvsia, Waat is more e: wary vill, those Staies thas appeared to be the most eauirely under the eonirol of the modern. Macedon—Aaxovy, ba- varia, and Wurtemberg—asre ‘alwring in their legianee, and, true to the princivie of peing stroog upon the stronger side, are aftiieted with dousts whetber thar side de mot now. the weaker. ‘The great passive aud inert bulk of Germany is de slug itseli mn s lumbering and hesitating manner; visions of pati» wl unity, of merging inoividnal iaterests ima truly Gerwcn policy, of substituting patriotism for individualiem, anc wavy adetroge logteul entities for many others eqosliy ave'ruse, ft beture the Verman wind, shacewed forth im te of 3 inna Sete eA Oe duty <f ¢0 whether some remote relation to concerted not be considered of in enforced wit tuest dialectics and most recondite terminology Kant and Siegel. Germany, if not wholly awake, as cersainly por Carne | asleep; if a little iuddled, is not entirely iuebristed; if am little with whacco tmoke, is mot wholly rtupefled; and is, inceed, graduaily awaking t the cunvictiun that sbe has talked and wiitien rether too mach. and cone and sdvea tured rather too litde. The Rurtian mind has never evinces much proneness to mevephysies, but eacugh is disclosed to cecasion some anxie'y a8 to tbe permanency of an inticence which, until the war came, she velieved to de Lodestructibl Nor ig easy to say what effect tacse symptoms of incielent matiry may have upon the coun- sels oft Austria aud of Prussia. To Austria such am awa- hening cf the public micd is mo inconsiderabie en couragement to advapos in the course om which sh: bas just entered, smce it not omly promiees to her tbat support’ toc which she bas so leng been secbing. bot gives am earnest that, tar aa her policy bas fallen chort of ber duties aed her obiigations, 1t still been of some advantage to cer in ¢ mparison wich the tar leas excussbie tactics of her rival, Prussia, The rt of Berlin, on the other haud, seems to be threat (red not ony with a descent from the poritim ofa grea” yewer, but with compiete inol ton from those Staves, she rapport ot which she bas with so iouch erocke! policy heen courting. There things must tend to vince the one Germas l’ower that {7has been friendly the ¢zar, and the ether that safory and, ambi e pomt to a course of more decided hostinty. Ibe work of Jorty yeurs of intrigue is celog rapidly undone, and 2 further continuance of che war dids jaic to upro stan ic- fluence in Germany thieh forty yesrs of hse iatrigue and corruption may not restore. Yet we car pot dring curselves tu deleve that the Em peror of Rugsia, tnouga he hesitazes (> refuse, will make up ris wind to accept the terms offered bim by the alies. Jo tre intentor of his Fiogdum the German party, usually regardra asthe friends of peace, has Deen prostrate: ard the old Ru siang, the implacable advocates of war spd conquest, reign {n their stead, Out of Russia the Felgion organ ot the Czar keeps up bravely the no:e 0: defiance, and challenges tie a:hes to try the fortune of a eompsign in the Norsh, With grezt apility, ama with pot more unfairness and effroutery than the exizeacies Cf a rather unmauegeania case demand, tis jour- val strives to create dissension between Englao1 and France. uno to pr ve to. butn thatany hope of a ‘noses in the Bultic ix urierly futile aud aogurc. To be sare, ita little over-argues its ease when it s‘ates that tne Bs hic is only open four moutns; bat there iz ne donb there is great Justice in what i* says wita refereace to the imppersibiiy of wintering in those inbospitabie re- gions. Since the time of Cha.les XII. no enemy’s army bas wintered in the creary contines of Russia, and the snecers of shat experiment was not go great as to induce va repetition; but whem the Nord tetis ua that we cac only scratch theteet or pull the hair of Russia its meta phors carry it a little too far. Our scratshes have drain- edthe arteries of the giant, and, though applied at the extremities, have been oxly the more elfective on ‘that account, We anricipate, then, frem Ruesia neither a refusal nor ceptanee, Pat ruch @ mooitied counter proposition may give rive to negotiations, ard enable her to play off upon vg tke devices of another mystiticarion and another ccn'ererce. Unless tbere bea brvad and clear acceptance of every mein point—unless the proporal re- late only to rattezs of secondary importance, and such as might fairly and ressonably iorm matter of difference between Fegollators agreed on esentials, we trust that such insidious overtures will be peremptorily reused. On the conduct of our ewn govesmment we have po dcubdt, and as little et the course which a sense of bis own dignity and interest will induce tue Impero: of tre French to pursue. It must, indeed, be abundently evident that it is absolately requis e for the very existence of our government that it shoul] meet Pavidament with a decided announce éut of pease or war, In apnouncing ei-her govern: ment may yeasonabty expect the support of the nation buta repetition of the uncertainty of last Apiil the Hovee ard country cannot and will not tolerate. War, to he tuceersfn}, must be earcied on not only with the arcent, but wich the exthusiasm of the peopie, and eo- thosissm canpit re msiniall bolting in mid career, and tea:hing our ‘riends a1 woics al'ke to believe that ve are unequsl in spirit, if no tothe task we have uadertakea. I: were sto epecuiate ss to whether ft be for the ultimate benefit cf Kurope and the wo ld thet pease should pow Ds eensh . It may te that an immediate cersaticn trom loll and danges may be cearly purchived y givirg Russia breathivg time ore her strengta be thor reughly excansted; but we cannot be wrong in th nk- ing that whateve: te the meri: of either alternative, the eeretiet ois fcanght with mis batts between the chief and diraster. e INTERESTING FROM RUSSIA. THE ESTERMAZY MISSION—FEELING AGAINST AUS- TRIA—TRADE REPURTS—IMMENSE WAR PREPARA- TIONS IN TBE BALTIC—PROFESSOR JACOBI PRO- MOTSD—ASCEDD£NCY OF THK WAR PARTY IN TRE