The New York Herald Newspaper, January 22, 1855, Page 8

168 Our Washington Correspondence. Wasnineron, Jan, 20, 1855. Commodore T. C. Jones—Debate in the Senate—In” teresting Incident— Excitement on the Railroad Bill—Gen. Lane's Speech-Interesting Discussion tin the Supreme Court—Has the President the Pow. er to Remove Judicial Oficers?— The Second Levee —Gen. Scott in Attendance—Senators Houston and Douglas, §c. Quite an interesting debate sprang up in the Senate yesterday, on tre bill for the relief of Commodore ‘Thomas Ap-Catesby Jones, who was suspended from his command by # naval court martial. The bill provides for the payment of his salary during the period (eighteen months) of his suspension, and ‘was opposed on the ground that the precedent would be dangerous, as tending to weaken the naval and military discipline of the country. Mr. Clayton, in his advocacy of the bill, related an interesting inci- dent in the history of she war of 1812. When the British army was destro: the Capitol at Wash'ng- “on, an officer of the patil bavy, gous the bar. jap soldiery, moon'ed the naval monument on the west side of the Capitol, aad snatched the. pen from the hand of bistorv, exclaimiog that the Ame- rican navy had n» history to write. ‘bis same officer afterwards fell in the batile of New Orleans, alain by the band of Commovore Jones himself. Mr. said he sould vote for the bill, and in doing B80 id pronounce bis “aye” in an ootaye above ‘his usual tone. Tn the House of Representatives yesterday, consid- erable excitement existed on the subject of the Paci- fic Railroad bill; and tor » wile the want of har- monious action among ‘ts triends seamed to threaten its suocess; but towards the close of the session a better understanding existed, and strong hopes were entertaines of its prseage, Gen. Lane made a Bound, practical speec>. which told wit great effect, and reconciled the differences of opinion existing mong the advocates of the measare. Some days ago I mentioned the anticipated dis- cussion inthe Supreme Court, in the case of the United States, at the relation of Aaron Goodrich va. James Gutbrie, Secretary of the ‘Treasu ‘The ar- it came off yesteday, and elicited great at- ation from the oourtand bar. Teo points were made in the case; first, yaetuer the President had the power toremove the relator, duriag the four for which he was eppcaves Chief Justice of innesota Territory; and se-ond, if he had not, ‘whethers mandemns is sroper forthe purpose, and under the circumstances stated in the bill. The act of Congress (9 Stst. 406), creating the Judges, says, “the: 1 bold cheir offives for the period of four y " The commisricns ave in the same terms— = ‘upon such terms Judge Goodrich accepted the office. The Attorney General contended that the power of removal was necessari'y involved io the power of gppointment, aud cc-extensive with it. Such, he contended, was the result of the great debate in 1789—except in cases where the contrary was pro- vided for in the consti‘ution. He thought the trae issue was, whether Congrees could deprive the Pre- sideot of this power by legislation, and argued to prove the negative. A. H. Lawrence, Esq., who appeared for the re- lator, made a masterly effort against the power ot the President to remove judicial officers, and con: tended that the whole debate upon which the At- torney General relied, was upon the power of President to remove executive, and not jadicial of- ficers. Mr. Lawrenve also contended that it was the Secre‘ary of tle Treasury, aud ‘ot the government of the United States, that refased to pay, and there- fore a mandamus was proper to command him, not os representative of the government, to mske this psyment, but as the mere officer uyon whom devolves the duty of executing the law, which the government, by its legislature, had passed—to do what the law specifically required. The case was argued on each side with distinguished ability, and = will be the anxiety to hear the decision of the ipeme Court on these important questions. The “er was betore a full court of ail the Judges. President's second levee came off last even- ing, avd was pretty mucha repetition of the first. Beacon eof bowever, seemed disposed to be a lit- ‘tle more fashionable than usual, many coming in at the hour fixed for acjnrnment—ten o'clock. I no- ticed among the distingués preseat, General Winfield Scott, who seems to have entirely re- covered from hie political defeat, Senator ong: las was also there, playing the agreeable to one of the fair, and now avd then giving w political sere of the band to seme influential wire-worker. Old 8am, of course, was in the centre of his friends, and full of bis wit and orecdote, but at the same time the personification of dignity and manly grace. ‘The ladies, too, were out in great numbers, anxious \@eee and be seen, and exhibiting every shade of saucy and fashion in drees and cosmetica. E, Wasurnaron, Jan. 19, 1855, Probable End cf the Pacific Railroad Bull—Benton Advocates a Resolution to Refer it toa Committee of Thirty-one— Wheat they did in the Senate—Pre- stdent’s Levee— Distinguished Guests Present— U.S. Supreme Court. ‘There is some chance of an end being at last made of the Pacific Reilrosd bill. It has been banging by the eyelids for the last week, crowding all other business out of the consideration of the House. The House adjourned today, with a reso, lution pendig before it 'o refer the whole question to a committee of thirty one, to report upon. Old Bullion himself advocated this resolution, and the prevailing opinion is that it will pass. If it does, this ends the railroad question for this session. The whole bill originally reported to the House has been @o mutilated and cut up with amendments, that the first document can bardly be recognized in the t discussions. It is almost neces- eary the question should be referred to & committee, that the report may intorm the House what they are now discussing. Mr. Benton was among the number who made » five minutes speech to-day, and was listened to with that attention from all within hie hearing, which his reputation as a public orator always demands for nim. The House meet to-morrow—getting industrious, to con- sent to work on Saturday. There is cause for this industry, for the session, so far, has been fooled ‘away in gas, buncombe and small talk. , in the Senate, the bi!l for the relief of Jones came up, snd was passed without difficulty. Beveral speec'ies were made, reflecting severely upon the court martial which suspended thir lint ofr from his pay. The “old Roman of Senate,” as he is calied—tie Hoa. Jobn ~: Ciky ton saat ¢ wah ; home| eloquent speech upon 6 «subject; reviewe' the services of Commodore Ap-Oatesby Jones to his country, said that gra‘icude alone t) a heroic seldier, who had fought like