The New York Herald Newspaper, August 13, 1855, Page 3

THE NORTHERN ANTI-SLAVEBY AGITATION. Secession Movement in Virginia, ‘The State to be Armed and Drilled for Aetive War. ben, de. e MILITARY DEFENCES OF VIRGINIA—DUTY OF THE LEGISLATURE. ¥rom the Richmond Enquirer, Aug 10.) L jife to the Union—may its shadow never be lesa! Ts was Sapiipsed! € “establish justice, ensure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common de- fenee, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity,” and, therefore, we love und cherish it. Lt was the work of demi gods, and hence we revere it. But we have fallen upon evil times. There is rea- son to apprehend, that it is to be perverted from its noble ends and used for fur different purposes. If it pass under the control of fanaticism, then will jus- tice be overthrown rather than established, domestic tranquillity give place to intestine couvulsions, the common defence and general welfare be disregarded, and the biessings of liberty lost to ourselves and our posterity. Anti-slayery agitatiui® threatens to aecom- pay these fell Re es. It wasa union of slave tates in its birth; and when the institution of pnw 8 ed to be a source of ineqnality and injus- tice, Union, as originally constituted, will have ceased to exist. ‘That condition, we fear, is already in aight, and hing can avert it but the gallant stand for the constitution made by Northern men. We of the ith must be, in the main, paasive spectators of the strife. All that we can do is to save our friends reproach, by the moderation of ovr conduct, and to shire, hei them by the firmness of our atti- tude. This is all we can do for the Union; but there 38 much to be done for ourselves, and but little time to perform it. na few years Kansas will probably ask admission into the Union asa slave State, and may be refused. It needs bnt free soil predominance in House of Representatives to ve thisend. If refused ad- mission into this Union, she will undoubtedly be re- ecived by another, and the United States, South, will begin their career. This proposition is too clear for argument. Nothing but rank cowardice induce the South to acquicsce in the ex- clusion of a slave State on the score of slavery. We assume, therefore, that the South will not ac- quiesce, aud, consequently. we fear that, in a few Years, Mason’sand Dixon’s line may be the boundary of foreign powers. The possibility of this event creates grave respon- sibilities. Virginia will be a frontier State. Shoald ‘war unhappily occur between the two republics, she will receive the first shock. The bare possibility of this thing demands ee Ok eter so fur as dt may be made without hastening the event and with strict fidelity to the constitntion. Hf constitutional retaliation can be devised, and will probahly be effectual, let us try it, but let not the failure of constitutional expedients find us unpre- pared for the change in our political relations that Thust ensue. ‘The next peeneusriire will find the commonwealth threatened with this contingency, and in the main unprepared for it. They will find her without an organized military force, save a few companies of volunteers, and without the means of concentrating troops with the bia poe indispensable in modern y re. The constitution prohibits us from keep- ing troops or ships of war, but it does not prohibit a well organized militia, or a judicious system of mili- Be comuronications, Nhe Legisiatare will be faithless to its gravest du- ties if it a ra withoutorganizing the militia and providing tor the completion of such lines of im- provemeat as will subserve military us well ax com- mercial purposes, We ave civilians, and wholly incompetent to plan asystem of military defences for the State, but there are some general considerations dictated by common sease, which even civilians muy present without pre- sumption. It is generally conceded that_a whole population cannot be drilled as soldiers, The abandonment of the old militia musters shows the opinion of our peo- ple ont patie. Nothing, therefore, remains but to classify the adult male population and to drill such portion as may be withdrawn from their usual avo- cations without public detriment. bee, there are not less than 200,000 fighting Stute. One-tenth of these might be ut injury to themselves or to the public. We sce uo reason’ why each of the existing regi ments, increased in pumbers to 200, might not be re- wired to furnish a company of volunteers, or of raughied men, at their option. These companics should be armed, amended periodically at the regi- mental muster grounds and drilled. ‘The diuates of the Military Institute might be ired to conduct there drills, insteed of teaching school, as they are now required to do. a The companies might be organized into regiments, beget and divisions, and into infantry, artillery and ¢; Ye ‘The advantages of snch a system would be that, while ne man would be carried out of his county, or | injurioasly withdrawn from his business, yet every county in the State, exe: some of the sinallest, we have ove or morc military companies, ready ty assembie at a moment's Largan hy suppress insur- rection or for police purposes. State would pos- sess a corps of 20.000 men, armed, organized and drilled, and capable of being assembled in whole or in part, at short notice, for the pu eof offensive or defensive wartare, without seriously interfering with the ordivary pursuits of the people at large, or burdening one section more than another We know of no objection that can be urged to | such an organization, except the difiiculty of assem- bling the companies for battalion drill.” This diffi- culty is incident to every system except the im- practicable and exploded one of drilling the whole adult popa! m. ‘The momen this is dropped and the pri le of classification adopted, it becomes: difficult io assemble the wisite number of men without trousporting them a consideraljle distance, Nevertheless the difficulty is not insurmountable Where the population is dense it docs not exist, and where the companies are widely dispersed, they should not be asserabled #0 often as in other eases. | The service would not herder than in the preseut ad therefore the men might be kept enrolled several years, wud by the periodical discharge of a certain proportion and the iva i Von of an equal number of new men, it would be e still easier. 