The New York Herald Newspaper, January 28, 1855, Page 2

7 an inch of his pretensions, spite of the ition of Austria, fag conduct of Prusis. The Bumperor of Russia amows perfectly well he is master of an inert which enables him to bide the chance of ; and a growicg conviction ia everywhere g, that thougn there may be great dlood- seeaMothite deatruction to life und property, the year 1856 will find the main question pretty much ‘where it is at present. Uader suctt circamstaaces, @ ery is getting up for more vigorous “ouncila. The present disposition is to make a holocaust of tne Duke 0: Newoastle and Mr. Sidney Herbert—tnose marmalade sons of war. is one of those lata and plas‘er remedials for which Lord Joho Ru:sell has always been famous; but the thing won't do, and nothing but an organic ministerial resoastruc- tion qill satisfy the people of Esgland, though I should not be eurprived if this tub to the whale ‘were not frst attempted. It is the talk of the clubs that Lord Palmerston is ony looktag for a sofe place whereon to Jet himeelf fall, and get out of the minis- terial comicile. It is clear that he only bides his time, but ne is acute enough to know that without some terrible crisis, he will not be able to obtain that ful! and unbiaseed control which is necessary for a vigorous policy in the existing state of affairs. To a period of war, a minister is chained to tne heels of hie general, and of course, if seme sgaal success were to shire on Lord Raglan, (4nd he has nad won: derfa} luck.) the ministry migot hobbie on for a time; but Lord Rigian has not tne gecius to save it, anda pamphiet just published by Sic Howard Douglas, an old officer of great experience, has dis: vected the whole Crimea expedition ia @ msnaer which bas made a profound sensatioa on the pub- lie mind, ard goae far to convince it that the attack on Sebastopol, from first to last, has beeu sud continues t» be a repetition of the kaignt of Ly Mapcha’s charge on the windmil's. fae briliiant} exploit at Alma he declares but weakened the army, toe famous flank movement w the Soata an egee- gious error, and that our efforts should have deena, with the inadequte means at our disposal, confiaad to the north, and w cutting off the ene ny’s com manica tion with Perekop. He ssys:—Let Bapatoria in- stead of Bslakiava be selected as the base of opsra- tions—! e relieving or observing army be driven out of the Ciimea—and this will require 200,000 men, and then Sebasto.ol may ba iaves.ed, aad will obey the action of those laws whieh rander the fall of besieged pla es after a certain tim: inevitab'e.” Some amusement has been created by the auto- graph letter of the Queen of England, forwarded by Mr. ane Herbers to the Crmesa. Tae trath is toe srittsh monarchical puppe’ is placed such a @readtul way off from the poor clay woich composes the people that any little theatrical emanation ot this hind is not cal ulated to make that seatimeatal impression which the exalted class pertainiag to the War Secretary supposes. You cannut keep « paople im vratal ignorance —you cansot deny them all ra- ‘dopal relaxation— you cannot order them t> uaion jaile, called workuouses, whea Jabor ia denied them —Jou cepuot cas’ them ashore uader the cold auade ef aristovracy— you cannot leave them to fl »nader {In the mud, to dite in trenches, waste vith disease, to cbill uncovered in the wintry nignt’s blast, pay them for their pains a shilling a day, and expect them to go mad with enthusiasm ata few dramatic words which a littie woman, once ia 8 decade, chooses to writs about them. The tra‘a fe, nebody kuows snything about the Quesa of Hag- land out of her own cicle. Ia the tsie of Wigat, which she is most fond of makiag her homs, the is despised tor the invariable parsimony whisa pervades the royal housebold, aad is sugposed gea- eraliy to be so devoted to her own narsery dusies that se fas little care or feeling for anything be- yond that circle. As to beiug a motner of ner peo- pie, she has vever before made any pretence to such charact+r, aud from the day of her marriage till this omen’ she pas been to toe pevple of Baglaada political dummy. Prince Albert is thong st to bea map of consicerable tat and pratence, but his Gerwan origin, 1» spite of himself, biases and fiaally @rage him down. His patronage of the arts, whih de is apxiogs should be his chief title to renown, is shorn of half its glory by :he sbabbtness of his re- mureration, and we ourvelves once knew a young man by the name of Morrison, famous for his detia- eations of interiors—the artistical manner ia waich he could cesign, vot only tne architec:ural shape, but the cort-nts of a room—who used to be contin- wel Oy fue to Windsor, and who fouud the pay ol gulceas @ day so utierly ias equate to the experees he was obliged to incur, aad the inserrup tions it cansed to bis more lucrative works, that, Roteithstan ting the importance of the patronage, be was obliged to thiow up the employment. Universiry Cius. worth ves imetion of withdrawing an of Our Berlin Correspondence. Bets, Jaa 9, 1955. Germany Drifting Towards a Great Crisis— Prussia Out- manauvred by Austria—Dificult and Anxious Posi- tion of the Former— Feeling of the Prussian Population in Favor of the Allies—Their Real Impressions with Regard to the War—Frederick William and his Hopes and Fears—The Campaign in the Crimea. The year 1854, signalized by the commencement of ene ef the most sanguinary and ruinous wars that have ever desolated Europe, bas found and left Prussia, and, indeed, all Germany, in a state of apparent tranquillity and external repose. True, we have @ numerous army on foot; but a strong military force is always required by European governments, not s0 much to protect them from the attacks of their neighbors, as to permit any too exuberant demonstrations of loyalty on the part of their own subjects. True, the taxes are being raised, and aloan ef thirty millions of thalers has been granted by that most accommodating body, the Prussian Chambers; but, then, ene can never have too much money, and y rate it ie more advisable to borrow when you have credit than to wait till you have none. It cannot be denied that our faithful ally, the Emperor of Austria, has joined the co- alition against our less faithful ally, the Emperor of al; the Russias, and is urging us to follow his example; but then the Vienna conferences have been resumed, Lord Westmoreland has seat his card te Prince Gortschakoff, and the Czar has intimated his williagness to listen to any overtures not derogatory to the digaity or injurious to the welfare of his empire, In spite of these favorable symptoms, however, it is evident that we are “drifting” towardsa mighty crisis, that the neutrality which Prussia bas hitherto so strenu- eusly endeavored to preserve, is becoming more aad more untenable, and that she will, at