The New York Herald Newspaper, February 21, 1855, Page 2

f 402 NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1855. B Later from Brasil. OUR RIO JANEIRO CORRESPONDENCE. Rao Jampino, Deo, 23, 1854. Navigation of the Amazon—Opposition of Brazil—She Claims a Right of Way—Threatened War with Para- guay—Sailing of the Brazil Squadron—Coffee Mar- de. sak afew spare moments to keep my country- men, still under the glorious stars and stripes, posted up in the movements in this part of the world. T have jast purchased a pamphlet written and publish- a against the \ English-American,” F, Maury, as he is | the Lexington, cons} ‘ealled here, who dared to reeommend the free navigation of the Amazon river, which I forward te you. also been published in the Journal of Commerce of this city, and firazil is fully sstisied that they have proven that no ome cam navigate that river but people of their ewnempire. And they now show every disposition to navigate the head waters of the same river into the Pe- ruvian territory, and prevent the right of way into those wy ay rich lands where their flag never has and never will be | Ching ate mandarin o1 permitted to wave, as belonging to them. Iam a friend | fruit; 4 do. large yellow and dislike to differ with | rose apples; 4 do. large round red persimmon; 4 do, to Brazil and her interests, them on this point, which is now agitating all parts of the world, as to Brazil’s right to claim exclusive control over this inland sea, (whose coasts or banks are owned Dy some six different nations,) when the natual produce invites all people there to develop her hidden wealth, and she calls for a million hands to cultivate and collect her India rubber and mecicinal plants, ‘They claim this oxclusive right at atime when they have a larger feld for enterprise and profitable invest- ment of capital than the limited number of inhabitants avd httle capital can grasp and hold. Therefore, what es policy it is to shut out foreign trade a ! company, under their new privi ‘and with the capital which this empire is .o give them, will, no doubt, do much towards developing the great resources of a new world which is ripe for settlers and investment, I could write a volume on this interesting subject. 1 ‘the Courier Mercantile of the 16th, 20th and 234, in which are threo. articles, originally published in Montevideo, showing the views of tl republic on the nasumed claims that Brazil has set up. I also forward the Mercantile of the 22d, in which is a eerrespondence ia relation to Parazuay, and the question of Mr. Hopkins, which is published in full, showiag that Brazil is entirely in favor of Mr. Hopkins, and csneures Lopez in the extreme There is no doubt in my opinion, but that a war will soon break out between Brasil an Paraguay, Lam sure that this imperial goveroment is teo high minded to submit to the insult that Paragaay hae given it, A part of the Brazilian squairon has sailed, and it is rumored that eight more vessels are about to start with some of the troops of the line. ‘These vessels are to go to-morrow. A steamer has just arrived from Lisboa, It is a small war steamer, belonging to Paraguay, and has on boaid a #00 of Lopez, the President of Paraguay. About 180,000 bags of coffee have been sold for expor- tation since the first of this month, About 100,000 bags ave for the United States. Prices are as quoted in my last. I have not time to prepare a shipping list, but American shipping is well represented in port. F. HS. Political Intelligence, LEPTER FROM SENATOR WILSON, OF MASSACHUSETTS —HIS OPINION ON KNOW NOTHINGISM, STATR RIGHTS, SLAVERY AND THE HIGHER LAW. ‘The following letter was written to the editor of the Know Nothing organ in Washington, in answer to cer- ‘tain questions: — pas Skate Coamner, Feb. 19, 1855. “Wy answer to your inquiries will be brief and explicit. 1. I fully recognise the doctrine of State rights in its application to slavery, as well as to any other matter of public concern, The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798, in the main, as I think, correctly set forth that doctrine. The whole subject of slavery within State hmits should be left absolutely to State legislation. 2. My response to your second question is included in my answer to your first. Ido not entertain the opiaion that Congress has any power to interfere with slavery as it existe under State laws. 3. Every man who believes in @ God must necessarily Dehieve that there is a law paramount to all human la, and that this law isto be obeyed by mon in public and private life, rather than an: "homey law in conflict with tt. But Isee nothing in the constitution of the Dmlted States, as I unierstand the constitution of the United States, which requires me, as a Senator from Massachuuetts, to do anything in conflict with the law of God. If 1 thought otherwise, I would not take an ath to support the constitution of the United States. eo moe thep Mal arti in Eevee atk does mbrace the question of slavery among those fo: ulation of which it was formed: - hang ¢ people of Massachusetts have fixed opinions, in which most of the members of that organization fully It has | T0ses; 4 do. pink roses; 4 do. lan fas or flower; 4 @er, car and circular railroad, and other things, to Propitiate that dignitary. She has been absent about oty this time has sailed at least forty-eight thousand mee Two deaths occurred on board of the ship, one of which was an invalid from the Macedonian. Captain Glasson and his officers and crew pave enjoyed very good health dusing the voyage. The bome was extremely botsterous on the coast, no disaster has occurred to the vessel. She was taken in tow bya steamtug about five miles outside boomy Hook. She brought home sick seamen from the India squadron. They ha Naval Hospital. ‘The following is cases of plants collected in China, a igned to the government of the United ‘plants of yellow or tea rosea; 4 do, } ht red ue magnolia; 4 do, qui fas; 4 do. China grafted black roses; 4 do, hoco oF sinall magnolia flower; 4 do China, yellow ayam; 4 do. bymonnicalus; 4 do. logan; 4 do. guavas; fruit; 4 do, loquat, fruit; 4do. custard apple, frait; 4 it whampee, fruit; 4 do. sweet carambola, or goosel ; 4do. acid carambola, or China goose- ‘4 do. acid whampee; 4 do. pumbalos, fruit; 4 do. do. mandarin oranges, lace mandarin eranges, lace skins; 4 do. #, hard skins; 4 do, cumquate persimmon; 4 do. large rou: States:. berry mall round red persimmon; 4 do. small myrtle; 4 do, large rose apple; 4 do. small long rose pple; 4 do, lyches, fruit and flower; 4 do papayas, f it; 4 do. very fino ‘Ince ‘skin mandarin orange; 16 do, black tea, two varieties; 4 do. nondescript, blue lily; # do. red deable head star lly; 4 do. China red heads; 4 do. China yellow lily, man; do. China single head white lly; 4 do. Cym' The