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THE NEW YORK HERALD. Wasmivatoy, Jan. 6, 1855. ‘Mr. Maxwect, (dem.) of Fla., asked, but did not ob- ‘tain leave, to offer a resolution calling on the Presideat -of the United States to furnish the House with the num ‘ber of persons holding situations in the departments thone appointed since March the 1853, state Ais acne foreign birth. nr hy 2 ye tt ry Of public printing free the benelt of the reaciution ‘pal ‘yafene at eit last session iN Migr Remar gee gl Ao Mr. CunaMAN asked the unanimous cozsent of the personal explanation. It is due to gentlemen, as well as myself, be said, that! should is @ statement in some of the news- atleman of Vir- 5 Bayly, ittee on For- Affairs, the other day, upon the question of offer- of this country to the European in war, Which, as it has gone eut, imustice to mayeslt and other mem- wish to state that ‘House to make a Hl » There relative to the remarks of the the Chairman offthe 4 F mediation Fd # of committee. the committee, two or three weeks ago, very great unanimity, authorized me to re- the mediation proposition, the circumstance juded to by Mr. Bayly ‘was not known to the members that committeo. In point of fact, it was made known me, as well as to the gentleman, only on the very day previous to my 8} to be un tee would not knowledge of circumstance. I when that communication was made, tleman of Virgini received, it would not aeHT £: ss because the members of the commit- ‘waive the right, for the present, to report oa the sub- ee Imay say, that the information does not, my seieeent, change at the movemen g tice to the opinions of the committee, and to myself. ‘The House then went into Committee on Private Bills, passing seventeen of them. Adjourned to Tuesda, Our Washington Correspondence. Wasainaton, Dac, 30, 1854. The Annexation of the Galapigos Group—The Rumor of a Treaty for them False—The Source of the Rumer—Guano Speculators—What these Islands are Worth— Galvanizing Guano Stock—- Doings in Congress—United States Supreme Court. It seems to be generally conceded here that the rumored treaty with this} government for the pur- chase of the Galapogos Islands isa humbug, Gen. Cushing and Secretary Dobbin say that they know nothing of it, and never heard of it till they read it inthe public prints. The Consul General of Ecua- dor, Mr. Palmer, whose position gives him the right to be informed of any such negotiations as those published, has never had a word from his govern- ment upon this@subject. The circums‘ances of the case seem to indicate that this ramor is put in cir- culation by a company of speculators, whose object is to turn a penny or relieve themselves from an unprofitable enterprise, by this false report. Some three years ago, Mr. Palmer, acting under in- structions from the prcper authorities of his gov- ernment, advertised the most valuable of the Gala- pagos group—the St. Charles—to lease for a term of years. He never succeeded in disposiag ot the island in this way, bat his publishing it cailed the attention of the public especially to its deposits of guano, and since that time a company of speculators have been organized for the importation and tra‘fic n this deposit. It is reported that Senator Benjamin ‘United States Senator from Louisiana, is interested in this company. Whether this is so or not, I can- not eis know that he is now in far-off stead of attending to his daties ‘on, expreasly eogaged in either gov— ernment. ite, the American representative in Pern, is also suspected of being deeply interesied in this guano company. This speculative organiza- tion, it seems, has not turned out so well as was roegit ino the’ market without some spec soo. marke! shout some special spe- go about as well oder the Bouthern climes in aa Senstor at Waahin Py Public Dag oc a on feat ort tt ment, Bir. White, cific, would proba! sot So cneer, as Ps Palaze stook in its o} fe the object my comparison, the Guano “Co y wanted galvauizing to make the stock go, the first step towards tais was tne circulation of the report that the Gatapa; fee tor ates, aa: “by this means give them a fictitious value for the Py si stock. Accordingly, the Pana- rs come,out with flaming articiss anuounc- ‘the world the important and special news ‘oup are about to pereane S r. articles. the seat which above all likely to know of such on foot as this, are all quiet for the purchase of tie Gulap te are treating for lapagos ¥ gorevumen’ of whom we purchase are about to be annexed to the United of the 4] tee the Gala; q and of the American Union. 1s suspected of furnishing these ve Mind you, the Quito papers, tae papers af of the ian government, others were the most ot «= Is it =possible if 1 ed i i ans a Having dina sateas tt te exp , sup- Posed, centuries ago; and "iiection, last bat not least, guano can be obtaned nearer home, cheaper, better and more fertiliz in ite quality. To sum the ay Oh Se, od, from the Senaseiie to i Pisesbongts belt wotent lagagos aba f jut ou to catch gudgeonsl wake, Benjatiin & Oo, who wish to_ dispose of stock in the guano trade. Let the Panama papers print this treaty—bogus or not is immaterial—let press generally catch up the rumor and spread it to the worid, and in the excitement of valuable acquisitions of be i fornia gold mines—a Eden, and ail that— —— stock will sell well in Downing as well as Wall street. This is the correct story, and all the trath there is in the annexion. ‘Thefilouse met to-day, in session for about half an hour and then adjourned till Tassday next. On ee eee ae Senate hie bill for the increase of of members of Congress. Nothing of cular i was done to-day in the House. 