CABINET—ANOINFR CoLL TO ABMS FROM TUE CZAR—LITELE CHANCE OF PEACE—GENEKALS OF DE £MPIRE—IMPORTANCE OF PRINCE MENSCH KOFF’S COMMAND—FINANCE— WEATHER IN PETERSBURG—AM¥RICAN SHIPS LANDING ARMS. [From the London limes. dep. 8.) Private advices from St. Peternburg ™ oflecem bez, aud cre of com ideradle interest. They men- don the arrival of Prince Estezhazy, avd state that the questicn of an ultimaium was thé subject of universal yak arda‘i binds of rumors. It had been reported io big quarters thet hie proporiti the maxi and minmom, were at ones rejected. bat this was prsi- tively erroneous, and it bad bern ascertaisec tuat he hsd not yet even seen the Chaneeilor (Coust Nestelrede), @n9 was not to see hia til the fillowiog afternwa. ti was also underst: od that no answer to be given for fi'tren days, and itis added that a Council of the Em- pure was to be sppointed to examine and dis poviti Hence i: is said, “iimay be teen for g-anted tbat al) yeporisin the meamtime will be trlly destitate of Soondation.”’ These letters contizm the disfavor with which Austria at Berne time 36 proferredly regsrsed. The maemb: of the Austrian Legation, it i: ocgerved, not haviog #trrerions froz their governmen*, drednes Te Dewm at ibe ce for the fail of Kars. seqnently, not reeeived into Rucstap society.” AN clasces even inoluding the pracante, are represented ae in- Gulging in inveetiver and sens against them. Wi b regara to ade, the activ.y of the overland tran- ¢ is enid to bave increased, ans ite ppears tha!, owing to ‘heextraordinary number of horeca eanployed to bring iroports fiom the Frvesian f onzier, the rate of carriage Dack fiemS*, Petersburg to Korno had fallen to £6 per ton for bemp, flax and talox. In comsequence of the ex- yectation tna: he lant trafic iu the sping would be encizacus, 264 that much higher rates wil! preveil whea the prevent is ce imrortadion of sugar, eotion, dyrwoo), &e., phall have ended, the English houses, and eapitaliats ‘a general were taxing advantege of the opporta- pity to. forward thelr goods as fast as pos sive, The government bave contracied for three lead to be delivered im the the summer. Its pres had which was last year £50 pe- £0, This was ‘owing to ths ubdirgui-ed actiitws afforded by Pruscia, and an expec- tation is mentioned thet such urticiss ili very soon be at nearly peace pricer,” as they contiaus to be fooported witaout avy apparent interruption.” Even th Russiang, tt in said. express great asonishment at this stote of things, aré aie feartol that, heing 40 flagrant, it my leat toa supprestion of the entire traf: next sea- tov, Indeed. amorg some of the principal merchant: the of spring snd threnghou greatly fallen and snipbo tp, could now be bad f thoursnd tone convissioa fe the! thre wi Vs pouce, er a tal #top- page of the cverlond trade, this year. These persons, therefore, thivk i: beet to enter into vo paculation in Rusrian gece oF vext sprimg tor delivery at which tine a great deal of German, eitbough sot mush British, ce: yatal hae teen advanced to the Russians for tle eupply 0° kets throughout tbe sommer. Tne sate Bm conse noe of the extent of trada, was 36 wh $ is remarke), is y whivd it bas cften stood ia cimary ties, when, as ie now sleo the case, the import market has heen brirk. The weather was vary wi three «egrets above the freezirg pulnt, and great quent? ties of goods were bei: g forwarded to’ Archangel in the txpectation of getting them off bef re the arrival of the blockading squacron. Suorequently to ite departure Inst avtomn, “3 vewels gotin, and afterwards cl-ared with cargoes. Arsorg these were voms Arse which had brought large «uy plivs of erm nitions cf er. Ove ship ander the Americ saic, remains Irezen in fully laden ith flax ¢ zy 1oveil, (o sbe browking up of the ice, for Jing cut fo- He lend Jo the Beltic. it arpesrs tka’ cwing lo the pow on’ mild ness of the temnperatnre, nevigation hee omen yesucand wt 8 me ports, since the ateamer Hebe wee ty Jer murda for Revel cn the 30th of Decernbe tude garde thense fer 1 nbeek. We resd in the Independance Belge, under date Ham- borg, Je inetant Commercial letters received to-day foom ¢ Rv- rian Baltic port @. the thermoneter being 0 Trave- , end would eral of the wesiivn the extraorsinary activity displayed by the generals ‘9 erecting additi mal works of cetence on the and and eas de,and e*ta dishing (ntrenoh. ed estmpe fo- the troops, © toocernts in the three provir cee ef Fsthonia, Livovia en¢ Courland Comma. Bicaticne by nad aco Low eaay on acoran: of theize aud scow, andRevel, Riga, sud cher matime tyne have already been appli wito gauss o1 long venga, on aa pri ved syste, inve'y cast in the Imperial foundry of st. Teteraburg. Ir won inten et to construc: at Revel and Riga two few batterie on the 802 fide, and ts erm toers with thore guns, in ovter t noe the sliiea ships, tho bic last year the adyerced works rf the Russians, whie ioe guns © the Jaiter, Ying of micricr rarge, were unacie to re verpasent if inde infers al machines. the explorion c last, oh boerd the Exmoutt, Reat Admiral Seymour, has ber Duke Constantine with’ the ai A hens Imperial foundry, In woi2h all she old copoe> guns are bong melted and oomverted into rea.part od welge pieces of he lor gest rar ge, The commercial ‘otters nbove refer >, me of the most eminent me:chants in the Ru tte ports, generally atrach po orecis tot peace, which al-o cironloted there in Deows are convimerd trat next spri by Rovela with sedou?i ein progres in order te on cl@iga seane of w EE \LD, THURSDAY, JAND. vian king tock wotehaiiitee wellknown, the ates were prena*iog ow their wi It was believed in Rewel and chat a0 Anglo-Frene force wili be ianded fa the th<s Dalvie previners 1h@ Mon. ext the ravigaiion besnines ies, Gad {oat hos'ili ies wall be stcultaneoasly carrird oo along hoth banks of the Guifof Fioiand. there were a: Regs revera! thousand men belongivg to the misitix of the fiest levy, whese armament is now complete. Tne soudiers carTy, independently of the musket, an axe tixed to their belt. At Kevel