The New York Herald Newspaper, January 10, 1855, Page 7

KNOW NOTHINGISM IN MASSACHUSETTS, [ ermentna. Execllency Henry J. | tothe two Branches of the Legislature | Address of His shall according to eur own judgment and the example of our which give any clerk or inferior alien with the ity of American cttizenshi; ‘é Bogren; Jens 9; 1886. A time-honored custom requires the Executive, at the mencement of the ical year, to present his views recommendations to the Legislature. Convened as you are in accordance with the. article of the Bill of Rights, strengthening and confirmin: »”? I have every confidence that wi those duties by honest, thoughtful Spey hs ous al bole, invading the privileges t of investing uirements of the 22d often @ mockery of sworn tered in a manner not consi fundamentally modified. The practical for naturalization is a and a depreciation of the dignity and jc maturalizatien courts should be greater centres of the or commissioner, reside in each—a public officer in into and sift all applications— its sessions should be public and at stated he ings on apphcation notified beforehand—and the whole process conducted with stringent care and guarded with Legislature to consider whether constitutionally done to apply there clerks of our State courts and to our ice courts of record. Three of the most vital princi, government are spiritual freedom, a ith these we cancot fail to hi im ters, and they necessa wise government. tism, a fettered Bible, or, and sectarian schools, our exist but in name, and very soon but in Recognizing, to its fullest extent, the right guarantied the preamble to the constitution of Mas- God in the manner and able to the dictates of his own con- it the most sacred right that can be to |, the determination to protect that privi- jege in all its purity is a cardinal doctrine of truly Ame- rican statesmanship. But while no religious denomination, as such, should be opposed, every citizen should earnest! the intrigues of those who would perver should protest against he dared obligatory, should be anees, for correcting, obligatory, Jaws, and for making < iH iti: val citizen: tow sect of nove:—wise, and nerations. State and na- ‘ich most natu- pulation ;—the duties of its dangers from them. The most prominent ‘ticn at the present moment, and that rally commends itself to-day, and in thi: ‘tention, concerns our foreign republicanism towards them, Ene im tion to this country w From 1810 to 1520, Frem 1820 to 1830... the strictest circum: And statistics show that durix 1850 to 1860, in mill'ons of aliens With this alarming decennial ratio the astonishing statistical facts that nearly four fifths of the , two thirds of the pauperism, and more than spring from our foreign popu- alf the poblic charities, more ‘than half the prisons and almshouses, more than half he and the cost of administering criminal justice, foreigners—the people demand of their states- men, and wise statesmanship suggests that national and lation should interfere to direct, ameliorate, | these elements, 80 far ‘within the limits of the constitution. culiarly propitious for the develop- ment of this great American movemert by the united In the gradual disruption increasing ratio, nearly four bly be poured in upon us. of increase—with ent, upright and intel insure a just, im; their opposites, spirit lation—that more th: sachusetts, “of worshipping as it may be done 2 eral resolution of these bodies into their individual elements; when old issuea are ob- solete or dying out, the individual, freed from the tyranny of party, naturally reverts to the great primary principles of our government, and to the sentiments and purposes of its founders. The remark- cle presented to the eyes of our \d wisely jealous of their nationality, ation in the ten years from 1840 to the whole previous influx since the orgauize- tion of the republic, progressing too in an- equaily in- creased ratio since the latter date, and probable Euro- pean convulsions threatening a steady augmentation of this flood, tend naturally to attract and bind together ithe people in one united national, not party movement. It in @ great problem in stateamanship wisely to con- trol the mingling of races intoone nationality. The domi- It is the only It is the compact of the incoming Legislation must co-operate with time and cir- cumstances in working out this decree of God, this axiom of political philosophy, this theory of nationality. To dispel from popular use every foreign language, #o great a preserver of unassimilating elements of char- acter—to print all public documents in the English @ alone—to ordain that all schools aided by the state languagessto disband military exclusive foreign political dema- ‘aders of insular agrarianism inental red republicanism, whose trade here is of their deluded eountry- ze foreign feeling themselves to the and ennoble the carefully guarded the union of should protect all one church control, or attempt to control, the Sta mis antagonistic to the princip! ‘An alien may foreswear his allegiance to the foreign potentate, and may take the giance to his adopted country; but, when he has been taught as the fundamental truth of his religion that «piritual obligation overrides mere temporal and tion, that his duty to his church is higher uty to the State, the danger and probabilities are, that he will use the privileges of a voter, not prima- rily for ihe benefit of the State which granted them, but which, in his judgment, is supreme public liberty. above the State. Believing these dangers and probabilities real, it ia a so to restrict alien franchise, that, while en- tire toleration is granted others to wors according to the disctates of their own judgment, we pre- serve the same right to us and ours untrammeiled and unendangered. ‘The present Kuropean immigration is dee cial to the fair remuneration of American chanic, the artisan, the agriculturist, daily sutfer from its influence. There is no statement in political ethics more palpable or fundamental than that honest industry should receive its due reward. ip their Maker use the same companies founded on and developin, yiepaihies—to diacou: the broken-dow: ‘Those who hourly competition of alien labor, depreciated under the taskimasters of the Old World, and schooled in modes of existence there 80 univer: sal, properly believe that their owa, as well