5 Court ‘youuneay, the suit of Pee tyke eblitin nepal sandr Canton . M.Gitbe and Obarles Oliver executsrs of Rott ‘on the subject. This fact ought robably have acted as they did with a further, that informed the ia that, in deference to the informa- be necessary for him to call the committee to reconsider the subject, for I would all the propriety of, making not fe to Mais; I doaliva taking hae ; 5 proper for me to st e any steps at Rime, ‘This much I desire to be understocd, it jus had been anticipated. change his resolution to one calling on the Presi- dent for information. batch of the interesting correspon: crowds the shelves of of the administration, I Con to be his legitimate offs \BTEBS imate of Marcy still declares eee without the sanction or knowledge of the at Oat inquiry were referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations tor the sole purpose of suppressing for,as Mr. Marcy says, tne President would have been compelled to pondence, which would have created distrast abroad and perplexities at home. gress, and are left to that this Congress reprerented hy the Union, but that it was something real, serious snd extraordinary—bu' thing was the President will not commanicate. tee of Tuesday next, reducing the present tariff. This bill was determined on yesterday, by the democratic government aioe ae ee on ita nego- id be entirely ignorant of an; it would seem in this & protest inst Mexico.” It is in Spanish, and by vee are Ocampo. Incladit Te" 10, = a ciren! ment, in reference to the election, columns. mov follo ‘honk b i how lon; General Car manche 8 few days since, and rumor says he is very soon to head another movement, organized on a new and liberal basis. Bat rumor is not always to be believed. The late severe weather off Brazos Santi with respect to ly of bread. The Fi. a 8u| lag says: Owing to the in i re vented the exhausted their supplies of flour, and quite a pani: prevailed through te tt be wi 4 ibis important doable price. ‘The jautilus, however, with large supplies, will again N #00 set to righta. The folirting tribe tro from the Flag of' the 24 inst.:— The old custom of Bn phe The official sccount de:lares she was never heard out of the Straits of Gibraltar, July 14, ies i Wasurnaron, Jan. 5, 1855. Clingman's Resolutions—Their Debate im the House—Bad Treatment by the Administration— Their Object Anticipated—Our Mediation Spurn- ed—The Ostend Congress Again--lts Paternity Acknowledged—Soulé an Interloper-—Inquiry Suppressed—Causes Assigned—Tariff—Bounty On Wednesday last Mr. Clingman proceeded to discuss, at length, the merits of his mediation reso- lutions, and to show why they should be adopted. He argued that this nation was losing some {fifty millions per annum on exports, in consequence of the European war; and, therefore, we hada right to offer mediation, without being charged with being meddlesome. Again, he contended that the belligerents had expended in naval armaments and other equipments for war, at least $500,000,000, and this enormous amount of capital, he said, was as much “lost to the world as if it had been in the Arctic, and sunk to the bottom of the ocean.”’ This rae ular declaration on the exvrsties Wy ies cecritary of . spg ay . wheo rants of saditional "ioe fe ae h..: would partially re “4 of the country ierowine of the honor- , and conflicts with the views con- embarrassmests by throwing into circulation the amounts appropriat- ed. He ce never dreamed that mone: spent in the increase of our navy would be so mu: capital Jost to the world. This discovery was left for Mr. Clingman to make. I had su; thatthe ep psn des its in this war was £0 much dead capital drawn from national vaults, vivi- et again given tothe world as an active cir- currency. Mr. Gnngman ban been treated yer searily ty the administration, in not being already been tencered to the Hai wers, and oe ben spurned, as I telegraphed you last evening. government had & speech This will open up another which now State Department. After much dodging and cation on the part tand from a reliable that the President acknowledges the Ostend pring; but Mr, that the part acted by Soul’ it, and that Mr. 8. was an in’erloper It also appears that the resolutions of them; furnishing the corres- Thos we are at the end resent, on the Os:end Con- , from the facts detatled, was not “all moonshine,” as row, for the it what that seme- J telegraphed you last evening that the Ways pet A Means woui Commit- briag ina bill on of Congress, in caucns assembled, and is d3- signed to meet the views of the Secretary of the ‘Treasury. The Bounty Land bill, now under discussion in Reet continues to excite the interest of the public. “ child or children” baving been stricken from the | bill, 1t is caiculated that at least 300,000,000 of acres of public under its ope: the friends of the bill. fund of fraud and corruption by distributing it as bounty, in order to avoid the executive veto. By this distribution, too, the old States will come in for a lerge share of the spoils, which would aot bo the case under the Lend Graduation bill. The word “ minor” before the words will be f cciper away . This eer, object of Tt is to dispose of viis ‘ation of the Homestead or In the Supreme Court yesterday, Justice Wayne delivered the opinion of the Court in the case of J. W. Raymond vs. Wm. Tyson, on appeal from the Northera District of Culifornia—reversing the de- cree of the Circuit Court, with costs, and remand- ing the canse with directions to dismiss the linel. The learned