no distant period, be called upon to take an active part in the struggle, of which she has #0 long been an idle spectator. Ths fact is, that during the whole course of tae negotiations that have been ‘dragging their slow length along’? for the last twelve months, she has been regularly out-manaav- red by Austria and forced by degrees out of all the posi- tions in which ahe attempted to entrench herself. Firat, nhe refused to accede to the protocol of April, by which Austria was to supersede Kussia in the occupation of the Proncipalities; then, after this had become a fait accom- pli, she agreed to assist Austria in case of ag attack ‘upon the dominions of that Power by Russia, but refused to extend her co-operation to the defence of Moldavia and Wallachia; aud floally, whea the superior adroitness of the Austrian diplomatists bad succeeded in wriaging from her @ reluctant consent to the proposal ste bad just rejected, the Cabinet of Vienoa turned round and which, concluded a treaty with the Western Powers, though for the prevent restricted to t! hardly fail, sooner or later, to involve hostilities with the colossus of the Norta, aia is bound by treatyto stand by Austria in need; if, therefore, Austria should commence hostilitie jst Russia and find herself threatened by a Musco vite army on any parto! Ler extensive froatier, ill guard ed as it is by the affections of her subjects, she Las right to inv ike the assistance of Prussia, would have no alternative but either torefus: and thus draw upon herself the vengeance Powers, or to join the general crusade a, and expose herself to the no less form the Czar. if the peopte, and not the government, had to decide, the issue would not be for « moment douht(al. Me. Cob den’s assertion, that nineteen twentieths of the inhabi tants of Prussia approved of the line of policy adopted by their rulers and were averse to war, shows the honor. able gentleman to be completely t of the real state of public opinion in this country; on the contrary, & War, And more 6s) ly a war with Russia, is loo! forward to by «great majority of the German nation as the bloody inauguration of a new happier era, aad & weliet from the intolerable yoke %, are now Ss They know that the lamentable miscarriage of the revelution of 1648 was chiefly to the inter- ference of Russia: that it was the assurance of Russiaa support that inapired Frederick William with courage to dissolve the Legisiative Assembly of Prussia and expel ‘the representatives of the nation from the Hall of Ses- sions at the point of the bayonet; that it was the froa of the Russian autocrat that arrested the fall of the house of burg and fixed its boyish scion on cemented with the blood of his people. Russia stood between them and liberty; is it to be wondered at venedie ong J anrious for her overthrow? are well aware that the present war is not imme. eonnected with the cause of freedom; that it is on by the man who has crushed the Roman, and republic, who rules over one of the nations of Europe with more than Rus. wes seopotians, and who bas) lt i i ance with the of Menenes ook Waly. But will prema by its originators, and that the annihila- salsheags in sie crpee’ of Rarer y ot in the aspect pe. Louis Napoleon is of too ephemeral « nature to offer any it obstruction to the progress of liberty, and and abborred by ail parties, will find her diplomatic wiles ineffective in averting the doom = is reine ——: nee pean: pom or permanently es! from the other des; pow- = the triumph of the people only remains # question of time. It is an uneasy consciousness of this state of the pub- lic mind that has given rise to the vacillating aud am- biguous policy pursued by the Prussiao mouarch and his advisers, throughout the various phases of the great Oriental embroilment. There can be very little doubt that Frederick William would be happy to espouse the cause of the Czar, to whom he is bouad by the ties of interest and consanguinity, if he were not afraid of awakening @ burst of indignatioa that would shake his monarchy to its foundstion. He remembers the “Ides of March,” and stande in salutary awe of their renewance, while his brother, the Prince of Prussia, though naturally of » more imperious aod arbitrary character than the King himself, has bad his 8 Ox- cited 10 such pitch that he is trying to consiliate the popular yoice by declaring ostentatiously ia favor of ém ‘alliance with the West, aad displaying » determined hostility to Russia. Other members of the royal family, less prudent or more courageous, mase no secret of their Muscovite predilections, and trust to the fidetity of the army for keeping down any revolutionary movement, One day the anti-Kussian party got tne upper hand, and government ap) ready to yield to the “pressure from without; the next, M.de Buaberg (the Russiaa am- baseador) audience of the Ki ais repre- sentations of Prince Charles an back upon ‘stem of temporizing, and ‘halting between two opinions.”? Had the expedition to Sebastopol met with prompt and decided success, it would no doubt have put an ead to all hésitation, and scattered the scruples of the Prussian monarch to the four winds of heaven, Frederick Wil- liam is no Cato, and he would not have persisted in a:t- hering to @ cause which the gods had deserted, But in the present situation of the allies, there is m0 very pow- atk incentive for him to court their frieodship. fhe immense resources and untlinching energy displayed by Russia bave revived his admiration of the Czar, and he is probably not without hopes that the great abilities of Nicholas will enaole lim to emerge unssathed from the territle struggle he is engaged in, and firce nis antago- nists to patch up a hasty and ignominious peace. I can- not heip thinking his Prussian Majesty is mistaken, al- though the | counts from Vienua certaialy look ra- ther suspici It appears that negotiatioas have ac- tually been entered iuto with the Russian plenipotentia- 1, and it is not difficult to foresee to waove advantage they will turn out. satisfactory to Rust But no arrangemeot that would be an be otherwise than disgraceful to France and Engh and after the incrediole exertions these two Powers have wade and are still making to prosecute the war, it seems impossible that tuey suould consent to terms that woukt eave the r enemy uniw- paired in strength, aud ready to resume his ambitious plans at the first favorable opportunity. Wo have reports from the Crimes up to the 30th ult., which, however, are only of negative importance. By that time the allied army will be 100,000, and the Rus- sians probably 120,000 men strong, for the assurances of the Moniteur that the state of tne roads will prevent Menschikoif from being joined by any freak troups, are mere pia desiderata, ‘there ix & very good post road from T'erekop to Sympheropol, and it 13a fact thattwo