The New York Herald Newspaper, January 25, 1855, Page 2

186 THE wark. Bomonit FACTS AND SPECULATIONS, de = fe = dies Our Shanghae Correspondence, Suaneuas, China, Oct. 10, 1854. Departure of the American and English Ministers for Pekin—Want of a Smaller Class of Ameri- ean Steamers for the Chinese Station— Accident to the Powhatan—Skirmishes between the Rebels and Impcriali sts, etc., etc. I scribble you a few lines, simply to inform you ‘that we are up and doing in this part of the world; also, that our Minister, Hon, R. M. McLane, is going to see what this country is made of. He left this afternoon in the noble steam frigate Powhatan, for the waters of Pekin, the capital of the Celestial Em- pire, accompanied by the English Minister, Sir John Bowring, in H. B. M. steamer Rattler—the Powhs- tan taking in tow the steamer John Haneock and sehooner Fennimore Cooper, for the purpose of pro- eceding as far as possible by water. The Powhatan isentirely too large for the China station and drawa toomuch water. Hence the necessity for taking smaller vessels along for shallow water navigation. It isa pity that our government do not send out a euitable steamer for this station. The Susquehanua, Mississippi and Powhatan are all too large for these waters. This place and Arey are the only tvo ports on the coast accessible to either of them. They can- mt get within twelve miles of Canton, Ning Poor Foo-chow-foo, and se for suppressing piracies in the rivers aud on the coast, why they are perfectly use- Jess, owing to their great crank of water. The Powhatan, a few days since, in attempticg te ebift ber anchorage, got into woat is called chow chow water, by which ste became almost unmanage- able, snd ran afoul of the English clipper ship Cairn- | oe el prin ei port yardarms and the jail yard of former. The Susquebanns, when she was up bere, met with asimilar mishap, e@wing to her unmanageable size, in s narrow river, fall of shipping, with a strong current ranning. Everything is quiet here at present. Occasionally ‘the rebel and imperialist forces have a small skir- mich, but it does not amount to anytuing, except to injure trade and impoverish the country. Whe Tripartite Treaty—Financial Resources of France and England—The Forel; En- mene Bill—Specen of the King of Greece, ny SECe DRAFTS OF THE WAR ON THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND. Speaking of the new French loan, the London @Ohronicle says: It may be added that the financial bilities of the two countries differ as widely as ir fiscal arrangements—the revenues of Wrance, although poeieals unlimited, being lees immeai- stely available than our own. A large portion of the required fonds will be subscribed by small capi- talists, who would be almost unabie, as tax-payers, to besr any additional burdens. Ina more commer- ial country, unemployed savings are less trequent, while the sources of revenue sve far more varioas and awyle. In England, any defiiency of revenue fox tke purposes of tee war may perhaps be supplied without the necessity of sing the national invome ‘to the evel of 1815; and even if a loan should eveuta- ally be found necessary, a pradent minister would certainly provide a real, instead of an illasory tevurity to the creditor, by the imposition of fresh tax. Tt ig & matter of calsulation whether the entire de- mand cannot be defrayed out of the resources of the year. For those who prefer phrases to facte and figures, the common piace denucsi os of governments which traus‘er their burdens to pos derity may be set off against the commoo-plaze ay gertion that the war is undertaken for ths sake o' a fu’ure generation. Ministers aud msmbers of Par- Mament will have occasion to examine the question more deeply. It is nunecessary, ho vever, to auticl pote w decision which must by influenced by the events of the rext three months. In the meautime, the enemy may be assured of that which it most concerts him to know. Woether by loans or by taxes— whether by employing their crodit or their wealth—the Westeru allies will persevere in tne war wnti’ they nave socceeded in conquering an bomorabdie and permanent peace. @BRMAN OPINION OF THE FORGIGN ENLISTMENT BILL. ‘The promuigaticn, tnrovgh the Germaa journals, of the Foreign Legion bill, will, it is to ba feared, tena to discourage many who nad looked for ard to more liberal stipulations, Tee total omission of apy provision for invalided non-commiasionsd officers or soldiers, even in cave of wounds, aad the fear 0° being tarned adrift without alterior pro- wision, p11 vg forfeited their rights of native domicile or ership, canno; fail to deter thou- wanoe from eblixsiog. Toen, agaio, the Sth clause, which bars half-pay to officers, and places them ws the mercy of undefined recompesse in case of * wourds «r infirmities contracted while dis ebarging military duty duriog tae period of con- tiauing to eerve,” is not sofficiently explicit. Ae we'l observed by the National of Beriio, this article requires a clear, ard, whatis more, a liberal explazation and defiuition, ere men will enlist for service in a climate where ticknees is more ‘> 02 @readed than the sword, avd where their constita- tions, however rodust, may be utterly rained in a few days. No mention is made of any gratoity to men after being disbanded, so that they run the risk of being turned adrift, enfeebied in body, per- haps, and after having eacnficed all rights of ua tionality. Oar object ough: to be to ootain res- peotable mev, and to convert tne legion into a moral and political lick. But we offer insafficient inducements to respe stable cho-actera of any olass; aad itis much to be feared that under such circum: stances the legion will, as far as regards office #, be s receptacle for tnose of seconda:y quality, acd for loose characters, as relates to the racks. [t wonid be useless to conceal the fact that a bad impression has been created, and that this impretsioa wil be fostered by those whose interest it 19 to thwart the measure in Germany. A fatal error, of wnich exp rience has proved the detriment, would be the ed mixture of races in the same corps. If it is desired ‘that good fellowsbip and os de corps should exiet, ‘the races must be held distiaos:—vhat is, there mast be no indiscriminate admix*ure of Germans, Swiss, ee other nationalities. Ualess thie polat be ateaded to, the consequences will prove most deleterious to @isci; line, trustwortbicess, aud tne regalar march ef duty. Ove of the causes which led to the deterio- ration of Napoleon’s Poli#h Lancers, even those who fought in Spaio ia 1810 and 1811, was the necessity of admitting Southern Germans ani otrers. It is matter of history that the spirit of the corps taen eommenced to fall off, and that both nationslices distrusted and were jealous of each osher.