quarters were provided for several now druschines of those soldiers, the battalions of which, employe? im the Baltic provinces, bave remained as they were at their formation in 1854, while those marched vy ihe gcvernment last summer to Southern Russia were mostiy incorporated with the regiments of the army aud the reserves of the line. (Corresponcence of the London Times. Benn, Jan. The nomination of Prince Menschikoff to the sbip of Cronstadt is understood in St. Petersburg to have been the direct consequence of the untiring eflurts of the Grand Duke ppiansine im every direc:ion to bring torwardMthe old Russian party pr 5 ‘this instance, does piace cf Lutae, but those of Debs’ ‘acd Kleinmi- chet were set aside for pt grey Metlin and Techevuin. The ovly ecmmanders who have fn this war received the 1, 1880, Governor Order of St. George, a Class, beaices Mouravieif, ‘an especial fayorie with that party,) are Bebutoif and ‘achimof, and of all three it is understood that they were strorgly reeommended for it by the Grand Duke Copmantie. The only exception to the ail-engross- ing cld Russion influence in the vomination to place is the choice of Lieu enant-General Baron Meyen- dorff, the brother of the late Minister in Berlin and Vi- epna, to be Master of the Horse and High Chamberlain of the Imperial Court, It is probable that, in the matter of ccurt officers. this zealous champion of the old Rus- sian perty, the Grand Duke Constantine, iv willing to ac- cord t0 the 60 calied German party sumo glimpses of In< perial favor, in reecexition of their superior intolligenoe and vbsersarce of the amenities of life, &2. The dte- tir etic n conferred upon Prince Mensehikoll in confiding the defense of Cronstadt to him, which is virtual'y ting in‘o hie keeping the keys of St. Petersburg, is a cove urive refutation of the many stories that weie ous rent, at the time of bis retirement, of bis having falien into diegiace with his late master. Tho present Hmperoe tas not only assigned to bixs the splendid hotel of che Steff of the Marive for a residence, bat bas kept him a+ much as possible near him and im his confidence, and has sent bim on én important mission to Finland, with par. ticular 1cferenee to Sweaborg. ‘ne following is tre text of the Imperial rescript ad- drested to the Minis'er Verowski with reterence to the vaining of additional levies of sharpshooters from among the peasantry on tue Apapage domsins:— In arescript adcresred to you under date of Ostober 26 (November 6), 1664, our father, of biessed memory, called upon the peasantry on the Apanage dvasins to take part in the general cause ot the defence of the com mon fatherlard. On thst vecasion there presented them- ke ves more volunteers than fulliced for the completion of the regiment of sharpabooters of the Imperial honse, whieb wax then proposed to consist of three battalions, and more than halt the number of those woo were de- tious of enliting were obliged to return home, We now ccnsider it necessary to frm afvurth battalion of this regiment, and command you for that purpose te issue afresh ‘appeal to the Apanoge peasantry, on the paris explained at length in the statute of October 26, 1864. Tn thus committing to you the formation of tue fourth battalion, we are fully convinced that the Apa- nage peasantry. will ut ovr eail rash to the defence of their connie ‘with ihe same readiness as their brethren who were called upon py our father, have already taken the field to confront the enemies of our orthodox faith and cf boly Rusia. ALEXANDER. ‘You have doubtless already received, in tne Invalide, he two proclamations issued by Pricce Rebutoff and Gen Mouravieff to the populstions of Imeritia, Gouria, and Mingrelia, caling on the whole poopie to tase up yma and destroy the enemies of the Cross; behind every shrub and et mg on andfrom out of every hollow of the surface of the earth, death must be pre) for the enemy that is come hither to destroy their religion and their dimestic happiness, and to desecrate their temples, Nobles and rerfe are all to lay hands to their weapons, themselves under the banner of the Crucitied 0 protest their wives, their children, their proper- the temples in which their gl.rivus ancestors repore. Those of the enemy whom they kill, unwort! ‘as they are of sepulture in holy Caristian ground, + de thrust fy to the earth far away from the spot where the church bells chime, e:en there where the wild beast atalke, &c. In these addresses, the whole Traascaucasian popula ion is summoned to arms, to take part ic the cru- ade against the infidel and the enemies of the orthodox faith. Tn consideration that the cervice of the const batteries and fortifications for the cefence of the shores of the Bal- tie will this year require a much increase’ number of Citicers, General Count Rudiger, the commanter of the guarcs and grenacier corp=, oalis upon all military off- cers who are incapacitated from continuing to secve sfloat to apply for commands at the forts and land batte- ries. In the Giles of newscapers from Finland that reached Stockholm direct on December 24, for the irst time since the ertablisbment of the blockade, i¢ oontained the news of @ fresh imperial order, commanding thres fresh Fiaish buttslions cf sharpshecters to be formed, together with a rererve for each battalion. Each of the new battalion is to be 600 men strong, and the reserve 100, 40 men for exch company. There will, therefore, after May 15. 