following plants are inclosed in boxes:—12 planta, nondescript, white small flower ; 20 plants lemon grass; 12 plants Peruvian crynam; 20 plants small hymonnica- us; 20 plants yellow day lily; 20 plants Benjamin flow- er; 3 plants blue magnolia; i plant round rose apple, large; 2 plants China dates; one case containing a va- riety of plants collected in Japan and in the island of the Great Loo Choo; also one large Loo Choo plant notin case, and four tubs of water lily; two cases, one of su- s cane from Java, and the other of exotic plaats from . Helena, collected by Dr, Jamea Morrow, agriculturist to the Japan expedition. The plants are in pretty good Sones, A few of them withered and died on the pas- Boge Nome. Captain Glasson also brought home with him a Chinese from Hong Kong. He is a florist and 'dener, and goes to Was! n to attend to the plants, le is about twenty years of age, and named Oqui' He speaks English a litle, which he learned on the voyage, and says he is now an American. He was born at Can- ton, and is tolerably good looking. Tue Pnmapeurata Navy Yarp.—The work upon the steam icigate Wabash {a progressing steadily, though de- ry the culty of procuring white oak planking. ‘The ice in the river and cecks prevents the fuldlment ot the contracts by those who undertook the delivery of the plank, but notwithstanding this the Navy Yard presents a cheering and bustling Opes Fnere have been between six and sevan hundred workmea employed there during the entire winter. When itis considered that not less than $60,000 per month is thus distributed among the industrious and deserving, the benefits rived from the share of work that hai recently been as. signed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard by the Depart- ment, willbe appreciated. The two light ships in the lower ship house are far advanced towards completion. The planking of one has been commenced, and the frame of the other is Cryst Bo ey The slcop-of- war James- town still lies at the'wharf, but will probably haul out in the stream to-morrow. Her sailing has been fixed for next Thursday. By an order received from the Navy rtment, which was sprecred by Gommodore Stew- art, the chips and other refuse wood about the yard have been distributed among the deserving Within the rr. past two weeks nearly a hundred cart loads were dispos- ed of gratuitously to widows who were in a needy con- dition,— Philadelphia Ledger, Feb. 12. The Late Contempt of Court. MARINE COURT, Hon, Judge McCarthy presiding ; Hon. Judge Phillips also on the bench. Fes. 20,—The court room was densely crowded this morning Jong before 11 0’clock, by persons anxious to witness the result of the case of contempt with which the editors of the Times stand chargei. The press mus- tered strong; lawyers were there whose practise never brought them there before; government officials were on the tip-toe of expectation; non-profes- sionals were numerous, and looked anxious, and many, no doubt, thought that the jurisdiction of the Marine Court was still further extended aad that some great divorce case, or @ rich suit for crim, con., was on the tapis; but the more numerous portion of the specta- tors evidently came to ree what was to be done with the bapless reporter who, in the exuberance of the moment, penned the paragraph which bo intended for wit, but which was, ashe contends, misconstrued into ridisule and contempt. At eleven o'clock tho clerk called David Russell Tee. concur, against the support or al! concur, against the suppo lowance of slavery by They entertain the most profound conviction that the y and repose of the coyntry, and the highest m- terents of the master and the slavé, comand that the aq- Senet ent should be relieved fezma a! Gonnéation | ity fcr Blavery, and that this disturbing ss = be left to the people of the States where exiats. While they do net reek to impose these convictions and opinions upon their fellow citizens of otber States, or te proscribe them for not fully concurring in those ) convictions and opin'ons, they will submit to no dicta- ‘then or proscription from any body of men, or section of the country. I, a8 a Senator from Massachusotts, shall claim for the opinions of her people all the freedom of utterance. and all the influence upon the action of Congro: the administration of the government, which a from Virginia can claim for the opinions or the people of ‘the Ancient Dominion. Yours fats : HENR' GOVERNOR WINSTON, OF MA, ANNOUNCES SELF A CANDIDATE FOR RE ELECTION. Governor John A. Winston, of Alabams, in the follow- img letter defines his position on certain questions, and announces himself a candidate for re-election :— Monrir, Jan. 22, 1855, ‘There never has been a time when I was not ready to abide the known wishes of the democratic party, so far ae J might he personally concerned; but so far as 1 have been able to observe the expressions of the wishes of the democracy of Alabama, both through the press and fron intercourse with the Lab fee it has been in favor @f my being a candidate for re-election, in accordance with the general u: and castom of the party, © T would, an 1 conceive, DAY? been Oppstn the wishes ef a large majority of the party, by demanding a call of ‘® convention, or acceding to a demand made by & few easing to be organs of the democratic party, ne mlanderous abuse they bave heaped upon me, ‘show that they would not support me if I shou! again presented a6 a candidate tothe freemen of Alaba ma. it believed it was not in accordance with the sen timents of the democracy of the State, 1 would not bea candidate. ‘The only question I am aware of on which there ex- a difference of opinion, is the endorsement or issue the part of the State of bonds to build railroads. h many good democrats favor such a policy, Lam to believe that a majority, not only of the demo. party, but of the whigs, too, oppose that policy, concur with that majority. If not so, why have not elected members to the Legislature " pass w authorizing the bond policy’ A bare majority pass a law over the Executive veto, I have vetoed no railroad bill as yet, and had, a more majority of doth houses could have passed it over my head, unless I had been able to have | petton very convincing and co @ent reasons against the same. Allow mete repeat, that I would not have tobe pe | my friends of the domocratis press to have placed my | name before the people of the State if I believed any considerable number of our party was opposed to that | course. When entered public life I was drafted into the service—the people have never given me a discharge, but with renewed assurances of confidence they have | continued me in the service, When 1 believe it to be ‘their wish, I shall retire. Unzill sm assured of that fact I am attheir service, and the defender of their rights and interest. Conscious of no motive but the honor and prosperity of the beloved land of my nativity, I feel assured of a continuance of ae approbation. JOHN A. WINSTONS. - HON. M. P, GENTRY A CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR OF TENNESSEE. Hon, Meredith P. Gentry has written the following @hort letter, addressed to the people of Tennessee -— Bnrsipr, Bedford Co., Feb, 12, 1855. Grateful for the generous sentiments expressed for me im the newr, ‘sand ee letters, I deem it my duty to respond by respectfully announciug that [ am a candidate for the office of Governor of Tennessen at the next election M. P. GENTRY. Hii BEERS Col. Jordan Stokes, of Wilson county, is spoken of as | Mhely to be the whig nominee. Naval Intelligence. From tue Brazrisan 8quavroy.