Cicero, should prompt to vote him the relier requested, and that it came his turn to vote, his “‘aye” should be an octave higher than his ordinary voice. Sena- jones and Brodhead, who have eaca a pet bill they wish to bring before the Senate aa a aa possible, tried hard to get an adjournment til tomorrow; but Mr. Badger, who is averse to work- too much, and who slways advocates a motion ‘‘to over,” succeeded in getting an adjournment till Monday next. we his second levee to-night, and a rather brill affair it was, Of the di present, Gen. Scott was the ob- the company, escorting upon his arm during the evening the Hon, Mrs. Preston, of Ken- , & noble jeoking woman, and in this fall, © worthy associate \Maskrioun commander of our armies—Gen. op od days. he company, General Sam Houston, Hon. Mr. Preston, of Ken- feeling and - till eleven o'clock in the evening, ning. The President and Mrs. company a:cording to the “rules cases made and defined,” and shook passed the compliments of the day with A fine band of music sen: through of White House its volumes of sweet pew featare, that added mach ‘o the inte- the reception. Not lese, perhaps, than one le called upon the it to-night. will be givem every Friday evening until In the Supreme Court to-day was argued the cise of Good:ich against the United States. This suit it the government for the re- a8 the Chief Justice of aa he contends, Judge for the term of the execative anthority of the United was disolaced py Millard Fillmore, whan term had expired. He now demands two years beyond his time of service. wrense, of Washington, advocated the case tiff, and Attorney Geuersl Cushing ad- the court on the part of the United States, the two arguments taking up the entire d ageeer ste 5 5 ‘Correspondence of the Baltimore San. C y jan. 1, 1856. ‘allipagos Treaty a ‘Fired Fact’'—Some of its Pro- eo ‘Provisions—The Supply of Guano on the siands. treaty is a fixed fact, and Turtledom is ‘The treaty negotiated Ly Mr Philo White, with of Kouador, wee , is actually in the State De. we go partment, though it has not yet been laid before the nate. The provisions of the treaty are said to require that the United States government shall loan three millions of dellars to the republic of Ecuator, without interest, taking a lien upon the islands for its repayment. So it is not to bea nomiual, but a substantial acquisition. ‘The vessels from the United States are to have free ac- cess to the islands, and the guano deposits are to be free to our people, at a very low rate of duty. These deposits, though called guano in the treaty, are not 80 in fast. They are deposits not of birds, but of turtles, and are approved, it is said, upon experiment, as equally valuable by chemists and agriculturista. supply is represented as inexhaustible. If all these con- ditions be true, the contract will be vastly beneficial to our agricultural interests and for planters as well as rmers. The terms of the contract may be objectionable, though | presume it may be made to appear that, as a matter of busipess, they are advantageous to this coun- wy i# @ peval colony on the islands, but we 40 not to bring that away, though the government of tenia Could be obliged to us if we would. Our guane fleets will also be exposed to the almost perpetual calms that prevail in that quarter, but this will only give employment for our steamtugs. If the agricultural interest approve of this contract it may be confirmed. It will employ a great number of vessels and of seamen, aa wellas laborers, It will break up the monopoly of the Peruvian guano, and bring the price of this almost indispensable art'cle within the li- mits of the means of all our farmera on the Atlantic coast, as well as ol the cotton planters, who begin to re- quire it for thejy cotton. Virginia Politics, OUR RICHMOND QORRESPONDENCE: Ricumonp, Dec. 19, 1854. The Prospects of the Campaign—Rise and Progress of Know Nothingism in Virginia—Espionage in Portsmouth—Desperate Chances of Wise in his own County— Distracted State of his Party, §c. 1 give you my word, Mr. Herap—and it is the word of 8 man who is getting gray in politics, “ sil- ver gray,” sir—it is the word of a men wh), as that old locofoco, Benoni Harrison, said of himself ia the late democratic convention, was always considered ass man of trath in his own neighborhood—that, never till this year of grace, 1855, did I believe it possible te overthrow the democratic predominance in this commonwealth. I have always looked upon whig predictions in the beginning of a canvass here as the merest brag, and, after they have for months gulled themselves with the idea that they were going to beat the locofocos by 30,000 majority, I have not been at all disappointed when they have been whip- ped and pummelled into a jelly, and beaten so black and blue that the mothers that bore them didn’t know their own children. But, for the first time in my life, I bave come to the conclusion that it is nos merely possible to effect a political revolution in Vir- ginia, but that that revolution is wn fait accompli. Nothing under the blue heavens can prevent it bat @ euicidal and assinine refusal of the whigs and Know Nothings to co-operate, of which I am pleased to say there is little prospect; and even that can’t doit. the whigs want to defeat Wise they can help on, the gcod work, and they ought not to be Particular Bp whom it‘ is done, for the defeat of ‘Wise by cne of his own party would be even more galling andglemoralizing than his defeat by a whig; but neither the democratic nor whig opponents of Wise ought to split upon te political comvlexion of the man w) to meet dim. The only hope of Wise’s friends isin setting his.opponents by the ears. Forewarned, forearmed! As for the demosratic sphts, they can’t be healed up. Old Mr. Marcy might wellgfford to give a much larger sum than fifty cents to patch the democratic “ breaches” in this commonwealth, I have delayed hitherto attempting to give a sketch of the rise, progress and prospects of Kaow Nothingism in this State, because I have not been able till now to obtain the facts, and it is better not to atate them at all than not to state them accurately. Thave at last obtained them, and from a perfectly reliable source. If they do not come up to theex- Qggerated accounts which have been given, they afford at least reliable data, for you may depend upon their perfect and entire accuracy. Now, onthe strength of these facts, which you may re!y upon as implicitly as if they were testified to under outh by five hundred of the most respectable men in the community ina court of jastice, you must form your opinion whether Heury A. Wise has not a rougber road than Jordan to travel, and whether he is likely to pass over with dry slippers. The first organization ofa Kaow Nothiag council a Virginia