1866, when the three fierh battalions are ccmpleved, be no jets than nine Finiand natioval battalions of sharp- shooters, viz : Abo, Wasa, Uleaborg, Kx opio, Tavartebune, Hyorneborg, Nyland and Wyborg. ‘There sre the warithe incidents which have been occu. Tying "he minds of the St. Petersbu gers mmultaneously with the repczta of approaching peace, as couveyel t» them py fuieign papers. There pacific views and expec- talicus meet there with a ready euno im yery exteasive circles, but they are met at the same time with wo strikitg a contradiction m the ¢x'reme teucion of every warlike feeling in the nation, in the ex of the cld Russian party, and in the ecm religious chatacter stamped om the whole conflist pre- ciuces axy thing jike compromise for the widely prevalent wich for veace to become anything like a generally enter- tained hope or expecta'ion of i The elfarta of tne bi- goted SIavenian party bave succeeded in imparting 80 fierce a religions impulke to tue popnlation that an; thing like polities! ieasons and argomen’s are entirely cverpowered and thrust out ofsight and bearing. Viewed under the influence of there fewings, the prerent wav is expected to crnduct to “resul:s that correspond to its goonke objects and the sactitices that have been made for it.” In Ruteian journale of that party one reads that “the fruite of glory before God, as well as of honor und ad- vantuge before the world, which peace will come day bring, cannot fail of felling to the tot of Rossla, victori- ously as she bas everywhere fought, and whose conques of Kure fe oply the tast Mink ina long chain of t.iumphs.’? There are, it is tiue, some statesmen who think different. ly, but they ave a minority wud cannot just now make their voices heard : the majori.y are not for peace ; n° , according to the estimate formed there of the popu fee\ing, could any diminution ot the Czar’s external power be conceded without producing @ feartul shock to ths popular belief in his inviclable wajeaty. To evade the subject ot tke proporals or the demands made by chy alies, the constant subterfuge ia to allege what they cal: the caute of the war, viz., that the Sultan nas been un- falthtul to his treaty obligations, and thst al! diferences that have ariven in consequence must be rettied between him alone and Rassia! ‘Ibe entire Rus+ian forces are at prosent buted under the folowing commanders : ralisssmo of the whole active » Prince Pas Mewitsch ; Commancer in Finland,’ General von Ferg; in’ St. Petersburg, Count hiidiger and General Arburoff; in Estblana, Geueral Grabbe; Baltic coor. General Sievers; Central army (Kieff), Geveral Paaiatin; Western army (Poland), General Soumarakoti; Sout) army, General Luders; Crimean army, Privce Gorts koff; Danubisn territory, Geceral Chomutoff; Kubanrch territory, General Sereb:iakoff; Caucasus, General De buteff; Azapscancasua, Geners] Mouraviel. Such ierulta ae have been as yet attained nary inquiry into the losses and expenso entailed by .ue defence of Sebastopol are of vuch enormous dimensions that they seem to all is formed of them to pars oreixiit- ty. The means cfarriving at any posicive aud acca.a 4 Knowledge on this subject, such 43 arshiver, registries, accoun's &c., tave been for the most part destroyed by fixe and water in the retreat from the south to the north ‘The Rursian ministry of foreign affairs has just met with a serious loss in the ceath of Herr yon Jabienski, who hae fer many years past been the writer of the Nes- selroée derpatches, and who has, in addition to the works he bes already published, left behind him numerous manuscripts ao ev.dences of his indo‘atiguble literary in- dustry. [From Le Nord (Ruestan Organ), cf Brusrele, Jan. 5. Tn tbe plons sbetched by the English press, and said 5 be those which the ailies have fumed for the enening ar, the prefect of a landing in Finlund occupies vo foreground. To attack Ruteia tmultunsourly in tho north and south, by land and tea, to place her betweon two firer—thie i*, indeed, a gigantic plan, bu’ it appears to ur, for that very r¢ to be impracticable, Admt- ting that the elliés may be diepoced to renew, by a war in the Faltic, the enormous outlay and the saccidces en- tailed on therm by their expedition to the Black Sea, we may ark ourselves whether, after they havo uselosly heen serntching Russia's feet, they will ‘succced in over- throwing her by seizing her’ by the bair or by pinching her exr? For it is to be obrerved that, apon lance wn ormy in Finland, or on any other print of the Bal i; coast, the alles would tind them-e'ven confronted oy ob- steclen far greater than thore of the Crimea, In that pe pipevla the cam: “she ers dea by the winter, coui’ a. distri- Gi te resumed in the +pr ] In the Baltic, where the navigation is only open tor four or five mon bs of the year, 1t must be ocherwiss, ‘he allies must ottein a complete and decisive victory in aving’e rummer; they must smite Ruseia 80 terrible u dow a8 to prevert her receverixg herself during the wia- ter, Now, if the ailes—if England especially—have been able to wake preparations for so greal an enterprise, ve must supjese that the Russian governaent bas notre mained & passive spectator on ber part, We confess wo do rot believe in the destruction of Crovstadt, and the Englirh believe In fc just aa uittle ax ourselves: but con- cecirg, fcr the cake of our argoment, of course, that tt eventuality is provable or porsibl’— admitting even the allies may be able to make a domourtration against St, Fetorsburg—it will be seen that wo are making vory lar e concesricnr——do they tmegine that Russia would thereupon con: ider herreif vanquished? She would bo stunned, we grant, but not overthrown, ana one winter wend serve to put her on ber legs again. And, even inthin care can it be rearonably admitted that this’ blow can be dost ber in a single campaign? Why, the allied army would be obliged tose-emberk in the autninn, or elseon the approach of wirter it woold resign itrclf nilens volens to the disegreeable alternative of eering its ratreat utlarly cat ff, communication with the fleet, driven away by the ice. cestroyed—this, too, in w country wiereit wonlt net bave s roof over ifs head, or s sack of tlour for ts rvetencnce; where the cold, fer different from that of the Gimea, sinke to 30 and 40 degrees of Reaurnur; where, Ine'iy, (he Russian aimy, which would then be in ita own cement, might choore its own time to swoop upon ti when exkausted by cold and hunger, compelling It to yield or eccept battle, the resuit of which could not be combtfol, Let thie expedition be made to Finland or to the Paltle provinces, or