Judge etated the law of the case at considerable length, and cited many ancient and modern authorities, showing that in the case of a party, the owners of @ ship have a lien upon the cargo for the amount of freight due, un- less by the terms of the charter party, expressed or fairly implied, the owners hase surrendered such lien, taking in lieu thereof other and different se- curity. therefore, every such case must depend upon its own peculiar circumstances. It was considered in this case decided that this lien had been surren- dered by cordingly. EB In thatevent no sach lien exists, and, the owners -and the Court decre¢d ac- Rio Grande. (From the New Orleans Picayune, Dec. 30.) By the steamsbip Nautilus, which arrived this morning from Brazos St. Jago, we have late intet- figence from the Bio Grande. ¢ Brownsville Flag of the 10th inst. publishes “the late farcical election in by ny ore . res decrees and lars issued by Santa Anna and his govern- it fills four The Flag pronounces it an able docu- Manuel Gomez, Jose Maria Mai ment. In reference to the revolutionary feelings and Lea ahe pe Ag Mexico, the Flag has the aragraph:— m this frontier for the present there is quiet, it will remain time alone can teil. arrived here per steamer Ca- had affairs Tecent rough weather, which of vessels, our merchants had fear that we were to be without staff & opportune entrance of the steamer EE ; : hours of night were rendered hideous ridica- pe nt renee fg ne ane & lot of the political of Mexico, now en; a reft SUNDAY MORNING, J. ‘The Late Sudden Death of the Unknown Wo- man in Rose Street. Yesterday Coroner Gambie held an inquest upon the body of an unkown woman, who was found dead in the doorway of John Nubn, No. 24 Rose street, on the morn- ing ef the 4th inst., and who, it was rumored, had met with some foul play at the hands of parties at present unknown. The evidence taken before the Coroner went to confirm his suspicion of its being a case of poisoning, for from the medical testimony it will be perceived that there remains not a shadow of doubt as to the taking or administering of poison by the deceased. The evidence of -———- Hammond went to show that on the morning of the 4th inst. rhe came down stairs, and entered the passage-way, in order togo to the yard to get some wa- ‘ter; saw the deceased sitting in a chair, while the man Nubn was sitting at the stove in his store, underneath where she resided, This man told her that the deceased came to his store a little after 7 0’clock, and knocked at the door; thmt he opened it, thinking it was his errand boy, when the deceased fell into the store; and thatiaa few minutes afterwards his boy did come, when he or- dered him to light a fire, so as to resuscitats the woman, as he thought she was going to die, and asked the wit- ness what he should do with her; witness told this man that she should go up stairs and tell a man who lived there of the occurrence; several ns then came down stairs along with the person in question; the de- ceased at this time was dead; witness noticed that the outward dress of the deceased was wet, and made somo remarks about the fact, Louis Litterly, the boy in the employ of Nuhn, testi- fied that on the above morning he came to the store 24 Rose street, as usual, and on entering the room found decensed sitting in achair, and Mr, Nuhn standing in the middle of the floor looking very pale, and appeared to be very mach frightened; the woman was groaning and snored a little; hisemployer told him to make a fire, and that perhaps de neal wos getover it; he did Nuhn told witness that the woman came to the doi apd knocked, and that upon his opening the door, she fell into the room; that he picked her up and placed her in. chair for the’ purpose of resuscitating her, ‘The medical testimony of Dr. Uhl went to show that he made. post mortem examination of the body, “That he found her sitting in @ chair as described by the former witnesses, ‘There were three small abrasions on the left wrist, and one also on the little flager of the right hand. ‘There were also three white depres- sions on the hands and two small echynidois and spots on tho right wrist; there was a slight abrasion at the outer corner of the right eye, aud the right eye was Dlackened; a bruise on the forehead, about one inch above this eye, and two small abrasions on the bridge of the nono; the upper lip was also cut; she had bled from the nose, and there were some spots’ of blood on the lower part of her dress, on the eape of hier bonnet and on hor gers; tho hands wero cl 1, Pupils of the eyes were widely dilated, and the eyes bright and glasay; there were no other marks of external violence on the body; on making a dissection of the body, [found the lungs colapsed, and the heart filled with fluid blood, but they were in a healthy condition; on examining the stomach, it emitted a strong odor of hydrocianic acid, and the mucus membrane of the stomach and a portion of the intestines were very much inflamed; the mem- braneous substance of the brain was somewhat con- sted; the other viscera of the body were in a healthy condition; in the room I found a small, bottle” of cyanide of potassium and several large bottles containing liquids which emitted a strong odor of hydrocianic acid, and was probably a solution Of eyanide potassium, I took the stomach and a portion of the intestines, together with the bottles, to the New York Medical College, where I assisted Professor Dore- mus in making an analysin of their contents. After re- peated and careful analysis the stomach gave abundant evidence of a lange