—By the ship Carisea, at Philadelphia, from Rio Janriro, December 25, we learn | that the United States flag ship Independence, for the Pacific, baving undergone necessary repairs, would sai January 2. All well on board. The flag ship Savamhah Commodore Salter, was prepairing for a cruise would be veady about the 15th of January—all well. The «tore ship Relief, Lieutenant Commanding Rowan, was deliver 49g stores, and would sail for the United States alout the 15th of January. The sloop of war John Adams, Com. Boutwell, sailed December 19, for Valpsraiso | ‘The previous report that she remained there on the 20th ] must have been an error, A seaman named Gallego, o the Independence, fell from the rigging overboard, and was unfortunately drowned His body had not been re covered The crew of the storeship Supply, which arrived at this port last week, were paid off and discharged on Saturday. They nuinbered forty-fve men. The frigate Sabine will be taken into the Naval Dry Dock at Brooklyn, for coppering, to-day. Unrrep States Steamen Sax J\ctyto.—A letter from 4 gentleman on board this steamer, dated St, Thomas, January 21, says the ship and engines have performed well; but two blades of the propeller have been lost. She, the ropelier, is able to 1: en roiles an hour. Bgl |», mt ore ‘to be in Phi phia by the 25th of March. D.R. Lee answered ‘Hore |’ and his lawyer, Mr. Bus- teed, ‘to make assurance doubly sure,” stentorianized still louder “Here !?” Mr. Busteed then said that Mr. Lee was served with an order frow this Court at about 2 o'clock yesterday, S Ws served on tnysel! at abouy # o’cloce, calling bim (Lee) to attend before your Hosor to show cause, if soy he has, why he should not be punished for contempt in publishing in the Times newspaper aa article, &c. On the last day, whea Mr. Leo appeared be: fore your Honor, it was understood that interrogatories were to be propounded to him; that I was to be served with a copy on Monday, and that wo should return tho era this morning. 'I find the Court bas changed the tion of the course it intended to parsue, and which circumstance I was not apprised of. I believe the other matters arising out of this, (the case against the pub lishers, Messr#. Raymond and Harper,) stand adjourned toSaturday. We are either ready to go on with the case of Mr. Lee this morning, if your Honor direct it, or to Postpone it uni potUrday, when all the cases can be ‘disposed of together. Judge McOarthy——I have made up my mind not to put any interrogatories, the party having appeared untor oath; but I desire to see if he has anything further to offer mn explanation. As we have a very heavy calendar to-day, which will occupy me toa late hour, and as on Saturday we have no jury causes, the caso had better be postponed until Saturday, when I will be ready to adju- Ticate finally on the whole matter. ‘ihe case was then act down for twelve o'clock on Sa- turday next, Before Hon Judge McCarthy. Putt, 20,—Peter Sheridan agt, the New York and New Hoven Railroad Company.—This was an action brought to recover dsmages from d«fendants for injuries suffered by plaintiff's son on the 27th October last. It appears that the boy, who is about fifteen years of age, was on his way, on the day in question, from the Fifth avenue and Twenty-rixth street to Twenty fourth st Second avenue. It further appeared in evide the defendants drive their cars on a track of | feet long, running from Fourth avenue, along the north- erly side of Twenty sixth street; that the boy was pass- ing along and attempted to cross the street in the mid- dle of the block, in a space of about twelve feet between two cars, when be was jawmed in and severely injured; lhe was cxamined as a witness, and testified that he did rot know of the approach of any other carat the time but that one eame up und struck some car behind those which started them, and he was injured in consequence. There are no houses on either side of the street, nor aay cross walk where he attempted to cross. Defendant's counsel moved for a non-suit, on the ground that no ne- Jigence was shown on the part of the defendants; that fhe boy had not used proper care and attention oa his rt; that it was incumbent on his part to show afliema- ively negligence on part of defendants, After an argu- ment the Court granted the motion, and non suite the plaintitt. Court of General Scssions. Before Hon. Judge Stuart. GRAND LARCENY. Frn, 20,—Mary McCormick was indicted for stealing a gold watch, of the value of $80, and numerous articles of clothing, in a carpet bag, from her employer, William A. Van Marten, of Maspeth, L. I. The property being missed by the complaicant, the prisoner, who had lott his house surreptitiously, was arrested on suspicion a short time afterwards io New York. Se thea admitted ber guilt, The clothes were found in « house ia Allen street, where she resided, and the watch discovered in a pawnbrober’s shop, where she had directed the com- plainant to look for it. Though the offence was connnit- | ted in another county, this court had jurisdiction, inas- much ax the stolen property was brought icto the city of New York by the prisoner. Verdict of guilty. Sen- tenced to two years and two months in the State prison. DISORDERLY HOUSES, Flizabeth Capron was indicted for keeping a disorder- ly house at No, 140 Mercer atreet. Captain Turnbull, of the Fighth ward police, and officer Austin, proved that the defendant hao the house, which was one of ill fame, frequented by gitls whio were ia the habit of enticing men to go ia,” Verdict of guilty, with a recommendation to the merey of the court, on the ground that no co | plaints b: been made by citizens in the neighborhood. is Honor sentenced the prisoner to sixty days imprison- ment in the Penitentiary, and, in doing so, said that he was satisfied that she had been made @ scapegoat to shield offenders of a worse description. “If they,” his Honor eaid “are heen a before me, I shall punish them with the utmost severity permitted by the statute "’ Catharine Huston was charged with