divisions of infantry, under Generals Popoif and Lissen- ko, have arrived there sioce the battle o’ Inkerminn and that a third is on its march from Odessa. In a week or two, therefore, the tug of war is likely to re-com mence in dead earnest. A.B. Our Parts Co: ‘espondence. Panis, Jan. 11, 1855. The Weather—The Rhinoceros Dead—The Emperor of Russia Showing the White Feather—Point of Differ. ence between England and her French Imperial Ally— Lord John Russell— Napoleonic Features—His Imerial and Apostolical Majesty of Austria—Zhe Frowning Face of the Crar—The Grand Dukes—Degradation of Ofjicers of the Eastern Army—The Effective Force of the French Army. A cold bright day has broken the spell of mild, damp weatber which has lately prevailed in Paris, The wioter here bas thus far been less inclement than usual ; but rains, and fogs and mud have made it sufliciently dis agreeable, One moze foreiga victim to the climate 0: Yaris must now be counted—for the rhinoceros is dead, Two months sickness have at laat ended the va‘n at tempt during five years past to acclimate this interest ing monster at the Garden of Plants. But the hippopo- tamus still survives there. The arrival of a temale hip- popotamus, or rather, I suppose, of a hippopotama, is daily expected to relieveThis solitude and divert the good people of Paris from reflecting too mach upon the accu- mulation of the national debt, (swollen by two freshets n the shape of loans, the first of 250,000 ; the second of 600,000, in less than a twelve mionths,) the fresh con. tingents required for the army—the uncertainties of Aurtrian, Prussiaa and Germaa policy—the discouraging accounts from the Crimea—and all tue sober realites, no spectral shapes, evoked by the fatal Eastern Question, Yesterday the Paris jouraals aanounced as the capital fact of the week the arrival of despatches from Vienna remarkable for tueir pacitic tendency. The sumor of a special alliance betweea France and Austria altogether independent of that based oa the triple trea- ty of the 2d of December, has occasioned less uneasiness Here than in Kugiaad, che Kmperor, ai ter reflecting, as i» bis wont, upon the propositions delivera.ed in so- Jemn council about a monta ago, at the suggestion, per- haps, of the English cabinet, as to whether any modi- fications of the constitation in @ Liberal sease were ad-* visable, Las probably come to the conclusion that whas- ever m ght be the advantages of an alliance with liberty and revolution, these would be counterbalanced by their perils. He prefers, doub tless, at least tor the present, to maintain kurope im the classical coudition of # war between government and government. In ap alliance with the Austrian Emperor for the mutaal conservativa of the limits of their territorial possessions, be consults Jess the interests of England than his own. Kugland and he, it is obviously, have not precisely the same game to play. I do not une, 0; A moment that the English gov- ernment is mo ticious them the Freach kinperor for Dberty in itself; but is isundeniable thet Kogland would gladly profit in the struggle in which se 18 engaged hy the forces which liberty might brivg to its au. On this point you may be sure there is areal difference between the two allies, which gives serio to the statesmen of England. England is ing herself lees the ally of France (of tue French), than of their Emperor. While the journals are full of conjectures as to the an- ticipated Ministerie] changes in the Englivh cabinet, Lord Jobn Russell has arrived in Varis and been received at the Tuileries. It ia not likely that he will alter the pre- dilect:ons of Napoleon III. tor bis Imperial aod Aposto- lical Majesty ot Austria, to whom he bas just sent the Grand Order of the Legioa of Honor, in retarn tor tae order of St Stephen lately bestowed upon him by his loving cousin. ave you heard that # more intimate cousinship than that of political conventionalism, or “connections by mar- riage,” has been suggested, us existing between the two monarchs Not long since, it is said, a portrait of the Emperor Jouepl was being exaauned by a group of per- sons at the Tuileries, when a certain high personage suddenly asked, “Lo you not nutice the Napoleonic lines in this fine countenance?’ “Why, yes;” exclaimed an outspoken princers—*how much he looks lixe the Duke of Reichstaa! You must not be surprised then if 1) heart of the Emperor of the French warms towards tue young and chivalric Emperor of Austria. Meanwhile tbe Czar wears rather a frowning face for his young cousin, as well as his bon ami. if it proves true that the Austrian Ambassador actually leit st, Petersburg on the 3d, the tokens of the Czar’s manitesto which he proclaims “sword in hand a crows in heart” of his prodigious sod unceasing preparations to continue the war with relentless vigor—are unmistakeable, It will be difficult for the most sanguine believers in the efficacy ot diplomacy to unravel the gordian knot which the sword bas thus far failed to cut It will be difficult for them “ to cry peace, pence, when there is no peace.’” The Grand Dukes who bad visited their sick mother, the Empress, at Gatchina- here, it is said, her health in improving of late—were to retacn without’ loag delay to Sebastopol. Thusfar they have beea less unfortunate than the two allied invalid riaces at Constantinople, The degradation of Suliman Pacts, commander of the Ottoman troops at the affair ofgialaklava, and of Halet Bey, who commanded the secoud brigade of the aa sion, and their condemnation to serve for seven years as rowers on the galleys of the Saltau, have prod deep and salutary impression on the Turkish army. pu ment cannot, however, be more severe than the ceration which palic opinion in Europe would intist upon the names of any similar culpritsin tae allied army. ‘The etfective force of the Preach army way eatunated, you remember, by the Emperor, at the recent opening of the Legislative Session, ae high as 651,000, calculation would suffice to show that tna liberal figure. 