quantity of hydrocianie acid. ‘There were a number of yellow spots on the cape and other parts of the bonnet, and a fow drops of the fluid con. tained in one of the botides placed upon a bonnet. pro- duced similar stains, From the examination of the body, together with the analyzes of the stomach, I am satisfied that the death of the deceased was caused’ by hydrocia- nic acid-or ono of its compounds Coroner Gamble then charged the jury upon the evi- dence elicited, who, after afew moments deliberation, rendered the following verdict :— We find that the unknown woman came to her death by hydrocianic acid, or one of its compounds. The jury have reason to believe that the poison was adzninisicred by John Nuhn, Jan. 4, 1855, Upon the rendition ‘of the verdict, Coroner Gamble committed Nuhn to the Tombs to await the action of the Grand Jury. As yet no clue has been obta’ned to the identity of the deceased, although the Coroner has used every means in his'power to ascertain the deceased's name, and to clear up the mystery attending strange case. The deceased was about thirty-two years of age, and in supposed to have been a native of Ireland, In her oeket was found a paper directed to James Holligan, (0, 22 West Broadway. In her purse were found # tive dollar bill and a piece of ribbon. City Intelligence. Escare rrom Ankest at Tux Tomms.—The man ar. rested on Friday for breaking into a room and prying open trunks with a poker, at the Howard Hotel, was brought out for examination at the Tombs, yesterday, when the Judge recognized him as having been there before; but when his tarn came for examination, he was nom est inventus, having slipped the officer.’ Subse- quently, he was seen in Broadway in « great hurry, Laving changed his dress—wearing a light colored shag gy overcoat, and carrying a bundle under bis arm, as if in a hurry to overtake some train, whereby to seek a more profitable place for his occupation. ‘Tue Weatier —For some days back we have been fa vored with very mild weather, the days being bright | and pleasant, and the nights inclined to be foggy and damp. The only drawback to the temperature is its un- pleasant effects on the mud in the streets, which is ren- dered slimy thereby. For a wonder, the pavement in Broadway made its appearance yesterday, thereby con- vincing some sceptical people as to its existence — Laxt night, however, it again commencea to rain, rendering the streets as filthy as before. / Socnry ror tHe Ravonmation ov Juventus Deuaxqvenrs. —A meeting of the Society for the Reformation of Juvonile Delinquents was held on Friday evening, at No, 616 Broadway. Mr. Robert Kelly in the chair. The following officers were choten for the ensuing year:—Presidont, Robert Kelly, Vice-Presidents—Shepard Knapp, Israel Russell, Charles M. Lup, Joshua 8. Underhill, John A. Weeks, James N. Cobb. Treasurer—Joshua 8. Underhill, Secretary—Andrew Warner. The report of the execu tive committee was read, from which it ap society is still in debt, and an application to the Legis lature for relief recommended. Revorr oy Norruwnsrens Disrexsany.—The number of patients treated at the Northwestern Dispensary, 611 Fighth avenue, during the month of December, was 539. Number of males $23, femalen 270; of whom there were born in the Upited States 207, Ireland 24, England 20, Sevtland 10, Germany 28, other countries 4, withthe an: nexed resulte:—Cured or relieved, 662; sent to hospital, 16; died, 7; vaccinated, 4; under treatment, 24. The number of prescriptions put up in, the apothecary de- | mont during the month, was 1,118; greatest number in one day, 68; average number in each day, 44. RatLxoap Accivent.—Coroner Hilton held an inques at the New York Hospital, upon the body of ® child | spe wi run over by one of the Second avenue cars, at the corner | | named Hiram Dorsey, who came to his death by being of Oliver and Water streets, on the 6th instant. As the accident seemed to have been beyond the power of the driver to avert, the jury did not consider themselves justified in holding the driver of the car, no carelessness having been made apparent on his part. Fata Acctpxsts.—Coroner Gamble held an inquest on the body of John Jennings, who was killed by acciden- tally falling down a ladder in front of the houve 65 Ann street, on the 24 of January, 1855. Verdict necord- ingly. in inquest was slso held by the same coroner upon the body of Jobn Crony, a chili about one year old, who was killed by falling from its mother’s arms on a stove. Verdict accordingly. [From the Baltimore Sun, Jai The whole number of persons natnr fo all the courts of the city during the year 1864, was as follows — United States District Court «os United States Cireuit Court, 4 City Criminal Court mon Court of Com: acy County Cireuit Court. : 1 Su jor Court... seee5e . eeeeeree on ROR a isis asain iste sederto ess 1,10 The whole number of persons who declared their in tentions to become citizens during the yoar 1864, wae ae follows — United States District Court, ) United States Circuit Court,” f * City Criminal Court... . Court of Common Pleas. County Cireuit Court, Superior Court... their declaratic pers, the ir ration pay the fact that Com Be ng te pression that the Know Nothings, if they obtained pow et, wonld not them to make declarations. fome of the courte naturalized more than others, a sequence nudges sitting for that purpore. much other business to transact immediately ing the Mayoralty election. The estimate of the ber of i naturalized priot to the election was far above the actual exhibit of the official records, from which the above is