was in Alexandria, in the month of March last. The second was ia Norfolk, soon after, and it was held on board a vessel in the harbor. In the municipal elections whica soon after took place in Norfolk, the Know Nothings gave the first evi- dence of their power in Virginia, and carried everything before them. Noother Know Nothing man teneationa of any note ocurred tili April, when slight demonstrations were made in various places. In the whole State, up to May, there were but be- tween thirty and forty councils altogether, and the number in each waa quite small. The first Know Nothing Council in Richmond was organized on the 4th of July last. At the lowest estimate, there ara between fifteen and sixteen hundred members here, though there have been at least twenty-five huodred initiated inthis city. fhe number of members in the Richmond councils is steadily increasing. Some- times as many as twenty join one ct the coun ils ina single night. If any one thinks Know Nohingism is the whig cat in the meal tub, they need only look at some of the dyed in the wo»l democra‘s who be- lepg to the various councils in Richmond and take anactive partintbem. The first general meeting of the State Council wea held in this city in the month of November last. At that time there were in the State about forty councils, and abont thirty thourand members. At this time there are no leas than three hundred and sixty councils in the State of Virginia, one hundred and ninety of which are in Eastern Virginia. No State Council has been held since November, and there has been consequently no report of the number of members in the whole State, but from the beet data that can be obtained the membersbip at present is about fifty-eight thou- sand. At this rate of increase there will certainly be pot less than eighty thousand Kuow Nothing votes by the t'me the election comes on. The vote of Vi ginia in the last Governor's elec- tion, in 1851, stcod as followa:—Johnson, demo cratic candidate, 67,427; Summers, whig candidate, 60,286—Johnson’s majority, 7,101. Atthe Presi- dential election ot 1852, ‘the vote for Pierce was 72,413; for Scott, 67.132; majority for Pierce, 15,281. No one pretends that the vote in the Presidential election was a fair indication of the relative strength of parties in Virginia. Scott wes anything but a favorite with the Virginia whigs. He was suspected of being uader the influence of Seward, and that was enongh to kill him here. The whigs of Virginia who voted for bim gave him apything but a cordial support, while did not vote at all, and others voted for Pierce. The vote in the Governor's election was the true test of the strength of parties, That ve, at that time, a democratic majority of seven ousand in round numbers. There are changes enough in half a dozen counties of the State to throw the majority on the other side. The whole vote of the State is 129,545. On the day of the election there will be cast at least eighty thoueand Know ba | votes. Now, sooordling to my arithmetic, twice eighty thousand is one nun- dred and sixty thousand. Sixty-five thousaod Know Nothing votes would defeat Mr. Wine. The Know Nothings will bave fifteen thousand more the while strength of hls party at thivtimes whole s time. Out of fifteen or sixveen Bundred votes in the city of Norf.Ik—the ler; vote ever cast in that city—Henry A. Wise will not get over three han- dred votes. I am not speaking eonjecturally, but upon reliable data. He will get bat three hundred votes there,and they princioslly foreigners. In Norfolk county, inclu Portamouth, (where is the navy yard,) Pierce’s y was five hundred and sixty two, There will be a ay eight bondred to pire hundred ise, making 4 difference of about twenty-five hundred votes in Nortolk city and county alone. Let me give you some curious and entertaining facta in connection with the inception of Kaow Nothingiam in Norfolk and Portsmouth. The first counctl, as I nave told you, was organized on board & vesvel in the barbor. Suspicions soon became rife that Know Nothingism had made a start in that region. Its enemies determined to flod ont wao be- longed to the order, and a system of espionage was established which would have done honor to tae curiosity and vigilance of the Ho'y [nquisitors. Men were watched at theirown doors to see where they went at ws The indignation of the people, ae goon as this was discovered, was pro'oundly aroused. It gave av impetns to Kuow Nothingiem such os it had never receiv d before. Numbers who did Lot belong to the fraternity, and had n> iaten tion of joinipg it, finding themselves thus #atcued ard cogged, immediately united themseives with the Know Nothings. fon after thie oecurrence, ths governmont sent on en order for tie regis on of eighty more mea in the United States Navy Yard at Portaraonta. More then eighty native born citizen of America applied for appolutment. The government procesdea to appointmente—and of the eighty, seventy- Bary al and only four natives were ap- Pop chort time afterwerds was mide tor forty more More than tha; number of poe po gro thire; f There came a tuird requisition for ¢ men. Bot by this time the “powers that be” an to emell a rat, and, trembling in their shoes, they ap- pointed the whole twenty Americans. Can you wonder that Know Nothingism has taken Ga ret in Virginia, ana is flourishing hke a green ee! 16 word as to Mr. Wise’s own county, Accomac, a strohghoid of rig There are 1,500 voters in that county, and, at this moment, eight hundred and fifty of them sre Know Nothings, and the nun- ber rapidly increasing! The Richmond Enquirer of the 18th asserts that the Rev. French 8. Evansintroduced Know Nthing- ism into Virgivia. Tnis assertion is without foundation. That individual never had anyth{ng to do with Know Nothingism here, in aoy form or ebape. It was introduced in this Btate by eight or ten natives of Virginia, about one-half of whom were democrats, and they obtained their charter from Baltimore. T will mention another sign of the times. Straws snow the direction of the tide. The Penny Post, of this city, hitherto a neutral paper, has come out flat footed for Know Nothingism. Buoh is a true history of the rise and progress of the Know Nothin; Virginia. They will bring in‘o the field, on tre day of the election, more than half of the whole vote of the State, by fifteen thou- send. Wise is as dead politic lly ‘as a door nail, What bas he to oppose to this mighty, mysterious and maseive phalanx? A distracted and dispirited minority! The irionds of Lecher, his defeaced rival for conventional honors, pray in secret for hia des. truction. Crowds of the old Jackson men prenly: swear that they will not vote for him. Mixed basis democrats, in every part of Eastern Virginia, dis- gusted by his advocacy of the white basta in the constitutional