as the in- teresta of thefrepublic, demand that ‘their elective fran- chise should be exercised for the protection of American the self-denials a: to put themselves at the hea men, to organize prejudi and morbid pass highest partisan bi elective franchise—to adopt check list throughout the nation—to cultivate a livin; tionality—to develope w high anc vital patriotism—to Americanize America—to retain the Bible in our common schools—to keep entire the separa- tion of Church and State—to natior ralize, and to educate before either—to guard against citixensbip becoming eheap,—all these constitute a work transcending the ordinary platform of party, and ranking with the great moveznents that originally found dder—to purify In the series of privileges and duties granted a legisla- rominent than the opportunity to labor—none either is more fre- overlooked. ‘The corner stones of the American republic are, the birthright of suffrage, umiversal educa tion, religious freedom and paotection to labor. The report of the Secretary cf the Treasury, recently transmitted to Congress, shows that our importa, have exceeded our exports The profits oa our t period have reduced, esormous baiance of and energetic ize before we natu- during the past year, twenty-six millions of dollar, exports ani frieghts during in a trifling degree only, t indebtedness. Thirty-eight millions of dollars in —over nine-tenths of all our recelpts’from Cali ofticially reported — have passed through the country, in transitu, and en shipped away to pay for .mported products of European lavor, and the interest on our European debt. ‘This vast sum should have been kept here ae a basis of healthy business, aud as a more general sub- stitute for small bank notes, our present circulating It has been said the times are propitious for the suc- cessful prosecution of this great work, All who are friendly to these vital measures should remember that, if they fail now, they are lost during this generation, Unanimity of purpose among ther ‘advocates, and a patriotic sacrifice to duty cf partisan yattachments, alone are needed to ensure success, \ity with which citizenship, and its fran- wished upon forsigners in’ this country, clearly tends to lower the tone of American feeling, to che: the value set upon its privileges, and to dea'tlen jaal spirit and the pride of country. Tr nations at present, nor the recorded ex- | Fagor) of the past, afords us any parallel, and scarce; ly an perhaps fer ever. Had this golden gift of Providence been retained at home toenrich the American artisan and tiller of the soil, instead of hay wandered foreign luxuries ana the products of alten ation, doubtless have enjoyed prosperity in every branch of ‘industry, instead of the threatened depression and distress which now alarm the should this day, a In the elevation and splendor of Athenian Chanceilor K:nt, the privilege of citizenship was con- sidered so distinguished a favor that it was granted ouly ‘by special decree of two successive assemblies of the then alone to signal worth and reputation. Io arlier Cesars the freedom of the city and mpire was given with a sparing hand; but the line of ucceeding corrupted and destroyed salutary jealousy of the right of citizenship, by ex- teadipg it first to the whole of italy, and finally to the entire empire, composed as it was of an until the national , the distinctive national prejudice and spirit jwere dissolved, and the State perished unser horde of foreign barbariaus, whese warlike invasion aflords al- most the only historic paralle! in number to the peace- ful and issidious foreign influx to our shores at the pre- In England, a a ee the po? gal European governments, citizenship is couferred only by Elect of In the Continental nations Our remedy is not so much in legislative enactments Itivating a feeling of patriotic nation- ality, and a united dete-mination to encourage tl skill and industry of the American labore ming the home products dithe shop, the 1, in preference to and tariffs, as ino le, and Boe snes of the degenerate empero tl ried fabrics and for which wecult. must .be the ine a@ truly American sentiment peyér, when cata nponio ism and crime, nd of right ehyub!, act of parliament. are still further limitations, witness the profuse libei tof citizenship is bestowed among us, the slen- that exist against its unworthy or fraudulent he it int hands of those who 8 those who it it, der the pomsibie consequences. ‘oment there is necessarily ca Here the adopted citi- invested with both the right of choosing and being chosen to office. Not only must he bé-an elector, but he ‘may be, and often is, an offi alization tends to denationalize, to Euro} Amer’ ‘es., The universal record of historg teaches that all re- publics that have risen and fallen owe their destruction influence, unseen at first, permitted tu! too resistance, at last fatal. ign influence was keenly felt by the ‘early fathers.of the Republic. Washington, in language alike the gravity of the sul tesmanship, repeatedly warns his count: ‘Deware of it. The writings of near!, ed coutemporaries, of every shade contain similar counsels, This was at a period when few and «mall, steamers ui e old world was quadruple t of whom were ship, authorition, to relie ° support, or from thgir crimes, andeth 2 y To # republican gantic evilkare ized or unjust. x It bas been stated tl of the ovils and dangers within the exclusive aS aa of national ers, can averted through the State government. If thie duty is lett but partially accomplished, bil iatrusted to additional nat |, We negiect a us. the days of the Revolution, has among the foremost in ‘all taea- is once more permitted er sespen: b Massachusetta, « seen accustomed to be ures of rational progress. to take the lead in that legislation believed neces: etuate religious and civil privil ‘n her boundaries, the one on the other upon the battle field of Lexingtor 1 recommend, then, to the carefu! consi Legislature, the following measures — 1, That amendment to the constitution, which | year passed one stage of enactment, prohibiting th version of the educational funds of the State to the es. tablishment or support of sectarian schools. 