compiled. me Court—Spectal Term. Before Hon. Judge Clerke TRINITY CHURO® YARD. In the matier of srea—The motion to appoint Commissioners was Lana | to the lath inst, on the application of Mr. Di! Counsel to the Corporation covered in t! 174 Broadway, corner of Maiden lane, and under the | | to the determination of the jury | not only be | sion applied for by Reed, ix the | he seeks to examine his co-debtor, Miller? are the | | consi Jeration to create an interest ‘in The Veterans of 181%, DEPARTURE OF A DELEGATION FOR WASIIINOTON— TRE BALL AT NIBLO'S GARDEN evening at their headquarters, the Star House, ia Lispe nard street, Mayor Jones presiding, and Mr. Wm. Corbiere acting a» fecretary. It appears the Veterans are about sending a delegation | on to Washington, where the fortieth anniversary of the battle o’ New Orleans is to be celebrated. ‘The New Jersey Railroad Company bas furnished the | Veterans wilh ten free tickets, amd the fare between Philadelphia and Washington has been reduced ono half for their bereft During the evoning an interesting scene took place Major Jones introduced to the company Major Elijah Lewis, Chief of the Onondaga Indians, who was sent as a representative from that tribe for the part he took in ‘the war of 1812. His father, it was said, was in the Revolutionary war. The Veterans saluted the chief with three cheers. responded to the call, and made a speech in hia native anc in the English tongue. He Informed the Veterans that he wes about to proceed to Washington, and wished ed scaltinnay, A fy mp oeer bi taken am ¢ proceeds given to jor wis. lo returned thanks as fiilows:=— ‘Yes, brothers, you, white men, You all meet to- gether. Iam of different tribe. The Indians, you know, yo own very small hill now—white man got che big hill. You drove us to the West, 1 pray to |, and bim to me do right. Use me weil, and 1 beh well, MU you look on the Six Natious, pretty much all gone. I love the white man and he loves me. I pray every day. God made this worl!, God made this My heart em- braces the whole of America. I can’t express myvlf, my inter, x not here, Igo to Washington to-morrow. tore iy school bu! bets ‘ou hear what I cs a believe me. Good ni ‘Ktajor Lewis is quite @ good specimen of an Indian, He is a tall man, pearly six feet high and has a soldierly eppeasanet. He is nearly fifty years of ace. ‘e understand theV eterans left yesterday morning for Washington, where a will proceed to the Firat Fraspyirian church, in which the convention is to as- semble, After Grranizing, procession will be formed, which will march to the White House to visit President Pierce, = will then retura to the church to transact such bu is a8 may come before them. Such of the Veterans as remain in the city will hold a ball to-morrow evening, at Niblo’s, for the benefit of their burial fund, It is to be hoped that the affair will be well patronized, and the old men will be consoled at the end of their oa with the assurance that they, at least, will be deceni 4 interred, Arrangements bave been made to render the ball as brilliant ax possible. Major General Sandford, her with many of the offleers of the New York State Militia, will be present in full dress. ‘The usual parade, on Monday, will be omitted, Fires In New York. FRR IN FORTY-THIRD STREET. Between two and three o'clock on Saturday morning 8 fire broke out in the two story frame building situa ted at No. 886 Forty-third street, owned and occupred by William Smuliins, as a sheep skin leather factory. This boilding was entirely destroyed. The fire spread to the dwelling house of Mr. Smullina, in the rear of the factory, which was considerably injured, There wero also two adjotning buildings, owned by Owen Coyle and Jobn A, Smith, damaged by the fire, as was also a frame Duilding on the rear of Forty-fourth street, belonging to Raniel Kretonatd. The ‘al loss is estimated at up- warils of $4,000, which { id to be covered by insurance in the St. Nicholas, Broadway, Equitable, Greenwich, and Peoples’ Insurance companies. The origin of the fire is at present unknown, FIRE IN BROADWAY. Lastevening, at half-past reven o'clock, a fire was din alking cane store of Henry Rhode, No. Howard Hotel. The firemen were soon at the premises, and extinguished the fire before it had time to extend beyond the store, It seems that Mr. Rhode left the store a tinguished the gas light, locked the door, and gave him the key, and at half.past weven o'clock the fire was din- covered in the store, The fire ix one of a mysterious character. The burning shows its origin under one end of the counter; but as to how it came there, is at pre- sent not kp Mr. Kbode bad quite a large goods im his store, on which be has an insur $4,000, $2,000 of which ix in the Mercantile Fire Inou rance Co , and the balance in the Empire City Insurance | Co. The 4: e in suppored to be upwards of $2,000, Tho Fire Marsha! har the offair undee investigation. Supreme Court—Special Term. BXAMINATIO®. OF ONE DEFENDANT 48 A WITNESS POR THER OTHER—UBURY. Duo. 6.—Ely & Co. ve, Miller & Reed.