—German Correspondence af the London Times. HR TRIPARTITE TREATY—WAAT EFFECT WILL if HAVE ON THE TEMPER OF THE 0Z4R? Ttere ia in the present state of things an elemeat which diplomatists and party men seem never to take into a count, and which, howaver, Js not with- eat importance—we mean the pride snd obssiaacy ef the Emperor of Rassias. We cannot believe that fhe moparvh, who is ine most powerfal in Europe, ‘By the exvent of bis territories and the namber of bis subjects, can seceps all the public humiliation which flows from this treaty of the 2d Desember. What ! can the Ozar of All the Rassias—after nav ing been forced to raiss the wiegs of Jillatria, and to | reeroes the Pruth —after sustainng grave checks oa fhe Alma and at Ink+rmann, after having bad the most magpificent of his ports almost block :d uo with bis own vessels, and the fortid ations of Ss2astop >! destroyed—baving, t20, one ot hie most powerfal samies, at the head of which his sone s.owe them selves, ip the saddest position—what, I say, can it be supposed tha: the Czar can sbandoa the fruits of & Ceutury’s policy, can conseat to Py die prestige, which is his greatest forve in mak East, can avow himself vaaqaished, withost the most supreme efforie? No! that is im- 1 Noone who thiaks tt can know the co ne of existence of poverful poteatates, or ‘be well acquainted with the bunaa heat, The poror Nicholas csano: ¢itasr accept the coadi of offered bim by Austria; he caanot do i gaining a grat victory, or being com zietwly We mast expect, thea, a terriole conflict, ‘and Jet us bave the oonrage to prepare for it. Bat there is no time to lose. We mast sammon sab ary nations to hberty and independence; if tre ‘eat remains undecided, it will be outstripped by Russia. Such is the posisioa in which we now are. Bvents have ipitated the crisis. Toere can no Jonger be a of a circamscrived war, ef wiat is called 9 political war; Dat it must be a war of oriam in Europe, of ® war for remedyiag all which bas ge ey yore com mitted for nearly a contary. Onlya few days now separate an from the peor ailoved to Austria. It ja at that moment that light will be made—it will enlighten all toe .— Paris Siecle. ~ PROSPECTS OF A RUSSIAN INVASION OF INDIA. We bave not the gone) papas of by teed revive the forgot anic whivn we call *' Russo- be rr Wo low + Kokao is 700 milss from ber, that the path is through an accalti- thas Baber in the same iooality twice my in the mov, and shat if 20,000 Ruy did force the passes, they would bo ee ead in tie valley of Pesha var. Th every i officer of sense in India we regard with dresd even ae Sppmarance at interference inthe pou'tics of | Dentrst Asin. It bas bronght to the emvire covhiag disaster, and to our prestige nothing bat di+ ggrece. But we cannot conces! from onrseives ina: NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, JANUARY 26, 1850. 5 a overcomes their dread of Britiah annexation. It is allowed that Russian officers are not in to botanize, or even to add a few more thousand miles of steppe to an empire whose boundaries have never yet been tracey. Their object may not be India, and, even if it is, it may be unattainable. Battoey have an object, and we sgainst the belief that courage means stupidicy, and that we are no; to watca events, however important, or re‘eive ai tertions however well autnenticated.— Friend China. NEUTRAL POLICY OF THE NEW DANISH MINISTRY. The new ministry are said to cave resoived on maintaining the system of polity observed by the former cabinet as regards she Eastern question. It is believed in Copenhagen that the Kisg imposed this on the present ministry, on their coming into office, saa sine qué non; and it wasonly on that understanding that M. de Scheel Ples:en consented to leave his poet of envoy at Stockholm to accept tke portfolio of the ministry for foretgn affairs at Copenhagen. Very little credit must be given to romurs of pretended negotiations ween the Danish government and tue two Western Powets, or that the latter are urging on us to join the cosiition. Nothing ie known in the offi- cial circles here of apy such pressing invita- tions. Inder d, the commercial and indas' classes with ue find the system of neutrality adoptad by Sweden and Denmark so much to their interest that the small body of ardent p liticiacs, existing m either kingdom, are comparatively unheeded ia thei clamors for a more decided couree of action. It is contidently stated, therefore, in the best quar- tera, trat the envoys at the different Europea. courts have been instructed, wita the new year, to spprise the various foreign governments to which they are averedited, that the new winistry will aa- reservedly upboid the same system of atrict neutral: ity, showd a second campaign be opened in the Baltic, which was impartially obgerved daring the past year.—Correspondence of the London Chronicle. ROYAL PROMISES AND GREEK FAITH — SPEECH OF KING OTHO. In his speech on the opening of tae Chambers, Kivg Otho made the following allusions to tne re- cent insurrectionary movements in his kingdom,and to the position of Greece in reference to the Raasisn war:— Well known circumstances,‘accompanied by deplo- rable acts, bave, for some time past, led to the inter ruption of relations with a neighboriug S:ate, and occasioned material losses to tne commercial inter- ests of both countries. My government has nuceas- ing)y devoted its attention to reestablishing thess relatiors, and we hope that, thanks to the sincere and kind cooperation of tue great Powera, the allies of the neighboring State, and whose noble aud gererons sentiments in favor of Greece have been strongly manifested, cur desires will be bap- pily realized. In presence of the formidsble strug- gle which bag broken ont in the East, considerations of a suverior oraer, der:ved from tae maoitest inter- ests of the nation, ag vel) as from a feelirg of gra- titude towards the Powers allud+d to, have dictated to us the decisrativon of a strict neutrality. In firmly adhering to this sys‘em, we will neivher permit nor tolerate aaythiog cuntrary to the bonor and true interests of the country. We keep up friendly re- Jations with ail the Powers, without forgetting that the paramouvt interest of Greece is to draw from the springa of European civilization all the benefits whien revalt from them for socisty. Notaing, in fect, can be better suited to our situation, or more powerfully cont.ibute to the national giory, than a g00d interna! organization, by the aid of the moral and religious education of you'h, of legislative and governmental arrangements haviog for object tho developement of agriculture, of indastry and of com mer ¢, #8 wel ag of the observance of the strictest good faith in all traneactions eituer pubiic or pri- vate. REAL CONDITION OF THE RUSSIAN AKMY. The Raesian