2. The power to repeal or modify the naturalization confided alone to tb States; but while Congres The danger of fore’ m, both initiated ‘lymouth Rock and and his own saga- n. ideration of the ships were comparative known, and practically distance from us it is now: at a time, stream of immigration was 100, imperceptible in com- with the ocean like tide that sets in upon us to- at atime, also, before the alien element in our elections had become so important tuat the foreign vote (had been bartered for office acd honors, and now on ‘this side, and now on that, had once and again decided who should rule the destinies of the American re- 8 of the United ituralizes, each State for rescrives the qualifications of all voters within , for national as well as State officers. amendment to our constitution of the elective franchise to al ualified by naturalization, until they have States twenty oue years. 8. As a common school education, or its equivalent, is necessary rightly to understand the duties, and to be ate the privileges of a free- man, I recommend a further constitutional provision, to the effect that no person shall be permitted to vote who cannot read and write the English 4. [recommend an amendment to the const'tution, so that no person shall be eligible to any office in the gift of the people who shall not bea ance with the previous su 6. The honor of the American only to those who are born on the rotection; they alone can justly be required to vindicat it official acts then will be, uires, by the advice and mend, therefore, a: bibiting the exere! lie. Times does not permit me to quote the names of the Jong line of distinguished statesmen who have given ut- terance to similar sentiments, as this danger hae more clearly developed itself during the half ceutury since intervening, but I cannet forbear mentioni ity and words of our own Webster. He said more than n years since, in Faneuil Hall, and in the presence of jsome who now hear me, ‘There ia an imperative neces- sity (or reforming the naturalization laws of the United States’? competent to properly ap Were those patriots with us to-day, coald they witness voter in accord- the more imminent danger now existing, wo feel assured hat their voice of warning would be jubled earnestness. Acting, then, on m: believe our rights, these causes, but yearly growing more alarming. distrust foreign tagonistieal to republica {voters controlled by alien leaders for office and honors, \ignorant voters led by designin, and li¢epse for their wro The alien born who bas lived among forsign and institutions, however honest and well disposed, can- not be competent comprebend the genius one born and \ertizen can vote for his the few cares country, until_ne has lived twenty one years under the 4s anil influences of our system.| familiarized with its workings, but aware of its This period of life being one when the intellec jo most active io acquiring information, and the facal ties moat facile to adapt themselves to the circumstance around them, the whole ti os. raised with re- flag should be confided conviction of duty, I express le of our Commonwealt One of my ear! if sanctioned, as the laws req: consent of the Executive Council, whom you will select, to disband al! military companies composed of persons of foreign birth. 6. I recommend to your consideration the expedien citizens from military duty. should be deemed insufficient to meet the designed object, 1 recommend forbidding by Jaw payment of the State bounty to any military com~- y which has enrolle! among ita members persons of 7. It bas already been stated that two thousand pau- pers, of alien origin, are this day in the State Almshouses, and eight hundred foreign idiots and lunatics are occu- pants of the Stete Insane Aaylums, or supported by the counties, at the expense of the Commonwealth. kindness that our common humanity and Christian pre- cepts dictate, should be showh these poor unfortanates. At the same time it {s clearly our duty to selves against the custom, hardly to be ¢ not proved to be systematically adopted by fore thorities, which empties u tals of the Old Work. yt We should provide for those who, self-support,imunigrate voluntarily, but meet with misfor Those, however, whom cold for a long time of exempting all politicians for place | in your wisdom, tl Y promised impunity the spirit and institations like le must become wn our shores the wo: Aen is spent not in eradicating rences, but in acquiring new ones He comes here at a # acute, opinions he intellectual, po- and religious influences of his native land, ‘Too frequently also the want: of early edulation, and the necessity of unremitting toil, preclude those oppor - | tunities of instruction and common Ee to all ope are, bere within 4g circle of their influence. Looki to the proper edu- py eg s {mportant that at least the jceship and probation should be Tomsdy tes evits referred to ins sauve alike glot evil i# a cause alike glori- for in defending the fan- ublic we must be eo- or calamity here, with tive av already biased by bite of thought that our make this duty shall place it in but those who tive, wot merel 2 the hands of the nocers: period of | required of the ftamental principle workers jose who laid its corner stone; NEW: ‘YORK \HERALD, is often called on to toil fourteen or sixteen day, There are to his sole j it fulbens the ‘ower of der or sing heavy of indemnity, and of adjusting the commu- tation tax thousands of higher or lower on a this board is recommended, of cargo: reorgnization it to be composed of pipe and ‘as a check on one ani rr. —— . Sa ceaR ee tisk? an ‘pers is.one all vipers unable to labor, and havin, within ‘the State, were taken charge ot towns where they happened to be, whi ceived from the Commonwealth forty-nine cents per week for aiulte,. twenty-eight cents for children, and iscretionary remuneration for A Gy ree years ago Islature dec! change the ‘oven; at to erect State almshouses, where all alien paupers should be sent and provided for at the cost of the Commonwealth, Dduildings, four fend were ready for occupancy, an additional and the cl Us The chief benefits of the new system are, the separa- tion of foreign paupers from our own American poo! constant conflict between the town and State authorities as to the amount of com- pensation, which led to numerous lature, and the waste’ of much of Its greatest defect, besides the large outlay for the necessary® ands and buildings, is the greatly increased cost to State of supporting their inmates. The ex- pense