The New York Herald Newspaper, January 8, 1855, Page 3

‘NO.. 7. _NE EXTRACTS FROM OUR FOREIGN FILES, ‘The Know Noth and Census of the United ear {From the London News Dec. 22.) ‘The United States apvear to be on the eve of be- coming a second China; at least «uch is the infer- ad by the letter of oar New York cor- Bence 6 Fespendeaty which we publish todsy. Toe Ksow Nothing policy, as he describes it, cara to be | weither more ‘nor less than one of tie periodical turns of tide in popular opinion. Too mach was for time expected in America from a large and indis- it en emeut of immigration, and now en are running to the other extrema. They will come right in time; ‘bey will discover that the re- sources cf their immense an? richly-endowed coun- try are not to be developed by aiscouraging immi- pao. aud paralyzing trade; but they will profit the leseon experience has taught of the danger ieee oats, eM James ae can ly know anything of Ts worthiness for its exercise. The free instita‘ious of the United States may resent few barriera to keep the people out of po- litical blunders; but ta compensation tiere are no barriers to prevent them from backing out of any biuuder they may have fallea icto. Tuls isthe se- cret of the robustious bee tn of the republic, There is this, moreover, to be said, wit: especial .refer- tence to the Krow Nothinge, sha: they appear to be purifying the morality 0) the polisical atmos hereby jiscarding the mere stump ora‘: on ths one hand, and the wily, wiry, profess! nal politicians of Washivg’on,on the other. There is a freshness and novelty about American politics which con- drast strangely vith the m-ro'onous stereot; oe ofthe Old Worii. Know Nothing the Eastern States—reckieen passers and eman: cipation from all the decorums ot si vilized iife in Oa- Jifornia—Mormoniem, wita 'ts valga: uvinteliectaal Fuperatitions, and keen, tenacious hold of the goods vof this world, astride of tue mountain range which two regions—what wil! come of the juxtaposition of such hetecogsneoas elements ? Simultaneously with the curious and importan’ letter of our correspondent we receive an interest ing statistical document from America. Professor | De Bow, of the Cousus Bureau of the United Siates, has pubiished an append x tothe census of that country, from which the following fa ts are culled. | We take the liberty, however, of changing the Pro fessor’s figures into round numbers, as being more \g avd more easily remembered: the s3archer after complete a curacy must seek elsewhere. The whole free population, then, white and colored, na- live and foreiga, amounts to abvut 20,000,000, of whom 17,750,000 are natives, and 2,250,000 foreign- 27%, Or, at & rough approximation, out of every nine 41e@ persous one isa foreigner, We gather from other sources that the slave population am uota to some 3,C00,000. As to the distribution of the foreiga Re ion itis Loss than one-fiftisth of the free popu- fat! in the South, about oae twantivth in the Southwest, and oce fifth ia the middie States. In | the Eastern and No. thwestern S:ates cho proportion ta about the a o’ the wile Union. Since 1820 about 3,500,000 foreiguers have arrived in the United States; and during tue last five yeara at the tate of abo 000 a year. As 4 contrast to tals, it may be observed that the emigration from the United Kingdom, bet ween 1821 aud 1351, amounted to 2,686,747, ona between 1341 and 1851 to ua wards of 700,000, In 1800 the namber of free mies above 15 years of age ii the Uaived States amounted to about 6,400,006; the statistics of taeir various oo1- ~ pations are before na. Under the he d of fat ranged about 2,400,000; Isborery amountin 1,000,000. There are above 5,000 soldiera, 70,000 ma- riners, 32 00 hoatmen, 2,000 boat-builders, 14,500 | ship-carpentrrs, 2,000 pilots, and 1,100 riggers, As to literature, here ace a few'selections:—aathors, $2; bockbinders, 3,414: booksellers, 1,720; editors, 1,372; nowsmen, 200; printers, 14,700. As todrinks, tiere are about 5.500 vark-epers and 4800 brewers aod distillers. Colt, Borieacd H bbs, lead us to look ap <u smiths, cutlers, bell hangers, acd locksmiths: — elr Numbers are reap: ctive'y 3,300, 892 and 2,100. Lawy “woe unto tiem” wud t> thou country! ~ reach we give the exac: figa’es, having the fear of the law in our miad. For me.ising, we flad apothecaries, 6,000; chemists, 465; eurzeous, LOL; physiciacs, 40,500; bs bera—shide of Eveulapias, we ask your pardon, we will not mention tuera here—let us ward off your anger by inserting raz: & number easily recollected. And now we may Verture to sey that bsrbere amount to6 000; and consluering 1: the number ot mate adult cuas must be some six wi!/ion4, including those of 6 aves, we have @ borber to every thonsand hair-peoducing obine; thereforw, as few Amer caus who casa pay a barber shave themselves, we may croc uve that the beard movement ts going ahead. Clergymen stand at 26,50, snd professors at 950. fsere are 522 cotion msanufscturers, aud nearly 11,000 fas- tory hants, 6,000 spinners, 9,000 fishermen, 5,000 florists aud gordeaers, 619 hunters, ‘frappers ead rangers. Thero is ao trade the neme of which begos with K. [Th teachers Bmount to 29,500. T. ere are up wards of 10,000 to- Daoceciete—thas ia, sbout ove to every 60 peraone fit to semsumee their own amoke. Taoee are 935 Aypusts, end very good tiey are. es and State officers amount to 10. count, ed tova officers to 12.500. now «0 beg our reste a’ kiad attention, sad if possible their explanwtion, a3 49 the myst: occupy tions of 6% sale s*us makers, apg 514 stevedores— the latter net unaoown iu Eog aud, bas quite un- known to any Eeghsbman of our acqasinvance. Sioncillers ave the fewest, there being only 4. Lastly, but incest cartain of doing a stable hasioe +s, ero 49%) undertakere; end if we take tae proportion of annual deaths to the population at 3 per cent wo ehsli have an underteker to every 1,490 ceatns withio the yoex; ori? ali woo died were bucied by nudertakers, aud all undertakers were eqnally em ployed, eacr would bury about four bodies a day. Shaver oding is pot cousidered an “occapads: but the numb: r of masters h rg one, five, &c., up to 1,000 alaves, and above, is given. There are abou ,500 sleveholders in aul, of when two hold above 1,006 saves, uine hold bet weea 500 and 1,000. The hotlers of one slave aie 63,820, aad those who have between one and five slaves ae the Moet rumorous, being 105,683, Each master holds pn tho average naive siaves. ‘The land uncer cvitivatson amounted in 1550 to 115,000,000 acres, 31,000,000 daciug Tadian corn, 5,000,000 cottoa, 499,000 tose 400,000 sugar, 175,000 rice, 250,000 beicg vineyarde, and 20,060,000 pasture lanes The value of the w Gucta for the year 1854 is exvis million poucds aterliog, or exsc ay st 1,600 milion dollars. The value of the sg tent.aral products in in 1849.50 was 1,327 million dollara, the cotton pro- dueed in that year betog valued at 99 raillion dollara, fobacoo at 14 inition, hemp et 5 mit rive at 4 million, m lertes 2.500,000, maple sugar 1,700,090, wine 440600, wheat 100 millious, elk cocooas 5A; live stock, ever one year od-anuaal pro duction, (not incladicg negro bavies, we suppose.) taillion dollars; saimals sloucntered 55 million dollars; and poultry 13 milion doliars. 