——Roowevent, J ~The law at present in England allows parties to a suit | to testify in their own favor, leaving the question of credibility, under a full view of all the circumstances, We have high autho rity for saying--notwithstanding the confident predic tions of the foreboders of evil--that in the courte of that country the change in practice works well, Indecd, it always seem atrange anomaly, that while ou the most tions, as they are technically called, from time immemorial they jowed to testify in their own favor { without cross-examination, y m of jurisprudence on what are technically d trials, the same witness, although offered same polota, with the additional advantage of an oral eross-examination, in open court, should Such, nevertheless, ia still the law in thia d—and in this State still seems—a nportant mo State. Efforts have been made to change it, and to re move the manifest contradiction alluded to, but thus far without success, All that our Legislature, as yet, have been willing to do, bas been to allow one party to call fi. opponent, and in certain cases one opponeat to call another And the question presented on the application now made, ix -—Can one of two joint makers of a promissory note, sued jointly as such, be a witness for his colleague ? One defendant, mays the Code, section 407, may be ex amined on behalf of his co-defendant as to any inatter in which he is not jointly liable or jointly interested, and as to which s separate and not joint verdict or judg ment can be rendered. Now what, under the commis ‘matter’? as to which The defence, d the only defence, is usury. And is not Miller © jointly interested '? with Reed in thin ‘matter?’ If | the usury be established by his testimony, does he not | necessarily prevent any judgin ainst either de fendant? Does he n troy the note on which he would other: jointly with his co defendant?’ The note, both joint a several; and is not that an option iaverted, not for tl benefit of the makers, but of the payees’ The plaintitt no doubt, might have sued Reed alone ; but they were not bound todoso. They have elected—and they had a right to elect—to sue on the joint promise, and to ask for « joint judgment—a judgment which, when entered, will bind ald joint property and ge the entire contract, and prevent any separate action afterwards st Miller, although he may not re been served summons in this; and which, even as to his rate property, although open to other defences, forever preclude any defence of the sta of . (Code, section 397.) The plaintiffs, I |, can have no separate judgn in this This action is not brought on the several, but on the jomt promise, and on that alone. But to prevent all doubt, the plaintiffs have stipulated—although the form of their complaint would seem to render any stipa lation superfluous—to ask no judgment unless against both. If, them, the defendant, Miller, should, by his own testimony, establish the defence of usury, he by his own testimony defeate the action altogether. To say that be is not “jointly interested ’' with Reed in such & result stating ¢ law as above explained, ix manifest abenriity, For although there may be no joint property at preent, there may be joint propert ter: and, atall events, the statute of limitations isa sufficient the matter.’ But that i# not all; @ judgment of dismissal in this ae tion, om 3 several, Om this same note, inst Miller, To admit him to #wear st all, therefore, Is to admit him to swear for himself. And, uenily, until the Legislature shall otherwise provide, the present application, and sll other «plications of like character, must be denied Marine Court. Before Hon. Judge Thompson. ACTION FOR FREIGHT. Dec, 6.—Allen and others vt. Bates and others —The plainsifle are forwarders, the defendants commission mercaants, both parties doing busines# in this city The plaintiffs bring this uit to recover » balance al ege! to be due oma bill for freight upon eight thow and bushels of corn, lighterage sod demurrage, amount ng 0 one hundred and ten dollars. The defenge \* that here were not so many boshels delivered as claimed that t bushels were wholly destroyed on the pas and defendants are not liable for demurrage oriah . The whole bill amounted to $1,000. The | sum of has been paid. The wes taken oo board the canal bouts Times sod Gaantlet, at Bufalo, in last. It was previously weighed in s hopper, mor vata pounds counted ty tae bushel , On (he arrival of the at thie |, theeargo waa then | meseoted, and Desdredth bushel weighed. These wee finally a and the measurers mate n all bot seven thoussed it hundred and ity five bashels it was admitted that the valas of the twenty bosl daraged corn should be deductel from the claim acton—shuteen dollars and forty cents. The plaintitte proved that it forwarders . EY the wile whey wheter after their arrival bere before they cowid discharge their cargo, and after notice to the defesdents were td to transfer the carge to other vessels Judgment for the plaintiffs for the Smroeet dpisned—te ducting O16 49 tor damaged corn—8%6 ©, cose. minutes after seven o'clock, his boy having ex- | of usury, would, as res adjudicata, | | be a complete bar to any action hereafter, either joint or Lighters, Which ts the «Original Jacobs?” Will the editor of the Henao have the kindoess two articles? [From the New York True | " American (published py | George Akerman), print ed and sold Wednesday, January 3,1856, although dated Faturday, Jan. 6.) CLIMATOLOGY. As the climate of every pountry has an inseparable ion with the physical character of its inhabitants, the attention of the govern » directed some few y ines to the obtain- ing of correct meteorologi- cal statisticn throughout the of the United Times, (published by Ray mond, Harper & Co., mend,) printed and Aol Friday, January 5.) CLIMATOLOGY. As the climate of every country bas an inseparable relation with the pbysical character of {ts inhabi- tants, the attention of the government was directed, some few years since, to the collection of correct meteorolofical —statiatics throughout the whole of the Unived States. For this purpose the requisite in Atrauments