to both points st oncom a thing lees macticable than evere still the condi ions under which I! te carried cut would be the seme, Iti nov op an evald ARY 24, 1856. hypothe: Js we g-oumd our reosouing, bat ow the mature of tee ecuntries themrelver—that is to say, on the wiater, Rugsia’s poi enteumtary Ax we see, thetros's ofthe nocth have their own little special advantages, Then, agnin, Kus- ria posesses at thiomement one army im Fialsud. ano- ther fo the Pabie provinces, a third in Polend, and ye! a tourth in St. Petersburg and ity neighborhood. Surely these are obsteoles net to be rurmounted io a hurry, per can spy one dieam of doing so. In every cane, Xi wit rot de Ergiish troors that cam do it, It will, henca, be on the shouldere of the Freneh army thar Giest Britain woul once gam lay all the burden of this tresh expedi- tion, Now, we are of opinion that the French g vern- ment—c better judge then England of everything c n- neoted with piitery operaticn’—would look twice befure it ventured ep #0 difficult and formidable an enterprise. It seems to ua, besides, that the Freceh have been for two years Coing Fnglanc’s work for her, and paying dear enough for her allisnce, not to consider themeclves now completely out ot her debt. If it 1s the task of these English to destroy Cronstadt—if that is all have to do—why bave they not done it this year, when theyhave veew showing off before its forts all the summer? ‘And if it is by the help of their new gunboats and bat. teries, which they taik so much about, that they count cm effecting their object next year, we are a‘raid they will opee mere have to be satisfied with foeding thelr imagination and shooting away their powder. In the first place, Croustadt is not Kinbin; again, the svecers attained by these floating batteries at the bom. ployed far ihe fest dine in net yet proved, for the simple ed for ‘at not yet proved, for the simp! prereigr Riser, ibe onpaicection asd arasment ot which had undergone no eharge sizes the last century, porressed none of thore engines that may be happily em- ployed against there said batteries. There was not even a singie Paixvan gun io that fort. It is cifferent with repstadt; and, formidable as this fortress bas always een, consisting notoifously of several forts, it is mo:o han probab’e that sivee those floating batteries have een known at St. Petersburg, they bave dissovered the x» caps of counter-armirg themselves there, e prevent war has proved that the arms of the eagi- neers and artillery are not so badly wielCe) in Russia, ard that under this head their inventive powers are not to poverty stricken ax previously anrposed. ‘The Rus- sans, it is true, are not in the habit of trumpeting their yrogiess and Ciscovertes, It others feel inclined to con ticer this rererve of theirs as » preof of weakness, we tor cur parts, ree in ita pledge of success, for whieh both tact and prudence are the frst conditions. ‘Thus, even when reasoning on the hypothes!s mort fa- voravle to the allies, the possible shauce of a iuvorable issue to an syproaching campaign in the Baltic—whether we corricer it to he a gignutic enterprise comprehending the invasion of Finland and the Baltic provinces, or whether we reduce it to its simplest expression, that 18 to say, to the mere bombardment of Cronstadt—it cannot by apy possibility have for Rus+ia those consequences +0 which the Erglish journals are pleased to soo hor already reduced, ‘We hive not yet spoken, our readers perceive, of an active eo-operation on the part of Anstria, for we do not suppere they cum seriously depend on such a thing either at Parts or London, Besides, if Austris were really to toke the field against Russia, we are justified ia belioving, from private ipformaticn we possess, thet sbe woull en- courter @ more violent resistance than she expecti—o reristance which ou seme future day might recoil on Austria, and work more mischief than they seem to cai- evlate upou at Vienna, ‘The reflection just submitted to the reader are not in- tended to prove that Russia ought not to make peace. Quite the ecntrary. They are given merely by way of un- twer to thore threatening, and, as we think, unseasona- Die clamors raised within the last few cays by the semi- official organs cf the Vieona and London press. The ob- ject is 50 trapsparent, under existing circumstances—that of creating a8 rt of moral pressure—tuat no one will al- low himself to be taken in by it. It it is passing strange to ree the journals of England— who in this war bas only played a secondary part—hold- ing forth every day to Ruasia in a threatening tone, the conditions of peace which they condercerd to consider ac- ceptable, the Austrian journals, one would think, assign with far lees grace the same motives to their governomen’, which bas much Jess right than England bas to hid le its own ambitious and selfieh views under unjustifiable and selfith pretensions. ‘The question whesher Russia is or is not interested in cone!udin; ae at this preseus time is very debatable, aud very a jerently judged. Wo ovght then to beware bow we render the solution of that yues- tion too difficult, [Corerpondeace of the London Times.] Vianna, Jan. 2, 1855. The following despatch will probably appear ‘of little in portazce to the majority of your readers, but in reality it Is not 60 >— Konscsnraa, Dee. 31, 185. We learn from St. Petersburg that the Kmperor has ordered the Minister of the State Domine to raise another corps of Chasseurs to do battle against the of orthodoxy aud holy Russia. The word under)ined will produce the effect of an elec. trie sheck on the authors of the concordat. A despatch written by Count Nerselroce rather more than a year and a halt ago cox tained the expression “ Orthodox Church,” when spesking of tbe schismatic Greek Church, and it bas told against Russia ever since. The idea cf the es- tablirbment of a great 8 avonic Confederation is ridiculed here; but the progrom wade by the Russo Greek Coureh has given, and sti) giver, rerious a’arm to the Austrian