8, however, we Flop; or, lead of affording % délasse- ment, we sheli be becoming ® bore--tue worst un criminal character there is. Btrnggle between rest (Frem the London Shipping te, Dee, 9.) We teck occasion recently v direst attention to the growing cigposition of American policy to ia crease its outiyii wersions in various quarters of the globe; and while Great Britein is-arandos- ing its former eolonisiog principles, tie United States government fs daiiy adding to ity po itical Btrepgth and its commercial relatiovs wita all con tries where the poiat of tue wetge an be inserted, either by diplomacy, force,or treaty We havyenow # [resi attempt making to monopoliee the trade of Basti, and by fomentiog the iatarval civi: distard- ances by which that ilae istaad is rent, to bind it nitimaly to ‘ the banner of tue stra and stipes.’ ‘The ulterior objects are pretty viainly enunciated in the following letter fiom the Dominican repub- Ne: hh and American tnte= rt Shi Sr. Domtxco Crtv, Sept, 24, 1854. It is well understood here, not only’ in official circles, Dut among the public fn geueral, that General Cazneau, the United States Commissirner accredited to this part of the Island of Hayti, or, to speak more explicitly, wo the minican Republic, haw succeeded in ig for the Coited etates the right of establishing ary aud ne val depot Pnorthern coast of the island, Suc ered oseentially nesoxnary for in: n of Cuba and lorto Rico by force of armie efieeted, thei o doubt that the Do iM aleo zed and cunnecte! to tand to be, be th the Union a« # sav that Cube shall be di St. Dom’ ele ihe «pang eral Carge' ating talents of is diplomatic lady. 9 cially to lavish bribery among th officials African Republic Here are descrided valcabie rresions, snd aa tm prrtant tresty, which contemplates tie wholesale apnexation to the United States of tiree of the duest islands of the West Indian Archipelago, out of which “four additional alavebolding States” are to be carved. The corresponaens dee got he ed any words in predicticg the c nsummation of eta dove matters. Other American politicians de- aire to recopnize Haytias an 1m tependent American State, in order that they may buve a monopoly of her trade, wud entirely clothe her people with Ame- rican cotton. ; As is very truthially remarked by Sir Robert Bchombargb, the Cousui appoiutead by our govern- ment in 1549 to virit the territory of sne Dominioso republic, and to examine its features and case vii ties, principally with the view of introducing or ex- tending J'titiah commerce there:— ree centuries and a half have passed bow planted the proud etandard of ugh the lulead of Santo Domingo is scarcely 4,000 miles from the coasts of Europe, and is surrounded by a cluster of islands, fur tue most part thickly settled by Europeans and their duscentants, its physical features are as unknowa in Euro; they were when the great discover founded here the first Ku- ropean colony in the New World It may be well to give an outline of the political and commercial position of the island, Hayri is di- vided nominally betweea two * governments— namely, the Dominican repubiic atr:he east, uader the government of Santana, as President, which is under white preponderance; aod the west, woich is exclusively under the black domivation of the Eai- peror Soulou jue, There is, however, @ third party in tho centre of the island, almost distinct trom either. Hach of the three parties has about an equal Bare of she terri- tory, but the Haytiens, under Punatin, lave two- | thirds of the entire p. pulation, viriousiy estimated at one million to one million and s quarter ot goals. Central Hayti is white, witn a dasn of Iodian, ag Esstern Hayti is white, with a dust of Africa, aad, more than any other of she islund, it chorishos an TROON ng atred of tne Haytiens of the Empire. In every quarter the inhabitants hava before their eyes the ruins of thoir former prosperity, and every fami: the negro invasions. They are af*sid even of a pysi- tive peace, aud tree intercoarse with Hayti peoper, lest it might lead, as it did one before, to a union of the whole island under % colered goveramsnt, For eight or ten years b'oodshed and civil discord parity: apd external commerce necessarily suffered. 474 million ds of clayed and 934 miliioo pouads of Iiuscoyanoy, of coffee, neariy 77 million ponaas; and of cotton, 7 million poanda; and of indigo, 930, 000 pounds. Itsexpors of sugar Las entire'y ‘searad, and its exportable prxiuce ot coffee has “decliaed more than ore half. Tho grovth ot cotton and in- cigo has altogether ceased; and, wit) the excastioa of about 14 million pounds of t »ydace>, 9 million pounds of ginger, and some dyewood4 and othar | small articles of export, sie staylo produse of tre | isiand has been fast falling away. Peace, order, and industry it do much to revtore the commercial | prosperity, for which there are all the existent ele ments of sac ess. The Britirh commerce with the Dominican Rapub- lic is stated to have greatiy increased sine the es- tablisoment of a consulate taece. The principal ar | ticles of export are timber aud cree odé—namely, | mabogany, fustic, logwood and ligeum vite and from the north side, tobacco. O #ing t> the absnace of accurate charts of the south and east coate, foar cr five British veseels are annvaily lost there. Tue open it, | and Monte Christo for export only. The caaryes | for vessels entering these ports a'e moderate, and | we bave @ commercial treaty wich the republic, | plaving us cn the most favored terms, It may be well to describe ia detail the locality which Americans sre said to have obta ned. Semana Bay sets up at the east end of the island, | between pe Samanr en toe north, wad Cape | Raphact on the south. It is forty-five miles long | and onan average twelve broal., The Island