7 at volte part of the proposed such a pany was formed, of couse drafting woald not Le required, | yy some such Kvetem, an élite corps would be ale ways at command to suppress insurrection, repel in vasion or act offensively, if required. Only one t x more would then he needed for the present. Armies without the means of concentration ver companies wld form a are useless, and in modern wurfare this is effected hy | 4 steam, and with a rapidity not dreamed of thirty years ago. Twenty thousand men, dispersed thro: tbe State, would be available to suppress insur tion, but not to repel invasion, unless other means of transportation than the system of miliary comm able to the safety of the State, and show ked to forthwith To our unsophisticated view, the connnercial lines already marked out are in the main » militesy defence requires. We call au map of Virginia, 1t will be found that the northern frontier presents what in military parlance we be lieve is called a salient angle. ‘The north-weatern face of this angie is covored by the Ohio and the north- eastern, to some extent, by the Potomac. Neither of these rivers conld le crossed hy an invading army if well defended, bot the space Letween them, consti- toting the pointof the angle snd a portion of its right face, no such protection. Moreover, the ranges of mountains aud the rivers rom from the cen- tre of the State towards this opem space, and this present avenues of approach instead of lines of de fence. Hore, then, is the weak point on the north- ern fronticr. On the east we are wholly exposed to maritime invasion. An cnemy, master of the ocean, tld land where he likes There ia but one Ve «i thet i@ Hampton Roads. A ot 0 ie the « with an army on board, mi land itia Lywnhaven bay, within twelve miles o Norfotk, or in York river, within forty miles o Richmond. Fortunately for oa, however, the railroads already coustincted or ander contract, radiate from these two points to the interior. and need bot completion 10 d the desirable means of concentrating force at cither point. We should say, then, com without delay the Petersburg and Norfolk and the Richmond and York fiver roads, tor they are mili- tery roads of the first importaner. On the vorth, matters are not so favorably situat- ed, bat still, sen bere many of the roads tend in the right direction. The road from Hagper's fei to Wheeling, partly on oar own «nd partly on fi a ly soil, fermi: » means of Communications from ome flank to the other of the weak position on the novthern frootivr, The Parkersburg braneh rns off in a soutgwesteriy direction; the Hampshire and Laadioun road to the southeast, ond the Harper's leads off to the sonth. tows Alieghany region is wholly insulsted —tiat it hus no commanteation with the northern frontier, | PErnph & peeeerions one up (he Ohio, end aon with | single northern seaport. | and Chartestown road, together with the Me- | Adamized roud from the lstier place to Sternton, | ti | eotomer of Kan Juan. Bot it will he observed that two-thirds of the, | it bax been gottes up i i g 4 é = 2. t Hl é 2 H i 2 i ze : E Ee ty él por and rahe a it not only of the trans-Alieghan; connects us with r. this road is unfinished, ma: be regarded a3 peraliaed. taeléen tb false am aay ie wha to succor the exposed northern defenceless sea-board, for the cam be decided before it could extricate itself from the mountain ranges east of that river. The completion of the Cor ie one Ohio. road, and the filling up the gaps Staunton and Harper's Ferry, seem necessary to pper g defences of the State on a le footing. The Lynchi and Charlottesville foad is also important - fi aS ing the connection of the northern fron- tier wit! the southwest. We call upon the Legislature to consider these matters, and to give us a military force and the means of using it. Let it be done calmly, and with- out threat or menace. Avoid every measure calcu- lated to wound our friends, but omit nothing neces- sary for our own defence. Practical measores, and not abstract resolutions, are what the le wish and expect. No exception can be taken to the measures we have indicated, for they are strictly constitutional and eminently pro- per. Carry them out, and we shal! be ready for whatever fate has in store for us. DEMOCRATIC FREE SOIL VIEW OF THE SUBJECT. ‘THE SOUTH CRYING “WOLF” AGAIN. From the New York Evening Post of Augurt 308 Whenever our slaveholding neighbors have m doing or meditating anything ularly outrageous towards the North, they are sure to accompany it it with a how! about disunion and the impossibilit: of living longer under the same national roof wit! people who treat them so unfairly. When they were rying to get the free territory of California and New Mexico converted into a slave State, our read- ers will rememfer what an ado was made about the wrongs of the South, and that separation or dishonor were inevitable. When they got the fugitive alave law, which con- verted every Northern man and woman into slave- hunters, one would have supposed by the clamor of its friends that the Union could not endure another hour without the interposition of Divine Providence. Recently a greater outrage upon the rights of the North has been Val neeoee than was ever contemplated before, in the violent introduction of slavery into Kansas. To reconcile the people who have been wronged, to this rnffianly prccesaing, it has been necessary to resort to the old tune; the dan, of the Union. This music is now heard simultaneously in all biobte of the Union, as in 1850. Yesterday we pub- ‘ished a letter from Senator Benjamin, of Touisiana, designed to show that our republic could not possi- hly endure beyond the political life of the next Con- gress. To-day we quote from the Richmond Enqui- rer a long article apparently extracted from the first message of the Governor elect, the probable candi- date of the disunionista for the presidency at the next election, in which we are told that the refusal to admit Kansas into the Union as a slave State must make Mason and Dixon’s line the boundaries of foreign States, and in view of that result asking the Legislature to take steps immediately to have the Siate put into a condiiion of military defence. ‘The writer says there are two hundred thonsand fighting men in Virginia, and that one-tenth, or twenty thousand ought at once to be drafted into the militia and carefully drilled by the graduates at the military school. With an army thus disciplined and trained, the writer thinks but one thing more would be requisite to render the Old Dominion impregnable to the assaults of freesoilers. She must have rail- roads to move her troops with; hence the necessity for immediately completing the Peteraburg and Nor- folk, and Richmond and York river, the Covington apd Ohio, and the Lynchburg and Charlottesville railroad This is very absurd and childish twaddle, and yet it is with just such twaddle that Southern journals, and Southern conventions, and Southern politicians will teem until the Kansas question is finally dis- posed of, Such twaddle has sufficed to frighten the commercial and manufacturing interests of the Northern States before now, and it ix expected that it will serve the same turn again. Richmond and New Orleans have already given the cve through or- gans of opposite political parties, and we may ex- pect to_hear of nothing but the hopeless prospects of the Union, until the South has realized or aban- doned all it hopes to accomplish in Kansas. We have a euspicion that the Northern people have heard this wolf's ery of dissolution once too of- ten, and that since the emigrants have ot possession of Castle Garden, it will be difficult