convention, boldly declare that he can never get their support. Tne ret he pertly cracks its woip, and proclaims martial law; but they heed the juvenile editor about as mnch asa rhinoceros heeds a flea bite. The Know Nothings Wise has cast from him in scornful defiance. And tne Roman Catholica he has alienated by declaring that “he hates tbe Pooe, every inch of him.” The conservative men of every party he has enlisted in earnest asp.rations for bis defeat, by bis talk from the hustings abou; “' bariag the arm of Virgin's,” should he be elected, in vindication of her honor. Every Protestant of tne State he bas offended by calling their ministers littie Popes, Who wants to bet on the election of Henry A. Wise ? Gentlemen, don’t all speak at once. Kyow SomMerHING. Our Boston Correspondence. Boston, Jan. 19, 1855. The Storm—Mr. Lowell's Lectures on English Poetry—-The Italian Opera—Bad Manage ment—The Franklin Statue—4 New Market House—Tolls Between Boston and Charlestown— The Smallpox—The Misbandment of Foreign Companies—The Senatorship—A Russian Para- Brayh. /After an absetice of some days, the sun is shining upon this 19th of January, the sky being orilliant and clear as it used to be said to be in the Crimea. For seme time the clouds had hung low, and ina solid mags, over us, and numerous abortive attempts at snow storms occurred. Enough snow fell to ren- der the walking bad, but on Thursday morning there commenced such a fall of rain as has rarely beon seen here. Had the element came in the shape of snow, we should have had one of the severest storms of that kind ever known in Massachusetts; for the meadows were literally flooded for miles into the country, and sheets of water were to be seen where the farmer produces his best crops. After a twenty-four hours’ fall, the rain changed to snow, and the wind blew in gales, as it had done during the rain storm. Snow fell about ‘eighteen hours, ceasing last night. Altogether it was a very fair specimen of a New England winter storm. The sleighing js excellent in many places, but unequal, ‘and not so good as it would have besn if the saow had had less of a watery bed in which to repose. ‘There has been less interruption to travel than might have been expected. In other parts of New England the fall of snow has been prodigions. The walking in town is very bad, and “‘ the fallof man” is often practically illustrated at the expense of the bones, flesh, cignity, and temper of men of very “eminent gravity.” Of ail the lectures we have had here this winter, none can be compared to those which Mr. J. R. Lowell ia delivering on English poetry. Four of them have been ivered. They are fall of wit, humor and sarcasm, and are the productions of a mind full cf ita subject. The best was the third, on tbe metrical romances, in which the le:tarer gave the best idea of the age of chivalry that I have ever to be expressed. Last nignt Mr. Lowell spoke of ‘the baliads,” and in course of his lecture, when speaking of the taults of the press, he said: “This is our own fault, and not that of the editor, for we make the sewspapers, and the editor would be glad to give us better staff if we did not demand such as this.” ‘The opera has done tolerably well hore, though its succees has not been of avery marked character. Great comp!” ints are made of bad m: ment of the opera business, and it was just so when we had the English opera. Mr. Hackett carries things with a high hand, and has no idea of liberality. The worst effect of this is that the theatre itself must suffer for his want of sense, though Mr. Barry is not in the least to blame for what is so displeasing to the pubitc. The committee on the Franklin monumsnt had a meeting on the 17th—the anniversary of Frauklin’s birth—at the house of their chai‘man, Mr.R O. Wintbrop. The money collected amouats to more than $15,000, and is sufficient to pay for the statue; but for the pedestal, railing, &c., between three an: four thousand dollars more will have to be raised. The statue will be eight feet high, and wilt oe placed on a pedestal of twelve feet. Mr. Greenough, the artist, expecta to have the model for the casting io two montis. The casting will be made at Chicopee, where the bronze statue of De Witt Clinton was made. The — represents the statesman-piiloso- pher standing with his bat under his arm, roariay a lined cloak. The committee have acted with great promptitude; and while much nonor has been won by them all, the bighest praise is due to Mr. Winthrop, with whom the idea of erecting the monu- ment originated, aud who has been indefatigable in his exertions'to forward an enterprise, in the com- plete success of which the honor of Boston is greatly concerned. It is expected that the work will be completed before the next anniversary of Franklia’s birth. At the meeting at Mr. Winthrop’s, a suit of clothes worn by Franklin when he signed the treaty of veace, and now belonging to the Massachusetts Historical Society, was shown to the persons pra- the cocasion of signing some Important nth ioe of important G same dress that he bad on when he was before the English Privy Cvuncil,on which occasion it was that he was so brutally aesailed by Wedderboro; bat whether it was the treaty of alliance with France, or the treaty of peace with England, Ido not know. In either case, the incident was interesting, and shows that the great man had a very good idea of what constitutes a practical joke ona grand scale. Rents of stores are coming down ia Boston. The owner of three of our first class warehonse stores, on one of the principal business streets of the city, says that he cannot now, on leases for three years, command more than 5 per cent on his investment. Several stores are now to let, whereas, bata few months since, it was difficult to procure one at any ice. rk new market house bas been erected in the northern part of the town. The proprietors of the estaten tyke in the equare, between Battery and Balotation , and running from Commercial street to , contemplate the removal of al the buildings now there, waich would make an ave- = pre heat. feet wide, from Hanover street to ‘a A one structure is to be placed in the middle of tae arcee, to be of the width of twenty or thirty feet, and used as an oven market house, euch as exist in many other places. The tolls on Charlestown bridges bear with great Oppressiveness upon some people, and an omaibus company have petitioned the Legislature that they may be reduced. Several other petitions, to the same purport, have been eent In from Charlestown, one of which wroposes that when the bridges shall have been svfficiently repaired, they shall be sarren- dered to Charlestown, and power be given to that city to collect tolls annually, at certain periods, to pay the coat of each year’s repairs. The opinion is expressed that by laying tie tolls from June 17 to July 4, enough money would be collested to pay all expenses. This mode of getting fands would be to associate the idea of tdxation with some of the rincipal events of the American Revolution, and so & toe means of bringing home to the pockets aa weil as to the minds of the paye: canees of that great contest. ‘The smallpox is Cp prevalent in Charlestown, nd the varioloid still more #0. This is said to be T3, one | owing to the fact that children have been indliscri- minately admitted to the public schoola, without baviog first been vaccinated. The “icreign popula: tion” have to bear the burden of the infliction, be cause of the carelessness of their modes of life. Abcut forty “ miscellaneous workmen" —riggers, makers, painters &s.