government. May the fear ofa religious propagandi-m on the part ot Rusia vot have had somethiag to do with the concordat recently concluded bs ween Austria end Home? May the cunning Roman priests not have puryosely excited the fears cof their Austrian brethren? To these questions it is imparsible to give a peritiverepy, but itis a notonous fact tuat the Aus- irian Mhopa are extremely to Russia, Yestor- day, at 11 o’clcek in the morning, His Majesty the Em. yelér pleced the Larretle or cardinal’s hai on the head f the Archbirhop of Vienna. After the ceremony, which teck piace in the chureh attached to the impori st paiace,a “Te Deum’? was sung, anda tlessing given to the congregation by the new cardinal. [Correspondence of Paris Constibutionat'.] Sr. PEonnst Dec 2, 1855, Although Count Easterhazy has been here thiee dara private interview with Count Neasselrode the day befcre yerterday, the question of peace bas not made ove step in advance since my Inst letter, and, if ain forebodings are to be implicitly crusted, the chances of peace have coneicerably dimini-hed. Happi- ly Musecvite ciplomacy ix well understood abroad, end it is known that the public manifestations ave not always the true expression of its centimeuta and of its taovg: ls. However, all that is taking piace 19 not o? a nature 'o gre, conficence to the people, and the n m of ree Alexander Menechikoff to the post of } 'y Gov- enor-Gereral of Crenstadt has greatly alarmed the peace party. It was thought that the whole family of the Menrchikeffs was in diegrace; judge, then, of the effect preduced at the choice of the Faperor, ‘when no one surpected it. It ts @ trick of the old Kussinn parcy, which has beeeme quite live ¥ since the fail of Kars, and which, headed by the Grand Duke Constantine, does ali it can to continue the war. All agree that Prince Menschikoff is by no means fitted for the important post in which he has just been placed through the interest of the High Acmiral of Russia, Jn his long military career the Prince never gave proof of remarkable talent. You know him asa diplomatist, and every one has been erabled to form an opiaion upon Lim in the mission he fuifilied about three yeurs since at the O.toman Porte. It is to the supa Gciality of her Ar bassador Extraordinary that Russia is indebied for a wer cf which no one cen, as yet, foretell the end. Min- ister of Marine under the Jate Emperor Nicholas, Prince Menschikeff only left bebind him rezembrancos of his Rayrard and capricious character. As Commander-in- Chief of the exmy in the Crimea he had the singular ta- Jent of xtlowing the allies to land without opposition ancerting that he weuld throw them back into the sea— snd you are aware how he kept his promise at the ba°tle of the Alwa, When the Russian government recalled Prince Mens- chikefl frem the Crimea its deci-icn respecting him was founceé upcm the well-known incapacity of the Admiral- Generalissimo. His years had evidently not inersased his tact, milifary precision and skill in managing an amy, qualities Which he never possessed in an exainent Gcgrce. How comes it, then, that this unfortunate stra- tegist i# now drawn from oblivion, from the idle life which 50 woll ruited him, to be placed in the most im- pat position of the moment, the last bulwark of ureian power, the key of her capital? Nothing what- ever can explain this unexpected act, but 1: has oscasion- ed conriderable alarm in ali our circlos. The inhabitants of St. Petersburg bare been kept well informed, and the mstter is ct some interest to thom, of the immense preparations mace in France and Euglacd for pext campaign. The theatre of war will evidently be Firland, Now, the government is by no means sure of the populaticn, which, by tradition and connection, holds to Ewecen. Germs of ditcord have been discovered taere at varicus times of a» to show awish to quarrel th the Russian population. The prospect of secing the war transferre] to ro ungenial a soil is very disegreeable to our government; tbat of a formidable atiack by a'most irresistible means throws ® gloom over the capical which speaks volumes. It was hoped that the gover nment, in its foreeight, wor1'd at least have given ioCronstadt an energetic and skilful commander; the in perience of the porition, the dangers which threat- en us, the wishes of the country, all mace it aduty, But vo ore thought of Prince Mensshikoff, and { can aftirm that the Czar, who nominated him, would not havorigned vhe appcini men: had it not been for the untiring infla- ence ¥ hich surrounds him and endeavors to compromire bus in the eyes of the Russian pecple. However this may be, here we are under the special protection of Prince Kenschikef, ard not oply will he govern Cronstadt, but he wili have all the righta, powers and privileges reserved to a commancer in-chief of an army in time of war, and the sv perior direction of our land and sea forces; now, i the Prince dee vith our north fleet what he did withour scuth fleet—it he sivksitto ber the passege, which Is moat probable—we sball not have one ship left. The nemiration of Prince Mensebikei har, moreover, a tigniticancs which will escape no one fa Europe. Be is the promoter of the war, ove ofthe ocryp' ot the old. Furrian par'y; his rame thevefore means continuation of ike war. It is in this voit of view, erpeciaily, that the choice cf the Czar ir an enbapy one. Cur conferences continue daily. A‘l men of any note Delovging to the army attend thein regularly. Taose coureils ef war aro usually presided over by the Emperor in pereon, The ¢ixcussion turns exclusively on the de- tenes of the Ruesian territcry, on the means to be adopted to repel sninveion. This fear of an invasion, which is soniinusily starting up, efficiently denotes that Russia in nct invulnerable, and may te fought on her own avcund. ‘The fall cf Sebastopol produceda painfal feeling here, and people have not yet quite recovered from the surprise caused by the destruction of that place by the ratteries of the allies, Sebastopol was taken, and Cron- sinét