army bas this advantage over thosa of the allies. that it acts in its own country, its sol- diers are accustomed to the c!imate, aud its generals and commissa iat are sequatnted with toe ground and the resourses to ba derived (rom it; but, oa the other band, toe Black Sea ts closed to the Rassian army by oor rete, and we Sea of Azov snd the land road only ave open to it to procure ail the supplies which it cannot find on the soil itssif, The s’e spss, which sre uninhabitao'e in the winter, and ouly prac- ticable by ihe road which leads from Perekop to Simferopol, form t#o-thirds of the Crimea; the other | third is @ mouztaigous region. Prince Menschikoff has established bimeelf from Simferopol, Kara-sou- bazar and B-ktobi-Serai to toe west coast, a radius of about twenty-five leagues. Toe ordinary rasion of the Ruasien soldier is composed of b ead, groats, and brandy to whisb, io war, is sdced meat. This latter is tre only thing the Crimea can supply. The oxen and sleep arwpty eupply the wante of the Russian army but she corn, brandy, and other supplies are dra va from N:kolaiet, Knerson, and Caganrog, where large de- pots have been for some time formed eivuer by the navigation of the Daie. er, which traverses very rica provinces, or from Odessa. Nikolsief aud Khersoa now terve a3 the basis of the supplies of the Rassian army, and i they were destroyed, Prinse Mens:hi- koff woud find himself in a very embarasse1 posi- tion. The transport of supplies ia attended with fo. difficulty in a country where no regular estab ishments lor that purvose exist. The roads are vary bad, although not quiteimpracticabie. The Rassian | government has collected togetber by reqaisttion a grest number of vebicles, and by this meaas secured the rervice, notwithstanding the season, the rain, the cold, acd those dreadfal ss0w storms woich some- times sweep away whole flocks and eatire convoys. Macy carriages are loet and many msn perien on the road, but the convoys succeed each other w#ith- out interruption and traverse the Isthmus of Pere- | kop, by which road provisions, reiaforcemonts, ani awmutition mast come. The sea of Azoff bsiog free, pumerous cargoes are also despatched from Togaprog, Berdianck and Mariavpol, and which, after being landed at Kertch, are sent on by the road whic. jeada from that port to Simferopol. If our accoun‘s ere, therefore, as we briieve them to be, correct, the Rassians are not in want of provi- sions, or, at least, it is clear that the Russian gov ernment has taken every means for secaring a tupply for shem. The real caute of the aafferiags of their army, and of the numerous deaths, is the waat of shelter and of clothing snitable for the wiater, and the destts are numerous from the want of pro- per care sod remedies in illdess, notwithstandug the eno wous sume expended by the goverament for that purpose.— Paris Constitutionnel, GRATUITIES FOR THE RUSSIAN NAVY. The active part which the satlors of the Black Sea take in the defence of Sebatopol teads inevita- bly to losses whic Russia feels deeply, and taerefora every day her sympathies for tiese b ave satiors, and particularly for the wounded, are displayed by numerous gifts, which are sent from all directions and through every chanael, to the Ministry of ta tine. in order to secure regularity in the reception of these offerings, special arrangements have been made for the daily reception of thore gifts at the Commiesarat Department of the Ministry of Marine, and information respecting them will be immediate ly given to the Grand Duke Coustaatine, who will meke @ report upon the subject to His Majesty the Emperor. As to gifte of proper:y or mosey, they will be tranamitied withou: delay to their destina- | tion. Independently of this mvasure adopted at S:. | Petersburg, orders’ have been given to the Admi- relty Comw ssioner at Moscow to receive gifts of & similar nature, toat is to say, for the wound. ed of the fleet of the Black Ses, and to send | them weekly to the Crimea by tie post. | Zo judge by the nature of the articles gaiy | received, it iv evident taat the donors have en‘ere 4 iuto the moat minute details respecting the wan of the wounded, sud that they have consequenily | @isplayea wonderful discerament in the manner iuwhicn they have mace tosir offerings. Qn its part the administration of tke fleet employs all the Meaus in ite power to succor the wounded and to sssist the families of those who bave been killed. With this object, independently of the local mea- sures adopted a long time ago, a enperior func ‘ion: ary, the college coousillor, M. Kryloff, bas been sent to the Crimea. Besides this, where have bean sent to Prince Mensouikoff out of the sums sab- scribed by orivate benefactors, 8,000 silver roub'es, to be distributed among the wounded. A Portion of these sums, arising from private benefastions, bas been applied to defray the exvenas of sanding to the Cri six'y Sisters of Charity, who will de- vote themselves to the cure of the sick. VISIT OF THE RULTAN TO THE DUKE OF CAMERIDGR. | On Friday last his Imperial Majesty the Sultan, accompanied by his ordinary suite, procesded to the Paiace ot the Pmbsssy, to visit his royal High- | ness. Tre Sultan was received at the entrance of the Palace by Lord Stratford de Redcliffe and the | whole personnel of the British legation in fall cni- form, and by the Dake of Cambridge, who waited at the head of the grand elaircase. “latroduced into the chisfaa'oon, the Solian entered most affan'y wwersation with . Lond and M. , first of }, were the aod Shia noble peop ~ je 2 graclously nested him to be seated. the interview, waich lasted twenty misutes, and in which the Sultan expresed to the Dake hie senti- ments of friendship and sympathy fer Queen Vi :to- Hpsns the Ena people, and his satisfaction at Masgsty’s SHIP BRITANNIA In_ Tee BosrHorous, Dec. 22, 1854. My term of service as Commander in Chief in the a ce te Black Sees haing. drawn toa se, | am al to return to and give u; the command of this fleet. “ee ee Daring the past year many trying circumstances bave occurred—restilence in ite most aggravated form, action with the enemy juat defences such as sbips hardly ever encoun |, and a tempest of ne riey Very the ood condu: in all those events the g ict and gallan- try of the flees have been evinced and ee taking an affectionate leave of the officers, sea- men, and morines of the fleet, I can hereafter expe rience no higher gratification than the assurance that they preserve their high character for disci- pline, enterprise, and devotion to our sovereign and country. J. W. D. Duxpas Vice-Admiral, Commander in-Chief, Relations of the United States with the Allied Powers—Our Annexation Policy, [From the Paris Constitutionnel, Dec. 24.) Nowhere has epeculation assumed such tions as in America; nowhere