—have been discha’ 4 fram the Chaflestown Nevy Yard. Some twenty additional bends have been hired to work on the steamship . The new i: “ grow- ing” very fast. e General 0! , who was Adjutant General for some years Governor ’ administration, fad Published @ long article on the bold and pe- pe AGS nis woot (tary sauatine yr [ Masencliusetta, in which, ioe mili 0 he ar, that that was illegal anc unconstitutional. ‘The Po, Tate, says that this is the current a Perhaps it is the opinion prevalent seeing de with whom the editors of the Post associate, some 1,500 mea, including the office holders, constituting the rem- nant, or s&eJeton, or ghost, of that democratic in Massachusetts, 47,000 strong, which vo Gen. Pierce in 1852; but among the people the act is most lar. Keven some of those who doubt the legality of the fergor oa iat i Gotta ene lawyers who say q Isnow, but quite as able ones say that he ls ristat. Gentlemen, toe, who have been bigh in office in Maseachusetts, and who have had the best oppor. tonities to know what our military law is, say that Governor Gardner has not overstepped. the bounds of that law, as Commander in-Chicf. Mr. Nelson, under whose immediate advice the disbandment took place, has a very high reputation as a lawyer, and probably knew what ne was about when he ey his opinion to the Gover- nor. As'the order is to be resisted, we shall have a regular decision on it. Bat little importance, I find, is attacted to the “opinion” given by tie Judges of the Supreme Court in 1837. The sata complain of beisg called upon to give these ‘op ons,” which ave made up without any argumest on the questions to which they relate. They are not, therefore, in the nature of decisions, and the Judges fay that the collision of minds, conzequent ou full discussion might lead them to make decisions very different from the “opinions” given on s nake i pro- oxition. But, legal or not, the Governor’s action 1a NE, popular, and bas made many friends for There is nothing new in the political world. The opponents of Gen. Wilson are very active; hut the impression a: tbe State House is that he +tands better now than he did a week ago. The difficulty with which his foes have to contend is of taeir owa making. They scattered their votes in the caucus held on the 12th, whereas they snould have united them on some one man, 8a; . Bly, in which essa they might have carried ir point. But having thrown away thear great card, they can hardly ex- pect to do much now, especially as the attempts to prevent the cancus uominee’s election on the gcoand of his free soilism have actually produced -esults di- rectly the reverse of what it was intended should foilow from them. Such thingsfare two-ecgad, and are as apt to cut one way as the other. Lookicg, the other day, into Dr. Hamel’e “Bng- land and Russia,” which was published in 1846, [ found the following paragraph, which is the second in the book :—'Nearly three hundred years have now elapsed since England there [i.e. at tne mouth of the Dwina] greeted Muscovy. So great nave been the beneiite to trade, the wuts, andiudustry in eneral, arising from the friendly relations b:t veon. gland and Russia, which, in 1853, complsted the third century of their Sontnnante that one might havo expected to seo thii pericd closed a cts Countries, with a jubilee to commemorate xo remark- able an exemple of uninterrupted amicable inter- course between nations.” Amusing, is’nt it, wnen one recollects that 1853, the jubilee year that was to have been, saw the commencement of that quar rel between England and Russia, which was to end in the most ferocious war of modern times, before the first quarter of 1854 hadexpired? Aucoma. or American Sympathy with Russia, TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. In the tremendous straggie which is now going on respective combatants should desire the sympathies of 8 great, free and disinterested nation like the United States of America; and it is equally natural, and, indeed, quite inevitable, that these sympathies should be given to one party or the other. Hence the anxiety and uneasiness with which the English journals regord the publication in thie country of re- porta favorable to the Russian government; and hence the satire, ridicule, and even scorn, that they are accustomed to neap upon their authors. Hence, too, on the other hand, the kindness, courtesy, and marked respect with which the Czar is accustomed to treat all Americans. It is a striking evidence of the onward march of civilization, and of the reflective influence of nation upon nation,that the moral power of this sympathy is now so potent; and it is especially a striking evi- dence of the expanding power and dignity of the United States, that, separated as she is by thousands of miles of watery waste from tho Powers at war, yet the opinions and sympathies of her people re- specting the merits of the struggle, excite such keen comments of condemnation or approval. The identity of tre great body of the American the English, and the friendly ties formed in the very inception and institution of our republic, with France, added to tke present snd ever-increasing bond of union to be found in our trade with both of the allied powers, would appear, at first sight, to be influences which would insure for them our cordial sympatby. None of these influences exist to any extent in the case of Russia. It is comparatively but a few yeare since, we, in common with the other nations of the civilized world, have ceased to regard her people as arace of barbarians. As to her relixion, it is one which not orly the great body of Protestacts, but even the small fraction of Catholics ia our couatry, regard with distrust and aversion. [n literatare, she bas as yet hardly assumed 4 place in the repab- lic of letters; and as to laws, the priacioles of our institutions are directly at variance with those of hers, founded as her government is upon that most atrocious of the generally luminous maxims of the civil law, “ That what pleases tie Emperor shail