o! | Samana, which lics on the noth of the bay, is onited | tothe mainland by a low isthmus covered by the sca at spring tides. It is low and awampy, and on that account pearly unindebited. Tae Bay of | Samana, within the reets, affords sea room to the largest fleet. The British Consul, ta this joarnal, and inthe Nautical Mogazine lost year, gave & description of, and some neefal suiling directions for, atd other ports of the republic, | The river Yerva, the targest river of the Domini- can Republic, which fads iato the Bay of Samina, ‘waters a very fertile plain, some fifty wiles by tuiety wide, and flows for upwards of seventy miles | through the beautiful valley of Vigo Raat. [tis aa vigable for boats drawing five feet fur thirtesa | leagues, to within a few miles of Cotiry, A sundy bar, with little more than four feet water on it, at | the entrance of the river, prevents the passage of vescels, The amall town ot Samans does not oossess a population of more thao 2,000 soale, of waom about 300 or 400 4 mericant emigrants of color and their progeny. The place h. en converted into a kind of pezal settlement by the Doataican | goverpment. Seven yeara ago Licntenavt J. Ovans, MR. N.,sta‘ed that this bay would prov. sa exoellont tr oporary of refreshment for sto york employed tn tho conveyance of mails and form 4 gress ec jutaition as a steam packet etatior In the hands oft probably scon be net improbe! to CisLuse oF b potrecsion of it were desired, and perh urreesonable terms. Profiting by these hints, the Armtricany have se cured the pl wichmon (he addeo) li would ea deigattal pi aod it iy Hytiens aight bs in tuor The Anatr Treaty and Prasstay Policy, {From tze Paris Constitutionael, Dee The goverrmenta of France ant Bagisud have pu ‘od the clauses of the treaty of the 2d of De cember. “the text of this important docamen is confined altogether to the circle o stipulations and anticipations. Noze of tho apouryp ai arti- cles mentioned as forming part of it are t. bo seen: there ia no stipviation r-quiring eituer the demo- ition of certain fortresses, or the ores on of ¢ te, or the limitation of tio ships of war day to navigate the Bleck Bem Ie my be thet these diffirent questions bavo siveady been canvassed be tween the contracting po vers, in view of the nego tiations which, though improbab'e, are vot tapos sible, It may be that they have become the object ot special stipulations, destiaed to remain seceat an- til such time as events should render them exe n tor: But experience hus frequently dew stra Guring tue last two years that when the a main of conjectures and provabilitics is ontared on, there is every risk of falling into error, Tae most prudent plan ia,consequently, to alte for the pre: by the text of the tionty agit is koown; th of which, besides, jastify the importance ¥ from the very ontvet, we have aita high significance and g-eat im ra‘d thet one of the firs: res w pl ced the Dennbian Princips'isies anger the guard of the Anstrian troops would be %o leave Omer Pesha’s army at liberty; and, in fect, tha illastri ons (+ eral of the Ottoman teoons nas embarked with toet army for the Crimea, ¥ be will be abl uecess of the campaiga. Th) partare of Omer Pasha became possible only in con- of article t#o, by wai tho Cabinet of undeitekes to prevent, even by force, tue Rerman armies from repeaeiag the Pr ‘Tate ow pagement,and the immediate conse ewichhws followed il, prove that Austria tw tranucly dia to place herself in the Rastera qaeetina eid I ce ard Kogland, should by ef events to become in ner f& bel ss Russie: for, in fine, ¥4 e army ot aaother Power. the reason evider ia that slo foreseus that ee eventuality might coeur, and ale Knows wel! th lo tlet caste wor Diust follow; ao tet Auetriaa cepts at present, by the mere fact of tu-s\ipulations otarticle 2, the possibility ot a war with Ru arising outof the affair, “That is a9 trae, bey that tLe possibility is indicated ia ervivie 3, imue diately atter the engagement of Austria relative the Danubian Princtpa tt'es, Phe coutracting par twa therefore felt that war wight wrise bowwrean Auwtria and Rassia as the logical cvor- quonc of that engagement; and, io fact.can ius be tbat altitude of Austria with i ebe pardon her arc ent ally for ao act ws neces sities of & superior order impose cn the Osvinet of Vierna, bot which the Cabinet of S:. Petersonrg will conrider on act ot ingratitude? Tne sane article 2 aleo regulates auother imyortan’ point. Hitherto nothing had beea regularly and formally stipulated with reepect to the character of the o:2u- yation ot the Principalities by the Aust:'au troops. present not t he slightest shadow ot donbt cin exist aa to the intentions of the Cabinet of Vienvs relative to this cccupation. It is clearly set forth in the treaty of December 2, and expreasly ] betweeo the contracting parties, uct only that Austria is to oc cupy Moldavia and Wallachia to oppose the return of the Russian armice into thee provinces, but acill more that in establishing herseif there slie bas not any design whatever totowart the military opera. tions of France, Engiand and Torker. Tans tne | allied armies will always fiad all tae prcages open in the Moldo-Wallachian country, whether the | desize to defend the Ottoman empire or to attar the Russian territory. It is evident that here again Austria quits more and more decidedly the narrow system of neutrality, in order to draw clover each cay to the Western Powers. The general charac- ter of the treaty of December 2 is not that of an Cffensive and defensive alliance, entered into with » view to @ resolute and deteradned conflict; bat if we examine the terms of it, we shall fin’ | thet it is concluded more with a view to war than with the expectation of peace. The even: of war is indicated in it as an early possibility: at the beginning of it only oe made wo the conditions of peace is to agree tuat none of the certracting Powers shall come to an understanding isolacedly with Fassia, and to bind all of them to Celberate in comrace on the propositions which the cabinet of St. Petersonrg may make. Kvidently the onticipation of war, more than the anticipation of peace, ia the cause, as it is the object of the treaty of the 2d of December. Jn England the people have ho more deceived themselves on the #nbject than tho Parliament and the Ministry have dons It wey even be said that it js the country which lead on the Parliament, and that it is the Parliament which leads on the Ministry. Not only do the Hag: Ish people not believe in peace, but