theretere, it is fafd, may also fall, and,’once Cron- sadt pone St. letersbusg iain the honds of the allies, The dilewma is a rad one, and bears no comment. Will ol! be done that ovght to be done to spare the Orar the pain of abandoning the city of Peter the Great, and scehing a refuge at Moscow with his family and his Court’ Loneo boped Fo; now I derpair of it, ‘The ¢ogerress of Count Fsterhazy to exvlain to the Choncelior of the Empire the object of bis miki ought vo stir up the Russian government. The reply of Count Nerselrcde to the peace proposals is houny expested pothirg baa tranepired; but fs not tho whole note ad) ed en the 22d of December to the Hussian ambasen- eply by onticipa ion to Count Keterhagy’s ‘note? jd jain Lelieve the contrary; but, ike all men occupied with portion, we wre ccmpelied to say that Nat eorculer ie the res] exoreseion of the sentimeuts of the er mt—that ie to eny, that the bones of paave dinin feb, and wake sovu for sours ivepled by the provability of a continuance ofthe war. ! cannot bring mysel ‘Delievetbat Count Nesselrede’s circular is a mantfes tion meant to be med'tied a roxchive of double actio the cbjéct of which wonld be to cance to be accepted sufficing some smal! sscrifices hooked cm by our di, watists 10 a cocnmert which held cut no hope of an} ner do I thick that Count Nesselrede’s objec’ is to time; hostilities are suscenced during the winter, and Ccunt Fsterbuzy has not # definitive answer on the 13} of January, he will immediately leave the capital wil the members of bis embassy. Th few days which elapse between this and the 15th of January would ve iivile avail. Until the answer cf the Chancellor of the Empi Count Esterhezy’s vote is known, we can only form do jectures on ite tenor. When I spoke of forebodings, only alluded to the expression of opinion, It m bappen, and may God grant it! . be realized; but you might bet, to almost a dead ¢ tainty, that Count Esterbazy’s mission will be a failure M. Felix de Fonton, formerly Russian Envoy to Court of Hanover, #n4 before that Councillor of Emba: at Vienpa during the congress of 1854, definitively ‘Counsilior M. Just deceased. ckurch of zéed ss aneminent ¢ipomatist. His aequirem will be necessary to threw light upon so difficult « situ tion, Our firaneiul position {a far from improving. and want of coin is so great at the present moment that the} is an ayio of 10 silver cepecks er on each roub (iscleory). Misery increases, and the rigor of the maker it doubly felt. This morning, at 7 o'clock, yf thermometer (Reaumur) marked 21 degrees below zer. {Correspondence of London News.) ‘St. Pergnuuna, Dee. 30, 1955. Rumors of peace are wafted seross the frontiers by ortign poe and fiodan echo in the Russian \ut an impartial observer cannot help remarking th all the wishes expressed for ‘‘an honorable 2e,”? ao cloggea with conditions, that there but little (enance of the bel igerents agreeing about tH mesnin of that expression as about the interpretation the tsmous ‘four points” of the Vienna conferences. cyppot be denied that the power of the fanatical o| Riselan porty is greatly in the accendant, in c.nsequet of which the idea ia wore and more becoming) coofird in the minds of the credutous people that the Chris reigicn is endargercd, and that the present war is revually one of religion—the Crescent agzinat the, Cros} It ovght not to be overlooked that any restric ion tho despotic power onc aitrioutes of the Czar, an avy bumiliairg conditions im such ay tH alievation of territory; payment of the war expen’ the cemand of a wateriul guarantee tor bis keepty the peece in iuture, or disarming his fortress —would only tend) to lower bim in the eyes of people, who ‘are taugtit trom their youth upwards / ray Pbim the adoration and reveresee due to tH Deity himself; and this could not be done withod mabirg a wide breach in the relations hitherto subsis ing between the Emperor and the people, and wo reve an fenovation dangerous to the former aud jeatly bewildering to the iattor, as they are totally uf prepared for avy such sha ge, which wust shake to th vey foundation their coniicence in the ‘‘orthodd church.” The Russians believe firmly in the versio given by the government ax to the cause and origin ‘the war, and thst as Turkey would not agree to the pi posals wace by the Fmperor for ameliorating the cond tion of tho Chrittians in ire Fast, it ia merely a qua between Rusia suc Turkey, in which none of the ott Powers of Europe have any right to inte:fere, and it for tbat reason that they are so embittered again Frevee ard Erland, The Marine Journal coutains the folowirg padlicatio —In coneideration of the necessities of the war requiri a great number of cfficers for service in the land teries anc other fortitiee places on the Baltis coast ne sprirg, the commander in-calef of the guacda and eor| of grenadiers bas demanded the service of tho'e naval q ficers in the lund batter‘es for the defence of the co who, from their wounds, are incapacitated from serviq afloat Great activity In the arsenals, and great want of and silver money, are the two facts most prominent advices from St. Petersburg. In 8 letter from that capes}, dated the 26th ult., publiched in the Bertin National Gazette, we road:— Notwithstanding the numerous issues ef paper mon rereated loans, and patriotic gifts of no inconstierad amount, money—i. +. gold and silver—has become e| ceedingly vearce. It is affirmed that even in the B rovinces, where trade is mo.e active than in ovher 0 ‘iets, nothirg but paper money is to be seen tro Gatchina to Kewno. The Minister cf Finances has repestedly sought remedy thie state ot things; but all his endeavors, foiled by the practice which the Russians hsve of hia their roubles while war lasts. He has therefore b thought bimeelf of the vote of the Couneil of Stata, the 7th of February, 1819, for the issue of copper coif age tothe amo.