does credit play 80 great a part; and it is that circumstance which places all fortunes in that country at the mercy of the slighteet shock. The circulation of paper tuere is enormous, As manufacturers are altogether free from the control of the government, as banke are pumerous, ond rail: and other shares are 80 greatly multipled, that the sum total of toe shares often greatly exceeds the reai vatue of the eoter- prises which they repres:nt, the financial prosperity ot the country is one of those fragile edifices whica a breath can overthrow. It is not the twanty or thirty millions of dollars which sre ag a surplus at the treasury that would suffice to guard Fale the danger of such as:tuation, although the plana, more or lees adventurous of the war- party, are principally based on thet surplus, Who oes not know that in America every one estimates his fortune end regulates his expense, not according to his capital, but according to the combined axount of his money and of the credit which that Money may enable him +o obtain? By that calsa- lation, the taste for laxu-y which has developed it self in so prodigious a manner im America, has found means of satisfying iteelf. Wichio tie last few ‘a the United States have augmsated their purchases on credit in a manuer altogether out of proportion to the amount of money o! ‘ich they can dispose. It is a most delicate situstion, fron whic b they can only reheve themselves on the con- dition of iding every great crisis. In addition, the interests of American commerce and manufac. tures are 80 much mixed up with the commerce and mansfactares of Fracoe and Eogiaad, that craisers ofthe United States could not interrupt the passage ofa siogle vessel of eitber of these two naious, with- out giving a greater b ow perhaps to the fortuna of an American citizen than to that of the English or French mercantile man whose goods might bave been seized. It ia not necessary to ivsist on this fact; but let spy one just ask himself whica of the two people would euffer most, in its navigation, for in- sisnce, if the commercial movement b3tween France and the United States was interrupted a sin- gle day. Tne most o:dinary common sense points ich euch @ rupture would be most preju- 5 and that consideration, joized to tae moral obiigatious of «hich we have spoken above, guaran- tees ns completely against the dangers and misfor- tunes to which some miscoief-makers, fortunately not very numerous, and without much influence, would «xmne the word, by an adventurous and fegressive policy. But is the obje t of sacn agita- tion so desirapie? Would the aonexation of Ouba he so very useful to the federal republic? Would the poaeession of the Sandwich Islands confer auch great advantages? We reaily cannot seeir, It is said in the United States, the island of Cuba com: mands toe Gulf of Mexico and the mouths of the Miesiesippi. But that situation cavnot ever have ‘ bad any danger for the United States. At present, ie in particular, Spain cannot give even the shadow of & pretext for apy spprebensions resuitiog ‘rom the pomiticn of Cuba. At al events, is it sufficient for a@ foreign poeseasion to be piaced in an arnoyin, pene for ano'her power to warrant its couquest’ ere that the case, there wouia mtver be any ceration of war in Earope, for each power would seize in its turn, without respect for right or justice, the first occasion to enlarge ita terri tory. Cuba, attached to the Ucion, ce tainly would not add nde essential element to the political, impor- tance which tue United States possess abroad. At bome its spnexation would thro ¥ into the Dalance of the various powers & weigot which would canseit to iocline contidersbly in favor of the s!ave States, and which would add to the elements of discord whicn have already menaced the separation of the norta ye the sonth. Te south would acqnire an inoon. ‘able preponderance which ‘be sole force of thi wouht render tyranvical, acd which would exzite in the bighest copree (0 Jt vusy and satipathy of the States in which slavery bas been abolished. As to te Sandwicn Islavds, it ray be that America will obtain their voluotary cessioa. The King of Hon> juju may renounce the independence of his throne in exchange for some apnaal pension. His ambiguous reply to the question sddressed to him by the Bug- lish consul leads to the supposition tow; there f something well founded in the rumors which have been in cirsnlation on t-e sabject. Bat, if we see whot Kamehameha would gaia by this reaouncement of bis rights, which an ancestor, really illustrious and enperior to all the o:her ianabitante of Oceania, transmitted to him, we do not parceive the sdvantoges which the United States can look for from that cession. This archipelago is a station ust ful to theie whalers avdsteame-s; but they enjoy tat advantage at present, without cost or embar- raesment. By their relative proxtmity, by the ex- tent of their commerce, by th2 numer of their fei low citizens establisbed in these islands, by the gov- trnment of the country placed in the hande of tneir compatriots, the Americans are the real masters of the Sandwich group. Why, then, should tne United btates change that locrative suzarainty tor a saze- rainty in difficulty, which would require the organi- tion and expense of local admioisiration. For all these reasone, we have fuil coifidence in the Amori- osn pesple. The Puritans, who first peooled the United States, have bequeathed to their childran traditions of high morality and a very rigid senti- ment ot duty, which will continue 0 prevatl, in spite of the popular clamora and the haranguse of the tavern politicians a the present crisis, {f ths Sandwich islands and Cuba should in the ead form & part of the Union, their snnexation will ba ef- tected by honorable mesns, aud not otherwise. AS wo Ir bby they would be so completely Monstrous that the true American people caun capable of them. - ain The Expressing System in the United States and England, pm [From the oe Times, Dee. 28.) just now war overrides even mammon. The v lands of gold have jost thetr attractions compared with the scene of European strife, aud starce & thought ete! Hg given to news from Baliarat or Sacramento when despatches from Balaklava and Sebastopol sre athand. — Nor is tnis surprising, for even in thoge lands themacives—io taogs remote and anomalous regions where every passion of man seemed absorbed in the one parsuit of gold, the terribie interests of war have aeserted their avcend- avcy, and thrown local prospects into the shade. “ All the Aus ralian colonies,” says our correspond- ent, “may be described s@ lookiog witn far more interest to the events of Europe than to their domes tic affairs. Every arrival is anxiously expected, and not wholly for its effect oo the market. The Ea- phe conflict ia