keeping a disor- | derly house in No. 2 Jacob street, in the Fourth wa: | Several per Bere that the place wan an di orderly, eapecially on Saturday nights andSundays. Men end drinking were the order of the night. As one pohee oflicer graphically expressed himself, ‘ the air was made bideous with the cries of drunken ” Another witness bnew that card paying was cai on, because he heard repeated shouts of “clubs is trampe.”” The ritoner admitted herself to be the bead of this delecta- Je establishment. In this case his Honor suspended judgment. ASSAULT WITH A KNIFE, Robert Brown, « seaman, was indicted for assaulting, with intent te kill, Willinm Jacobs, keeper of « seamen's boarding house, No. 1) Hamilton street, It appeared that on the evening of the 2th of January, the prisoa- er, living at the time with complainant, wished to go out, but revented by the latter, who anid that he (Brown) would only get drunk, and would not bo able to sail with his ship in the morning. The prisoner there- upon used mach ollensive language, which ended in com- inant striking him over the face with nis open hand. ‘othing further was said or done thea ; but an hour af- - when the partics were at tea, the prisoner ross ‘Tar Srommemi? Lextvorox, which ariivel here on 8a turday afternoon, under command of Capt. Joho J. Gias- son, it will be remembered sailed hence June 18, 1853, with presents for the Emperor of Japan, compris- pg *gricultural implements, « locomotive, ten- immediate tion, and made a blow at sence eriaaut, wiih. his sheath knife, toutteriog “Take 1” ‘The blow was aimed at tho breast, but the complainant received i¢ in his arm, the bone of which was splintered and otherwise much injured. | Verdict, guilty of an astault with a dsngerous weapon, promalgated by us 2a al clanaee of 8 pert creed, man 5 We have not room to enter into the merits of this subject, thie issue; but shall touca upon a few itens which circumetonces render necessary, and leave eat details for wigrssced time. jadi fe are aware strong prejadiccs exist ia the minds of the gocd and virtuous, the h morable aad bigh-mixded of cur land, in relation to this subje »; and we think we can resject and appreciate all such feelings, wien honestly aud candidly expressed. are & matte: reguant with im; and not to be trifled with “Taey enter into the domestic circle and sinuate thom: felves into all tne conditions and relationships of life, and re demand the most serious, calm, and dispassionate consideration. Society is aleesdy corrupt enough, God knows; and to seek ‘These things are not with us a ma*ter of theory ulation, nor a eystem of seneoal gratification. We have bigher aims and more ex: alted views of the relationship of man aad wife; anc it pains us to see;the fcuntain of life thus per- veried and corrupted. We cannot without sympa- tby behold map, who was created in the image of God, to stand at the head ot creation, become & peor. effete, degraded beirg; and woman, chaste, autiful and lovely, deceived, crushed, bartered, betrayed, sunk in crime, a creature of aud for last; propagation ot his species, perverted?) dobas ery pro apecies, pervi 2 debau hery aa seaciviries om ihe rs ite sere ene ie corrupt jamping effscte, w it some for talen humanity. Neither can we bshold witn- oat emotion thas body whish Christians expact to be the residence of rit in txe resarraction of the jut, which cught to be pure, chaste, virta us aud noble, become polluted and degraded, a recsp- tacle cf disease—the effects of transgresaioo—un- healthy, weak, emac’ated—a lving, loathesoma, crawling mas:--and children ioheriting from their birth diseases entailed by their parents ‘‘to.the third end tourth generations.” We, 8 eter! beiogs, belicve in eterzal laws, ccyepants and unions, emanating from God, and based ppon party avd virtue. We are not united only “ until death do us part,” but expect an eter- pal union in the eternal worlds, based u on liviog, intelligent eternal principles—our gosyel, our rel giop, our See and marriages. All our a3ta re- Jer to this, and no one can detest the loathsome, de- graded, corrupt, aud miserable state of the world, relation to fewdness, lassiviousness, adul‘ery, and cebauchery, more than we do; and were women treated with us sa they are in thousands of instancas bere, it would cost a man hishead. They would find, a8 in ancient israg), more than one man wh? Gare use “ the jav-lin.” We ase not surprised, ther, that men of reflection fee) gnent gamy. e) q ry romething fo the iautal sine i map; and from the exceeding Jow standard of virtue, can soarce conceive of anything but lasciviousuess asso- ciated with thegex. We res: the conscien‘ious feelings of such men, for we kaow that with tueir ideas of such things they must bo extremly revolt- ing; but we would respectii BUC perspne if ihey ever seriously icfested apon the matter? And further, is it prejadice, education, aud the corrapt state of s-ciety that has led them to these conclu- sions, or matters cf fact, deduced from 8 ripture, reason, history, or precedence? Did they ever think that abrabam, Jacob, David, Solomon, aud a host of other go.d men mentioned in the Ssriptures, were polygamists? That the twelve tribes of “ [erael, to whom belonged the covenants, promisss,” &c , de- ascended from four women, the wives ofonemaa. Did ber ever reflect that those polygamists were more virtuous than this generation; und that for such things aa are practiced here every day with despaaity —adoltery; a men would be “ stoned to death by all Terae)?” they ever reflect that it might be pos sible for the Lord to be unchangeable’ That he bad not learred much from man in afew thousand years; and that ‘ibly he wae not in error than; and if not then, that the same principles might pro- bably be as correct now as they were at tha’ time? It is well for us not to be too hasty. Did they ever reflect that Peter says there shall be a “ tion of all things?” Did ever think that there might be acmething socially, morally, religiously and politically wrong, whish leads to the amount of t_now exists? If not, we would re- commend them to pause and consider before they condemn. We would here state that this isa sub- ject that bas attracted the attention of the virtaous avd good in all ages. It is a subject that states- meo, philanthropists, aud philos»phers have, in all countries, vainly endeavored to check, for genera- tious; and that princes, kings, preei¢ents aad em- perors, have vainly tried to remove. To chtck this, legal enactments have besn made —sometimes, as in England, licensing brothel houses; at other times, puti up before such pisces & lantern at the door, with “ baraing shame” written on it; sometimes, by the most stringent Jaws, with various penal enactments sppended. Verions legis'ative enactments have been made in Proeeis, Austria, France, and