to rally enough Union savers in the free States to pa y the wages of the drummers. At all events, we shall wait till those railroads are completed, and we have some such sub- simntial evidence that our Southern veighbors are in eurnest. If, by the clamor of disunion, the Virgin- ivns conld Le persusdnd to complete the roads deemed so essential to her military defence, by the writer in the Enquirer, without coming to Wall street for the money to do it with, we should be half disposed to join in the cry ourselves, for those improvements would be of infinite service to Virginia, while the disnnion bughear, we suspect, ia past doing much harm. Meantime we respectfully commend to the medita- tion of Southern statesmen, and especially to the writers for the Enquirer, the contents of a paper from the pen of Mr. Benton, which we publish in another part of this sheet. They will there find food for a doubt whether the discontent of the South with the existing confederacy, is a consequence of, or in any way connected with the institution of sla- very. Mr. Renton thinks not. He thinks, and we agree NEW YORK HERALD, MUNDAY, AUGUST 13, 1855. i | | } i | with him, that it resalts froin a disregard by the | federal government of these doctrin struction which are indispensable to a feir and equi- table distribution of political rights and privdexes between the Stat nd to the encours to all kinds of special and protective legislation which has inured especially to the benetit o northern seaports. Mr. Benton might have ilnstrated this view by a reference to the gratuities paid by the federal gor vernment to oceen mail steamboat monopolies, equal alone in amount to all the other postal service of the United States, and nearly equal to all enjoyed by a The theory that the North and the South heve any incompatible interests in relation to she is of qnite modern origin, and the most unfortunate delnsions that the can ze im = Demagognes begut it, f oursge it for the very purpose the eyes of Southern people while pick Mr. Collins, the J 1 iurden Union Safety © £200,000 from the general governme a bonus | for the Liverpool line of steamers, of hy he fs the agent. The princi peenniary relioner of what ore known 94 the jonal” or “bard democracy | of this State, George Law, i¢ also the grantee of something like half a million of doilers annually for | a Tine of steamers which he assisted to establish be- tween New York and Californis. It is each men and ench interests as there that have given to every slavery issue of late years sneh mousivous wm rite natural propertions at the South; for in that way have these gigantic jobbers and contractors discov ered that they could best suceeed in dividing the two grew —— at the North, and thereby secure # species of balance of power in Congres#, and through it the grunts which are daily making the Southern States more and more feeble, und more and more de- pendant apon the Northern industry, Northern com- eree und Northern capital. The south has alrendy Jost as much av she iw worth, through these Unionsavers whom «he has taken to her bosom, and until she can ugtee to sub mit paticntly to the decision of the federal govern- ment upon all questions of federal jurisdiction, and aswiat faithfully in bringing back the government to the old democratic republican baasix, eschewing al! special legislation, ucither Union nor dieunion will afford her any substantial relief. The New Telegraph Line Across the Isthimns of Panema. TO THE EDITOR THK HERALD. Panama, daly 29, 1855. A+ you will no donbt he glad @ learn the pro. gress of the new telegraph line here, | lowe no time in letting you hear of ovr movements After a very pleasant passage out, we came insight of the Isth- mons. eighteen days from the tine of leaving Sandy Hook. Immediately on arriving the line was staked out, sud with the sxsistanee of the laborerason the route, Loles were dug, and everything was in readi- uess to mise the polea, which, | am sorry to say, were kept nader deck notil a large iron hoat conkl be removed. On this accoont affuirs have been deinsed # fow days, bat now all the poles are distributed, the ofices arroged, and we expeet to have the line in working order, 4004 that we can leave for home in the George Law, which sails from Aspinwall oa the l6th of Angust. Mr. Stoker, our contractor, wad alk hands are in the enjoyment of excetleat health and rite, The weather here is uncommonly fluc for season of the year. The natives aay it ix the Probubly it ix, bul we Usdak exprestly on oar acconat. If e weather favorw us for the next ton daye as it las up te the present time, the line will be eompirted in 6 (rtaigh’, withont the les teourte. 1 Ai strict con- | agement given | | had taurdered several of the prisoner's | lying at the me | | grievous and humili ADDITIONAL FROM SOUTH AND CEN- TRAL AMERICA, In addition to the news which we gave in yester- day’spaper from thee regions of the worid, we have extracted from the journais the following itema, which will be found of interest. CHILE. A between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the ic of Chile has been celebrated at Santia- ao ce et of See 1854. The ata prov! TF a perpetual between’ countries. ‘The veconi declares that shall be @ eeohproetty of trade between all the ‘ter of Chile and the dominions of her Britannic , aad that the veasels of war of cither may enter into all the rivers, ports and harborw of the For plese ig and Gare supplementary te the last, provide against the of amau- ual duties on Is, XC, sri “Articles 7,8, 9,10, Il and 14 guard the rights of citizens of the one country while residing in the territories of the other. Article 12 Revie for the appointment of Consula. Article 13 provides for the return of de rerters from the army and navy. Article 16 gnarsu- tees freedom of religion to the citizens of gither country, while residing in the territories of the other, and provides for establishment of ceme- teries for such subjects exercising a different reli- ae belicf from that prevailing in the country. ‘he treaty is to be ratified and the ratifications ex- changed in Santiago within two years, and is to re- main in force for ten years thereafter. ‘The papers of Valparaiso record the death of the French architect, M. Brunet des Baines. He died at the capital, when just on the aol of returning to his native country. He has left valuable and lasting memorials of his taste and skill, which fully warrant the universal regret felt at his lors. Grain continued in demand owing to the exporta- tion to Australia. Senor Olivarria, captain of the national steamer Maule, which waa wrecked some time since, hid been tried by court martial, and had been sentenced to receive a higher grade of rank. PERU. The political news from this republic is unimpor- tant. day was drawing near for the assembling of the national convention, but about its operations little can as yet be said with any certainty. Though called for the Lith of June, it was delayed to meet about the clave of the