watched {th inteose aoxlety, acd | ~ Hic feeling in the colonies is thoroaghly wit gland in the struggle.” Yet in the intellimence which we published from the gold countries on Tuesday there was one little parsgraph waich re- flected with no small sigvificance on affairs in the ee hoo which will suggest, we think, some conclusions not altogether ble to British pride. Oar California conrenpe arent, wiitivg from Ban Francisco, observed that they “ now bad a weekly mail toand from the Atlantic States,”’ and he fartber added, tha: on the Jae} occa- tion the transit of this mail from New Yerk to Saa Frencisco had been aczomplivhed in 23 days oni 13 hours. Even this, however, was not enongh to satisfy American notions of velocity and enterpriss, for a certain “ express house” in San Francieco be been making arrangements to carry the maila ex- press, by relays of horses, across the whole Mexi ‘an territory from Acapuico to Vera Cruz, by which service San Francitco would be brought within 16 days’ post of New Orleans. Now, the reader will no doubt recollect that on Monday mo. ning last we thought ourselves tolerabl+ fortunate in being able to lay before the pubdlic deteiled intelligence from Sebastopol up to the 7th inst:, and point of fast we ssy that if mails arrive Loudon from Rais¥lava ‘ leas than three wecke’ vime (+ ia a on lew York and San Francisco are separated from each other by the whole breaith of the North A me- volves o ling voyage from Now York to Aspinall, a voyage ‘or! , a and uncertain across the as wi djetce the ono odeane and s long voyage from Panama to San ‘isco. sea by means of tr runners, of 24 hours could bring light Josds from the coast t> the capital. Now, as Mexico stands adout midway between the two oceans, this would mike 48 hours for the journey acroes the continent at a pericd when everything wae of the pets, when roads were |, runners abundaat, and the ly organized. Toe American proj+ctors reckon ny 66 hours being necessary for the age, but couatry, instead of being a popu! and well-ordered State, is now a prey to every kind of disorder. Civil war is raging throngh- out tne Jand, and the itself, as we learn the Jast accounts, is working havoc in the {aterior. Such, in fact, is the condition of the country that the project, though regarded as perfectly feasible in iteelf, ia seid to be postpor ed fr a season. Now jook at the journey from London to Balakia- va. The whole sea voyage, though it may be some 8,000 miles or more, is perfectly easy, and we have stations st Gibraltar and Malta to facilitate all our operations. But for service there is the cut serosa the continent of Europe by Calais aad Mar- seilles, which reduces the distance to 2,675 miles, and there is ap sdditional saving of time to be ¢ffected by Varza and Bucharest. No doubt the Torkish provinces are in a disturbed a’ate, but the; are at any rate the provinces of our own ally, an a8 such their resources should he under our own command. Look, too, at the interests at stake rea pectively in Uslifornia and the Crimea. At the for- mer place the whole matter is a mere speculation of busmess or convenience—an attempt to brin, the market news of New York more within react of the merchants of Sap Francieco, At the latter apo’ two mighty governments are engaged in deadly grapple with a third, and the hop-s, fears and in- terests of nitions ceperd upon the event. Bat what have we done to compre with the American prject? Nothing, or next to no’ + There is no reason whatever, as we have often shown, why we tkould not twice a week get intelligenoo only ten or tweive daya old, but tue thing is not done, and, with aj) our steam, our enterprise and our eaergies, the Emperor of Russia beats us hollow. Of course, we see that the scheme for an express across Mexico is but a scheme, nor do we forges that a certain amount of “ brag” must bs allowed for in euch propositions. We observe, too, siat the Pre- sicert of tie United States remarked rather uafa- vorsbly in his message upon the general azpect of yailroad enterprises in America; but. for ail this, we bave jitthe deubt that the project referred to would be successfully carried out, though nuder- tsken, pot by a wealthy and powerful government, bat by @ “‘ boure,” or, in other words, by a handfal cf revolute Yerkees at Sam Frances», operating with their own means, and upon the suggestions of treir own dicceroment. Now, is nota lesson to be lesrnt from en h energy? Weare nos for makin, ministers alone the scapego ats in this matter. Al! of us—the whole commuvuity— merchants and ship- masters, traders ano carriers, have beea in arrear of ourrelves and the occasion. We have poured cargo after argo into Avstralian ports, til!,as oar corres- pordent expressed it, the arrival of vessels with merchexrdise at Port Pbillip: alarmed the colony ae much “as if they had been pest shiva,” while our soldie:s at Balaklava, with plenty of moner in their pceckets, have been suffering from real famine. We Tave had command of the ¢ea, of countiess trans- porte, and of the best engineeriog science in the ‘world, sod we have bad old Saxon biood to netp as, snd yet Sebastopol still remaina nearly twice as tar frcm us as it need be. English Trade with America, (From the London Shipping Gazette, Jan. 2 } Few persons who have glanced over tne muo of North America, and have noticed the great chain of inland eeas with which it is etadded, bave been able to form any correct idea of the extent and im- mense importance ot the trade aud commer e carried on upon these great iskes, or of the works of con- Ptruction, the removal of obstacles, and the general improve menta to penne which have been ren- dere d requisite for the developement and exploration, to the fullest extent, of the inestimadle resources of there noble waters, and the vast productive territo- ries surrounding them. These inlsnd Jakes are the feeders of the maritime navigation and commerce, end the source of its greatness. For at such 4 vast distance do the grauaries and storehouses of agri- cultura] and mineral wealth lie from ths marta aad workshops of America that, but for the net-vork of Jakes, zivers, and artificial improvements with waich the country is 80 wonderfully intersected, they could never be rendered available for ex. ortation or home consumption on the seaboard and ia the old and thickly-settled distrivts, The ecommerce of these great injond reas is acquiring a maguituie aod im- portance that attests the rapidity with wich the \erritory they drain hes been populated and render- ed productive. Half a ceatury ago, Lakes Ontari>, Erie, Huron, Michigan, St. Clair and Superier were entirely without commerce. Almost the only craft to be seen upon them was the Indian canoe. The tonnage of tne lakes in 1820 amounted to only 5,500 tone, iv the next