to the community, however, may not be greater now than before. ‘he additional cost, beyond the r capita paid by the State, fell on fo , but now the State treasury ithout deciding the juestion whether the change waa on the whole, desirable, concerning which there is great difference of opinion, it is certain that the new ayatem should now be fairly tested. to see if any legislation ix needed to improve or econo mize the new plan. The rej of Inspectors will be laid before you at an early day, and will doubtless contain valuable suggestions. The cost of the new almahongses has been $241,753, The edifices are poorly built, faulty in their plan of construc neediul supply of water, and, unlers a ve outlay is made on them, will be in asl ruinous condition. They are no credit to the state. ‘They have no suitable workshops, and from twenty to thirty stoves and furnaces are situated in each main buil , Pendering the danger of fire very great, Industry should be rigidly enforced onall who areable to perform even the lightest species of labor, both for the benefit of the inmates aad to reduce the cost of their support; whether agricultural or mechanical industry wuld mi the Legislature will deter- and the avoidance ot sho fices b; out a shudder, Your judicious but decided action on the { subjects thus briefly stated will necessarily be yond the limits of Massachusetts. gislation of other States, and, to some extent, influence the proceedings of Congress itself. our army Americanized, our navy nationalized. We wish the restriction as to birth, now applicably to the office of President, extended to membors of the Cabinet and of Congress, to the Judges of the Supreme Court, and to all our diplomatic representatives abroad, We desire a vital amendment of the naturalization laws, and a uaiform requirement of twenty-one years’ residence in the United States before the elective franchise is conferred upon aliens. We wish stringent national laws regarding immi gration, the imposition of a uniform and sufficient capi times that «um. The most sinted on, enforced by every check and restrictioa your wisdom may deem desirablee Every advantage of market should be taken in purchasing suppli suggest for your consideration whether advertising for or the appointment of a purchasing agent for tions, might not be,desirable is reason to believe that the average cust per week hia been considerably enhanced by circumstances natural atfirst, and that it can be hereafter materially re- pro} all State instit duced. But partial means of information have been within my reach during the limited time at my disposal. plainly spoken my present convictions; and it jd, they may de modified by further in tion, Irenewedly recommend the whole sub support and occupation of tue alien paupers to your es Just to pecial attention. The average cost per week to the State under the old system was about forty cents foreach person, but,for the first seven months under the new.it has been nearly tures tation tax, and the universal deportation of ci and paupers shipped to our shores. reforms can only be consummate through an American President, and an American Congress sult. man. They appes: aloud from our prisons, jails and hospital wailings of our lanatic asylums are their yoio drain our treasury and swell the long catalogue of pau- ih are universally pecism and suffer asa legitimate object for deep attention of the Iawgiver, as well as Court, a tribunal that has e just con \- provifoneof'the present anti-liquor law, lanthropist. jealously guard each and e Fassachosetts. “ While we acknowledge our fealty to the constitution and the laws, the oft-rej real danger to Our ears. While we honestly eommon duties evoked by the articles of confedera' we will preserve inviolate the State each sovereign member of that eaeateaey: With fra- ternal feelings to all her sister states, and filial devotion to their common parent, yet with acknowledged rights that they be maintained, tnere and « determinat! stands Massachusetts. Of those Ye the two cardinal ones are the habeas It is submitted to your deliberations whether additional legixlation is required to secure either of these to our fellow citizens. lously avoid such action as asserts or looks to the maia tenance of any rights not olearly and constitutionally ours, but weave every safeguard you justly may round those primal birthrights, older than our national birth. day, and dear as its continued existence. corpus and t Lelegrap about G, Clary, ©. 8. Me Asmetant Sa) H. Watmo Major N. 8. Steward—Philip Dillon United States frigate Cumberlant, Commodore String ham, and steamer Saranac, Captain Long, were at Genos 16th ult. The United States steamer Massachusetts, Captain Meads, from Norfolk bound to Sau Francisco, and the | United States brig Bainbridge, Caj video for Babia, were at [io Jane! The United States entered St. Thora: pipes. Court of General Hefore Hon. Recorder Smith —Patrick Carroll, an Irish man, wes indicted for voting at the last general election pot being a citizen of the United States. The case tried at the last Sessions, but the jury could not agree. Jax. @ Megat Voting Anault and — James for stabbing Francis Holland, with a knife, of the 18th December last, io a Dutch the comer of Aun apd Nassaw streets, Bo Tralland rave provocation. wave le the defendant, justified » fi by in the Penitentiary Burglary in the Third indieted for burglariously enteri ot Angaste Schmidt, Centre street. found the prisoner in the room in In May, 1854, the ee valuable tine, tains the #hole, It ig also our present duty of the various Boards ventilated and heated, ym, not provided with a ainly be attended to, mine, Sufficient workshops should be parate buildings for cooking, th sufficient for laundry purpose: rovided, and so- which might be nd to heat the main edi- y steam, might, perhaps, prove true economy. No one can think of & conflagration breakin one of them, filled with six or eight hundred per- sons, many of whom are aged, sick, lame or blind, with- It willaffect the lo- id economy should be in or not. The notion circuit and interming! by the Senator of Mlinow, Your harmony, judement, and firm adherence to principle, must nveith ave no inconsiderable in influence hastening this re- ing. ‘The first section, io of the Senator Minots, Theybu Court has inéreased to such an extent, that the Circuit