other continental nations. Bat wha’ has it all reeulted in? No- thing. Goto England now, and you see thousands of poor, migerabie, homeless outcasts, about the streets, and seeking to drag out the rem: nants of a miserable existence by bartering their— was I going to say virtue? Oh! name it not! It istoo humiliating, 'oathsome and degraiing. In come of the leading cities of France these poor out- casts have theirown beats on the sidewalk allotted to them; and in the sale of their dishonor (who are the purchasers in all these cates’) will show their tickets Jike cabmen, or porters. In somoof the citics in Germany—take Hamburg, for instance— they are prohibited from going abroad profeasion- ally, by law; but are in certain districts of the city, and there they swarm by hundreds. Whole fall may be seon, bedecked and bodizened, at windows, inviting pazsera b;, and offsriag thom- selves for market. Need [ mention the boarding howes and hotel accommodations here in our owa land, and trace matters of this k nd from our sp‘endid ssloons and corruption congregated there in crowds, and fighting, card playing, | parlors—through the streets—down to live Points? Are not these things all known? I might hora ask, whoee are those unfortunate children that our ladies bave been ee oe avd feeding and clothing Jately with such landable benevolerce? And far- ther, where < aor gies come ype 4: But we must stop; we have gone far enough; preter would be tuo dark. It was necessary to lif} he curtain a litide; but dence, propristy, aud decency eays, let it fall. We woald jast remark that by, , law, and Caristianity, ag 14 failed to stop this mon now nt, have signal sional ‘The present state of strons social and moral evil. the world vere Pe dean tency. RS Bio + practic ent men of TRReatitutton”’—as lately revesied-we think will stop it smong us. FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL, MONEY MARKET, Tvespay, Feb. 20-6 P.M. At the opening of the market this morning there | wee e stronger d spcaition to sell than to buy any of the fancies, and prices were therefore ob!iged to give way. The transactions were not large. At larger per cent on capital; and therefore, so far as the market value of the stock is concerned, itshould lead all others. The company has paid in divi. dends on its preferred stock, from July, 1849, to January, 1855, inclusive, forty-one and » half per cent, and in dividends on its common stock, from July, 1847, to January, 1855, inclusive, seventy and a balf per cent, par, in cash and part in stook- ‘The sum of $100,000 is taken annual'y from the net ‘earnings of the company, to purchase the bonds issued on the debt, and common stock is given, as & dividend, to the stockholders, as a substitute for the bonds cancelled, so that the aggregate of capital and loans is not increased. This principle is in the wain correct. We do not approve ot dividends being paid in stock, without some equivalent—without something to show for it in additional rolling power or property necessary for the better operation of the road; but where bonds are paid, aud the deb@&o much reduced, the issue of stock cannot b2 objected to. Ia this way the cost will ultimately bo entirely repre- sented by stock, which is the trae and legitimate position for every incorporated company to occupy. It is the enormous indebtedness of the E-ie Railroad which must in the end extinguish the stock, by ab- sorbing every dollar of netenrnings. In jadging of the value of a railroad stock, the actual gross in. come or actual cost is the best criterion to goby. It in a fixed fact that any railroad company, with a gress income not leas than twenty per cent on cost, can pay @ dividend of about seven per cent, if the cost is represented entirely by stock; but where ® large porticn of the cost is represented by bonds bearing seven per cent interest, and the gross income docs not amount to more than fif- teen per cent on cost, all dividends paid above two or three per cent per annum must come from some other source than the net earnings. The Utica and Schenectady Railroad Company in 1852 earned 203 per cent on its cost, apd enormous dividends were paid out of these earnings to the stockholders. At the time (1853) of the consolidation of the roads forming the line through this State, known as the New York Cen- tral, the stock of the Utica and Schenectady was selling at 152 per cent. In 1854 the gross earnings of the Reading Railroad Company amounted to 204 per cent on its cost, and the stock at the close of that year waa selling at 72 per cont—lesa than one- half of the Utica and Scheneo’ady, upon a larger per cent grogs income on cost. The inferenee drawn from these facts cannot be otherwise than favorable to the Reading as an investment at present prices, The upward movement in Harlem was too rapid and upon too weak a foundation to be sustained. The report recently made is enough, we should think, to deter outsiders from touching the stock at anything ke eurrert rates. At the second board prices for some of the fancies advanced a fraction, but the market on the whole ¥ae heavy. Many of the purchases were by the shorts, for delivery on matured contrasta. Camber- Iend Gosl advanced 3 per cent; Erie Railroad, 4; Hudson Rairoad, 4. Nicaragua Transit fell off } fer cent; New York Central Railroad, }; Harlem, {; Erie Bonds, 1875, 2; Iliacis Central Railroad, 4; Panama Railroad, 2; Erie Bonds, 1871, 3. The up. ‘ward movement in Panama was a pretty sharp, but a short one. It has falien within a few days seven per cent from the highest point. Reading Railroad was more aotive this afternoon. It will take a atart ore of these days that will startle some- body. Tee following telegraphic despatch was received in town te-day. It speaks for itaelf :— : Sr. Louis, Feb. 19, 1855. W. T. Coumman, Esq., New York:— We resumed to-day ; the deposites are about three hundred thousand, and checks one hundred and thirty- five thousand. All moving well. © PAGE & BAZON, Itis reported that the steamship Atlantic, from this port for Liverpool t>morrow, will take out between twelve and thirteen huadred thousand dol, lore ip specie, and that the steamer on Satarday for Southampton will take out a very large sum. The fotal shipment for the week will considerably ex- ceed million and a half of dollara. The demand or sterling exchange to-day was limited, witha moderate supply. We quote bills on London at 9} 8 9} per cent premium. The transactions at the Ass'stint Treasurer's of- fice to day were as follows :— Received + $175,255 00 Payments 22,280 84 Paid for 148,014 22 Balance. 