ten years it rose to 20,000 tons, in 1840 to 75,000 tons, and in 1850 to 215,787 tons. The ratio of increase bas been much greater every succeeding decade. But the present trade ba ‘ives an idea of the vast commerce of which these lakes are destined to become the scene ia fa- tare. It is estimated that the American States which border on the lakes sre of themselves capable of sustaining a population of twenty-two milliow. Add to this commerce that which is growing on the Canadian shores, and one may form a faint concep: tion of the future commerce of this region of lakes. The total length of tvese five grest fresh water seas is nesriy sixteen hundred miles, and they cover an area of upwa: de of ninety thousand square miles. We cannot but behold with wonder the manifi- cence of the gifts which Providence has showered upon this extensive region, thousands of miles in the interior from tre ocean. These watere drain more than three hundred thoussad square miles of # region abounding in mineral and agricultnra| re sources, and which have yet hardly been touched, much less eppreciated. ‘hat inexhaustible ele- mente ct weaith lie around the shores of Like il rior. Besides ite important fieheries, Nature has de- veloped ite immense mineral treasures upon a scale as grand as its waters. Its copper mines, the most extensive and productive ia the world, far- niebing sirgle meeses of the unparalleled weight of sixty tons, supply balf of the American conseump- tion, from locarities where ten years ago the exist- ence of a vivgle vein #as unknown. The iron mises beer the shores of this lake sur; those of Sweden or Rosaia in extent, and equal them in the exo*lience of their material. It is predicted by acute metallar- te that its silver minee, though as yet undeve- joped, will ove day vie with those of Mexico. Oar sttention has been more specially directed to this important new field of observation for our mer- chants and shipowners by sn intelligeot correspon- dent at Chicago, Illinois, on Lake Michigan, who pointe out the desirabibty of direct communication with Eo ope through tye 8t. Lawrence, instead of, a at present, by the Erie canal. Theat port is but 1,600 miles from the Atlantic, with which there {4 communication by vesse's of 120 feet keel and 26 beam, @rawing 10} feet water, He furnishes us with some statistics to abow ther’ importance of that district. The population of Chicago in 1840 was under 5,000; in 1848 it had risen to 20,000; in 1850 t> 30,000; and it Low stands at 78,000. There are slways in the river about 70 sail of veasels, ave irg 250 tons, four paddle steamers and «ix proprl- lere. The enrolled and licensed io. 1847 ‘was 4,000 tone; 1848, 11,000, and in 1851 23,105. The tonnage entered inwards in 1851 was 958,600 tore. The exports of beef from Chicago this season will exceed 66,000 barrels, of pork 100,000 barrels, of breadetufts 1,300,000 quarters, and of woo! 1,600,000 pounds. The imports of English iron last year were 36 000 tons. There are 24,000 miles of rail finished ip the States, and 1,400 constru ting. These data, relative to one Western town only, will serve to show the rising character of the trade and the unprecedented increase in wealth and population of these towns of the West, of which Osi ago is comperatively but ® second rate representative. There sre at least balf a dozen other risiwg abip ping ports on Michigan. Detroit is aleo & most imnorvant rt. On Lake Erie we bave gg Mee noel | Brie ana Roffalo; on Lake Ontorio, Rochester aud Orwego; and on the Oncadian exe, Ham!!wn, To 4 5 i f Fi z! i g & z 3 Pi : a 4 i i i if g i : i i aS He ur ce ie by the Bt. Lawrence, Ridean, Lachine, Chambly igton Bay canals, and ther importaut ‘mplated ard commenced. of the free long earnestly cave. In 1826 rye the anbject of an animated diplomatic correspondence between the United Btates and Great Britain. It is a privilege in which eight at least of the American S:ates h ave a direct interest, that river betog the natural outlet to the privcipal portion of the great whea!-producing re- gion of the northwest. Some few, indeed, Amo authorities oppored the use of the 8. Lawrence in the apprebension that the existing artificial channels might not continue to be used tothe full extent of their capacity. Such an appreheusion rye: mast feel to be groundlesajwho reflects that North- western States are advancing at a rate which will give them, in half a ceatury, nearly 30,000,000 of people, or who lcoks at the present principal artifi- cial cutlet to the western trade, end sees, on the showing of one of their own commercial suthorities, how the “immense trade of the Northwestern States end Territories has been forced through the Erie Canal, making the procession of boats bebe. ite whole extent as continuous as that of carr through the heart of a great city. While crow: to its utmost degree, it etill leaves large accumaia- tions of gocda at every principal lauding, and is veyer cloeed by ice without arresting a great amount of merchandise midway between ita termini.” The large towns of Buffalo, Oswego, Cleveland, Bandurky, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago and Milwaukie, a)l of which have a larger number of sailing vessels and steamers, are rapid/y taking rank among the leading commercial cities of the United States. The great inflox of immigrants proceed fromthe sea coast to the Western States; and railroads and rivers bring the stele spore of the iskes into close commupication wit! settlements and towns of the interior. In 1841 the gross amount of the American lake trade was $65 000,000, but in 1851 it amounted to more than $300,000 000—£60,000,000 sterling--and this was exclusive of the value of the propery. constantly changing hands, of the cos of e vessels, Or of the profits of the passenger trade. Any ¢iversion of a portion of this importaat trade direct to our shores, any employment which can be given to British shipping suitable to this carrying trade, any investment of British capital that can bs pe fitably and ssfely made in that distant quarter, is highly deserving of attention at # time when freignts are slack and shipowners are on the looz- cut for new fields of operation. The South—Cuba, [From the Charleston Mercury .] It is seldom that a foreign Ambassador returns to his country under circumstances more painfai than thore which attend tre case of Mr. Soult. We all remember the prestige acd high expe :tatioa which marked his appointment, and the confident bosst of Lis friexds snd of the party with whico he unfortuvately permiited his name to be associated, that the acquisition of Cnba would crown his éiplomacy. 