1 fe seen ao elaborate state: cording to which the effective force of tus army ed, on the Ist of December last, to scarcely 540,00). By the law o¢ 1851, or of recraitwent, the term of military service endures seven years, which ix the same as to say that the army i» compored of men taken from seven Legirlative debates aod the reports of war have shown the necessity of an aa ingent of 80,000, in order to supply ao army of 500,000, Such is the theory. Now look at the practice. In 1840 the seven contingents were called out, making an effective of 496,000, 1848 the same operation was made; the effective outed to 51,000. inthe year 1864 the army was composed of six con tingents of $0,000 men, for 1847, '48, '49, 160, 'ol, 162, and one contingent of 140,000 mea for 1853. This augmentation of 0,000, the contingent being carried from 80,000 to 140,000, would make it seem, at first sight, that the efective force actually amoaate to entered into clove alli. | £81,000, 670,000, whieh, atter all, is not 581,000. But if you succersively deduct from this nominal num der of $70,000, the difference between tne 20,000 volua- teers of 1848 and the hardly 10,000 of 1854—that is, 10,000—you have 560,000; then’ the 6,000 conscripts which the navy reseived from the contingent to the de triment of the army—that is, 6,000 more in 1864 thao in 1848—~yon bave 664,000; the loss by the ravages of cholera at least 4,000, you have 560,000; then the nota. ble detelt of eonseripts, at east 4,000 again, you havo $46,000. But deduet, finally, the moderate sam of 10,000 for the actual losees that the army of the Hast bas sudbrot by the aword and fire of the enemy, by cholera, ex. excenaive fatigue, by maladies of all kinds, ‘and you have lett only an e' ive force of 596,000. Quite a sufficient quantity of food for powder, but 45,000 Pe than TES WAR. & vel aE =f LY of stone, others portable—in which fresh bread being continual, 1, 80 that the French soldier the Englian soldier, to content is not ghliged, bimself bissuit, whica engenders scurvy. Without awaiting the providence of thei: govern- ment, they bave erected warm huts, from wood collected and taken from demolisued Car tar hu's, ano the smoke of their cnianeys curls up pleasently in the air. Under these circumstances the Englivh or Tarkisa camp. The teles, sing avd work merrily. Tne clothing of offi- cers and men is as clean as if they were simvly dr ing bard paren, daty. The Zouaves anus the camp et night by stealngout individually, climb- ing the Russien outworks, and planting Frea sn flags them. Tne Russians are bamboozled, as at night fires are lit at quite solitary syots, upon which they fire away as hard as they can. General Canr> bert, despite his wonnds, is to be seen daily ia the camp, but Geveral Bosquet ia the favorit: of the men The Tarkish camp, which ie next to tie French, offers a miserable aspecs, dirt, torn tents, unifo ms which can scarcely be recogaizsd as unt- forms, and soldiers that ean scarcely be takeu for soldiers. Nevertheless they equat dowa quiet'y ia the mud, and smoke their wih complaceacy. We have already said so much respecting the Eax- lia camps that we sball only give the description uf our friend in a few worde:—‘On the whole, it is the contrast of the French camp—there are no roads, i¢ we except one made recently to coavey tie terrible mortars. On all sides, between the turn tents, dead cattle, horses, aud oxen are rottiog,and no oae thinks of removing the pestbringtag, carcases. Officers and men are 89 baily off for clothss that they may ve placed on a par with the Tarks. Tie officer does not give himself the sligitest trouble in the world about the fate of tne private, his food, dress, or snelter; he leaves all taat to the care of the commissariat, Lord Raglan lives ia his house, and for days together is not visible. Tae wooden huts sen’ from Eagtand lie disjecta membra in the water, and will lie there useless, until the naile for putting tbem together arrive out. My efriend, who ia a merchant, had the opportuaity of making some characteristic obs:rvations—anong others, that the Engtishmen always asked for b aady, and champagne, whiie the Freuchmon asked ‘or needles ana thread, Before every Kaglish barsau he observed empty casks acd broken champsgae and brandy bottles. The inhabitants of the villages which lie scatered between Sebastopol and Balak Java, at first the friends, have necome, in coase- aoe of probably 1ecessary severe treaiman}, tie itter enemies of the ailies, 80 that they are feared 8 spies, and not one of them ia allowed to leave nis hut witiout an escort, My iotormaut siso nad a close view of the besieged fortrese. He deciares that trere isn tthe slignteat indi ation of a breach, avd that the walls of S:bastopol apvear iatact aud unspproachsble. To his question, ‘‘ When will S2- baatozol be taken?” a Zouave raptied. ‘’ Wnen there are three Thuradsya in one week!” Despite thia re py the whole camp is eager for tha assault, Goue- ral Caprobert never 1idea through tae camp withoat ben g foliowed by cries of “ L’assaut, mon Genéral,” from all quorierr. THE LADIES OF THE BXPEDITION. Ot all the Jadies who acsomvanied or joined the expeditionary army only one remsine, namely—Mes, Duberiey, wife of toe paymester of che 1ltn Hassars, who is qaartered at Bslakiava, and with whom she may be o-casionally seen riding or watking. The aspect cf this lady is now grave, though she was tn England very fond of the gaieties of Itfe. Many of the wives lefs at Malta, Tcerapia, Pe-s, &., have been made widows by war and climate. [his re- minds we of an affeeung anecdote tnat was related to me by @ witness to it concerning a youthfal dra goon cffiver’s death. He'was feartally wounded ia the cavalry sction, and Jay anhorwea aud deeply groaning, when jie requee' some on? nesr him not Vo conceive that he was groauing from “anv want ci pluck,” but that the pain was sv intense he real could not help it—that he knew be wa: dying, a begged that # lock of bis ba'r might be at one cat offand sent, with his love, to bis mother. Tow was done, and was the Jast that was seen of him alive. There was at that critical moments no time for tur- ECCENTRICITIES OF SEBASTOPOL WEATHER. Bince I last wrote (at whicn time we bad twodays of almost eumme: weather) we nave had all sortweof eccentric atmospheric changes—bitter cold, foliuw- ed by .ompasative hest—soishine and hail--snow ond rain; the whole inter-persed with various modi- fications of wind, from a gentle breeze to 8 severe gale. These sudden chang-s are most remarkable: morning wil) gradually reveal to u¢ @ glorious sua- rise, wheu the evening of toe same day wi | tind ua enve! in thick murky mist, out of wish wiil spring burricave and rain. While [ am writing the aepect of the heights is as chill and miserable as any Rarsian can possibly desire. Fogs blow up in quick succession from the castellated crags belo ". It is difficultto walk wu the sofs yielding mad around us, and heavy falis of rain and tremendous gusts of wind have it all their own way. Sash heavy ma ses of failing rain as came dowa upon a8 last nignt I never saw exceeded, evea ia the tcopics. — Times’ Correspondent THK COURTESIES OF WAR. About ten days ago a servant, with his maste>’s baggege. both just arrived from Eagiand, logs nis way when proceeding wich it from Balsklava, to where the regiment was located, and touud himeelf unexpectedly m the Russian samy, and close to General Liprandt’s tent. The General nad the port- mantean opened in his presence, and taking out all dosomente aud letters, sent them, unopened, by the fervant, with a note to the owner, Mr. Chichester, of the 97th, stating what bad haypened, end that