month. The most important, measure is in reference to coinage. Hard dollars are to be coined of silver 10 dineros 20 grains fine, 480 grains each, and fractions of the dollar in proportion. The price of silver bul- lion, 11 dineros 22 grains fine, is 10 dols, 25 eta. the bai at the mint in Lima, and 10.12% in the mint at ‘ARCO, ‘The first million of dollars, promised as indemnity to the owners of slaves, has Leen paid, at least a be- ginning bas been made. Four hundred thousand dollars of the debt of the late revolution has been paid at from 93 to 1%]. The foreign holders of bonds cousolidated refuse to enter into arrangements with the L govern- ment for cancelling them, but have plared them in the hands of their reapective ministers. The domestic state of the country is by no means favorable. The masses are in a turbulent condition. The roads immediately about Lima are infested by robbers, who keep honest people in continual alarm. Commerce is at a stand still, BRAZIL. itis said that Paraguay has vent a Charge d’ Affaires to Rio Janeiro to hasten negotiation, and that the Paraguayan government not ouly opens its rivers to the Brazilian flag, but to every foreign flag. THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA. ‘The first Constituent Assembly of the State of Panama convened on the 15th of July. Francisco Fabrega was elected President; Blas Arosemena Vice President, and Manu el Morro, Secretary. In the speech of the President he indicated that the two great necessities to be met were the election of a hief officer of the State, and the passing of 0. pro- ional law pending the formation of a political con- stitution. The body thereupon proceeded to yote for the chief officer, and elected by 24 votes Senor Justo Arosemena. Projects for a constitution have been presented, and were under discussion. President, on being installed, made aa appropriate speech. We give the following extract from his address: Monarchy, the cherch and #lavery have been the three great institutions with which republicanism has had tofight in Spanish America. But the land, the soil, was notan element of power; ite ¢ was immense; the siistecratic propensities whic erect hereditary rights and bonds were held in cheek; and the land once cleared of viceroys, masters and ecclesiastical dignitaries. the foundations of the re piblic would have been firmly laid. But the war of fide pendence in destroying mouurcy, substitated for it what was no less averse to the popular canse. The military spirit having been of necessity devel- oped; dictatorship having been authorized to obtain tricmph in the days of conflict, the military epiri and dictatorship took root in our soil, * * * Ent our territory bax heen freed from all the ene- mies of republicanism, We look comanacesery around and see only men in the full enjoyment of their dig- nity. Odious sla’ in nothing but # remembrance, ing. There is no privileged clergy intermeddling in civil afuirs, nor does poe lic authority tyrannize over the conscience, * We have li We are brethren, bound by the ties of the philosophy originated in Nazareth; neither gold, nor high birth, nor religion, n hievements a ments of power to oppose or cut short the only t timate elcment of power—the will of the ple. * Let os have faith in the destinies of hui iby, arid let us not fear, as the jncrednlona fisherman, to walk erect on the undulating waters. the star which guides na in onr wandering. Let as follow it: the continent observes it, and it will de Mand an account at onr hands if we flag in our great design. Letus merch forward. “Faith and acti Br. € os Lopes av Obaldia hove been respectively aype nors of the provinces of Panama, Veraguas and Chirigni. The Pansma Star § Herald iv nity that the pri reduced to one diy trem fifteen to twenty A Chinaman was poms the eomnati- oe two kegs or jars, though nite ia still demanded. ntly arrested near Panama for mardering one of hi< countrym ‘The murder er freely confessed the crime, stating, at the same time, that bia vieti was very bad man: that he tives in China prier to coming here, and that he, (the prisoner.) had come all the way from Chiga es. pe jally to be revenged is trial in prison, on " Hesympathy from his nirymen, whe take him daily # bountifal supply of food. The railroad company had commenced the buthd ing of the firett large iron laanch, whieh, ot the rite the work progresses, wonld soon be rewly for use. The material for another is on the Isthovus, and two more are expected boatmen will find their “oceup » workmen commenced Jul) the telegraph between Panama and Axpinwa!!. work will be finished in about three week». The mate of ting The fthe ¥. SN. Company at Talo gu, having lett bis ship in the evening, accompanied by one of his men, returned shortly atter midnight, it appears, ina state of intoxication, and wishing ta | get on board unobserved, atternpted to do so by means of the warp Seading from the fore part of the ship to the mole, In endeavoring to poss the warp, by the ship's waving or otherwise, he lost his hold, and fell into the sea. Hiscompanion got on beord safely, bot delayed giving proper The watchman of the Bolivia, lying alongside the Wreath, heard the splash, and hastened ta eall the sccand er, who immediately threw out ropes, and with a lenthorn endeavored to tind aud save him; his captain wus al #6 called, and the vearch was continned, bat no far ther trace could be disew i. The following morn- ing he was dragged for, and although the search con tinned for mony hours, it wis without #1 Moat probably the current, whiel ix very stron during the ebb carted «the body away into the hay. The k wae made by “nne one that the most. probab! “to bait a hook with « overboard.’ This, whether aecidentall way of finding hin wae, ieve of pork, and throw or inten | donaily, was done from the Sonors, and dering the morning of the eccond day, a shark took the bait, war hanled on board, and when out open, much to the astonishment of all, in the monster's stomach was found half « pig, together with the right arm oF the talrsing man, reAth a part of the shirt sleeve #til remaining, by which it wus easily identified to be that of the mate. peared as though the tlesh had been cut through to the bone, about midway between the elbow and shoulder, and there the bone was forcibly torn from the shoulder joint, leaving the upper balf quite bare. A man of the name of Nandall, who commanded the P. MLS. &. Co's epecic launch, waa knocked over benrd on the Ith Jnly,in Taboge hartor, and drowned. LYNCH LAW IN COSTA RICA. “ome thne last year a Carthagenian negro com titted « most cold blooded and atrocious murder in the province of Chirigui, for which be was appre headed, tried and condemned to death. Iti neece sary according to law, to refer the sentence for con. firmation to Sapreme Court, and as at thet Gime there wae no Bopreme Court, there could of coanm be no i the Governor would not aeame the reaponei ality, aad the eaiprit reamaoed in jail for nome meonthy, not, tired of the