16 was, moreover, equaily hoped by Toapy, that shoula Spain refuge to sell Cuba, Mr. Boul4 would manage in eome way, bo matter how or what, to get up @ quarrel between the two coun- tries, ond thus the conquercr’s band might sustch the prize i: could not peaceably win. Tae prospsct of a rupsare growing out of the Black Warrior affoir, was hailed with che liveliest satisfaction, and wren it finally appeared thet, inspite of threats avd bn)lying, no difficulty conid be got up, disap- pointment ard chagrin were evident tp many qua-- teres. For our part, we never fell into this traiu of hopes and expectations, aod toeretore gret'ed the peaceful relationg between 8, the United States. If Cuba was to be acquired by force on the part of this country, we taonghi at leset that eueb provocstion shozld be swaited os mignt jastify it im the eyes of civilized na tiovs, and in that form of right which nations, no Jess than indivicuais, cannot with impanity trample upos. Tut, from the first, we had little hopes of the success of Mr. Soulé’s avowed mission, and it is d'fti- cult to comprebend the confidence which he iadulg- ed, when betore him lay the repea:ed refasals of Spain to part with Cuba, and the whole current of her past history. Had he lest sight of that stubborn pride of possession which bas ever chara terized the Sparit le? cr the desperate tenacity with which Spanii jominion on this continest clang wo ite impoverished, emasculated colonies, til, after long and bitter struggles, it was comoe'led to let vo ite hola? Nor was tais bis obstacle, At the head of the Spenich government stood a woman, who bad so fer forfeited the respect of her people as to have been hissed in her own thea‘ve in Mad nid—whose administration was hopelesely weak and rotten, and whose crown and life were constantly me- paced by mobs and revolutions. Was it likely that & government thus situated, would venture upon a Measure of so muck magnitude and delicacy as the tale of Cubs? And when, too, to add to these auxte- ties and perils, the powertul embassies of Eagiand and France uzited to oppore it, with arguments whioh the strong bold ever over tue weak, wasit not the vanity of presumption that could jead men to expect thia result? The revolution brought no promiee of better things for Mr. Bou'é’s mission. Dverything was in chaos and turmoil, and the victorious party had their bande too full in maintainiog their slippery ascen- dency, to listen to proposals which found ne sympa- thy or response im the bosoms of the S aaish peo- ple. It does not appear, therefore, tha’ there was, iy ime during the mission of Mr. Soulé, the elightest : bance of purchasing Cube. Hed he never delivered bis Cubsn Junta speecd in New York, nor promulgated in advance wounding to the Castilian pride; had he, in a word, been altogether acceptable to the Spanish government, we do no: believe that he could have succeeded in his nego. tiations for Cuba. He has, therefore, failed to ac- complish what was impossible under the circum- stances, The recent action of the Cortes, is the quietus to sll hopes of the purchase of that island for the present. Mr. Soulé is sbout to return to America. How should we receive him? Shail we turn apon him the cold glance of indifference ond dievaia, because he bas failed in such a case? Shall we the less appre- ciate bis zesl and earnestness becanse trey could not accomplish impcesibilities? No! It behooves us to be generous towards bim—to lighten to the utmost the burden which now weighs upon the faith fa), if upeuccereful, public servant; to throw open wide to him that field of public service, in which he has before Jabured so bravely and nobly. Least cf all should the people of tne South con- rent that such a cne as Pierre Soult be dropped or thrust aside, in the race of party tools and little men. They can never forget hie bold and vigorous strogele for their inter: in the United States Sepate; with what convincing legic, withering de- punciation and brilliant eloquence, be fought in their ranke, and never gave bsck unti] amid treach- ery, cowardice, and fe went down. While we write, tne recollection of bie great speech upon the California bill is fresh in our minds. A speech which may well be classed emong the ficest efforteever made in the Senate, and one of the most unanswerable, in oppositien to that flagrant iziqnity. There is room, pane room, for Mr. Soulé, at home, The South'will before long, if we ju¢ ge aright, need ail her talen', and courage; snd ebe msy indeed welcome with open arms the retorn of one, who if he has failed in @ project of doubtful wisdom has genius and devotion again to — in the inevitable crisis of her existence and onor. WEATHER AND Eantuquaxe at THe Waite Mocn- TAINS —A correspondent of the Boston Traveller, under date of Jan. 20, writes ag follows:—‘‘The present week hos been one of unusual natural events in this place. Un Saturday evening last, at 9 o'clock, the thermometer was ‘at 32 degrees above zero, and at the same time a smart tain, On Sunday morning it was at 10 degrees below nero, and as freezing a wind as was ever experienced in ibis place. Several persons here had their ears and faces frozen in going to church. Monday the thermometer was again up to ZS above. Tuesday evening, at 38 minutes past 6 o'clock, an earthquake was experienced, com- mencing with a heavy rumbling noise for a few seconds, and immediately followed by a emart vibratory motion, all of which coutioued about thirty seconds, I was in one of the gest buildings in the county at the time, and the vibrations were very marked. From what T can yearn, the White Mountains were the point where it was most violent. Conld wudden extremes of heat and cold have sach an expanding and contracting effect on the surface of the mountains as to cause ruch a rewull? On Thursday morning it commenced snowing, whieh con- tinued till Friday evening, making @ fall of not lees than forty-two incber of snow homage, the good cause | Quuszc, Jan. 14, 1855. Trade of the Port of Quebec during the Year 1854— Disasters to Canadian Shipping during the same Period—Statistics of Immigration— Young Cana- da Becoming Patriotic — Volunteering for the Crumea—Storm of Indignation raised against the Quebec Mercury, for Throwing a Demper ow the Popular Feeling—Extrasrdinary Mildness of the Season, &c. In a recent letter I gave you some figures relative to the timber trade at Quebec during 'the past ear. T have just seen a statement of the general trade-of this post, from which I cull some facts concerning the shipping interest and immigration. The total number of arrivals at this port during the year was 1563, making 600,838 tons. Of these 166 were fo- reign, as follows:— 2,971 41,539 81,447 In additicn to these there were built acd register ed at Quebeo, 43 square ngged vessels, 44,165 tons; 25 achooners, 2,625 tous; and 8 steamers, 518 tons, —making 76 vessels, 47,308 tons. AsT have before eaid, the totsl number of vessels to be bailt here this year will probably not exceed twenty-five. Onr trade with the lower provinces has been Jes: than ia any previous year since 1849. This is accounted for by the high price of flour, the principal article of export, curtailing ita consumption, and the fact that the clearances from Montreal to these ports have much exceeded those of former years. The clesrances at this port for Nova Scotia, New Brans- wick, Newfouncland, Cape Breton; Prinse Edward Island and Labrador, have been as follows, since 1849:— Tons. 1849, . 