they do not eppesr to desire it. The preasare frow without of public — jou is eo strong that the Parliamout, without being so indifferent to peace sa the poopie, {s dominated by the unanimous sentiment of the bopalation, whose patriotion ts excited ia the high ert degree against tiussis. The Ministry, in ite tacn, feela the lofluence of this extemal effervencgots, 4 has is own tale of norrora about | have prevailed in the isiend, aud its internal pros | | Hanove' W YORK and it no more dare spea’s of pe ire in the pr-sence of Parliament than the Parliamont dacs oxpross ve- gret et the war in the presence of tre conairy, We | mnuat really consider the t-aaty of thy 24 of Decem- ber much jess a8 an peace than asa preparation for a more efficacious war. That in particular is the object of nricie 5 of the treaty. Article 6 cxuses us to hove for the ap- roaching aduesion of Pruss a, waere some recent have proved that there exiais ip pariiamectiry regions a strong and numerons coastituliona! party which ia in accord with public opinion, ia ordyr to daw the King into the aphere of tas policy of the Western Powers. Does not the «trangs sympathy which the Autocrat cf all the Russise inspires ti the udepte of the Mazziuian school prove that that poltey is the only really conservative one, in the ele- vated sense of the word-—the svle policy which his Sor its object to assure, in common with European | independence menaced by conquest, social order attack- ed by demagogy—demagogy, which was recen'!y the enemy, and ts now the friend of the Czar. PREPARATIONS FOR WAR. La Patrie of Paris publisnes spacial des at sh from Hamburg dated the 16th of December, Haxover was evgaged in reinforcing the army, and epecially the artulery. | | intheevening, stating that tie governm-nt of Tre grates’ activity pre- | vails in the arsenals. Important 0. ders for intactry | ‘be exports of suger {rom the island in 1749 were ports for entry aud export inthe ropublic aro 9eainst the omingo, Puerto Plata, Agnes and Samana; | arms have been made. Piodmont. POLITICAL EXILES TRANSPORTED TO AMERICA. {From the G zette de Francs, Dec, 20.) ‘The consequences of (he treaty of 21 of Decomber | have not escaped the observation of th» Mazzin'- j an party, and the Journal de l'Empire dovcribos the spite sbown by his partizaos. The hops of thromiug Europe iato coafusion wud taking advan- bis of the times escepes them, positively. ery characteristic facts retatiny to it have taken place in Piedmont. It ili bs remembered that in- terpeilatiors have taken placs a\ the House of Ra- peewee about ths probable passage of a ‘repch regiment through the Sardiuian States. The Gazeta del Popolo has, on this ovcasion, pab- lished an article moat vivleut aad andefittiog -evi- dently written under the suggeations of the Italian promoters of revolution. Tae partisans of Mazzint aleo organized a manifestation, and the F aact flag, the flag which ao honoradlydefends the dignity and the inderendence of the modern nations, was to be insulted while passing througa Piedmont. The Picdmontese goverament, informed of this dosign, hes spontancously taken stron; turbers. The Guzetta del Popolo bas been wzed, and forty political emigrants have been expelled from Piedmont ard eent to Amorica on board of & government veessi. WHI the German Soldiers be Mercenaries or Whe Alites of Great Britain! [Prom the London Times, Dec. 22.) As it is from Germany that tae Britian govern- ment chiefly expect to draw the recruits they my be empowered to raise undor the bil for the oniist ment ard training of formignors in Hor Mejesty’s service, it becomes a matter of somo interes; to as certain the view taken by the Germans themselves of tse measure now befors Pariameat, wad of the praction! charces cf its success ta taat conat-y, The contrast which has been drawn by atmos all the tpeakers on bot: «dee of this qrestion vet ween the gallant troops of Kagiand and Fraace and the auxiliaries who may be rated or obtained from Ger- ot flattering qojthe military pride of tae avd it appears to be geuorally felt That before offlvera of High chwracter in furign anpies, or tinea @ho have performed with cradit teeir period of military seve iu their oative land, Can trapafer their services to auother State, thoy murt be satisfied that there is nothiag dezrad:ng in the pysition they are to a quire. ff 1b wera othe:wite, the men we migat hope to enlist would oniy be outcasta or emivrents from their native shores, accepting the condition of mercenary sol diers becouse they have no other means of soy xt ence; and the acheme would be defeated for want of men of cheracter and sbility to carry it effect. When we taik of tne Brooswiekers as Hanoverians who fought side by site troops of Mortand in formor wars, we speak o commanded mien o ghest rank and eration in thelr respective countri i © formati» yoluptece t gia chiefs should be men able toe 2 Of their trovys and the respect of Mort eupecinily is chia the case ta 2, Whore they ate placed in com yoti at foreign vor fon with otaet troops, and have to sapyort the mulitaty honor of their own flag. The sate of public feeling, and, we may add, the e of the law, oa tue contins ave © ed since those a t service wok gl hait r in former tirava the existence of sgch ea of mae wes feitber upcommon nor d mevle. Tae Kons of France had of o11 their 5 Archers, thow [rish Brigede, and th Swiss Gaards, Gustavus Adolphus had his Seotrush troops, aa m Wl. bis Dateh try. At Naples, o U dy of Swies troops has long formed the nucleus of ihe army; aud .be Pops na* bese com- pelted (0 ad ¢ garrieon into Rom he lost nis Mere: pe 3. y¥ in*\aaces rewntly been quoted bate of Germen priaces eho trofiickea in the hi f their sanjects, and told them for their own tee tO the rervica of foragn powers. U Ad constitation of the Germanic empire neo int whatever could be pu? npon this practice, aod it mighs nappa, ag it semetimen did happen, that German anxiliar were fighting against each other oo ofa Burcpean qoerrel. This stare « longer exists iu in ain.ost every rein entistmont has been dtecau law; partly becauay the ra ognia.d bj grcet enepicion 1 ture, enn still more ond ‘ys ‘tonal Jigot m. J Switzerland t) reaign eptistmeat te sted from time immemorial; aadtaue pate Cie families of the principal cantons heid it :o be Lo discredit to their birth aud treedom to eres most phwiute courts of Kare standaid reg erabion pply 0 Idiors ta . oof recruiting wa tied on with the ful anction of the «overt at the tmpoctast changes which rave t inte 1845 in toe