were seat to the different military posta, in order that systematic ob. servations sight be made, and America contribute her quote of information to a branch of knowiedge which in rapidly advancing into the dignity of & science. ‘There has not as yet, how ever, been aay formal re port; but seattered through various documents belong. ing to the governinant, a» well as in dilferext scionti- fic works, there are many facts which attord us a va- risty of information that partially explains how it is the different military posts, in order that regular obser- vations might be made, and America contribute | her quota of information toa subject which is play advancing into the dignity pono aa ie not a yet, however, been any formal report; but teattered through the va- ious documents belonging to the government, an we as through different scien- tifle works, there aro many facts which afford us a va- riety of information, which partially explains how it is that the atmospheric influ. that even in the most east- ences t h weare sub- ern of the New Kngland jected ha endency to States, where the racos t been #0 much in the more cen- original form of the frat settlers are entirely lost. One of the most striking peculiarities of our climate when contrasted with that of Europe, is the extreme dryness of our atmosphere, for although we have many rainy days, with the ta, exception, perhay land and Norway in Europe generally, yet our air so readily ‘parts with all its moisture, that no sooner does it coase rain ing than the hydrometer commences at once to sink, and soon shows that the atmonphere is a4 dry as ever, This extreme dry: pens may be partially ax- lained from the fact that re, as weil as in Europe, weaterly winds prevail, aad that while they go to the coasts of Europe loaded with a superabundance of moisture, 1 their passa Atlantic, they only after passing a whcle continent, when they have necessarily lost a great portion of thelr h midity, Hence with westerly wind in always a dry wind, while in Europe it almost! invariably brings with it, How far this produce that excessive ner- yous activity which seems to belong peculiarly to our xtremes of heat and cold do not occur at our most northern and southern Ga, is g the coast of Florida, whila! at Key West, during the present year, the thermo- meter never or rarely rose above 90 degrees, “It at- tained at Couneil Bluffs, a int upwards of 17 degrees further north, a height of at least 102 degrees. But although the thermometer may, on the whole, be some few ‘degrees higher here during the heats of summer than in most parts of Eu- rope, yet we sufler but little more from its etiects, for as | the alr there is more loaded with humidity, causing a diminution of the catane- ous and pulmonary trans- pirations, the evaporation of which creates a cvoling process, languor and list jensness, with an indixpo- sition to mental and corpo- real exertior necessa- rily indueed, which is rarely the case he Neither, we in winter ex- influences the hat feeling of in I state of the ater en though the we are unable y sink some de- from the {ni | gi lo which is felt fore us, but should be | in the damp, humid atmos. trom our own: observat! f Kure) to consider it the source of much of that nervous acti vity which seems to belong peculiarly to oer people, and to have assisted in forming that American type which the last two hundred years have produced, For the same Omnipotence that created ian, adapta lim in ly short pe | Ordinarily we should be led to suppone that places in the Fame latitude would experience the same dewree of average beat and cold, | but thisis not true a re | gards America and Europe foe Gulf Stream, that | stretches across the’ Atlan- tic between Cape Hatteras the Arores, f © phypical as well ly in the middle ral cleeumstances North Atlantic he is to dwell warm water Reunell, not | to the Mediterrane tent, bas a considerable fect on the temperature of | Europe, whilst we, on the ith of heat and pecur at our most northern and south ero poste, as thoy are pit large bodlon of at at the inland Western stations, and f the same reason, the my temperatare m, sweeping ip of ice into lower breaking upon Augusta, Ga.. ix greater TD coast, than along the couat of ate, it would seem,ix Florida, While at Key derably influenced West, during the present | by the chemical and geolo- the thers gical character of the sur ever or rarely rose face of the earth. One soil , it attained at quickly parte with its ac. quired heat, while another luffr—# point up { soventoon degrees | retains it. Henee our further north—a height of | neighbors of New Jersey at least 102 degrees—an enjoy, owing to thelr sandy amount of heat unknown vil, an average bigher in the same latitude in Ea perature than the inbabi- rope, Bat although the | tants of New York, where thermometer may, on the | the surface consists, inm whole, be some fow degroes great mensure, of clay or higher here, during the heat of summer, than in mont parts of Europe, yet we mil t little more from its effe: alr there home other compact earth. One of the most striking culiarities of our elmate Bowever, when contrasted with that extreme dryness of the at { Enrope, is the | | here; for althongh we | ny rainy days | with the ption, per | haps, of En and Nor ax oceur in Europe senerally, yet our air so dily parte with all {te again do we in win- ter experience that fooling of inten cold,even though the mereury may range nome degrees lower, that in often felt in the dam shows that the atmomph dry as ever. This ex treme dryness may be par. tially explained by