service must be dispensed with, or appellate duties at the peat of government tion, ita retained for | gated submitted! an amendment to that end @ trial by jury. rial of Compan grees to authorize the Heeretary of the Navy to station « steamtug permanently at the mouth of the harbor of New York, for the preservation of life and property on the counts of New Jersey and Long Leland, to proceed at « & moment's notice to any point designated. Referred to Committee on Commerce, Naval Intelligence. The Cnited States frigate Constitution, bearing the broad pennant of Commodore Isaac Mayo, was at Porto Praya Noy. 15th, discharging, the storeship Bounding Rillow, of Boston, The Constitution was to sail on the ‘ith of November for Madeira, touching at St. Vincents for the mail due on the 224 of November. The Consti- tution would return to Porto Praya in time to meet her relief, the United States shi February. Officers and men (W if from Boston that the Comstitution sailed ‘ov. 16th for St, Vincents. } List of the officers: —Commodore—Tsaac Mayo. der—John Rudd, Lieutenante—s. F. Hazard, Dove, Satuuel Larkin. Fin satown, expected in Lieutenante—C. R. Fleet Surgeon—! Delaney. Passed Assistant Surgeon—Jobn |,. Burtt Coleman. Purser—James Marine Officer—Captain and irevet- iron, Acting Master—Colvilie Terrett, Commodore's Seeretary—Llewelly n men—E. B. Potter, Win. H. Dana, Wm. L. Bradford, Hneas Armstrong.’ Guoner—A. 8. Lewis. Lewis Holmes. Saitinaker—Wm. Bennett. awain—Evra Chamberlain. Cobb. Captain's Clerk—W. y Clerle—Riebard Reardon, Master's Mate (actin Collins. Hospital Steward—Jobn y on—John | cont of pure! | the lance Hunter, from Monte 16th November. loop of war Falmouth, frotn Norfolk, eaking badly; crew liad south west the 26th De all well: had"commenced caulbing ed in heavy weather on the coart, and southerly gales. The principal leaks were supposed te be under the counter, aud forward about the | amendment com ¥, JANUARY 10, 1 THE VETERANS OF 1812. DEBATE ON THE JUDICIARY BILL THE PACIFIC RAILROAD, SPEECH OF LATHAM, OF CALIFORNIA, &., &., de. THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS, BECOND SESSION. —— WasnincTon, Jan. 9, 1855, Senators Houston and Morton appeared and took their seats. Sundry bills were received up from the House. General Cass offered a resolution that the officers and soldiers of the Revolution, now in attendance on the Convention of Old Soldiers, sitting in this city, be invit- ed to occupy seats on the floor of the Senate during the session of their convention, Passed. THY VETERANS OF 1912, Mr. Surtps, (dem.) of Il, presented a petition from the soldiers of the war of 1812, praying that the Senate pass the Bounty Land bill now before them, Laid on the table. Mr. Coorxr, (whig) of ’s., presented a memorial from the Academy of Sciences, in behalf of Dr. Kane, of the exploring expedition. Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. REMUNERATION TO TIN OFFICERS OF THR UNITED STATES FRI- GATE CONSTITUTION, Mr. Cayton, (K.N.) of Del.—I have been requested by Commodore Stewart and others, officers of the United States frigate Constitution, to ask a remuneration for the loss occurring to them from the capture of the Le. vant on the 10th of March, 1816, at Port au Praya, by a British squadron, Referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs, RAILROAD AND TELEGRAYH TO THE PACIFIC, Mr. Doveras, (dem.) of I1l., presented a bill in favor of the construction of the Pacific Railroad, and a colla. teral magnetic telegraph. Read and referred, RMORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY. Mr. Smetps, (dem.) of fl, from the Judiciary Com mittee, reported back with amendments, the bill for the reorganization of the army, and a moved that it be printed. Agreed to, TI BOUNTY LAND LAWS. Mr. Bropuxap, (em.) of Pa., presented petitions from the citizens of Cumberland county, Pa., praying for an extension of the bounty land laws, Referred. THE JUDICIARY REFORD NIL. The Judiciary Reform bill was then taken up. Mr. Gever, (whig) of Mo., moved to amend the bill by striking out the first section, Mr. Dawson, (whig) of Ga.—Do I understand this to bem test question as to whether the Seuate will ag to change the judicial functions of the Supreime Co Judges, Mr. Frawteyon, (whig) of Maine-—Yes. Mr. Bent, (whig) of Tenn.—It is settled on all hands that yomevhing ought to be done. My judgment is in favor of the representative aystem, and if practicable to allow the Judges to have that leisure which the bill of the Senator of Illinois contemplates. It is the popular view of the subject that the Judges sliould tn some mien sure be made the representatives of the feeling: of ,different sections, I hope somo plan will b> settled upon wherein the old representative sya tem of the Supreme Court will be preserved. | The proposition to strike out the first section is to test the sense of the Senate, whether it ia in favor of dis pensing with circuit services of the United The de tirely impracticable. the it the preme Court Judges should be relieved from circuit duty. Mr. Berm (8, R.) of $.C—The Judges are rejuired to perform duties inconsistent with holding their er cuits, Senators say thatin this circuit the Judges ua dibe poy Jftiqppudense.-b mach prefer that ney Muoeld Tie i inthelr braries. Gentle. me may indulge if they please im fanciful theor though in thia respect I tind their theories in the Bena'o chainber ary saucliggodifid from tlioge they eappena ost- it fide. 1 int the increasing bus, of the central A) have the who ‘tention. Pal the 3 cannot do clreyit duty. nerea, judiciat dutlen, tha conn iaceh bey at ate fi He pmo d me ni oa cont to not t! necessities of our #0 en A a as that Tt If too Inte ol jet Da uta be Fe 5 mney compelled it ‘tutes the acquiescence of earlier Jus settled the eation. I want the present ay stem |, because it secures: something more than peper Judges, | Still, some a is needed, which perhaps we may accomplish by givi appe Date juriadietion t> clrouttee sedated fer Rusk, (dem.) of Texas—No beneiit will be texas from the rat Dill She has no ain in favor ing the local jud #0 45 to leave the Supreme Court umlistarbed ia thetc attention to tha a; ite jurisdiction at the seat of ovemment: | Lean gofor the fabstitute of the Sens- from and shall vote against striking out the first section of the bill. ” Mr. Geven reviewed