be taken for law.” In this re#pact, however, the French government at preseot is coastructed on n> better basis. How comes it, then, that a general feeling of sympathy towards Russia pervades our people,which, although unseccompanied with any actual feeling of hostility towards the allies, ye! irduces us to regard and repulses which they bave received, aud are sul destined to receive, at the hands of their stub- born and valiant foe ? The anawer is to be found in the fact that in the case of nations, as well a» that of individuals, their ey: thies are governed by their interests, ‘Traditi friendship, ties of blood, and affinities of religion, affec’ the minor actions of nations. Bat when great interests are at stake—the safety of sea- poms tue free navigation of the «cean, and the fet- less flow of commerce, the a qnisition of terri- tory, or the negotiation of desirabie treaties—toen it is icle to imagine that a vation will be iaflaenced by ay fancied ties of sentiment which conflict with their interest. ‘The cause of our sympathy with Rnssis, then, is to be found priveipaliy in a settled conviction that ae success of the allies is dangerous to our in- a. This conviction, whieh floated vaguely in the minds cf the people at the very aspect of tae migh:y and magnificent armament which the allies sent forth to thwart and check forever the traditional ag. grandizing policy of Russia, has been strenginened and ceepenei by the unguarded language of Eoglish statesmen as to the ultimate purposes of the a lies in 3t to us. This language, or rather the con- stro we had placed upon it, it is trae, has been contradicted, but facts can never be satisfactorily That the course of policy and of events, which is lly iB the way for our acquisition of iba end of the Sandwich [siands, is looked upon with great jealousy alarm by Eagiand and rans, and especially by the former, is insontro- e. vertil That the bold espousal of liberalism, and ‘with its supporters, by some of our diplomecia on the Continent, has deeply offended the present overnment of France. io common with the other powe's of Eu , is equally undeniable. Events and actions, trifftag in themselves, but in their aggregate of great importance, have made this jealousy and discontent, amounting in some in- stances even to insult, quite apparent; so that we are quite justified in the fear, that inthe event of ® termination triumphant to the allied Powers, of the present war, it will Bo bot a slight affront on our part, ry | slight pretext on theirs—either that we are acquir- ing too mach territory, or forming unwarrantable treaties «ith States under their protection, or using the diplomatic character os a cloak to dissemiaste revolotiopary principles on the Coxtinent—to bring own upon our unguarded seaports and defenceiass | commerce the whole weight of the combined mili. the chief tary marine of) France and England. 4 it strange, then, that we feel no great griet on | beholding that marine crippled and weakened? | What interest have we, commerciaily, in the succeas of the allied powers? What interest have we in the continusnce of an imbecile Ottoman power on the shores of the Bosphorus and the Mediterranean, which is to exist, if it exist at all, to keep n» the fiction of & balance of power in Europe, while its | soil end ite peovle are to remain as heretofore —the resources of the former undeveloped, and the ener | gies of the latter slumbering in p perpetual and in the pevinsula of the Crimea, it is natural that the | people, in race, religion, laws, and literature, wish | with 9 certain degree of complacency the disasters | NEW YORK .HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 22, 1855. a aliied together. Indeed, @ great maritime power in 1780 and 1782, when, in jano- tion with nearly all the European powers our own country, she, opposed by England alone, adopted the just and cherished Ameriosn principle— free abips, tree goods—that ple, of being now conceded temporarily, ac it has been dur- ing the present war, would long ago have been in- corporated into, and become a vart of, the recog- ed Jaw of sete, J Bat 1EJA50, when that prio- ple was promu! by powers composing the armed entry, Bagi alone, against the world, succeeded in ig itout. With Russia on the Bosphoras, we should have a most powerful ally in the establishment of that principle among lawe of nations. ‘The present ailiance of France and England is, admittedly, nots league in behalf of liberty or of religion. On the. , it presants the extraordi- pary epectacie of a free nation like tne English, uniting with a pure des m like that of Louis Napoleon, the former with a view to ward off what she fancies a d danger to her trade, and the latter to preserve the balance of power in Europe —both nominally Chriatian cations, and both fig! under the Crescent against the Cross. It is simply struggle for power—on the part of Russia a str. gle to free her fresh and vigorous race from the ob- stacles which now check their prover and full dave- lopement, on the part of France and England a stroggle to keep that race in tne swaddling clotoes of infancy. As @ secondary and necessary result of the policy of the Western powers, the effete race of the turks is to be maintained in useleas occupation— useless alike to themselves and the world—ot one of the finest parte of pe. Se can doubt the ultimate result of this strug- le The arts of diplomacy, desperate valor, and a pro- digal waste of Wood and treasure, mey delay it for atime. But there are laws in the developement of nations, as there are in the workings of nature; and everything voints as clearly to the conclusiun that Russia is to become a power on the high seas, as that the United Statesyare toexpand and absorb all that is desirebie ot the North American continent and its dependent islands, ‘These things are not so much the rezlt of diplo- macy, and of the design and forecast of statesmen, ae they are the spontaneous, natu’al, and majestic march of nations in reaching the rank which Pro- vidence hss assigned them in its io ornare other words, they are their manifest gost ny. BW, ee Jersey City News. RELIEF FOR THE Poor,—The committees «pointed at the recent meeting of citizens, to devise means of relief for the poor, have attended to their duties promptly, and relief has been afforded as judiciously as possible to ap- plicants and to those found to be in need.}'At the Alms- house applications for aid are on the increase rather, and the house continues to be full of inmstes, It has been ascertained, ina few instances, that charity has been bestowed upon tose who have disposed of that which was given them for rum; but strict precautions are taken to prevent the repetition of such impositions. The sum of $265 bas been raised since the Ist inst., by the congregation of St. Peter's Church (Roman Catho- lie) for the benefit of the poor of that Church. The em- Ployees of Coleate’s soap factory, in Jersey City, sub. eribed $50 for the relief fund, and handed that amount to the Mayor. ‘Tax Covrrs.