federal co ustitution ave eatin bebe in aactent nears ypaoat Hel ve goveroment holies tha sof result foresgu arayea in 8 sonal the veotraity wh diuution, en rdians of hus taroue. io vofederati ‘ kou to probit foveig trom ja the m f thee Tat of ariicle of the Federal Act a subject may enter int co of another confedsrat jofer, of » foreign power. It stands to revson that 20 aruteal Sta'e can allow ita Enbjects to go to war or to take an active part in wa. Letwoen twootler coursies without great i conven € r, acd thatit i# voand preven” © hostility aaa violation ef its neutralty, be principle and tae effect cut oma Foreign B ment act, which prokitits the euljects of the British crown from engagity ia War Without Ue ranction of their owa sovereign bye United State hove a sitar sta‘atoy provision. By the law of France, every Preach o who enters the military service of any furenen Stele derfeite his national character aad his civ i gh) eltogether: and there la a well know cove ot a member of the Chamber of Deputies wir was watented because he was held to be deni ao nized, thongh bern a Frenchman, by havior verved a4 @ midehipman in ® Sardinian fri rst ‘oa Germany, the present state of tole queti> is wholiy unlike what it wee in she tary when the power of many of the «em i ‘ ' wea almost unlimited, aud when tor ( rafecera- tion wea not in existence, Lor’ |) ouoorough compared, the other night, the conduss of sove- reigns who sell tha blood of tovir subjects to ibe cruelty ond avarica of the King of Dahomey; and, if he referred to the practices of some of the German Princes tn the 1th cent: me agree with the noble Eari's opinion of those tra Bot Lord Edenborough is wholly im ho vines that any such barguin cluded at ihe present time; aod if any «6 were mate to take ouch @ step the Diet wou aa inter. dict on the offend! parties, for if it were compe tent to the King of Hanover of the Doke o: Nawan to enter into an agreement with this country for the transfer of a certain number of troops, tt wold be eqostly Iswfalfurthe Kiors of Saxony acd War temburg to promote recroitiog in their diminiows for the farperor of Rusia, The ¢ manqneaes inigit bo that troops or woldiers trained in tue same fede ral army, and to the auine country oy be arrayed om opposite sides in this quar that the national power and the nstinnal honor of Germany would be neutralized or wecridced by oar- Tying on war under any banner but her owe Boch ace the considerations which appear to bave occurred to those (German wrilers who have ad- verted to this eubjnet in consequence of the receut Cobates in Padisment. We believe with Lord Johm Rasead, that in 00 of Kuroye is there morte military enthueisam in Germany, or @ more genera! desire among the peopie to op se immediate etep to anesrly | Measares | the ascendancy of by force of arms. We have invariably expressed the most eiraest desire | to obtain the assistance of the forces of Germany as | our or auxiliaries in tis war; but we canno! expect the subjects of tue Garman Sista bo pliinge into @ war from which their governments atuad aloof, Dor can we suppose that, while those govern- ments assert their noutrslity and hold back {com the tontest, they will or can allow any ovasideradls HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 8, 1855. part of their subjects to take up arms and juin the | ftancad of a foreign nation fo" @ cause they hays not yet embraced. When tha time arrives—as we tr it will orry when the greatest power in Germany is engaged with France and Exyia‘d in taking “effectual means” to accomplian the objects ot the triple éllisice, and when the rest of Germany is more directly pledged to the prosvention of the war, it matters little in whose pay or under what cockade the German troops may tight, they wonid he parang the common canse—snd they cease to be 8 by becoming allies. If the measure | presspted to Parliament for the evlistment of fo ies contetoplates and anticipates that result, or ift ment are in oeenion of maans to gree et to it hy any political combination with | the German States, many of the objectioes urged against it fall to the ground, and we should welcowe | fo onr side the legitimate auxiliaries of Great Bri- tain; cg alee some such pros; “Faleysg Cao appears to us not only objectionable, but imoracti- cable, because it 4: a sen with the existing lawa of moat of the continental States, and because | it would place our foreign recruits in a position | which no man of high military houor would choose | to accept withou: tie sanction of his own sovereign. Napoleon Liberalizing the French Govern ment, | fraris (Dec. 14) Cor-wspondence of London News.] have to-day heard avery curious story —most interesting if trac—sad a story which, although it | cap hardly have been made public without a breach of confidence, wad therofure must bo recoived #ith certain amoun’ cf 1aistrust; I find confirmed in #9 many quarters that I cannot’ resist the belief thas there must be some truth -n it. [am tntormed that an extraordinary council was convoked by the Em- pace on Friday Inst 10 consider te question whether + might not be expetient, under existing circum: stances, to revive tue constitution with a view to ia- crease the popularity of tae goverument by calling | upon the , Affairs. At this councli all tne ministers were pre- | sent except M. Binean, who isill, there were also present MM.Troplong and Mesnard, the Presideut end Vice President of the Senate, M. Baroche | and Rouher, President and Vise President of tne Council of State, M. de Morny, Prosident of tae Corps Legislat'’, and M. Pietri, the Prefect of Po- lice. The Emperor opened the prnotel ings ino | toree speech, which seemed to have been learned by heart. He said, in sabstases, that the gravity of ion to tke @ more active part in panlic | the situation induced bim to ask their frank opin- iona. He believed peace to be probable, almost certain, but it was nevertheless necessary to make | muéterial and moral preparations for war. Hs de- sired to bo udv.sed whether, in cae the war thould go on, it would be desirable to introduce woe modiiicvtions iaty the constitusion of the tmpire favorsbic to the likesty of the tribuue and the liverty of the press, @ wished alao that tre covnel! would consider the same question on the euppostition of s pease being conciuded. M. Troplovg forcibly, and alwost violently, ar pued that no cisrge should bo made. He maia- tained that the safety of the goverament and of society Gepented opon tho mainenance of the dictatorial system