4,444,778 49 The.receipta of the Erie Railroad Company for the month of January, 1855, amounted to $427,336 ‘78, againat $337,232 56 for the corresponding mont) last year, showing an increase of $90,104 22. The earnings of the first four months of the present fis:al year, compared with those for the same time in the pievisus year, show an increase of $190,227. It will be seen that nearly one-half of this aggregate in- crease was in the receipts for the month of January. ‘The average increase for the previous three months was only about $25,000 each. The cause of the large receipts in January this year, compared with the same month Jast, can be found in the ioterrap- tim to travel in Jazuary, 1854,0n account of the trovbles at Erie. During the waole of that month there was no connection with Western roads, and both passengers and freight were compelled to seek other channels of transportation. This year there has been no difficulty; hence the great diffsrence in earnings. The Milwaukie and Mississippi Railroad Company bave declared a stock dividend of 15 per cent out of the profits of tke last year. The Hampshire Coal and Iron Company officially snrounces that it has disposed of all its surplus stock, with which it has paid off every debt, and that its coal estate of 11,000 acres of land, with all works compiete, is without any incumbrance. ‘The committee to whom was referred 60 much of the Governor’s meseage as related to the banks for savings, hes reported the following bill in the As- sembly: — AN Act To RestRAty BANKS oF Jssus aND Derosir rRoM ACTING AS SAVINGS Banks, Sec. 1. From and after the passage of this act, it shall not be lawful for any bank or individual banker autho- rized to issue clreulating notes by the laws of this State, to advertise or put forth a sign as a savings bank, or in any way to solicit deposits as a savings bauk. See. 2. Any bank or individual banker offending against the provisions of this act ahall forfeit and pay for every such offence the eum of one hundred dollars, and the like sum of one hundred dollars for every day such of- fence shall be continued, to be sued for ang recovered in any court having cognizance thereof ; og®-balf thereof to the use of the complainant, and the ofher half to the use of the poor of the town or city in which such offence shall be committed, ‘The receipts of the Norwich and Worcester Rail road Company in January, 1856, amounted to $18,- 167, against $22,000 for the same month last year, showing # decresse of $3,923 this year. ‘The earnings and expenditares of the Manchester end Lawrence Railroad Company for the eleven months ending N sv. 30, 1854, were as annexed: — MANCHEXTER AND LAWRENCE RalLroan, COT DINEB.. cc ee seeseweree seseee teseee $149,070 63 pone received from associated roads... 18,168 20 Net income for 11 mouths..........+++. $55,676 00 The jiabilities of the comp»ny consist of $200,308 58 in notes payable and other claima, making up a total of $224,565 44; the assets amount to $59,478 39 the first board, Erie Bonds, 1875, fell off } per cont; | Minois Central Bonds, 1); New York Central 7’s, 4; Nicaragua, J; Cumberland Coal, j; Pennsylvasia Coal, j; New York Central Railroad, 4; Illinois Ova- tral Railroad, }; Galena and ago Ratiroal, 4; Cleveland and Toledo Railroad, \; Harlem, }; Hudsoa Railroad, 4. The greatest decline was in Hiinsis Con tral Bonds, and Galena avd Chicago Ralroad. Tae bonde ard stocks of the Western railroad companies have been sustained wonderfully laxly, bat the time is coming when their true value will be better understood. The decline ia Roading Railroad is rather an enigma, in view of its position and prow pects. Compared with any other railroad in the | coumtry, ite caraings, both gross and net, show a —leaving & balance of Jisbili:ies of $165,087 05. The amount charged to construction secount is $971,513 69--an excess of $171,513 69 over the capital; and it is estimated that $20,956 02 will be all the increase necessary to complete this account. To pay off the floating deot the directors recommend the issue of $100,000 convertible bonds, and $100,000 new con- yertible bonds; the former to be paid off in inatal- ments of $12,500, and the Istter in instalments of $20,000 annually, and to be made convertible, if per- mieaion can be obtained from the Legislatare to ia- crease the capital stock of the company to that amount. ‘The ‘warrants entered at the Trexsury Depart mont, Washington, on the 17th test., were:—} 1,329 18 8,983 04 47,792 86 2,310 75 For the War Dep 3,008 22 For repaying in the War 2.624 22 For repaying in the Interior rtment .. 84080 apperpration warrant of the Interior Depart- ment received and entered. + 444 96 For the Navy Department... ‘352,180 49 Covering into treasury from 1,762 28 The London Times of the 2d instant contains an article of a very suggestive character, upon the sub- ject of the precariousness of American securities, by reason of the taint of usury which may be supposed to attach to them. This is, indeed, a subject of very serious consideration to capitalists, and it is nota little surprising that the absorbing thiret of gain should heretofore have operated to blind the eyes of the eager money breeder to a danger £0 great and imminent. The brilliant promise of cent per cent shines before him with a lustre so dazzling that he does not see yawnir g beneath him, even at his very feet, the fearfal chasm, capable of up principal as well as interest, of his fondly cherished investments. By the laws of several States of our Union, various penalties are affixed to usurious con tracts; but none are more severe and merciless than those of New York. Here, usury is madea criminal offence by statute, and the parties to a usurious con" tract are amenable to indictment and punishment as criminal offenders. Here, a contract tainted with usury in its inception, is absolutely void, into whose hand soever it may subsequently pass. A contract wade in New York, by which it is sgreed that any greater cum than seven per cent per annum shall be reserved or retained, direstly or indirectly, for the use of money, has no legal vitality whatever. N> suit can be sustained upon it in any court, anywhere, because the contract contfis its construction; and the entire sum loaned, principal as well as interest, is forever fortcited and lost. Now, let us, by way of illustration, make an in- structive application of this subject to the securi- ties, (for instance) of the [inois Central Railroad and the New York and Erie Railroad Companies. Theee companies have entered into contracts with various parties for the loaning of moneys, in pursuance of which, and in consideration of the loans made, they have executed and delivered their bonds or obligations, payable at a future day, with interest at the rate of seven per cent per annum, Feyable semi-annually, to the extent of some forty million of dollars, These eontracts are all made in New York, dated in New York, and to be executed in New York. They are, therefore, governed by the Jaws of