the reet ot bis property had, of eourse, beea dis- posed of according to the custom of war. Taig strikes me as being moat civilized and gentlemaulike conduct. It is more toao we have done, oc I am dis- poeed to think, wou)d do. DISTRIBUTION OF THE AUSTRIAN AND RUSSIAN TROOPS ON THE FRONTIER OF POLAND. We read ina Hamburg letter of tne 6th instant, publisbed by the /ndépendance Belge:—‘ It appears, from recent and authentic accounts, that the Aug trian et ee at Cracow aad its neighbor. hood am: to 52,000 men of all arms, with 68 pieces of artillery, divided into four parks, saffl :ient jy near esch other to be re-united in foar or five days. According to the report of an eye witness, that artillery will not be as serviceab!e xe might be desired, for want rt strong horses. should it bs ab\ig- ed to take the fieli immediately. Tae Austrian corp d’ormée is in communication with that of Lem- berg, consisting of 42,000 men, and which can effect its J estomage with the: of Cracow without aay grest Onffi -ulty, or with that of Gallicia, as circamstances may require. Those Austrian troops have in front of them the Rassian army commanded by General Paniutin, and the first corps of intantry, under the orders of eral Siewers, whose headqaarters are at Rad.m, on the rigat bank of the Vistula. Ia virtue of ap imperial reacript, dated the 25th of December, the command of General Siewers ie to extend to the provinces of Livonia and Cour- lend. We can now appreciate with a certain de gtee of accuracy the different positions of the Rossian ! aseembled for the last three montns in Polacd. Tts main force is conoentrated in the triangle formed on the right bank ot the Vistula, by Wilna, Grodno and Warsa¥, waich serves, and will always serve, as the petectont point d’appnt of the army of ©; ith the exception of a few regiments of Rassian cavalry, scattered over the country, the left bank remains without troops. Proseis, covsequently, has little to fearon the side of her Polish f ontiers. Another important point for the Russian army in Poland is the military line es tablished by Marshal Paskiewitch between Zamoec and Reni, acd of which Kiew is the pria: key. Wher the Emperor Nicholas decreed the formati of a pew army in Poland, I wroteto you that tae Rosian engineering department had re.eived orders to complete with a ibie heste the fortifications of this last place, ich is now provided with an immense materiel, and in a formidable state of de- fence. In its Nagy Ay intrenched camp, suffl- ciently spacious to iter an entire army. It is evident that, in choosing this line for the basis of his first operations, general in-chie’ of the Russtan army will be able to direct them ith seou- rity, and extend them at pleasure, on both banke of the Vistula.” CAMP PRICKS AND LUXURIES. We read in a letter trom a sab officer of the French Engineers before :—' T will give you aa idea of the manner in which we live. If we wisn to Tosure anythi the ordi rat ue pay 2fr.a for wine, 70). the pace for haricota, 90¢. the kilo. for potatoes, 4fr. « kilo. sugar, = 2¢r. for a wax gy oB As i other are Teason. As itchen, it Is'a kind of hat built with dry stonen wat weer Sa ot eta hea to Se a , On recreations our ineaean comes through the Toof aa through 8 love ued ie we oat wall are Jouny and in gond Lealtar see save we ,are Y bomb proot pationce. “3 seen THR PRENCH FLOATING BATTERIES, The following, says the Courrier du Havre, fa @ goa cel bavo HA our E 3 et Hf fF il Ss i = i & ey s 4 Hy it z i HT te army is partiy composed of 9 from Danube and the ptt it ia lone not easily bandic3, and mancwuvres badly in presence of aa en- terprising enemy. Ite rals always pla e it for bivouack, as in @ field of battle, in great masses, and do nt know now to deploy it after an st- tack, nor when to make it resist in a thio line. Phe Russian infavtry is very badly armed. Some com- anies Only bave carbines made at Liege; the mus- eta, only recently transformed, kept, and witb butt ends in white wood do not last long in 9 campaign. This infantry will never attain tne level of the French infantry, which is real y the first in the world for making war in woody or hilly coua- tries, where the general-in chief leaves a great deal to the initiative of the soldiers and to the chiefs of corpa and battalions, In the defensive the prefer ence mu’t be given to the Englis. infantry, who, under the fire of the enemy, rest immovable as a rampatt. In a level and exposed couatry our in fantry will have to modify its maaner of combazing, and to resume its old one. This consiste in em- ploying compact or tain order, (épsts ow mince,) ut it cam only be employed wish tatelligeat and experienced troops. Its superiority in arms and intelligence will, however, always give to our infantry the advantage over the Russian infantry, which will always loce haif its value when oblige! to chacge its pisco rapidly. On the Alma eatire Ruesion battalions took w flight ia surprise at toe Youaves’ way of fighticg, they haviag advanced on them in large bodies de ployed, having t-ksa aivaa- tape of sli the accidents of the ground to sheler themselves and to rally, and haviag made against the mssees a ter: ible use of tas peculiar arms coa- fided to heir skill, At Ickermann, in tae upyor part ot the battie-field, and on the lise of tne Ea- glisb, the Rossiau infantry brively attacked the evemy, but did not know Low to deplog ita masses to m to pring more masketa into play, and wnea the French attrcked tneir left flank entire pattal- lions did not know how to change their position. Toe firet ranks bravely resist-d, bat tne following ranks fired im preseating arms. Surprised atte: warde by the sharp attack ot the Cha:seucs d’ afri- que, messes of men, ioatead of eff-cting their re- treat by the crests of the hills, deacended alowly to the lower parte of the ground and tie ravines, were they sllowed toemselves to be «rushed almcat without defence by from 1 000 to 1,200 French. The English have so well uaders(vod the sdvantages wiich weops would have in atvackiog either artu- Jery cr masres of infantry, ia woody or hilly coun- tries, while preserving the order deployed by the firat li-e, that at Inkermann they did not depoy the oréer in cojumns, waich caused them to lose 20 great a pumber cf men onths Alms. Oa the Alms tne Russian cavalry was worse thaa timid; not a charge cid it attempt. AtInkermaon the nature of che ground Bryrenied. \t from taking part in the affair. At Balekiava it did not dare to await the cbarge of two equacrons of Chagseurs d’Afriqae, Toe famous Cossacks have, in fact, never attempted, even in tae plain, to carry off cur sdvanced pos.s or the marau- de18 who pase our lwes; bat it is said toat this ca- valry is but little esteemed, even in Russia. Asa setoff to this, the Russians really possess a great superiority both over the Freuch and tie natal epd exceciaily over the Freach, in their artillery. The Empe or Nic»olas—ia, no doubt, tae expecta tron of w war against ali the nations of the svutn of Euope—occupied bimself a good :eal with that arm, which has made great vrogresa sloce the wars at the begmuing of the century. The cannon are of a large ca ibre; the carriages and caissons well made ald easily moved; the artilerymin are brave aad accustomed to their service; tue officers know per- fectly well how to choose offensive and defensive positions; they occupy them with boldaess, nold them a jong time, and kuow bow to leave them without lesving theic guns.