—In the Hudson County Court of Oyer and Terminer sentences have been pronaunced as fol- lows :—Wm. Galand, Joseph Galand, Ann B. Geland, and Carolive Galand, convicted of grand larceny, were each rentenced to the State Prison for three years; Cath- erine Galand, convicted of the same cflence, sentence suspended; Ann B. Gayland, convicted of petty larceny, sent to the county jail for 10 days; Sarah Decker, found guilty of grand larceny, was sent to the State Prison for two years; Michael Boyle, for highway robbery, State ison, one year; Peter Cunningham, for grand larceny, tate prison one year; John Gilmartin, for petit larceny, State prison, one year: H. M, Tufts, for false protences, $50 fine; Joxeph Henial, Frederick Clausin, Robert Ma digan, and Charles McCarty, for rolling liquor without license, each $10 and costs;'and Win. Moore, convicted s of selling liquor without license, $40 and costs, and sentence on the counts suspended. Coroner's Inquests. Svrcpe by Curmina uke Turoat wir A Razor.—Yes- terday Coroner O'Donnell held an inquest at No. 196 Fast Twenty-fourth street, upon the body of Catharine McBride, who committed euicide by cutting her throat with a razor while laboring under a fit of temporary in- sanity. From the evidence adduced on the inquest it appeared that the deceased, along with her husband, lived in a state of poverty and destitution, brought abou by the discbarge of the latter from his daily employ- ment. For the past few weeks the deceased had been intoxicated on several occasions, aud it was while labor- ing under the effects of drunkenness that she was im- pelled to commit the rash act. The case being given to the jury, that body rendered the following verdict :— “The deceused, Catharine McBride, came to her death by cutting her throat with arazor, while laboring under & fit of temporary aberation of mind, the effects of intem- perance.”’ The deceased was about forty-one years of ‘age, and was a native of Ireland, Mcnper py 4 WoMAN IN OrncrnNaTI.—About 2 o'clock this morning, as two females of doubtful reputa- tion were walking up Main street,near Thirteenth street, they were accosted by a young man aamed James Kel- ly, who commenced upon them a tirade of abuse, then asked them if he had not always used them right They replied that he had, and as they were turning from him, Kelly slapped one of them named Mary Ann Cestelloin the face. Mary instantly turned and plunged a large bowie knife into his side, and then cut him in the neck. Kelly fell down and died. Upon examination it was foand that the stab in the side was the wound which caused death. The parties were brought before the police court thi+ morning for examination, The evidence was in substance, that when the parties met, Mary told Kel- ly that be bad better go bome to his mother. Kelly re- plied that she was not his mother. Mary said Iam glad of it, Kelly then assaulted them, and the stabbing took place as above. The defendants were discharged on the ground that they acted in self-defence.—Cinn, Gazette, Jan, 19. History or American Dyin An Albany correspondent of the Utica Herald says:—I may as well mention that Rev Dr Sprague, of this city, has been engaged for a long time upon the great work of his life, and one that will probably greatly enhance his reputa- tion ax a writer and a theologian. It is to be the “His- tory of the American Divines.”” It in now in such a state of forwardness that he hopes to complete it, should his life and health be age inabout a year from this time. If Iam correctly informed, it is “to consist of a series of biographies of the most eminent clergymen of this country, of all denominations, ratber than what ia commonly called a history. It will probably give a very good ides of the state of religious opinion and feeling at ‘the Aifferent periods of our history. The work will ne- cesearily be Ia it will consist of five volumes, and will doubtless be considered an acquisition im every valuable library. AN Anortion Unper Peoutiarn CrecumsTances —Dratn ov THe Woman.—We learn on good authority that a woman (name not given) died suddenly yesterday at the house of igo | Winnie, situated im the town of Brunswick, a few ro: death resulting from this city to procure a1 sttem pt mae by a physici bortion, The facts are thus ven :—It seems that the woman ged is married) tas een for reveral years troubled with what is generally known wa St. Vitus’ dance, always when pregnant, but seldom at any other time. ' Being in that way, it seema that the doctor undertook to cure ber of the dance by attempting an abortic t of the gronsest malprac- tice, and something, never before attempt- ed for the cure of such s comp! No inquest has yet been neld on the body, neither any arrest of the on implicated im the transactien been made.—Troy ‘get, Jan. 19. Swow Sronm in Bostox.—The heaviest snow sterm of the xeason prevailed yesterday and last night It was, in fact, one of the ‘old fashioned sort,’’ which we hear and read about. Whatis not a little singular, withal the wind all the while stiff and square fa ths North west, with all the cha: ristics and the decided temper of the old time North-east.—Boston Bee, Jan. 20. DEFALOATION IN Massacnvserts.—-We learn from good authority thet the Tradesman’s Bank, Chel- sea, has recently lost between $700 and $800, in a mysterious manner. Robert Atkins, belonging to Mal- den, and for some time a clerk in the bank, has left the | institution very abruptly, and it is supposed be baa a horror of an investigation.—Boston Telegraph, Jan. 19. Personal Intelligence. TaMr. Mason's Heattn.