New York. In order to obtain from the copitalist the moneys required, these companies have consented to a deduction, and in many in- stances to a very large deduction, from the amount of the bond or ebligation given. Indeed, upon the last loan of $3,000,000 made to, or advertised for by the Illincis Central Railroad Compayy, they boldly proposed, by publication in the papers here—with the pains and penalties of the usury statutes staring them in the face—to execute and deliver their bonds or obligations, promising to pay the sum of $1,000, in six years, with interest at the rate of seven per cent per annum, payable semfapnually, to each person who would loan them $700. In other words, the agreement was to pay, in addition to the lawfal interest upon the sum borroyed, the enormous sum of $900,000, end lawful interest upon that sum, too, for the use of $2,100,000 for six years. In pursuaxce of this agree- ment, the bonds have been made and issued, so far a8 loans have been made; aud in pursuance of like agreements, though perhaps not to the same ruin- ously usurious extent, the previons bonds of the company have been made and iesued. Now, these E i falle ie the: the eatire mine pon " Bre; be eee ey some oO! masses were examined and found to contain bed evidences of the presence of iron im their bition. A convenieat position was therefore chosen, where roof in one ‘orhahe chambers had ’ ‘dome-like”’ ceiling, from twelve to wee Ss s 4 which irregular fectly defined strata, much divided A pee entail Colare Ih waarect math by props,) in q ‘and oblong. masses, m three to twelve inches thick; its cleave- age Lsvpeztect, aap eras generally er. i ge proach: stoney a a streaks of lighter shade, some, Howover, pening > fracture of t. with minute specks of brightness, ‘The density and nt of the whole being: as to induce the belief that the entire mass or “‘ever+ le,’’ was compcsed of tbat peculiar iron-' stone, known an‘ black band.” but want of with this, to us, new kind of ore, and the extreme difficaltyof determining its character trom its external Induced us to measuse and number the soveral (the markings being sufficy distinct to afford an ap- proximate measurement or thickness, &c.) commencing ‘at the base or coal vein, as follows, viz.:— Ne. 1, one foot thick, No, 6, five inches thick, ‘© 2, two feet thick, “« 6, two feet thick, se * six feet thick, and and secured 1, 2, 3, 6, : .D., of this elty; and’ obtained their analysis as early 08 possible, the result of whieh you will see py his certitieate hereto annexed. We also found at this mine about twenty fathoms above the great vein of coal, another ‘‘ out erop- Ping belt of ircn stone, of about two feot in thickness, compored of ‘nodules’? intermingled with 8 light brown ce shale. The analysis of thisore be ga certificate of Dr. yn, under the head of 0. 11. We tollowed the galleries and chambersof this mine through several thourand yards in extent, and found ‘the roof uniformly composed of the same mat Test- ing dfrectly en the great vein of coal, and the « os every where presenting identical charactertits in color, , Stratification, thicknexs, &c., with those of the ‘‘Hek- hart’? mine, from which I have no hesitation in assum- ing that this iron stone forms the next geological series above, and is co-extensive with, the great vein of coal of the Frostburg region When compared with the black band iron stone of Scotland, the description of a large portion of the overlie in the Cumberland mines would be steikingly similar almost identical in all, save inextent. The three strata already stated present an ag; Lined thickness of not less than five feet, whilst the thickest vein or bed found in Scotland, as far as I have been able to learn, does not exceed rixteen inches. Two of the important veins of this iron stone found in Scotland, and worked with great profit, are situate in the parish of Old Monk- land, and known as the ‘“Atrdric 8,’? one of which is only six inches thick, and yields from 20 to 21 per cent of iron; the other is ten inches thick, and from 34 to 28 per cent of iron. The two mont important vein are found on the “Dryden estate,” near Edioburg, one of which is fourteen inches thick, and. ylelis 25°3 per cent of iron; and the other is sixteen inches thick, and Ph 42.3 per cent of iron. (See Mushet on Iron and iteel, 126-80.) One of the peculiar features of this species of iron stone, is the facility wits which it is wurrefied or roasted, and produces from the stone, of apparently a very low per centage of iron, a very rich ore. Several tests of this kind made at your Company’s mines aforded strong evidence that nearly the entire mass. of stone overlaying the ‘‘great coal vein” may be advan- tegeously used. om experiments and observations I am convinced that this vein will be found practically the richest, as it in vastly the most extensive of the kind known. it me, therefore, in conclusion, to alate your company upon their possessing not onl; finest. and most accessible vein of coal in country, but also vu the discovery of this truly Herculean bed of which must add almost incalculable wealth to their ready rich porsessions, ‘The result of the analysis of the samples of clay, fron ores, pyritous slate, &c., was as followa:—No. 1} contained 42.38 per ont in 100. No. 2, 23.81 in 100. No. 3, 4.89 ta 100, No. 6, 33.60 in 100. No. 7, 9.10 in 100. No. 8, 9.57 in 100. No. 11, 25.20 in 100. Stock Exchange. TvespAY, Feb. 20, 1855. $500 Ohio 6's, 50 nhs N '¥ Cenlift.c 7000 Virginia do, 30 10C0 Har Ist M be. .53 1000 rie Con Ba ‘71. bonds are all void—utterly void—without the slightest legal validity whatever, incapable of being enforced by suit in any court, here or elsewhere. They sre mere waste paper in the hands of the holders, hcwever innocent they may bs of all know- leége of the usurious taint upon the contract at its inception. So far as the slightest legal value is con- cerned, these fanciei securities, heretofore so eagerly sought for, and so fondly cherished, are no more than so much blexk paper. This may bea startling propotition, but it is, nevertheless, strictly and literally true—true in its whole length and breadth, without qualification or limitation. It can- not be denied, and it would be criminslly dishonest + attempt to conceal it. . When we sce a railroad corporation indebted to an amount exceeding twenty millions of dollars— aud this sum increasing each year by one million four hundred thousurd dollars as the mere accumu: lation of interest—having a rcad not yet completed --and though completed, incapable of paying even the expenses of its operation for years t) come, owing to the stubborn fact that it traverses, through ite whole extest, an uncultivated, uninhabited re- gior—having nothing save a lauded property convertible into cath, and not at any future