the whole ground, and thought modifications might be made which would’ allow judges to perform both appedate and circuit duties. Mr. Bavorn, (Ww! of N. C., opposed striking out the ‘or of some fuch plan as that winens of the Supreme Mr. Cisse thought that if the cireult services be abro- the number of Judges should be abridged, and Mr. Boriek objected, remarking different sections of the court would be dissatisfied, and the result might be that most of the Judges would be taken from some one section of the Union Pending the discussion, the Senate adjourned, House of Representatives. Wasursotow, Jan. 9, 1856. YROTE TION OF LAFR AND PROPERTY OW THR COAST, Mr. Wireuee, (dera.) of N.Y. presented the memo- Chamber of Commerce, Marine Insurance and the merchants of New York, asking Con- MEDIATION IN THE EUROPEAN WAR Mr. Arery, (dem.) of 8. C , asked loave to present the memorial of the Charleston Charaber of Commerce, sug. gesting that a tender of mediation be made by this gor ernment in the European war. Mr. Ware, (dem.) of N. ¥., objected. A resolotion waa , terminating the debate on the Pacif Traltroad vill ob the 16th inst GRADUATION OF THE PRICE OF PrRLIC Laxps. The Houve took ap the bill amendatory of the act of Avgust Inet, reducing et Gomme Dad price of public lands to actual settlers and cultivators Mr. Dawson, (dem) of Pa., sald that Iatt session the Homentead bill was sent to the Segate, who evaded a di rect vote thereon by adopting the substitute of Mr. Hun ter, ywhich would inure more to the benefit of State railroads, speculatorsand capitalists, than to cultivators By offering the amendment pending he sought to restore the principles substantially of the Homestead bill, w parsed the House by such # large majority Inst nennic in order to avoid constitutional objection: to charge fourteen and a half cents pe n place of free gratis, the amount to o y ina rich + the Humentead bil! orc li yre the country than now. i benef cial etiects whieb would flow from its pavaage in a na tional, odividual, and social condition Mr brommwan, (whig) gave notice of an ing the benehiin of the bill to natives born, aod pereans new matura lized Mr (sPHELL, (free sail) of Ohio, moved thy Will and amendment be laid on the table. isagrerd to, 66 aga n+! 98 Before dieponing Of the subject, the moraing hour expired 4 ALD OCCUPATION OF SEW MEXICO A¥D OTAN. On motion of Mr, Jomm, (dem.) of Tenn., the Commit- tee on Military Affairs were instructe! to inquire into the expediency of extending the armed oveapation act to New Mexico and Utah, with » view to the suppression of Indian hostilities in those Territories TRE PATTI PALMOAD MILL ‘The House went int Committee of the Whole on the Pacific Railroad bill. Mr [arnam, (dem.) of California, arose and said 1 Mr. Chairman, t sey 9 few words upon a xu! eet not only to my eonstitaents, bat I trelierr to country, in favor of the bill exteblishing « line of mail steamships between fan Franciaee sod Fhanghee im China, touching at the Sapiwich Islands and st Jepam, Lam aware that the State which | have the honor n part to ot hes been looked apon io this House aod im the ‘e a & Constent applicant for wgulative favors, anda taz upon the United tater California bee ny ansume that the importe of opium imto Chioa ex gage throogh the trop ceed the regular importa of dutiatl one hundred per cent, and that twenty per ceatof the | coset ane pot « opiun This bese been the stated by Guta and New to the capac Empire) and the Cb the inter above quoted, giver the acconut, as follow an the i Woolen and cotton goois cee ANSI NE eles or ot four 0 Opi seveeeseecers WTI wet tely, counting boll ———— | ward parragen, By the Nice ragua ro Tota . + ++ 805,000,098 | Git fapther sbbrleped, and vt Or (n rownd numbers, $96,000 000, All the exports from © oil be again cous yt China, exelorive of eyere silver, fell short of eighteen | the trip ‘rot New Orirace fave England, $18,080/000. | buauiejec route can be re the natural course of thiege of our imports from Chins te other precious metals, the ra) ine: may carry a portion of the British and cation hetene ‘the eas and weatera shores of this | ports into China, and we may discover continent, the opening of Eastern Asia to our commerce, | Consu: for the Chinese markets. the emigrant trade from China, the conclusion of u com: | scneumption mercial treaty with Japan, the witation of the San cumstenced than the Britiab, wich Islands toward our confederacy, and the new lite | dicate that eur commercial now springing up im Australla and the Oceanic Islands, | bie of bein mpro mark as dis an era in the human race, aad | In the fret ourewn p hiust lead to os complete o revolution in the | gre jecrearing a¢ w far more ray moral, | religious, | and political condition of | Knglaud or any other country. mankind, as Was produced, four centuries ago, by the | sor increased | and exports me. discovery and colonization of this continent. It wasthe also te the China trade, aud thus discovery of America and of the which transfer- wy, improvement is secured. red the seat of trade from the Mediterraneas tothe At- wer, from the advantages of our lantic States of Europe, swallowed up the Italian repub- ition, to diminish the distance bet lea, and gave, first to in and Portugal, and sudse- | Chinese raarkets, to wpread quicker quently to Holland and*| ind, the wealth and power | intelligence aroong our merchants foanlting from navigation and ‘commerce, But the dis | atiantie ecaste, and thereby t covery of America uot only transterred power from one | similate tastes, and meet the de European State to anether, it also changed the relative | pots in advance of other nations condition of the people, Wealth, which at that time al- | our powor, with the dimluinted most entirely consisted of lands,’ the exclusive rate of freights between (i sion of which, by a few nobles, furnished the basis of | }urope not only able, feudal tenures aad a feudal aristocracy, found an equal), hereafter, tort m+port goody between 'these counts potent factor in the accumulation of the precious metals | cheaper anid quicker than they are now carried, bu and the vast exchange of products travelling from hand | to ghi ip articles whieh wou'd deteriorate or oo : to hand, which made their owners nlepeadane, rich and voyages. In this will, perlaps, con A ‘ul without the possession of lands and tamements; | yantage, aud, fourthly, we have anew ‘enter. po diminishing, in the same ratio, the power rise——the passenger trade from China to and of the nobles. It birth to a class of wealthy mer- abe Caliterpia te Ohina-oponed to us, and ate sure to chants, navigators, and traders, to which subsequently | retain it almost exclu-ively, If our merchant were added manufacturers and bandicratta 98008 | pers use the rane degree Of intelligence and wate! struggled for ond obtained political power. wo-call- | ness on the Pacific that is now gaployed to seme tae ed “middle classes?’ of Europe owe their origin almost | trade on the Atlantic, between ‘urope and tl ry ly to the New World, with which history, by # sin- | States, I now propose, Mr. Chairman, to treat of these e! parsed from feudal aristocracy and slavery, to | givantoges inthe order Ihave named them, Our popu- the emancipation of the laborers, The conquest of | ation may now be computed at 25,000,000, and will, at India might bave given Europe an oriental cast, still Of this century, reach in the neighbarhood of « further subdividing classes; the discovery of America, millions, without approximating « ratio of den- and its Sigantic colonization, opened to all classes & | pity that could impair either our capacity to Import field of dy enterprise which invigorated both | from, or export to, foreign countri ‘Apxander Yon the old and the new continents, The new | Mumboldt, and other writers on Ameriea, have ited World gave to the Old World first wealth and prosperity ; that the Minsiseippi valley could comfortably feed and then political regeneration, and, tinally, a new social de’ | olathe three bended millions of people, and it Ie mob velopewent, improving the condition of individuals, | bresuming too much to allow & hundeed millions for Now, ] maintain, Mr. Chairman, that the occupation | Prepi a tie tue, and rettlement of California by our own hardy pioneers | then’ without in destined to have the same influence oa Avia, and all | jiich'ns wll uedoubte tly b the people bordering on the broad Pacific, which the dis covery and settlement of the eastern shore of America hodon Europe. It will produce an entire revolution ip the commeree, trade and navigation of the East, fol- lowed by a complete change in the moral, religio political condition of the Asiatic, with whom exchange our products, our wealth, and our idea pe have been the wi Hi but, in view of the al y, of nd in the onoly nation om earth ue pombers will, im the ¢ourse time epproneh and surpass those of Considering, at the ) time, try ix an Ia ir CT tons’ an dive vided, ah of China.’ we bave at once the largest Lavia for owe Iuerean- tounding devel | iny trade, and the greater (ell of operation Between fornia—within leas than a ¢ | mind and mind that was ever afforded to two aneh extem- | sive branches of the human family. On one ede ie the | oldest civilization on earth im rontable enstomeaged science and the employment of such powerful agents as d elo: tricity, the changes pro: in the East ed through the ni of ages, avery high, will be #o rapid and so marked by thelr consequences aa to p stationary degr nlustry, and gremt fond? come within the sphere of our own observation, and to | jogs of com purenite, line i ‘ever, by im- enure to the advantage of the living. For the first time | perfect navigation, titi rnilere and a ineldedtetertortty in the history of the world does a geople ot Kuropean | jy yhiphuilding. Ont cour) side of the Padi origin—not « handful of adventurers, but a whole State | iy» comparatively new hat enercetic people, coupling the embodying all the arts of civilized life, ani partaking of | strength wnd elasticity of youth with the gravity and the highest political organization—wieid power oa the | experience of past & comtccios and babite @yeriant- shores of the lacific—tor the firat time doos a great na- | ingly changing, great jity, setuality and adapta. tion trade from shore to shore o@ that ocean. The | tivnto the greatest variety of human pureaits, aaeout road to India, which Columbus and his followers sought | ing actiy ty of mind, serable industry, great when they discovered America, ia found, It croases our | fondness of com love of the detan ad continent~it is ours from ocean to ocean, subject to our | » native element Kill whieh th alrendy laws and open to our enterprise. Never in the history | ctretehie the trident of Britain, of the world was there a greater mission entrusted W | Can wed 7 4 more youthful and “energetic papple, combi ing | gnully ir in so eminent a degree the patience and endurance of | gtatistica to co , With the venturesome spirit of the mer- | | Ail the. elem nd the martial daring of the sol Unity of | whic intercourse Guage, and organization, give momentum to our | trade with half the pe «i consequence to our acts. In less | tinle’ 1 believe rot have risen froma handfal of coloniats | Ching but co p fabriow, principally cloth amd wii t nation, taking rank with the and ginseng Bot who «hall aay howing a law of areas and a China J alwoye be lenited to theme ar- . ts. the ultimate te which daz: be tothe contraband trave in opium? Tam ware view the imaginat: I in thin | thot ftimnot an eaxy matior to maanfaetare poode for series of improvements, ttled and only have the Chinese themselves attained tructified California treasures, a very bigh degree of perfection in all fabrics of a fhroug verce of the world, stimulated enter: texture, but w ‘ , and given a fresh impetus and new direction te esm of Kuropean emigration to this country. If growth of America has astonished and stupitiea Eur the unprecedented developement of the wealth and magai fieence of California hag suprised dagsled even the | United States, Accustomed, ax we are, to view with comparative indiflerence the unexampled history of oar Fastern and Western Btates, we still lack the standard inon to measure the quickening process of wealth ywer exhibited in our new empire on the Pacitte If it was the most g and enterprising Kuro; who came to settle our Atlantic ab ate from the Atlantic to the P certunly not among the most sluggish of our own race, or unwilling to aseume new obligations, growing out of ion of private and public life. our Atlantic borders now ite laring to a the laboring habitw, that th with them be ry. itis hy machin Hritich