-nt cf three millions of roubles. A new vote to the ramo effect, under dite Novemb 20, 1856, has been exnotioned by the Emperor. A see: issue of copper coinage, to the extent turee miilio of riubles, will therefore teke place at the rate of thirf two siiver roubles to the poud. Tn a letter from the same place, of a day’s later dat ard published in the Hamburg Intelligencer, it is said: ‘Tbe energy witn which the armaments aod other, py parutions for war are proceeced with aceords little wij the reports of perce which are heard ali over Ruroy A special measure has just been put into execution view ot the cam paign in the North, with which we thicatene?, Geveral ludiger, ‘commandant of gnardand the grenadisrs, bas issued the full tieation:—“In consequence of the large number ef o| cere required next year for the service of the shove bi teries avd the redoub's construcied for the defence he Ealtic c asts, naval officers, whore wounds have Cered them incapable of active service with the fivet, invited to serve in the coasting batteries and redoub! AFFAIRS IN PERSTA. IMPORTANCE OF HERAT—RUSSL. POLICY 1N THE EAST. We find the following in the Ost Veuteche Pest of Vi ra, of the 20th wli.:— Whilt the Journal de St Pelersbourg count of the grand reception grven of the Peraian En' Extraordinary at the Coast of the Emhoror Alexand ihe telegreyh bas in ormed us that the English Eavoy| the Court ot Persia bad s*ruck his flag. Another despa! has since given us the key to these contrasts by annou ing that the Persians have taken possession «f the ress of Herat. Some words of explanation are nesess bo hey to enable a judgment to be formed of this a1 of things. Herat is the capital of the Principality of that naaJ which is rituate in the middle of the piatean of the and 1s bounded on the weat by Persia, and on the east Cabvl. itis corsidered to be one of the best fortid towns in the East, and according to eastern historisus, citidel da es at far back as the time of Nebuzbadnezsar.| is the grand centre of commerce between Wes‘ern Perst the Trunsoxave and India; and the importance which Persians attach to Herat is sv ficiently indicated by moved, ‘Khore:son is the shell of the world, and He F Thi int only acquires importance Europe from the efforts which Russia and England ig in the north of india to extend their rule, Russia ond Fagiand have both fully perceived fmporience of Herat, and have each sougli though in a different manher, to increase th influcree in that country. It’ is well known the Persians, supported by Russian forees, attem'p in 1822 1 get pcssersion of that fortress, bat ther effoy failed in cousequence of the English hay aceored latter. The attack was renewed in 1838 with wore en gy, but this attempt was als” fruitless, as the Hog! compciled the Persians to beat a retreat. Urged en Russia, Persia. however, hus never ceased to sovet pessessicn ef Herat, On the other band, the Maglit were already at the gates of Affghanistan, and endeavd ed to checis Russian influence, which hai extended o the plaizs of Central Asia as faras beyond Bokhara. cps commenced fa 1861, at the period when ce ascended the throne. As no one wou reccgise him, Herat was considored as @ piase withou soaster, and was dieputed by different parties. A sho ine after, Russia concentrated a considerable force the frontiers of that principality, and moved ia s line towards Mecsched ad Herat. The Persians, though jealous at the movement of these troopa, allow them to proceed, hoving that they would sesist’ them exconting @ fresh attempt igeinst tbe fortress, hice the commencement ot the prosent war Ru bas enteavored to draw over the Shah of Persia to h side, and to annihilate the influence of England in th country, and the Cabinet of St, Petersburg appears aye at length found the price at which the court Persia bas consented to throw itself unconditionally int the aires of Russia. The conquest of Herat is e blew stiuck ageiost the interests of Kogland. That ecrtaiviy woud not have been possible without the sistenoe cf Russia, ard waa attempted simultaneous with the attack on Eeis. If Muglaud has undertaken t} presext war in con*iceration of the dangerous extenst of the pewer of Kuseia iu Asia, whet chance of sucse cun there be of peace when the interests of Exgland ha’ Just been more materislly affected than they have b since the commencement of the war? Woe think that tl Asiatic question will yet play a groat part in that rel tive to the balance ot power in hurope, TALE OF HORROR., THE GREAT POISONING REVELATIONS IN ENGLANI Sixteen Persons Poisoned at Different Tim by « Surgeon—Among toc Numoer w Lo @ Geooye Bentincw, and the Polsome: Wite and Brother=jImmense frauds on t Life Insurance Companies=New Way Caneel Lobe | Bets. Frem the I¢zdon Times, Dec 24.) For those who regars murder as ‘ono of the fine ar thesudcen death cf Jchn Parsons Cook, at Rugele: about a menth ogo, isa fitting pencant to’ the lingertd ceath ¢: Mrs, Wooler, at Buraon. It ia really high a1 jabbing’ in blood The assassins, whoe upen the gross handling of thoss murdai * OMMERCIAL ablishes an they be, col who use bnife, or pistol, or bindg tempt as ecademicacs bestow upor 4 that advanced ste. A ‘het drowning a fellow-ereatu st, or pouring hot lead into h him ooareely like a rat, {sw jon following wih fearfal’ guilf irg is tobe dono, tt must be © dérkest deed of blindest passion ma ‘ith che patience and elosrsightadnel last stcoke of enmity, the uokia eult ae Tzank Walton ‘recommen: g on his hook—“ tender'y, * Burke and Courvoisier a ast 1 DK aye men carrying assassin tion to a pt ment that leaves hiitle to be ried, being oly afew degrees bebind the perfection that Us sutal art whieh desty oyed life with a kiss, with} nerigsy. or Wika boc's we leaves of which coald only turnec with w weited Orger. The death of Mrs. Wool was eld to have been effected by some one ski in fle vee of pokons, and who administered aysen in (med) deves (rough a protracted period; the result Which wasa conetieahe (iMsulty in detecting the pt rerce ci powon in tke tory, The death of Mr, Cook nypmentiy elected By ome ona equally ekitted, #)Cidtd cineral polsvm aad used a vegetable one,