monotony of tin mode of Iring, be one pighs broke ont and com mit- The | ¥ jnst because we have no liberators. | 1 see in the Kast | ot water in that town has been | Knglish bark Wreath, that was | ted p second murder ander-eysally cold blooded cir cumstances. no} to search for him, but a sub- port geo monster il. Despite keeping such @ character: nee carla inte execution, jail for some or nine months und finally escaped nguD, » he succeeded in ta, @ little village on the Gait ot Dalee, territory of Rica. Asecon as the people there discovered ‘who the fugitive was, they assembled, arrested him and had hin ahot immediately. No Christian patriot can fail to be interested in the work of the American Sunday School Union. ‘That work for the last year is thus summed up in the thirty-first annual report:— The tociety has had in its service for a part or the whole of the year, three bundred and twentyfour missionaries, Of these, two hundred and fifty-six were students, mostly in a of ion for the Gospel ministry, who der their vacations to this work. ‘The reenita of the labors of the whole corps of mis- sionaries during the year, are as follows:—- Sunday schools organized where none pre- viously existed....... be «nine ence’ 2,440 Teachers induced to enter and coaduct these echools... 2... 0.4.5 Vesrvivien dc. ov! BOBS Children gathered into these schools - 97,054 Sunday schools visited, supplied with books, and aided in different ways. . vecee 18,668 ‘Teaohers in these schools. 24,85 Scholars in these schools, . . Total of Sunday schools organized or vi- aited .. RM sr 6,903 To these results are to be added the fruits of the labors of our setive and honored auxiliary, the New York Sunday Schoo! Union, whose increased useful- bess diving the past year has cheered and stinvulated the friends of Sunday school missions in great cities. Throngh the efforts of this auxiliary some twenty mission schools have been organized in New York and Brooklyn, not included in the previous stunmary. Into these schools about fonr hundred tener end four thousand acholars have been gath- ered. In the city of Philadelphia a similar movement has been commenced during the pany year, to result, we trust, in great and permanent good to the neglected ebitden and youth of this city, forty thousand of whom are uncared for by existin; sunday schools. ‘Throngh the agency of this associution three schools haye been organized. It thus appears that throngh the agencies employ- ed by this society, (excluding those opersting in our cities.) in one year, two thousand four hundred and forty Sunday kehools have been organized where none previously existed ; that more than sixteen thousand perrons have been induced to undertake the Sunday school teachers’ office in these schools, and that into them there have been gathcred more. than ninety-seven thousand children, Goeluding the labors of our auxiliary socicties, the number of children gathered into new schools is over one hundred thou- eand. Yet striking, interesting and cheering as are these facts, how very far do they fall short of con- veying to the mind the whole truth as to the good efiected by this simple agency! Who are these one hundied thonsend pupils thus collected tor Bille study on the Lord’a day? They are, in three cases out of four, if not in nine out of ten, the off- smring of parents cither careless as to the whole mat- ter ot personal religion, or, ep vice, infidelity or Remanism, rendered hostile to the Gospel plan of salvation. Left 2) their parents to roam as sheep without a shepherd, they have now been led into the fold of the Sunday school. And where are these schools formed? ‘They are in the hemlock woods of Maine; amorg the Green mountains of Vermont: at the foot of the Catskills; in the valley of the Alic- rbany range from Pennsylvania to Alabama; on the rairies ot the Northwest; and amid the forests of uthwest; and everywhere they are centres of us iniinence, planted for the most part where wintstry cannot be sustained; organized at yet triftl If-eupporting, self-conducting, they will live after the mis- confer on another neighbor- hood the same blessing. Were every one of these schools to coage at the end of six months, who would not say that in indneing sixteen thousand men and to collect one liundred thousand neglected morte! children into more than two thousand ‘abbath schools, Sabbath after Sabbath, for six society had done a work of surpassing eee and atility Lint when we remember that they are not to cease at the end of six months, but in the great 1 i of cases, ax experience bas shown, to go on ter year, offen to become the parents of other se the germs of evangelice] churches, and the nurse- ries of sonthfol piety, it is difficult to overestimate the de-irsblenees of this mode of home evangeli zation. wns Law Anosisnixa IM Devr—The law sholishing tin MENT FOI prisonment for debt in this State, except in. cases of frand, went into effect on the Fourth of July last and bas now Leen in operation for the space of a little over one month, a sufficient time to judge. in some degree, whether it will efeet what its origina tore desited. In the year 1864, the whole number of debtors taken to the jail war 611, but a great num- ber of these were immediately allowed to go ont on the limits, ns it ix ealled—that is, to any part of the county, on giving bonds to appear at a prescribed time.” Ver the year 1+55,up to the time the law was repealed, 422 debtors were carried to the jail. For the thi ven days that the new law has heen in operation, but five persons have been taken to the jail for debt. In three of these cases, it was | alleged by the plaintiff that the defendants had pro- erty not exempted from taxation, and intended to leave the Stuic. One of these was arrested for a debt of $100. He hed, he sald, $500 in gold, but weuld not pay, being rather ugly, bet, after his commitial, lis wife came forward paid discharged, having been in jail ”. Another was a Nova Scotia captain, Who 1 the debt within twenty-four hours; the third w nined for twelve days, two Com- missoner having refused to administer to bin the poor debtor's oath, he net answering satisfactorily, Hut it was at last viven by a third yCommissioner. ‘The two others are #tillin jail. One is the case of « man who committed an asanlt spon another, and for which he was sued for damages, having refased even top the clothes which | up. He ix eonined © he cannot giv The other person confined is a of a veowel and bis eave 's rather a «ingular ¢ 1e belongs in Bucksport, Me., amd aailed from this port in a brig for st. Catharine's. There his. owners al lege, he borrowrd money on Lottomry at heavy inter ext, ond wold rigeiag and stores to the extent in all of $8,000, Some $000 of thia he laid ont on the versel, Ww he kept in port for # long ml. Aw he was about coming bome he indticed Spanish girlatthe port te come with bum inising to hi he has already a wife at Bucks loons to Ue aanount of ab gahore in hia qnadrant 500, whieh they allege nit for, lat