— Paris Consiitutionnel. MIF8 NIGHTINGALE AND THE NURSING DEPARTMENT OF THE EXPED!TION--EELIGIOUB DISSENSIONS AMONGST “THE MINISTERING ANGELS.” T. e last batch of sia‘ers and nurses, sent out under the charge of Mirs Stanley, are still at Therapia, but efter cossiderable negotiation an arrabge nent has been come to by which about 20 of them are to bsem- Ployed bere. Oce half come ia as additional hands, ‘the ciher to supply vacancies which om one cause or other bave ariven in the steff which Miss Night- ingale brought out with her. While tne g00d ehica the vurses have doze is imosicalable, admitted by every one, the suc ess of the expe iment asa fea- ture of the medical department of the army on war service cannot be considered as decisively establish ed vntil certsin religious dissenaions which have arisen sre set at rest. Amoag those whose services Mien Nigntingale has dispensed with are five wite- vedled buns, whose previous convent lives had not softiciently quaified t.em for the duties of parsing. Their removal has given umbrage to the Roman Cattoli: chaplains, At the same time some of the Sellon party hsve not been found as efficient es was deemed desirable, and in the effort to organize band of Rurees out of the material supplied by an out- burst cf zeal and devotion at home, there is some Caper of the whole cudertaking coming to an ab- rupt conclusion. Miss Nightingale is quite right in endeavoring to put her establishment upoa a proper business-like footing; but doing so thus early will, I fear, make her a good number of enemies. Whe- ther she succes ds or fails, she bas at least tre setis- facti.n ot kaowing vhat sbe hes already done an in- calcalable amount of good, and that for two months, when there was no one else to act, she has been the real purveyor of these vas’ establish ments, pro- viding what could not be ob:ained through the re- guiar chanrels of the service, and especialiy from ber extra kitchen supplying com(orta without which many e peor fellow would have died. Her Dame aud benevolent services are the theme of fre- quent and gratetul praise among the men in the trenches, and she bas made the Barra:k Hospital so comfortable, thet the convalescents begin to abow a decided reluctance to leave it. PRESENT ASPECT OF BALAKLAVA. The harbor of Balaklava is now like tho basin of the London Docks, so crowded is it with shippiag of all kinds; and from every one of these veezels, at ai! times of the day, supplies are being constantly land- Along a flat, causeway, rather Deneath the level of the harbor, are boa’s acd barges of aif kinds, laden with biscuit, barreis ef beef, pork, ram, beles cf winter clothing. siege guua, boxes of Mini+ ammunition, piles of sheli, trnases of hay, and sacka cf barley aud potatces. These arc landed in the wet, and stacked in the mud, nntil all the provisions that will spoil are sufficiently impregrated with both to be fit for isenirg tothe men. The motley crowd that is perpetually wading smong these piles of un eatable eatabies is sometiing beyond prescription. The very ragged, gaunt, meserescoking men, wita mitted beard and moustachios, features grimed with dit, ond torn great coats stiff with succeasive layers of mud—theee men whose whole a»pearance speaks toi) and snffering, and who iostantly remind you ot the very lowes; and most impoverished class ot Irish peasantry—are the picked soldiers differeut foot regiments, strong men selected to carry up provisions for tae rest of the camp, Mixed with tnese are sbout two hundred horsemen, whose lank, feeble steeds, covered with huge “rawa,” seem barely able to move about with their riders through the thick, teracionus mud. The horsemen themvelves are all pretty much slike—that is, they are all ragged aad ail maddy, yet on examining these men closely, pd that some have din; heir hesds, others the smal! Scoten cap of the “ Greys ;” the remmants of red trousers iodicate a buscar; while a head drees curiously misshapen dis- covers @ lancer. From all these facts you suddenly Tore to the conclusion that the queer ooking cor tége ia cavalry, or, rather, all that remains of the pine fine regiments which two months ago lanied ia the Crimes. THE ALLIES SPOLIATORS OF CHURCHES. bewapaper cailed the Journal of Odessa publishes extracts ot a letter from a resi- dent at Livadia, one of the most lovely spote in the Crimes, describing the devastation «f Count Po- loaki’s villa during the descent at Yalta. The writer - rl a Vs of danger, we dup ied all the most valusble con- had pa tents of the houses, such aasilver plate By. op Seareckistnwys er strenuously <e @ accusation soaga' on the whole body of our galiaat army, we Dave no intention whatever of exteading this justification to a few iso!ated facta that maytave ‘tely occurred, and which, had they come to ofthe military suthorities, would have with the vigor which is characterivtic of ourdiscipline. The facts, it they did take place, ought for the rest to be attributed to the exaspora- tion juced in our troops by the conduct of the armies. Letus not forget that the Ruseiaa soldier isdefending his owa oil, his hearth sada- ciously invaded by foreigners allied to the enemies of christianity, by adversaries who respect neither chi , nor convents, nor holy beile, and that these crimes are in his eyes 80 many deeds of sacri- Jege that kindle his ve. We must not con- ceal from ourselves the fact that the sa:king of the Church of Caersonesus, that ancient tenpie, wit nested by our soldiers from the bastions of Sebasto- pol, bas justly exasperated them. Tne resiatan: of a people attacked in objects mos! sacred, most dear to its heart, in its religion as wellas its homes, often assumes a fiorce narure by be ee 2 propor. tions that are those of the situation. Besides, why not cite also the conduct of our enemies ? Way not wre for instance, that during the battle of the 24th (Nev. 5) the Anglo French sharp-shooters, unable to resist the collision of our bayone‘s, t.rew them: selves on the ground under the pretence of bsing wounded, but as soon a8 our gallant band had sed, stood up again for the pu:pose of firing ballets at their lege. Acts of this sort, such as we nave just instenced, would amply explain tho exaspera- tion