inangnrated in Devombar, 1861. M. Billanlt vook the lead on the cotter side. On the suggestion of a momber of the council it was decided by the Eaperor that the two questions he bod pat ahonld be © nsideredtogether, sinos be be ‘eved, on eflection, that tho invernal régime which tle gocdin time of war woald be equally de- je in time of pew Oca division the couse | reeolved, by # ority of 9 against 6, that roms ‘th wore deeirable; tat there was eometbta v mbsra who voted In the catnority Troplong, Foald, Mesunrd, Moray, and M } e The Em ¢ itis said listeved pauienily, 8 hia wout is, t the observations that wete wode, aud at the eud of the sitting thanked tho members of the council for their ad withou’ pivtug ang iuvication of bis owa opiay You will remember that when Lord Paimaraton was tn Paris # romnor wes current that he bed «ggoated to the Nay the ad doabilly of consideriog the question bow husa bo Lave been mo ted at tue council. ton and Batiion of The Bawking Accommo: {From the 14 News, Deo. 18.} The present war seems destined bo correct # great nember of other ha nod opiaions, a4 well a v hocome to ine long om that the pra , oud thoroughly gold ecoking an: a fuimer exemoles it was concluded th ause ogre ot demand fo money, and & orate of interevt, This i aot now the o# ® Iponth of Mey, when more an loan wes wo feyn., the Baok of feed the minianne rate of discount to 54 ~, aving been 5 per cent from Septem! o old opinios was much strcagties © wae again Lom further rivo ia the rate of Later bailion i4 inereastng in the Biok of 00,0001. in the second week of Octet i {1 is 14,006,000/, ard is roe week. It in 1,800,009, lees now tha at th ing of the year, oui it is siso 1.500,000/. more than ja May, and the vrobs bility te vont 16 will tinne to insroase. Th i> re) ma too, though tem 0 arily gont last week, ¢ rout demauds in toe stock ex huge too ears, and, instead wr avving icg Cemsud for money, iwhing. eee flected by ware Js of governments than 7 the f trade. Thuy, trough: ro wromer and 4 nof 186 part of the present trade profit «us large, the of p ' reglity, the detman xr. t and the rate blew ar the rate ha our tennd imor hw’ oi Ss compen quently 1 cont rales le ti tint 8 will tes bo te ryt credit. The t mn , 2 emai! eine, ars aottal owners (iol the property they w ( exchuc x. Pore of it iw owned by the grower or 1 jucera, port of it is im reality o#ned by the govern vert ore taxes ‘tix destined to pay; part of } n> odor it, “ batore ¢ wh, db euy s for oon i et 4 owoed all the exebanged, tuey would be tae mite 1, jnst os the formers would be ow t #y the real owners of al t produce, Apart of toat belongs to thi Jani owner, a pert te ithe owner, a part to the goverument, and @ part to tt ama, OF mer, or mercha: rocsamuner to Lady y berlmas. So the farmer, wh who trata the farmer a Mishacimas je prodace is mercaans ctiuns is always obliged to t | in fact does borrow before he wally what He carries business by disc y é bent, oc by pledging the ood in his posession for ‘vans to bay muse of all the property mercaasts exobsugt and mount of credit they take fs fax greater thas y, five or six times as the ditare of the goversmen ands of treds, aa they Ave & greityr ton the rate of t) than the demauds, howcver large, of nt. - ine ma’ ket 10 * rine In tho rate of bogioning of the ‘ continued througout tt aterewt which took great revolatovary eater part of it 4 not exclusives conse), a8 baa hewn generally seppesed, by the expeoditare of government, Bb t vor loans, and by the vuln 1 ti vith \4 commencenen. | rop * coalvely abate * oe I slorly thome connects « eum, were rapid ly virg Op apd making nual end increasing dy de on capital avd cred. lu cv tion with { and not by itself, the expendivare of the go ¥ mt between 17/3 and Ih15 kept up the + reat, just ae we have seen effected vy a t e ‘on of trade fn 1853-4 Tn the Uniied Btater at + moment is pay iog « tte; ita expendiiur be 129 Of interewt © war. ng eneut there it ard was a the date of the laa dep. that port (Nov. 29,) 1h to 2 per out f froma is Wo 24 per ceut per ancum for’ prions se nwurer Money ‘a pow trom tnres ty foar tim der at New York than fr Looden. T wa obvicns. Im the United Same tre 6 and broking accommodation credit were, throughont the wh le #05 wind the fret six m for beyond rensonebie bur mer i tegen be rot pay th Toe whole sye'em of banking accomin >Jation ex- ploded; the business carried on was far too great for the means of individuals, and ali who ware en- gaged iu trate became flozce and almost deadiy competitors for tae means of coutinuing it, For some time, ihey have been gicing 10, 12, 0° 15 per cent. tor them; now they are giving 4. Tha mor- chants and of busines ta the States, like mea in & besieged ae funishing for the means of Lonorable existesce, aud ready, though there is no war nor governa cemends to raise the price, to give thre or four times as much for them as our merchants must givs in Lombard street. We are tar from saying that the demwwda of go- verninenut will not afvct the mousy market and bs injurious to trade. We know they will affect, and have already affected it; but though great and influential, “they are leas influential and lesa important than the demands of trade itself. Thore ia, Indeed, come probability, aud we would at once ut our mercantile readers on their gn, that the args demands likely to be made by oh on the pecuniary resources of the nation may se- riovaly derange the money market, and Segara all th) difficuities which any disturbance of trate may cause. All the varying expenditure of the government takea place through Bank of Eag- land. Into it are all the iaxes paid, and by it ure alihe government drafts paid. By the varying amouata of bullion in ita coffera the paper clrou- lation of the country. that which tae Ligtaluture has made a legal tendor-—is regulated. The bullion in the Bank ic fluences and'determines the circulation of every bank of the ompire. It is very likely, we think. that the varying and large demands of the government, operating exclusively through the Bank of England, and yoperating on the bullion in ite coffers, may caus? great variations in the amonat 0! paper currency, #122 a® have not been known since the act of 1s44 became law. If such circum: stances rhould arise, let it be remembered that they will be leas the consequence of tbe war than of our foolish restrictios on the trade in money. In tho present reduced circulation of the Bank ot England aver in the hands of the public to be prepared for Le demands of the government, there are iodica- tions that they will arise. By the last returns of the circulation It was £20,427,692, agaiuat £22,238- 201 at the same period last year, avd against £21,748,849 in May, when the minimum rate of dis count was raised to 54. What may be the effect of the varying expenditure of the government on the resources aad bullion of the baok, and on the circu- lation under the present currency regulations, is Jet to be ascertained. The DiMcultics and Dangers of Atlantic Na- vigation. {¥rom the London News, Dec. 21.) The rapid increase and great exteat of comrmuni- cation by va has lutterly led to a considerable nam- ber of beartrendivg disasters, and begotten a gone ral desire}to make navigation safor. 