whieh he aeacnilting ‘The owners ene bin he haa failed to He i# also detained on a charge of of his crew. Under the old contined. This p one jaw there is hut one person now mon wes originally arrested on ted, he frandnient eonveyanes of pro having be leged wguinst the present, therefore, impricomne nt for )! ie practicowlly at an Ii is wai, however, thut the lawyers are only resting on the eee whit they con do and what they cannot. | of them soy that they can commit when a person to pry cote neering in # Case where they eaten, sich os ab ejectinent cas, for instance when » person is warned ont of s honwe, and le alle fo. tut will not, pay the legal eoxts (me of the greatest hardships under the old Low aos when ® person was arrested for datmayes for slender gud could not give bail. An unlucky slip of the tongue sent them to jai They were mestly women, ope having been there for this ¢ for bout half a dozen Gimes. This is all done away with now. =Hoston Traveller, Aug. | criminal charges; these having been» now he move Sure Canat ae Caw ana. Ant linportant ment is now being made for the construction of « -bip canal from Toroate ta the Grorgivn Hay, in Canada. The sabject ia hein Conada, bat in Rochester, } end other Western Lake porte, f Trade held # meeting on the Oth Low! cirealar from the Toronto Board of Tra: nd discussed, The Chicago Board “et cumittee to invite the Boards of Milwieuk) to, Rochester, Ogdensborg, Kington, Montreal and Quebec to unite in the movement, and petition the Canadian Parliament for a + harter. | They abo egreed to cooperate with (he Toronto Hoard in waking « preliminary eurvey of the route. The Rochester rat ways that “gratiemen bigh io the Canadian Cabinet are now in |ooton with « view ta ine 9 tock company and get a charter | from Part yt, that pny Toronto in No vember. Th is aise understood the Canadian (atnaet favor the plou, and that the Governor General wi'l recommend @ loan to the company A half the cot of the Canal by iwuing debemtary at Wiree per erat interest, ranterd te Britieh gover ment, thet readily wet) af parin Parope. The lengtty f the canal ‘will be bat eighty miler. and +10 wave nine hundred miles ff lake marie on New Hasremtan Prominrrony Law. The Maine Laner which wae pared a | the New Harspehire Legivlatore, will £9 int) opery thm today. agitated, not only in vw York, in Chieago The Chicago Board tat which hours, Aa yon approach thia latter ‘the nee- ery vescabin Wore varia ants ea Hewati- ful villas peep out from the of groves of pine and towering, poplar, whilst far in the distance, buildings oceupying more commanding poriti: lof tier mien, and ve domes, raise: their forms—an occasional glimpse of the bine waves of pay at adds to the diversity and beauty of We Konigsberg containa vear 60,000 inhabitants, and is now so etrongty fortified that a second Beaning- ton might meet with serious difficulty before #uc- cesefully storming ite ram) of the trade that was heretofore carried on. trong Baltic ports is at present transacted here. Hemp ix the chief article of export, whilst quantities of cotton, sugar and other necessities of life are receiy> ; ed in return and transported babe) to all parts of the interior of Rossia. One of the two oa retaining castles, built by the old Teutonic Knights, who, some five or six centuries ‘ago, wer: the lordly owners of the Southern Baltic abore, is here te be seen—its high walls and lofty keep retain- ing all their original majesty and grandeur. It i+ now used for public offices, a Bult of rooms being re- served for the King when he visits hia loyal subjects of this favorite province. There too ia to be seenthe humble cottage in which Kant lived, and wove his metaphysical threads of thought into a web of trans- cendental nonsense, Near by is hia favorite prome nade, where his inaterial body sought aid and exer- cise by moving to and fro, whilst the nobler part of his being, bursting from it pee home of clay, wandered far into the regions of the great unknown. In honor of him it is now called the philosopher's walk, Leaving Kc iceberg in the morning, I reached the Prussian frontier early the following morning. The ride in a comfortable mallepost, over the beautiful | roads of which Kussia ia go justly proud, waa any- thing but disagreeable, A striped pole, large asa giant's fishing rod, awung over the road, marks the Loundary line. Near this is the police or government station to which you are driven, and quietly alighting, must submit not only your baggage and passport, but also your object in visiting his Majesty's do- minions, toa rigid examination. All news) and even scraps of printed matter, are destroyed, and should you be in possession of any books, they are taken, and after being neatly packed and sealed, ase given in your care to be carried to St. Peters burg, they requiring you to rign on obligation to de- liver them upon your arrival to the Censor, by whom they are examined, and if of a proper character re- turned to their owner. Should any, however, hap- pen to be upon the prohibited list, such are retained until you are ready to leave the country, or sent to any point designated beyoud the boundary. The Goyernor of the station is a kind gentlemanly wan, making the exactiona required by law in a courteous manner, Upon learning the object of ny visit he greeted me warmly, and appeared deep! grateful for the sympathy extended towards Ruasin boundars ret rirned, is usually filed with straw, upon whic yourrclf und culmly enjoy the of a rapid pace over a rough road. from twelve to twenty versts apart, a verst b equal to two-thirds of an Englh mile, these the horses und teleg: the former at the rate of 24 kopeks (3 centa) verst cach, and tuking a4 many a8 yon choose. ropes. At Muriampol we struck the great road leading Warsaw to St. Petersburg. This was bnilt by peror Nicholas in 1845, to facilitate travel n the two capitals. Formerly it was one of the best roads in the world, but is now much eut up hy the heavy freight wagons and tranaporta. We continued to trave inthe telega until we reached be recollected us the stream in the middie of whieh Alexander J. and Napoleon met on » raft in Jone, 1807, and conelnded i h led soon wf terwards to the treaty Ip to this pla our route lay throng) Rus#lon Voland. Barren heat and beggars, thick a boulders on her plains, were the chief objects of attraction, Polit inde: ntyy and witness not y plains and the gr de. penden only the barr eay of her v people in all those qualitics that ennoble man. The day of Polish and withdraw all por between whem she doubt if phe merit suff temple ins of the old, At Kowno, tired of the Telega, we procured a pri position by the thy possenses intriy ver was but little more comfortable. Diligences ron between Warraw and St. Petersburg, but we hap- pened wbout on hour too late, and would bayve been obliged to wait two days for another In order to travel by post in your own convey ance, & padasorhna, ov order to the various station keeper ior horses, has to be obtained. In