of the Rassian soldier. For the rest, let us, in finishisg, remind our read- ers that if our adversaries are pleaed t> accuse us of cruelty, their own prisoners do as better jastice, The chiefs of the allied armizs have received irre fragable proofs of this truth. POLITICAL SERMON OF A RUSSIAN PRELATE. Gen. § babelski, who commands tie second ca- vairy reserve corps, returned to Odessa on the 18tn, and attended the divine service and cerem nial oa St. Nichoiss’s day, in honor of the Emperor. The service was held in the Preobraschenski cathedral, at ten in the morning. The archbishop delivered a discourse, whi ‘n he concladed with a prayer for the long life of the monarch, As he ceased praying, the ana we're heard booming from the coast patteries. e prelate observed that all true subjects saw in their mester the elect of God, in whose hands ara placed the destinies not merely of Russia, but of the whole world. He aleo reminded his hearers that Ruesia once stood as @ barrier to auield the West from the inusdation of the East, and would now pare the same firm barrier against the flood coming ‘om an opporite di-ection. The Rassian almanacs, he said, would have now to insert the names of So- bastopol and the Crimea by the side of Borodiao ard Moscow. FREE AND EASY CHARACTER OF THE ENGLISH ‘80L- DIERY. The Moniteur de l’ Armée publishes the following extract of 8 jetter, dated betore Sebastopol, 19tn ut:—‘Lord Raglan came this morning to our head- quarers. He is a goed rider, and does not appear to feel the want of the arm which ne left a: Water: loo, He hooks well, has a good color, with a bsard a litte gray. He came without any ceremony, wearing @ cap coyered wits oilskin. The English men we koow. The fol are the most free and ne lowing, whieh occars noder our eyes, will appear, haps, fearcely credible. [nthe trenches tuey ight a fire, make their tea, and than sitting down on the back of the trench, quietly smoke. Tne sea- tizel row and then goes and iooks over the para- 2ES Fs pet, and, if he sees nothing, he comes down again amongst his comrades. A shell fally, but no one tokes any notice of it. Ifone ot the party should be nit, two of hie comrades raise uo and carry him awey vith the greatest coolness; the others do not stir. With us we sre carefal not to make any fire. We suffer more inthe trenches from this circum. stance, but we have lesa casualties, as the smoke of a fire forms a gvod mark for the enemies batteries.” A SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH FOR TH® CRIMEA. A correspondent informa ua that Mr. Liddell, tha engineer of the new Leicester and Hitchin Riilway, as been engaged by the government to lay down a marine cable tor telegraphic puroosss fron Var- da to either Cape Chersonese or Balaklava. Tha cable is ready, and Mr. Liddell ts aleo on the print of sailing to complete his commission of thas bridging the Enuxine for the flight of intelligence between the allied armies in tne Crimea and their 1eepective governmenta. It is expected ubat by the time thie work is sccomplisbed the telegraphic tine across Earope will also be ready; and the eaterpris- ing engineerf{who has already laid cables in the Mediterranean and other seas, confidently antici- pone that within two months the new telegraphic e may be in fall operation. We s»all be glad to be enabled to communicate farther particulars con- ore an important undertaking, the meqnitade of whi-h seems to suggeet the intention of some- thing more than a temvorary occnostion of the Crimea by the forces of France and Englaad—Lon- don Daily News. I three en ‘in oat ges di sin: raw our a or two since, who bad ia retarned rex | : Sear dae’ sojoarn amon; Rassiens, but was not allowed to ques- tion them, that process being reserved for Lord Ragian slone. Ove—the principal one —was, I think, an Armenian, and the otser two ware Russian sol- diers dressed in uniform. if, however, we have spies as common in the Russian camp as the enemy has here, we ougut not to want for information. Dozers of suspicions looking individuals are to bs met with, and 8 gentlemen who asked permission to examire one of our redoubte told the French 5 neer he was an Eaglishman, and an Engl artillery officer be was » Yankee. I am convinced that Prince Menscbiko@f bas as much information as he wants regarding us. oe Goma itoeeaner UNDER ve ewe e Vrouw Houwina, @ gallint, with a of ealtpetre, which cleared from om with o dellare- tion that the saltpetre was intended for consumption in pai ee pee ie Teens By 8 French mer. It was on its way to Hamburg, and evidently was intended for importation into Russia, The French vessels in the Tagus have now instituted a rigid search of ail veesela eee river, as it is discovered that the Rues'ans have organized, through falee documents, a lar tem of trade in the munitions of war. ares sr ‘A NEW RUSSIAN RIFLE CORPS, A private letter from St. Petersburg states that the crown rerts bave offered the Emperor Nicholas | @ contingent of 60,000 men, who are to be employed | oe at tere. Among them are to be all the ermine hunters, who are estimated at 20,000. These | sre eaid to be skillfal marksmen, who pass their | whole lives on the banks of the Ural or the Oby, in the cheee of the fox, the beaver and the ermiae. It | is known that thie animal can only be simed at from a considerable distance, and must be bit in the | nose to avoid injaring the akin. The wholeofthess | bunters, so the letter ssays, are to be immediately organized and sept to the Crimes. They are to be aimed with the Minié rifle. | RUSSIAN POLITICAL BALLAD. | At Bt, Petersbarg Lord Joha Rasseli’s declaration | in Parliament that the allies were content to leave | Rosia a great and powerful State, has been adoot- | ed as the refrain of s popular political emg, the in- scription of which ed, ba sour hes the grapes.” INGENUITY OF THE FRENCH, | The French soidier ie naturally very ingenions, | And it is he who invented the tenteabri. In Africa | he shelters himse!f from the heat ot tue aan by strus- | tures in foliage. Here, in a new country, he has a | = javention; it is cold, raios and blows v | | company men are ci fod nye the to seek for wood fea shore, where harricane of the 1 Courier de Lyons, THE SCENES AT THE SIROE OF CALAIS REVERSED— GRAND ANGLO FRENCH DEMONSTRATION aT Thursday last, the 11th instant, says the Be fe = FE se E &c., was followed by band of the& itis; after whi"h came the French choral society. Each band-played alteroately, and the procession was surrounded by a vasb comcourss of people, which increased as it proceeded. Arrived at the Guildball, where the mayor, plete aad the gentlemen of the Patriotic Fand Committee, aa well as the magistrtex, Cspt. Herrick, 8. N., the officers of the garrison, and some of the principal inhabitants, were waiting to receive them, they mere ae by foraph bd in ink aitetn