0 now want much to reduce the number of shipwrecks, if it be impossible wholly to prevent them. Almost every ration has suffered; and even the Germans, wlio fe but little to sea, have aa be Ps ts perished by buodreds from shipwrecks, whole civilized world will on this account be grateful to Mr. lreal- dent Pierce for having solemnly referred, tn his mes- tage, tothe great sacrifice of human life through cavualtios by sea. When thus seriously alladed to they arrest the fem altention, and econ gines the motives and the desire to avert them. They Lave taken « great hold of the American mind, and when a pation 0 affected there is probability of the evi! being remedied, ‘The general refusal of the shipowners of New Youk to employ the mate who deserted the Aratio, weo weseven expelled from a ship after he had been unknowingly engoged, was @ good common | pense way 10 #tigimatise pegiect wad cowardice and ercourage Gare and exertion. Toe same good com won tecee has induced the Amerioan menof sci ence to cast abou! sinmediately to tind out the means cf avoiding such acciden'4, They do not think tuis can be scoomplished by # thiag presumptuous igno- vance to give an offiial passport to igaorance al most 6s precomptacus, bat, seeing that collisions are very Ime) the cone? ynence of ail shipstollowlng the game course going ovt and home, they propose toextend, as it were, the laws of the road w the oopan, ond Auegest that ciforent aides of the great Lignway which connects one distant nation or one greet ecapert with another should be tsken as vew th are cog aud coming. bailing vessels, on account of prevailing winds, Lees ant of enc other's track a4 trey are going or returning, bus stearoers al! take the shortes: fine; ond toprevent sh tr c ning Lato collision, it is pro porrd Lont ae 0) come or go ther sheald keep on Ore 6 of thie lite. This wema a ONS Propo at » worthy of being recummende Oe Veswele of all nations, Leutenaat Maury, whose narae 6 8 guarantee for whatever he recommends, br nght the subject before the American public; but the recommendation orl- tiated with Mr. I B. Forbes, of Bosto: fetter addressed to the Mutual Insurance ( of New York, read before the Life Saving vyuleut Association, aud published ia tue New York Courter and Engearer,on the S0ch ult, Lieutenant Meury ‘ays by wavieg vce route wy go and soother to ome, we e#hould paty lessen © liability to ceision. From Eerope to America he proposes thet the rote walling eels #hon be by the preat clecle. a4 now; but that the route of mie ® be corth of @ lin cu thie side, ix theving Sable In Sapoy Hook. Te Grey, be enys, @ Li to the offing of meemers will cor tb, to the offing of meorica to Karope, of Sandy Hook « line, on which fom, will be 100 :ailes ronth of the southe he route takea to go 0 America, #0 that ners Comine fom Amerios vill, asthe rule, poss 100 miles lo the south of stestaers poing to America. Stoamere tak the itd Lave former TONLE we marain eaonga ore in meekoong w at being pinched for sea room, end wold cron t of the ocean, particularly it wert to north of Ireland, very }ittle aby e's Wound in another direciioa. They Incet alone whe western half of toe route vereele b und to and from Newfoundload and h Amesion; but, oe far aa is liee to the east "i founcland, the chances of collisions y tual, Stanere taking the latter to come to Marope wor'd have the Galf Stream r favor, whies wonld compensate for the aie @. Oo this route the fogs, too, aa than on the other. by init N cher and not will we urder 1 by Licntenan Uvewe dif. would not with anal crows Amer pureaing r and wither, they ie . ke to way Maury are propriety ran the vi wae la keep of Ube will the rwarda be i there a vigilant look 5 oul of mixchio’. Leen at the 4% 02 000 alde as egularly fol wrest ad aamern wonld nal in nat it affects an great & Db be sdepted cane one, ad cen coly be pe ayrcd to by w There are other points conne ted with « pation o TAs important as this of ew tule cf the road for the ocean. The great qusatity ot iron pow waed in bailding whips, end many #bips g bull! uf iron, has act ue compa # 4 no longer t was low by H ho Vole. Other disasters have tin the same onuse. Our eclentii: men “ie Laato the moana of res s virtne in fron ships. ewinging ond the use make the errors of a , aud correct tuem, vat the ship ia «bar, of which the m " apge, and tien the comon stiong have bee) ascertains before the dees erringly in « different olrection. Selence hea not yet fomnd a means of crrecting this evil. The only way of lesnening it | to re move the compare ont of the reach of the ship's « have ineu fowod of isola 00 be laclated from the kindred ng in this, it having been » magaotlo influence di- cagnetion, No th ting it, ne» body power of eiretricity, Fal ascertained that the wh Dinbhes more rap than as the square of the cieterce, in prope be compaes (rained wbove the deck ith ala coroyans ahoald tor wu , eho, though now « ar i ret riggeeted Una ‘ LM tt Maury ot or matntop, apd wher top plwe bo mace hich vy wis vt by day, a4 we reed from the deck of the suie art ond sly be rete 51 is required, therefore, to enable 4 steersman on the deck to read @ compsas forty or fifty foot anove his heed. Let science do this, or teach us how to (asleep @ compass fri 1m a ahip's magnerism, and it will to render navigation more aafe. Even ff not sua cesaful, it will, by euch efforts, enhance the ¢eaman’e art in his own evtination, acd make him more careful of the life and pr perty entrusted to his charge. Lieutenant Manry moots another question om which much bas besa erroneously said us — the speed of veesels in fogv. The danger, he saya, is not in proportion to the aumber of Knots an hour asteamer mikes im ® fog, but to the namber of hours she isin it, A vessel waich rags taroagh a fog in six hours woul] be no more liable to a