addition to this, toll, or read tax, has to be paid for cach horse, the proceeds of which are expended in re- pairs upon the read. From Kowno to St. Peters barg, a distance of about seven hundred verstx, we travelled day and night, stopping only long enough at the different stations to change horses. The sta | tion houses are built and owned by government, and in their exterior are neat, but within mostly dirty and devoid of ttomachic iuxuries. Immense pine forests skirt the rond for miles in many places, and the scenery js nsnally tome and uninteresting. Nine days after leaving Kerlin we reached St. J'etersburg, weary in ‘and with limbs half dislocated from th the journey. Right heartily did we wied domes and gilded spires of the f the Ozars, sparkling in the evening «an found comfostable quarters at tho Hotel de Rovsiec, which in regard to daily necessary expense is about on par with the firetclas New York ho tele. We here foand quite a large number of Aweri cons, the most prominent of whom are Gen. James, ited States Senator (ram ithede Island, and the gentlemen comprising the military commision t hy cur covertnuent to examine the fortities tions of this and other conotries. They speak favo- rably of their reception he he facilities ws military wor they visited Or ed with the works of defence which have for so long a time been keeping 4 the prond flect of the allies at bay. The news or torming of Schestopol on the Isth of Jane, fatal repul “ Plhere. The dings of Lord Ragla Jost resebed the city, and | am pleased t costing exp of gratiieation mark Ue mt Christian Englend and enlightened Prane i Ta lewwon from the manner in whieh the | vations of Providence are received jn Riri ‘the Wadsworth Eatate Corespendonee of the AVON, Janes Wadeworth owns shout 8,000 | in this town, a muel: more in Geneseo, ehont 6.000 | im the adjoining town of Rash, 5,000 oF 6900 in the town of Caledor ad a great many thorswnde in other towne tn and other coonties, Awd it te nearly all good beet in the State -and constantly ineressing in val He doer bat {* for ever baying. The effret is pereeptl There ia a marked absence of rural taste, mo gene rally neeparable from agricultaral prosperity, atd 1 to domestic comfort {i not to tndivi dup) iporality wad beppiness, While there in na | large lamdhowder im the world more liberal, wise or intelligent than Mr. Wadeworth, it woald be G | etter for the country, and inealculably better for the smatier landholders, if the lands owned by tim were owned by two hundred thrifty poor meu. who would | their sremll farms art eontritate W the g | architecters|, hertieglters! and tonal! improvement of the conwtry, There i ancholy ubscuce of thove eubstautial farm houses | and testy appartenane * so noticeable in other por done af Western New York. It in wlmoet painful Ww look ont upon the broad prolific fletde whieh constitute one of the features thie | magnificent valley, and find wo few dwel ings embraced in ty view It wonld be more pletoresque, ae well ax more in accordance with what haw Leen fe be moet in harmony re it otherwire, Hut, a eis tn the hands of tree mt yprietor, there will be tat Nitthe cane res vo Import of Ail of Mr. Wadaworth's land is rented, not leased, | ved rented for bet w single year. Thie haw teow the wines about 1449, livery lease be renewed every year—e rule whieh gives Vr. W. entire comteel of bie property, ond itecultivation and management. A idtiftless teqant stands ne chaner for a redone, Awd not only ix thie rale strictly adhered to, pat Mr. W dictates Ure character of ihe ¢ to be wowed jn the veverad Nelda Af cach farm Neh mhall be sowed wheat, which shall be reserved for parture, whieh a to meadow, Ar. be-—Abus preventing avy cover woteng of the end, or eny deviation from what has been nacertained to be the culture. The rowolt i that these lands are among the heat om ye ams in all thin well euitiveted region, and oniformly oe heavy © “ony other in thm rite val yf old wAthers The rents, on Tlearw Solem. | wheat per sere; for other wheat lands, froa tre to seven bushels, cod for landa wad for mowlows rpring crepe, Ac. from $7 to 84 per ner, end (he fend m cagerip ecmett Cor gt Upewe prices | point of view, i ix of writing the { talent yom pe ung | made uj } mately farks pers, | Kowno upon the bauks ef the Nieman, which will | Those who in the | #. but also the barrennes of her jonality “has clean gone for Hand TE muel ible her to erect « new national vate conveyance, which, with the exception of a co- | of agr Vor Uhe best wheat lands, eigtt hortet of | ‘The Weise Kisteddvod tn London. TO THE RDITON OF THN HHBALD. fn the summary of news brought by the steumdhigy * Baltie, and pubiishod in the Hrraxp oa the @> | Snat., ¢be following paragraph appeared :-— The feast of the Welsh Bisteddvol been ‘in Sandon. The ; that should learn the guage for 2 wc bepepinge de | doubi it will be im pregrees in this with the English language. A person from reading the foregoing anjast ead | illiberal remarks, might be led to suppomp that the Welsh people were a hulf-civilized and stupid rece of “boom.” There are few people in this comm- | ly who know what an fisteddvod mea | and fewer #tUl conid learn anything concesm=- ing the Welsh and their cliims to edooe tion and intelligence from the above abman specimen of epleen and prejudice. Aa thoosands of your readers may, from reading the foregoing brief? condemnation of a whole race, form anfavers bie impressions regarding the people of Wales, we will submit a few facts ou the opposite aide, dewe- | loped at the national festival in London, at whide | the writer ancered. Had the party who compiled | the news brought by the Baltic thought proper te have been impartial, he would have found supe re futation of the false iinpreasion made by the Chroné- cle, by turning to other London papers which wore leas prejudiced, The London Advertiser contained a full report of the Elsteddvod, of about three oof umns, and spoke of it in respectful and flattering terms. ‘The London News also contained an impar- tial nud favorable notice of the Histeddvod, .