mand= have been euabled to undersell the fabrien ares, even in india, so they are new to sell ther ini ven to China, | Our manufacturers aren people, cling to There is no such ine thousand yeare ago, place! la possession of the wun +) work, he could j What ' bie trade, and find the gaine Lind of customers. Stil) it romaine to be seen \ whether in clove coutact with us, aud with Ruropeans, me West advance with | they will by able to conMmu those bavite whien with ssion of adécalé | them, partake of the substance of religion Change na. At thin rate | Abvir’ religion, or rather ther idolatry, aod you will substantially to the power and Change their habita, The Chouem pave always been the uence of the cont racy but promise a quick and Ne | suert civiliend peopl of Asia and overrun only by Tare retura for every bas a ve favor that Congrosa tars, were the more 6) to albere to their eld rules think fit to bestow, Mr, Chairman, Mat Oat) oc ite, their custo HOO, as their conquerors forma and Ureg6u are destined to re-enact, on m | themselves atopted th canons of staterurpahip. agnificent scale, the part which Egypt playedin | jut the very fact that the Chinese do not ebange thelr the history and civilization of the Old World, and that | fag) ions as it more envy for us to manu- Hue Eranciaeo tx to be the modern Alexandria "throuth | facture hivery an {abvies would whidlthe wealth of lodia is to be poared into our lap. hb Besepeam, were An the Okt World received its civilization from Egypt, a0 Lo sae, mad that the will a new civilization, seience, and the doctrine of ‘the turer ie thereby eure of being tiewt in living Go, be carried'from the Western sliores of this rape continent to re-wnimate the # int races of Japan, China and the Inclan Arehi Commerce is a greater fertilizer of the human intellect than war, and a better messenger of the religion of peace than the clag of swords or the roar of artillery, This bill, wir, if it pass this House, will go far in aiding us to fol oar try which oo other legislative volving no greater appropriation of to soscenplial in so short « time that will not, through ux, benefit every other State in the Union—to commercial adventages that shall emanate: te senevoun not equally promote the t f the | pants, or paten Rs raat ~ Atlantic see shore, and abso | \anten, wannere and cup tame, ant winpt our fabrics to lutely mecessary to preserve that bond of fraternal union | them. Thin iy the way Enytand does wow, wba this ie the between all the bt in the cause of our | way the: I nivernal Yaukes Nation «il @o wheaever thei strength and the tal rosperity. | Jove of enterprise | be eimulated by « ressonable 1 will not bere detain the committee wit! elaborate sta- | prompeet of success. | have wo fear that the Culgese tistics of the comparative commerce of England and the | willewer manuiartule by roschiocry, Thelr dexterity United States with aud the Kast Indier. These | js wholly confine! ty macun! labor. at almort eativaly have been furnished by other persous, and may be con- | excludes the iden of progres» lo eeouamtey #0 thickly sulted with advantage by those who wish to obtala ae- | pettiog that the px wil a © horees end curate information on the subject, The reports of the British House of Commons and of Congress furnish all the required details. 1 would here vbeerve, however, | that adi statistics of the Cpe trade, whether Britixh or ovrown, must be taken with ® grain of allowance, a# the official returns im all cases are intended to deceive the Chinese government, and to conceal rather than to reveal the teath tw the tr commeanity. Thas, we told in an official report made to this House ’ imports in to China in 1844, amounted to oods, cotton fh p from India; and the uegled into Chinn 40, $20,000,000, Of pour: mere guess work, while the former only thi whieh was off tom House. The catrmereial »t&tis tics of little or no value whemity munt be admitt producti prise f Inust not expect t eerve am empl ctore for Chins, vite imitation of By 4 time before Chicken ou biitish accounts, consivting of wooll atone tres ae mawitold: bat I shall content mys with those whnel 1 eye elally free our pow We approseh Japan ead stern comet of Aww from the Paciic comet, without doubling ihe caper as oom, theretere, we « dleset Use Of commanwation shell b establiched between oar At- iMegitimate or smuggling trade @xcesde the | be ecihe ecg Comete, we will avOM pot only the by several millions per annum, and when the o y |e for ‘continuing that trade can only be eetimated by the | either rerqurees of a comparatively unknown empire We | thee aud expences, am shall probably be not far from the truth when we | grticien of fright » articles by at least © to be ehipped to OY wiggled into Chima is on Amerionn xcconnt. — ports haate as te paited in par rities on all grub are tae better inf than the Mendari The elvil w " eral un Terti\orien, a@ “eer f apon ibe carth. The nuggle 4 Atlentia parte tw Obi ot Geel Moya uty thouseu an u s A*piowll, (om 100 Loa sated mailer up pidly om the increase iy wn the Sreighte a American vessels, aad the fmporte | and for Ceiness oon. yout ie, indeed, reduced tow me ourage the 1 tool rapid redueed ty bankruptry It bas net the power to pre nagging. «huh l carried om by araned venaets, ets and euper we A whiew distribute beth + of opiom and the Ber iptures: and with the coger A (he people to bay the poem, the which reine the country i sure to the fortune of fn Cor vente with Ching le yet in fie infaney, we chiefly export thither cot lan geode—which are acknowledged to be of @ | whirl |! 1 ” wope octore aod better quality than the Englivh— | the prov of thin DILL there would tom am rew cotton, jew! ant gineeng let Gur whole expert | from 6 werk to len days ower Ue reich srbpen. Senay fo China aime 4 Witte over thirteen hunired thoa- Pat we tee nek ow well ‘lars cod very nearly the ame amount f apecia ; the exports from Chine to the United Mtates te aval) biswnell¢ favorable marker oO teaat Tie | be formatie! ott the Amariene 9 | the fret ween ant Ot metehewtle © rove (he Brat. sgt mat! te -onterd ie baye it io ® M eagacity to buy ei pot eee (hat the guickaese wth with Chine in eaeh fo renpeia | toutes lone any ‘mapreve Cheer Mf the projected Pacite HailrosA coatly, O8r navigators me. } distance from Fan Francie we iva days? Woet, f ioe eutierreseves Wlegreph