coll- sion with one of a hundred vessels passing thr. it than if she stood still m it for wx hours; aod she were tweive hours in the same fog, either hove to or going at slow speed, her chaaces of would be doublec. By pavsing tnrough w ine short time at great speed the chances of are actually lessened. Much, however, depends em: the wind, weather and nea, and ia calm weather the splashing of the paddles of a swift going maemer ie a better warniug than a steam whistle, a beil, ore gun, to keep out of tho way. These sug and remarks of the piste American naval aut’ are worthy of attention, whie the subject to wi they relate, involving the preservation of life at sea, is now of univereal interest. Af of the Mido Scones, We read in the Paris Siécle:—One of the most at- tractive actresses of one of our vaudeville thoatree was lately «rized with an ambition rer som u0n te Ler companions. Tired of ephemeral triumphs and transient connexions, she dreamt of marrisge—e grand marriage, which would give her an aristoore- tie title and a solid fortune. Poss 00: eble attractions, ahe was not long in finding a goe- ‘ed her ideas. re gt Marquis pre- having 008 tleman who sul’ vented bimeelf, brilliant, sere q a name, belonging to the pure blood of the Fouboarg ®t. Germain, and perfectly imbued with the plifle- sophy of the day, whisn consists im disdaining all | Prejudices. The Marquis was one of those who are not alarmed at the report of adventures, or at the hundred and one names inscribed on the tablete of i apd of a theatrical nymph. He yey Hy thas roe conjugal happine a m ght and to be found with @ woman who had seen mach of Ife in « ehort time; he therefore ret forth his pretensions, and made honorable proposals. “We will throw the voll of mariage over the past,” nobly exciaimed the joung Marquis, The actress wax pradent, and be fore acceptisg his offer she called and mad» duo in- quiries from the notary of her suitor. Bhe wised for nothiog better than to bea marchioness, but ehe had made cousiderable savings, aod did nA foot im clined to place them in an opulent common fund. | The notary completely satiefled her that the Mar- quis bad @ fine income of 80,000f. a year, free of ab encumbrances, and was completely free from debt She hesitated no longer, and her hand wns gre clously accorded to the noble suitor, who de lared himself to be the happieat of men, and expressed his wish that the marriage should teke plese very shortly. “In te first place, however, ané before our marriage,’ said he to ths ao “there is a sacrifice which my delicacy my dignity demand from you. [can acoept f nod past life, but not the profits you have derived from it. I will not consent that you should bring me ee our dowry the tribute of nations, nor the Jowst box of my wife should be composed of the gilts of a crowd of generous amaten | -anrot see you adorned with the insignia of your former folliea, nd back, therefore, your diamonds, insert tions of vente, and other securities which you may neve, Ag to your furniture, sell it, and give the proceeds te thé poor. T wish yon to he atripped of all, like @ re pentunt Madeleine. You must owe to me alone Tortane and your orpamenta.”’ The pride of the Kentleman wes inflexible on this point, aud the se- tress realigned herself to tie sacrifice for whion dae was to be #o amply indemuified by the tide of Merchioners, the 80,000f. 4 yaar income of her hom band, and the promis d spleodor of her wedding = nent. She execoted hia wishes with good grax. furviture wus leteiy wold for the beuefit of the pour, and the jewels atid #ocurities returned to hor old friends, who were nots littl: estonia ved atench am uslooked for restitution; and it is wid that some of the genticmen, who | ad almost rataed themselves with their prodivalities, were well astivied a) the cireumstance, All this waa done, and there ap peared to be notoing to delay the marriage, whem sudden'y the yout ¢ Marquis disappeared without @ word of intimation. Whecher be yielded to tae re preentation hia family or his trioods. or whe ther the whole offiir was for the purpowe of reveng ing bimselt on the actress, or pla iow off a joke ea ber, remoins w mystery. Thi ge of tie doped aed tulned actresa moy be better imagined thaa de ecribed. It le said that abe ts about to commana legal proveedicgn egains. her dooeiver. Tailate whet her ¢otorades socommend ty her, and what the curious are in hopes of.” The Czar and the Actor An setlon brought by the Emperor of Ruste and General ce Guédé M, awauger of the St. Petoraburg theatre, ogainst M. Berton, the actor of the Gymense, for breech of an Cogagemon', was tried on Tasdap 4. the Imperial Cowrt, Parts. M. Berton, after het ing passed cleven years in Rasalo, and being w on engagement foro further period at the I theatre there, obi d last year a moath's leave from the F, choles come to Varia to ore bis mother, who was seriously ill, Ha leave expired on Joly 11,1453, and at the ond of that time be refused Ww rewro to St, Petorsbarg, and wrote to the Crar personally, begging w bs relosend from bs engagement. The sutwer to this letter waa an retion claiming 100 000F. demager. The Tribaced of Commerce, in Febsusry last, gave a verdict for the plaintill, in defanit of appearaace on the M. Berton, ond fixed the Samagee @t 50,001 present preceeding wasan appeal tron ¥ mount. M. Pallet, f nical objection toatl the action had been wroogly brought before tue Tribunal of Commerce, the la- perlel Theatre of &t siurg pot ting « com Mercia! enterprise, bat a selwol of polite mannera, patronized by the Cant. Toe court overrated thie orisl line of argument, ead confirived the jadgmoat, re 10000. dreing the damages, however, to Legal Late ree t ' t ort, revering and evnull Willem Tyeoa 4 States foe io Weyme he decree wanting ae palie Pabom, Ar pea! from ty i" a open ou je it the Unit Mr. Justice rmleeing tt bia Court, James Udell vs suk ship Ouse, tea, ‘ Mr Ex parte Josiah 8 Maflord ant wife ot be 7 prayed (or No, 6, orgivel Par LS Ptafford and wife ve, the New Oriesns Conal sod ng Compesy Ve motion of Mess Hale sot Co areal on the Ite triet Judge of the Unite Terese Mr Justice Meira delve tae a ee ed rule to be + abolute, aad mrarding & pevmywey preyed for Jarwes Williams, Sdamintvtrever, appa pals, Pe ber acon wae coariated by 10 (a error, wr Aloe ree) The Mate of Meritt, com- ate of € The argemest oo tervene lo this cause in butell of the commence’ by Mr Avtrsey Osama Arras, J No Go iruck Of Mame net tod there, O8 + rppeliant, Josten & at 26. Greem ogt oF wef Comw