¢ the intelligence and genina of those who contended for the prizes. Yet, na fur asthe American people of preaa are concerned, all they are permitted te know or understand about the matter is contained | in the above tibel of the Chronicle, Histeddyods have existed from a remote period j@ Wales, and somewhat resemble, as far as literatare. poetry and music are erncerned, the Olympic Games of the ancient Greeks. They Ca jeally, not “annually,” at which poets or bards, musicians er | performers on the Welsh harp, and literary com- | posers, become competitom for prizes oftered to the Most successtil candidates, They have exercised a | very favorable influence upon the literature ang education of the principality. Of late years they have been held with more apind, | and have embraced a wider fleld of subjects, being | made to include literary essays on selentitic subjects, | as well a productions in the fine arts, such as scalp- ture and painting. | In 1865 there was a magnificent Eisteddvod held | at Abergavenny, in Wales, which continued for twe ) days, and at-which there were miccensful hy Americans. At the first station after passing the | from Brittany, in France, and one also from 4 Hine, our comfortable Prosaian mallepost and then, for the flpst time, we were able | poeta, Welsh harpers, Welsh wingers, and W to experience the’ luxury of what they call extra post in Russia. This consists of a seat ina telega, or open wagon, with imaginary springs ; the body you throw | ightful movements | first, probably, ever held in that city since the Kaxom Post stations are ing Atench of | Wales. ¢ changed, paying for | Honorable Sir Benjamin Mail, Bart., M. er the horses are usually driven abreust and harnewed with ny, of a Welsb family. At this Kisteddvod, We iterary men, strove for preeminence, and prize te | a great pecuniary amount, and of value in honor, were bestowed on the suec The recent Kisteddvod held in Lon sapimnnbe, n, war the | invasion. It was patronized by the Queen and Prince Albert, a8 well as by the youthful Prince af Its presiding ‘officer was the a © native of Wales, and who succeeded Sir Was. | Molesworth, promoted to the Colonial Department, ja Commissioner of Woods and Forests. The Vee | Presidents were the Hon, Thomas Lloyd Mostyn, | P., T. Jones Parry, Bag.,of Madryn, and G. Hom: | mond Whalley, Faq. Among others present were | Mr. Lloyd Davies, x P.,the venerable Archdcaces. Willissis, Lady Hall and Lady Marshall, natives of | Wales, besides « numerous retinue of other ladies of rank wud distinetion. There were also a anmber of distinguished Welsh bards present. fome atnieetnent was excited amongst the Raxoma e#ent, by the presence amonget the competiters lor honors of three young Welsh girls, of the peaxam clans, in the pleturesque costume of their native moum teins; their appearance, however, seemed to the Ke mri” refreshing aa a breeze from their oative hills. St. Martin's Hall, where the cele tion waa had, was decorated and hang with the heraldic bannews of les, duvcribed with uitable Ih tnotton. The walls were lined with models from the stadia of Mr. Edwards, an eminent Wele: sealptor, which re fected great credit om hie «kill. rv. Edwards, in bis youth, was put to the carpenter trode, and frogs thence, by welf education, attained high menk in baw noble and difficult art. Among the beantifl pieces exhibited by himnowere, “Religion Consoling Susiee i The Spirit Ascending,” and Uae ‘There were swid to have been re markable productions, Among the paintings was o fine fall fength tikes nesw of Salboiran, the bord, by Evan Thomas, another selftonght artist. There were also in youps of the bards and Mterati of North Wales. he prizes to be competed for only amoanted te some twenty-five or thirty, yet they drew out from the principality ever 400 competitors, Sit Benjamin Hall aid, in his opening apeccts, thethe had aitended many Blateddvods, especially at Abergayeony, bat tis was the firt held in 1 and he felt greatpride at the favorable attended it enjoying, aa it did, the of Hee Majaty the Queen, Prince Albert und the Prince of Wallen “Onur friend and countryman bere,” said Sir Bea- jamin, “in opening the pr A nompber of our googe than the Welsl—the ancient tongue of Br tain. 1 may also «wy that thet language is indeed « powerfol organ of their religion and Htérstare. OF the Weleh periodicals, in the return of last yror (init), no lees than 250,532 copics were printed, antryn publiehed and sold, exelosively written in that toague; and 73,22) Bibles and 1.060 Testaments, also, were cireoleted Jest year in that lan we by the Bide hockety Hi most be remembered that Senday schools bave exieted in Wales cotemporaneous with their fine Dishonent by Robert Taikes. How can a people who wie so thoroughly religiouw, and who have largely cultivated poetry, Wieratere and arts, be ie need of Saxon tohelounries t learn and teach therm vivilization in ther own langoage’ In int of truth and general morality, Sexons (of the Cnronicte ipe) may protic bey Welsh progress in that direc During the exhibition there was muslesl com petition by harptete or minstrels on the triple barge, s which Hoath Wales earried the palm, For the fit stanzas on the Urinee of Wales, the awarded to Lady Mocehall, ‘The prize for male ringing war ved to Min Ane the secend to Miee Jones, quad the thind te Mary Wathine jovrts won the prize for an emeay on the bewt jon for Wales, Joln Kolerte won a prive for the lext momeady on late Copt, Richard Lloyd Vaiwards, of Wales, who fell ie the Crimea. There were various prises awarded far the best Welkh poetry, and for (he best Welsh mud- ca) Compositions. ve of ton 1 uineas for the bext elegy oa Uwe Heverend Bo caw ought out forty compets toms, end the boner was cqually awarded to thave af them, Thornes Griffith won the price for the lea f ay mg on the triple string harp, and Walter Wat swon the weond pre 4.3. Williams wom a price fer the beet ceay on the present alliance Ve tween France and Kertiand \ prize of wo colnees wae awarded ty Lady Halt best Welsh , with hemorvus deme tons of the manners, langnege, ae, of the ime dera Doe ®how Dety vod eotiog with» eo logium on the tree ty li ridicoled those whe ted to dewpire thelr native tongne \ prize of ton guineas was awarded i Solhm Sones of Newport, for an exceedingly athe on the ge olowy of Walre and the developement of tte migered Teme em Jot Cred. Vive Nagher fo Lady Guest, widew « erat ron mecutseterer in Meath Wales, € ie well krown hee made a camber of translations frow Welsh ry works Whea we tear in mind af thew evidences of (intelligence and edacation ta Wales, cod keow that all the bet Hagtieh work ' tore (eurleted inte Welab, aod read ly te ople, terldee having an extensive Wteratare . whet . beyond the proagl) nye of poeyndier, tad the Chromele for stun tong the popelation of the prineipatity. ae mast of ignorance rec @® As Ixinanany Wory Thompeon Cartide pub | liehew # card ina Kentucky paper fortiddiag aay | ene to harbor or troxt hie wile, as he stall 108 poy her delta. The indignent poue comes bark at Wine tne the fe the or pte fart, pork and lids ty heme whew say Camnr J had pork and bread tor my Ywremk a om my nner. and and breed for my sepper Sm Colle for may bar be air to knwk my Drains ost i whet wae goed for bie wae feed for mer. (look my oats of Oe before Ryne Owens come time ee. Through falar and wea be pot ee So ER away my dower, and Uw last tor Lerent home be drove me out of the yard Ow money be Gove tee Ot Of the homes for teling lewd from bom go early. before any ome wasnp, ond brag | heme boards on his beck ie forted my Wilk we man to bring bet « tw ttre | half of i pon Sled m9 the voi ‘ola hd 1 wanted teas. Mle wad» plot " wil ee told he «plenty. Be Ome pork and treed aynin, aod comelunee @ tne atirl: eh iced wlive Mewldew all Une aint he ote the leet bing I hed dear oo earth « pet calf Cw pever comt burs qny thing | aan wile A old On ee a Comune ,