—The Boston Transcript says:— By letters received in Boston, from Dr, 8. L. Bigelow, the ry tending physician upon the Hon. John Y. Mason, | United States Minister to France, we learn that at the latest dates Mr. Mason was comfortable, and strong hopes were entertained of his recovery. ALP. Crosh Ward, Ontario: 3 Jum bia ; 8. Rakin, 'S) Niaadock, Phi , 0 + dudgo voky; Inde , Boffalo ; Hugh ‘Tinley, ci VOL. XX, MARITIME INTELE All packages and letters intended for the New Hrnaen should be seated. MIGH WATER Port of New York, January 21,1855. ARRIVED. hip Panama (clipper), Cave, Shanghae, 85 days, with teas ae nits toN i a6 Griswol |. Lefts An: int ‘Gaal me lon 8 36, Wm MoCoy, saa Passed Cape of Good Hope Bao 8, jas Jon 636 EB, "Of and for Boston trom ke a herm pele, with clipper ship M: er, and ~” Y, ippe iP 3 ator Doo 30, lat 29 9) 8, not seo hou: er nal ig; Jan 10, saw large pieces of vertel’s dec! Bark Peter Demill, Hooy, Savannah, 8 days, with cottom, &o, to Demill & Co. ‘rie Orinovo (of Cherryficld), Johnson, Neuvites, 15 days, with mahogany and fustic, to T Owen & Sons. tedtig MStrout, Strout; Philadelphis, 2 days, with ooad, master Schr Plandome, Brown, Savannah, 8 days,with cotton and e, to Dunham & Dimon, Schr Music, Chase, Alexandria, 4 days. Schr Catharin Flower, Norfolk for Belfast, Me. Schr © A Gra arp, Philadelphia. Schr Vauter, Perry, Delaware BELOW. One sip, unknown. Wind during the day from NNE. ship Quoen of the scbr Hanoy. asco I7th ult. Left brigs Atlantic, for York 5 days; Susan for do7 days. \ Alsoarr barks TE Baxter, Phil hia; Gem, do; brig Chita, Baltimore; sehr Jairus, 1. Port au Prince, Herald Marine Ce. Beraupa, Jan 1, 1855. Tee 12—Arr brigantine Penguin, Watlington, She left om 17th Nov for NYork, returned in’ distress, havin, 13th-gArr bark Suwarrow (before reported). Pi days from Sagua for NYork, cargo sugar, and with damage to spars, thrown overboard. She is damaged and broken ‘ B Webb, from Inagua for Baltimore, in dis- TeNs, 15th: Sarah Bridge (before reported), days from NOrleans for Baltimore. cargo suar and fal &o, and part o1 ischarging; her cargo is b: Meas, 26 mo! bo is in distrees, leaky, and loss of deck lond of molasses, @ischarging her ‘argo which is considerably damaged, and Will have fo be re-coppered. cbr Athos, 16th—Arr Bi fore reported), Langthorn, logwood, ma- aia ow York, cargo of ai 1 be east gd ; “oars logwood, ma : 00) 1p Ares, Toaky, loss of sails aud pome ra. She yi robably be condemned. dith~ Arr brig'S D Horton jallingstond, NYork. 2u—Are brig Jabex (Br), Yates, from 0, yinport brig Devonshire (Br), and Toraado, both up for N ‘ork, Jan 7, 1955, Bark A B Sturges, of Now York, has boon condemned. Am brig Tornado {s taking in her cargo, and will probably sail for New York on Wednasday next. Bark Suwarrow, of New York, also asc shane id, jan We have had no other arrivals from the States last report. Brigs Tornado and Devonshir &e, from Am bark A B Sturges, abandon Jew York Brig Irabella Reed will eanebly, be abandoned. Bark ng. Sarab Bridge, Means, is rej 3 Steamer Cu: , Sampson, arrived this morning from St Thomas, aud leaves to-day for Halifax. PHILADELPHIA, Jan 20 a 2i—Arr steamer M Sand- ford, Sandford, New York; barks Deb Mary F Slade, eth, NYork; sohr Gen Marion, Jones, ef Rich, Horton; W Symes, Dayton, and Sarah Ann, [relan, New Ye tt, Nassau, NP; Mayflower, Lori Kingston, Ja; Geo Mangham, Farrell, St John, NF; Wm Brown, Holbrook, Boston. Sur Tincava, los! Hatteras, has $21,000 insured on her cargo at two offices in Providence, $11,0Wat the Ameri- can and $10,000 at the Merchante’, on to tho rocks near Marble- been carried off the rocks and nt storm, and gone to picoes. f a pal, which remained in her hoid, lies seattercdon the benchy and ie being picked up by the’ boys and others. The parties who bought hor for $450 expended some $60 in efforts to get her off, which 1s nearly # total Joss. ig ‘Whalemen Sld from Rio Janeiro Nov 25, bark Joseph Butler, White New bediord, to cruise. s ne Ship Southern Cross, Howes, trom Boston (Oct 25) for San Francisco, Nov 26, lat 306 8, lon 34 W. 8 condemued; Joseph Max- frum Pernambuco, dis- in bad condition, would es, Benuvais, trom N York. fornia, Mitehell, une; sche R €, would probably be lost. Sid 7th bark Kanawha, Marsball, NYork. peetnour—Art Nov Zi bark L & A Hobart, Hodydon, Bos- on. Bania—In port Deo 16 brig Chattancoga, Norris, from Richuond et 0. via Peruambuco, disp Berk Delewa Claggett, from Baltimore abt Sept 16 bad arr, go and proceeded tu Rio Janeiro. ‘auDeNnas—In port Jan 10, among others, brige Crocus, x Cork, to load 400 hhds motasses, ‘at $5 per bhd; Chactes Heath, Car: Glide, New York. Louies, Eaton, Shields, jarriman, to commence Idg for Boston ith; ‘brig Sarah, Grito, for dod or 6 days; sone Ley Whetbam, ton, N CONSTANTINOPLE—In port Deo 2 steamsiip Wm rex Codman, tor Balaclava soon (is running » regular Vetween the twe ports); ba from bostom via Malia for Balaclava immedi EMARARA—Arr Deo 16 bi ‘ape Fear, Atherton, Jack- eonyilic, & sail for Toraseo a1 Ls G1i.Ascow—In port Jan 5 Ostervald, Jarvis, for NYork, ldg; Faine, Trofr:, for Boston do; Br brig Clare, Cowaed, for Vcrtiand abt ready. Sid trom Greeuook.Dec 23 Tadmor, Bowie, San Francisco; Jau $Jobn Fyfe, Lawton, do, In port Investicator, Clements, for NYork lds; J MeKen- ale, Tilely, for NOrleans do. Ginpavr., ‘In port Dec 26 barks F Bunchinis, Cook, 224, for ’alermo 27th; 8t Andrew, Coker, ‘8. Bark Golden Mirror, from Marseilles for brig G W Russell, for do, haa probably sailed, n port Dec 30 bark Pampbylia, Rice, fur Palermo 7 days, Heavoxrst.uvs—In port Jax 3 Danish sche Bille Brahe, for b tb ry winds, a NF—Arr 1 brig Vivid, Crowell, 8 mn, Searle more (eid Nov 7), id Sept 29 ship Uracle, Kauiett, Shanghae. 1a port Deo 22 ship Pauline, Colburn, au ; brig Chatham, Maruy, for Boston soon. SI (ot 12th) arks Empire, York, ‘York; 14th, Ids, Freeman, poston, brig m, Balt I Marac Boston Hampden, Jac! rt Deo 27 ule, Nickerson, Philadelphia, do; Revival (Br), do do; © Urieans, do; Clementina (Sic), do do; Sic sear Kie, tor New Pilladeipiia; 28) ehtp India Young, N York (oetore sepoge! ep u Young, N York (vefore rej To Saxon; Sullivan, and Macthe 4x a—In port Dee 20 barks Formosa, Ryder, for Bos tom 7 days; Gay Head, Green, and Voluntoer, Mayo, for de lig. | Sid Math bai Valeri i m0. brig Elica Bargess, Saow, r. br Reporter, Berry, for Bosten, it Dee 23 ship Essex, Welsh, from for New Orleans. BOSTON—Cld Jan wW steamer City of Boston, Baker, Fbiladeipbia; ships Syren, Allen, Sau Francisco, Lorease, Marwick, New ‘Orleans barks Yi th, Freeman, Eas; Ha 2 ig Henrietta, Norris, Mati re Julia Anna, and Lemartine, Mill, and rt ; brig re 5 torent Boe . Aly < pasnelle, Marte, {ies Cusaingbam, elitax san ie). 1, Weer BRistOl—are jan 18 sloop James, Borden, Fall River for on CHARLESTON—Arr Jen 17 bark Gen Greene. Thom: fate ol ir E ids Tyee, Lad Cid Span pal ita, joy, jarcelona, dott Cals, New Urlonus; Remere, Wateuk. Havaene 1d hip Sullivan, Niofa, sSTPONt eld Jas 1d sche Belle, Goes, Baltimore; Sah brig William D Shartz, fake, York. JACKSON VILLE—Cid Jan 8 sohr John Mart, Smith, Bow CHIASPORT—Sid Jan 6 brig Mary Means (new, of Jon) New York ORLEANS—Arr Jan 14 ship Therese Below, de 5 . Laas, Sai Watts, Liverpool; ‘Gulare. Dennis | Alberta (Br), Cameron, Glasgow; Lrign Wilh Miller, Cork and s mki, Paques de | jolas ibarceions, Towed to sen Sth, snips a Jan 19 bark Gom, from Philadelphia NEWPORT—In biladel; Washburn, Leet, WIndios for Beiohels for Boston; bi sobre Te ‘vbn Tyler, Wampatuck, Silver Cloud; jore reported rr ceo | others be incetown for lignbeth, Lord, Providence fer Haveua; E Dudlog, Bristol for Cardeams: Minerva, Givens. Pall Rtrer a tloope JH Bordes, Collins, Mristol for New York; Sarah, Prisbie, Teurton for do PORTLAN D—Art Jan 18 Bj ule, vie 2 ee