8.728 1850. 10,119 1851 12,683 1852. 10,490 1863 12,797 1854. . 148 9,832 The number of vesiels clearing for ea bh of the above provinces for the last two years, is as fol” Jows:— ——1853.——, — —1854,——, Vessels. Tons. Vessels, Tons, New Brunswick 5617 76 = 4,179 Nova Scotia. 2,778 27 1,989 New foundjand. 3,575 24 2336 Oape Breton 30410 683 Labrsdor,... ele 244 9 535, Prince Edw’d Island... 4 176 2 110 OW 5 00s wyens vide 200 «12,694 148 9,832 It is entisfactory to observe that the disasters at sea, considering the great number of veesele that vieited Quebec during the past year, have aot been numercus. Forty sail are reported as having either foundered, or beevu abandoned at sea; and a like number has been stranded in the gnu)f and river. The Joes of life has been small, not over twelve or fifteen persons. ‘the immigration has increased nearly 50 per cent cver 1863. The nombers stand thus 1853. 1854. Difference. From Eogland. 18,423 7.97h “— Lreland. 16.376 3.@38 “ 6,770 2,116 i . 6,590 202 “ Germany 6,736 3,223 “ Sweden e _ 258 258 “Lower ports... 421 642 221 Tots)............36,074 53,803 17,729 Mo.t of the immigrents find their way to the west. The policy of our government in seliiog wild lenis to actual eettiers st a mere rominal raie, proves very attra-tive; and in counties which were surveyed but two or three years sinte, 1% ia found quite impossible to obtain @ siogle acre, ao. rapid bas been the settlement. Bat few immigrants re- main in Lr wer Canada, except in the vicinity of public works, where they can obtain employment’ aa laborers. The system of land tenure nittherso pre- veiling in Lower Canada has prevented ite setile. mevt. Yourg Cana's has become fired with a military ar- éor and volunteering for the Crimea isthe one topic ot converration. Mr. Raukin, member of Pariiament for the county of Easex, tendered bis services to Lord Elgin, before tout nobieman’s departure from the Prov'n:e, to raire snd equip a thousand men to the alied armies in the Bast, himself to take the command of them. The ex-Governor is to lay the offer before her Majesty, and the gallant iA waite bis Sovereign's orders. He would not find much difficulty in falfilling his epgagement. So sbsor bi: g appears the interest in the present war that men will talk of little else. One of cur city papers, the Qnebye Mercury, hitherto ase very pink of loyalty and patriotism, ventured to question the proprety of voluntesring for the Cvi- mes, snd in an grticle not very remarkable for Bri- , tieb feelicg binted that our mdens yousha, w! were ro desirous of courtiog privatioas could have their] esrts’ desire fuifilled by spending the winter ip some of the lumber sbantics on the Ottawa. The indignation of our tb deem knew no bounds, and notes from enraged subscribers, ig the dircortinuapce of the paper, poured in upon the bewil¢ered proprietor, S> intense was the fc . that in the very next iesue of the journal the pr: etor bad to disavow the sentiments of his own edi- tor, and bumbiy apologise for the appearance of the offending article. We have had most extraordinary weather thie sresor. The ‘'oldert inhabitant” remembers no- thing Iike it. During the past week it has been very mild. Yesterday it rained heavily ail day, and a per- fect etr¢am of water ran down the h‘l's and through the streets, rerdering them in some places, partica- lerly ip the lower town. aitnost im to foot passergere. Last pigh*, about it o'clock, it commenced freezing, and “sehen + westerly wind set in whicn stil continues, (two o'clock P.M.) The thermometer this morning stood twenty-five below zer”, and there is capital eka’ in the main streets, Since the wir ter set in it has marked hy these sudden changes, very unugual bereiofore in Lower Canad, Qur Wisconsin Correspondence. La Crosse, Wie., Jav. 6, 1855. A Voice from the Prairies—Chances for Setlers— High Rates of Wages—Imperfection of the Mail Arrangements, §c., &c. This is.» flourishing village of 2,000 inhabitants, | situated on @ splendid prairie ten miles long by four wide, cn the east bank of the noble Mississippi, 180 wiles arove Galena and the same distance below St. Poul. Thesol ia good, the site delightfal, and the pepulation industrieus and fast increasing, mostly from the eaetern States, and in 9)! probabil ty in ten years this village will be the second city in the Btate. Tbave travelled through nearly every county in the State, and think this by far the best pla-e for an eastern man to setile. Wages are high bere for all kinds of labor, especialiy mechanics, and the ne- ccesaties of life are much cheaper than ot the eas’. Building lots are vbesp @ little back from the river, bot sre fast increasing in value. There is good land tobe had some Gfteen miles back at govern- ment price, but it is fast being taken op, the en tries at the jand office here having been for tue past three monthe some 60,000 acres. Toere ie a town being Jaid out on the opposite side of the river, at Taylor's point, about three miles from here, where there are pow several dwellings, s store, dc. A steam ferry connects it with this place, ond the La Crosse and Milwaukie Railroad, now be ng fast ccnstrac’ed, will cross here and proceed to Markato cr South Bend, in the valley of the S:. Peters. This new town is at the mouth of the Ho- keh or Root river valley, wuich ia o splendid farm. ing regicn, ard is well filled with sorifty lot of fo: mers, who for a iong Gistance up the vi: monet come to this pc int to do their acd shipping, which most meke ita very important point, and where fortares must be made without a great of capital, 9s is required at the cast. Uf the writer bad & moiety of the money he has ded at the east ty ying to moke himeelf independent, he could here do +0 without exertion. One thing # bed here—the mail facilities, By @ miserable arrangement, Dubuque is the disribabeg cffice for thie region, avd our eastern maile thne have to erces the river twice, besides some two bur dred miles around to get here. ‘Ths bs probably the reason why to few New York papers are M&ken bere, but we trust this will not lorg ne the case, sa want to be a little nearer New York than two eche. We ar ups club for your * per, a8 we mes th very much, after baviog Geeo £0 long sccustomed to It at the enet. Prams CmorEn,