time, or under the most favorable circum- starces, capable of being made to liquidate but a mall portion of its liabilities—he must be wilfally blind who fails to discern for such a compaty the lowering proximity of the day of trial end disaster, of exhausted resources and shattered credit, of non” payment, bankruptcy and repudiation. The legal effect of a ururious taint upon the con. tracts and obligations of our corporations, we are quite confident, cannot be understood in Europe at all. Indeed, even here they ecem > be but par- tially and imperfectly recognized. If capitalists abroad or at home are willing to lend their money in reHance solely upon the honor of the borrower that it shall be returned to them, so be it; but let them not be demded with the belief that they poseces legal obligations capable of being enforced in accurt of justice. Simple justice, fair dealing, and common honesty, requ're that thoy sbonld bs made to understand the precise mature of the seeurities which they hold, so that when they turn to ashes in their grasp, they may have no just occasion to arraign aught but their own blind credulity as the true and sufficient cause or the loes of their investments. If, on the other hand, they desire, (as we venture to suppose may not be unlikely,) when they place these securities smong their strong box treasures, to possess the conviction that they are securities which the laws of the land will upbcld and its courts will enforce, we trust that they will not failto become fully ap. prized, as €s ential requisites to that conviction: Firet, of the manner in which “the law of tho. place of the contract” regards and disposes of that contract, if 1s be usurious; and second, of the pre. cise facts incident to th contract at its actual in. ception, tending to show, either conclusively or pre. sumptively, that the contrast was made in violation of the usury laws. ‘The President of the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company has submitted to the stockholders the fol- lowing letter from A. M. Sherman, Esq., who, after the most careful investigation and elaborate experi- ments, has given the resalt in as condensed a form ible. The ce of this di and EF aN eteate tabelveds induces ops the report at length: i New Yonx, Feb. 14, 1865. A. Menarrey, Esq., President of the Camberland Coal end Iron Company :—Sir—In complying with the request to visit the mines of your company, and ascertain the facts in the rumored discovery of valuable iron ore on the lands of the compa: have the’ honor to report: — That Mr. F. be pr id myself left this city on the 0th Jan , and arrived at the mines on the following eve- ry gion, presented a gen rieultaral land, beautifully woodland, meadows and grain fields for miles in extent. stead of a rough, mountainous and sterile re- und surface of rich ag- ified with patches of Under this ven of coal amt the foot of a pea @ company's pri Ned'by” tie invelligent 4 Henderson, we entered the Eckhart mine. Alter advancing s few yards we entered the great vein bed of dark slate, et exterior lies the great fourteen foot itle slope, a few yards from and railroad station, ac and efficient superinten. of coal, which immeéiately on & or shale, the wi field presenting the singular feature of an immense ae contre ) being curved s e ap lnvertes ateb, Nets us pertece presents no a * 5 to the left ess % grate, we Wetined hevered thoasand e x RRR 800 ao. 9834 60 shs Del&Hud Cal 11434 28 Am Exeh Be.,.. 105% SSSSGERSSSSSLSSESS. ttt RRR RRR 100 Penn Coal Co... 50 New Jersey Zinc. 66 NY Central RR. 1000 do... 1 +" 500 9355 So b60 934% 28 Cleve C& Cin RE 103 BOARD. 100 shs Harlm RR.b3 100 do 50 ‘70. 10000 DCRR Bs. . 63 4000 Syr&Bing 1st €000 Brie Bds of ’75 1000 Erie Con Ba ’71 1000 Erie Con Bs ’62 12 she Am Exch Bk 105 3¢ 100 Nic Trans Co..83 16: 200 a 830 40 Mich South RR,. 6 Mioh Cent! RR.. 903¢ 60 Erie RR b30 4536 450 do 45% Tr. Torspay, Feb. 20—6 P, M. pe eg Hid bbls. y hy primera ys rhe READETUFES.: ur was ral lor ea: and some lots purchased for . The pliant | about 5,000 a 6,000 bols luded in which were State brands, common to straight and choice, at $8 12 a $8 50; $8 €2'n $912 for Ubio, Michigan, Indiana and Wis- consin, and $1075 a $12 for extra Genesee. South- ern brands were in fair request at $8 75 @ $9 26 for inferior to good, and at $9 37 a $10 37 for f and In the above sales were 800 to 1,008 bbls, Gana: y extra, which was above the Toes of b “Ha plent id prices fa- views ayers. ity an vored purchasers. The sales ‘cabenced about ‘80,000 to. 9 ,000 bushels, including common Southern mixed at 94e. ; good yellow and white at 95¢. a 96c., with a cargo or two of prime white and yellow at 97c. The market closed at %6e a 96c. Wheat—Sales 2,000 bushels were sere deliverable in April, at $2 ‘spot $2 30 was demanded. Oats were firm god une! - Meal and rye flour were quiet and unc! Corrxe.—-The embraced 269 bags St. Domi at do, aa on private terms; 800 do, at ; * to Liverpool at 53d. a Gd., in bulk and bags. bacon were engaged at 17%, 6d. Compressed ‘sd. To Lonaon, 100 boxes bacon were 4 25a, To Antwerp, 3,000 bbls, rosin were engaged at 2s. } €d.; 5,000 ps Pingo ‘c.; 200 Dols. ashes at 28a; ) bales at dgc.; tons at 278. 64.; 4 900 boxes bacon at 3c. ; 80 casks rice at 268., and 200 tons mahogany at 27s. 64. To 60 tierces rice at 22s. 6¢., and 100 bbls. ierd at Ko. To Havre, rates were un: To California, rates ranged from Ste. a 35e. Z a ‘The market for raisins was steady at unchang- A a * juLAksEs.—Sales of 300 to 400 bbls. New Orleans wor made at 26¢. a 2c. Mavat Stones —Sales of 200 bbis. spirita wore made a’ 41o., and 1,500 bbis. common rosin were sold at $1 623¢ a oS 65 ew delivered. 8 — was no change of moment citber in linseed or other oils, Wwhanias Provisions.—Pork was more active and firmer; about 400 10 600 bbls. old mess were sold at $12 75; new do. at $14 37 a $14 60, Sales of 750 bbls, wosterm prime mess were made at $15 60, which was an advance, an! | 2.500 do. were made on private terms. i—Sales of 160 bbls. country mess were made at $11 76. Beef hams of prime quality were mostly out of market, Out meats were steady. Sales of about 250 boxes long micdies bacon be at 83¢c.. amd 75 bens tlerces at Ope. @ 0740. alteration. Locwoop.—The soles embraced 600 tons St {n bond, at $17 60, which pretty we'l awept leaving only about two ‘unsold. Honey, —Males of about 26,000 have been made un the spot, re won anaes andl prices unc! 1k was 5 6c fe 250 do. ‘abe at 4% 6 Orleans at 4jge a 6c, . ic. & Be. Tonacco.—The market was firm, ie ee ese 100 bhds. Kentucky, prime quality, at 9¢., and 20 at B3ec. Sricee.—Pimento keeps in good t; about pee youk aestved, was cold en: private tore. There offering; the price is 10}g¢. im bond, amd 14c 14Me., duty paid. the market), fo arrive, for 6 export, Svea ass F