de: “vi of sywpatby and kn ng whic prompted their vin to Dover. Tae director of th» Cuiais band replied in acomplimentary epee.h, c. of the alliance oi toe two armies. The goat feature of the occasion, the concert, was looked fi to with math pleasure. By the erection of a large gal- lery it was computed that tre town hall woul made to sfford accommodation for from 1,000to 1,500 persons, and from the sale of t.e ticketa it waa / concluded that quite that namber would be present, Early ia the day it was stated that tickets were real- iziog an enormous premium; and long betore the bour for which the concart was fixsd not a ticket waa to be obtaines for avy consideration. The exe- cution of vocaliste aa instramentalists was muc) admired, avd their performance was frequently in- terrupted by the plaudits of tae audien e& At the cenclosion the Mayor called on the aufience tor three cheers for the Emperor and Empress of the French, and the bali raug with loud acclamations. Thus oncladed cne of the most interesting eventa which has been witnessed im the town of Do- ver by the present generation. SIR HOWARD DOUGLAS ON THY FAILURE OF THE CU MBAN EXPEDITION. One of the most distioguished of our military au- thorities—Sir Howa'd Douglas—has serzed the pre- sent cppar vanity of isying before his countryman @ detailed professional exp ssidon of our operations ia | the Crimes, and of explainiag for general comore- hension the circumstances which, in his view of the | case,bave led to the failure of this great enterprise. | His views may be compressed intoa very few words. We embarkea, he says, for the siege of Sebastopol with an army too wesk in numbers, too iufirm in pbysical corditioy, and at a season of the year too advanced for such ao exterprise, Toere defects all acted and reacfec upon each other, till in the end ‘we must have succumbed to the coarequences,ex — for the unpara'lelev heroism and endurance ef the allied troops. The frat effect of our numerical weak ness,according to Sir Howard,was the necessity of abandoning the best line ef operations against. the place to be attacked. Had the allies been “| strong enough to follow up their victory on the | Alma by the ov-upation of judicioas povitioas- between that river and Svoastopol, by a sacceseful assault on the intienched camp of the enemy which defended the mouth of the Beloek, and by aa effec- tual investmeatof 3 bastupol on tie Horthern site, “the s’ate of affatrs in the Crimea,” he thinks, “ might by this time have been very different.” Sir Howird is clearlycf vpinion that the place shoald bave been atticked from the north, and that the abandvoment of this plau, by opening to the ene my an uninterruoted communication with Perekop, acd disclosing our «wu interwrity of forse, was the cause of most of the difficulties subsequently .ex- perienced. Here, however, is the difference between ‘a real soldier ard an amavear—-bet ween Sir Howard Douglas ana M.L vis Koesutn. Toe latter gentic- meD, ertiving at sixilar conclusions oy no diffi cult pre cess of thong.t, but unqualified to carry his specuiatiocs any ne ser, condemued the tavtica of the campaigu a» bad. The former, though re- garding the march on Balaklava a8 on error in a sirat-gical potnt of view, ¢.udialy describes it asa “ necestity impored uyon the allied commanders,” and decides that i was “ apparently the best mea- sure that could be adopted under suco ciroum- stances.”’ Bat then came the sequel, with all ite trials and misfortanes. The Rassians, .eft with their communications perfectly opea, and with no ob ~~ to theic mepenene bat such as the season and the country created, poured afer gions across the Isthmos to the relief of the place ; the place itself yielded incredible supplies of artillery snd munitions ; the garrison, augmented by rein- forcements from Odes+a as well as by the crews of the fleets, eo far outn :mbered its assailants that the allies became the bes.eged rather than the besie- gers ; ond when, after a few weeks, the rainy season surprised our army in these straits, extraordinary , sufferings ensued. It is in allusion to tnese rains, we piceume, that Sir Howerd includes the period chosen for the entervrise amovg the errors attend- ing it ; and he coneidere. no doubt, that the seeds of diseate which our troovs brought f'om Varna in- creased the sad mortality whicn Cea and pri- vation have occasionea.— London Times. A RUSSIAN PIG IN A POKE, Tne German Unwersal Gazette has lowing amusing anecdote, stated to have oc- curred beture Seba-topol. The French having remarked an unusva! activity among the garrison of the Quarantine Fort, were anxious to know the cause of it, snd for that purpose deter- mined to get hold of some Rusia. sentinel at the outposts. But that wae no easy matter, the sentinels beivg urually on tbe alert, and taking good care keep out oi danger. At laas,a Zouave fornish the a tice in question. Toat watchful Murcovite heard a rustlin buekes. He cried, ' Who goes there ?’ onewer he received was agract. Tainks he eels, “* Thisie some fat pig that has ¢eserted enemy. Bless me, if I could only get hold of it, Pry ry it into the fort, vo that our ley of it!” Witn tois view be retaroa the grunt, the conversation becomes interesting and at last the worshy Russian sees the object of his desires ap; 0. He lays down his musket to seize it, bat on! borror, the treacherous beast tarns the tables upon him, throws him down, and cage him in no time, then witn a low whistle he calls fire Zouaves to his aid, who carry off his victim to che French comp in triumph. A TURKISH COURT MARTIAL. We find the tcliowiog ins letter from Constanti- nople of the 25th ult.,in the Courrier de Adarseille : The Museuiman witnessed, on the 23d, a ecene quite unique in their habit, and uk i S28 EsESE E i Proceedings sad conduct of the Torkish troops in the affatr of the 26th of October must be well remembered. Tne deplorable flight of the Turkish troops could only attributed to the conduct of the two chiefs, were the first to fly before the enemy. thet day that the Russians were enabled, sistance, to take ponsession of two had been placed in char; ot the Sultan, @ spe formed to examine the charg:s broaght the two generals. All the complaints fuby supported, Suliman Pachs and Halet Bay were condemaed to degradation and wo veven years’ bard labor! sentence was carried mto effect on the Place of pe in presence cf ~re 7 cae inople and an immenre crowd. After & reprima' rom the Minister of War, who fay Sgainet their cowardice, they had the heir rank torn from tnem, as well as a!) their deco- rations. The soldiers » doty did it with a kind pe Fen istely after ere were contacted te the vey them to Cyprus, galleys. This example cn the Mussuiman pe-ple, will bave a salutary effect the chiefs with s more 3 a & iN Nis i fr : { a i i =f 2 vl 25 = - nu i brs i g We