the fact that bere, a« well as in Europe, westerly win4s pre- mid atmosphere of Europe vail, and that whiletheygo Ordinarily, we should be to the coasts of Europe led to suppose that places in the wame latitudes would experience the same degree of average heat and cold. but this fs not true as re gards Ameries and Earope For the Gulf stream which we the Atlan ‘ape Hatteras and the Azores, nearly im the midd North Atlantic » lake of warm water, acoording to Pennell, nach inferior to the’ Mediterranean in extent, hae s considerable effect en the temperature f of Europe, while re subject to the influence of a cold stream, «weeping immense masses of low into lower latitades, breaking upon eur northern coasts. Climate, it would seem, loaded with s superabun dance of moistu gathered during their p across the Atlantic, they reach us only after passing over « whole conti and when they have necessarily oat & great portion of their hu midity. How far this dry | ness inflvences th | cal state of the at we are unable to judge from the reports before ue but should certainly be led, from our own observation», to consider it ln rome me sure the source of mu’ that excessive tivity which is assisted in " American type which th lant two hundred years is also considerably in | have undoubtedly ~ pro- fluenced by the chemical duced and ge | character of the surface of the earth— one wll quickly parting with ite acquired heat, ile another retains it tenaciously. Henes our neighbors of New Jersey enjoy, owing to the sandy nature of their soll, an ave rage higher temperature than the inhabitente of New York, where the rur- face consists in & great measure of clay, or some other compact earth As however, in that portion of the United States which i» inbabited, the lands aires y An in that portion of the United States which is in habited, the lands already cultivated do | the time of ¢ are gle to find government already industriowsly ee! | Meeting {arte whieh will | not only materially senist medical science, but eren- tually form » brilliant page cleared and cultivated do | im the sclentific history of not probably exceed one our country eighth part of ite wnrface, it peceseerily follows th | we shall evemtually see our cliraate undergo as great = chacge an that of Kaglend ' has antoa dome | the the of Corasr, ooly im } a» far shorter period. |. Tan Auey—The ® Ul! paseed | by the House «f orn Searels the Tith alt., contains the following prominent itemq:— For pey of the army. $2,006 Son Yor Puteistence ta « 1,104 Ae vor regular’ oa the waietos iil bd wapp’ 4 department. . . 890,900 Por incieenal ex, “ e cman or n of the army, ‘ For Se meouhetare of arma na | tional armories TOO ‘A meeting of the Veterans of 1812 was beld on Friday | to inform the public whic ia the original of these | (From the New York Daily | eurted by Henry J. Ray: | | should ha PRICE TWO CENTS. AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. Our London Correspondence, Loxvox, Deo. 28, 184. Meeting of the Members of the Parlianentary Opposition —The Fereign Enlistment Bill a Godsend to Disradté and his Party—Unpopularity of the Meagure-The Mrniskry im Pevil—Speculations a: to their Succesors— Fretted State of Public Feeting—Probable Effects off the War om the Character and Constitution of England, My letters of late have expressed (ye belief that Par- Hament would no sooner have assembled than a furiows rush would be made upon the ministry, but how, of ka what manner, the arnault would be made was not knowa UM within twelve hours of the delivery of the Queem'« mpecch, A meeting took place at the private residence of Lord John Manners, when it was deciced that the military successes of the passage from Verna, and of the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermane, would carry the ministry through » motion of no fidenee, Lord Derby had got wind of the Foreign Ke listment bill; but it was agreed nothing should bo amid about it to the meeting beyond the fact of his having certain knowledge of ® proposition about to be made by the ministry, which eould not fail to consolidate the opposition. The ministerial supporters were entirely thrown off their guard, om the discussion of the address, by Sir John Packington taking the lead instead of Mr. Disraeli; and a» his apoech was singularly temperate And patriotic, it was immediately argued that the oppe- sition bad gota case. Mr. Disraeli, too, was thought to have been damaged by the speech of Lord John Rus- nell, who took care to point out his utter deficiency im that sentiment which is epitomiaed by the Latin bard, “dulce eglecorum est pro patria mori,’ and though #ucle a criticism would have fallea lightly on perhaps any other member, directed to Mr. Disraeli it was felt to have touche1 ® ‘raw.’’ ‘That gentleman's immediate Jewiat. extraction, the adventurous spirit which has enabled him through good and evil report to carve out a certain ly very brilliant career, the ductility of his mind im shaping bis polit'cal opinions, bly determination to be uppermont, even if he wade up to the knees In principle, and trample to death every colleague that obstructs his path, lay him enpecially open to such insinuations ae an old Parliamentary debater Like Lord John knows how to make with pungent eilect. But no sooner waa the | Foreign Enlistment bill mentioned than Disracli was himeelf again, It was exactly the subject to gather round him the sympathies of the people, and when the Duke of Argyle, in the House of Loris, employed the word clap-trap in allusion to the speeches of Lord Kllen- borough and Lord Derby, it was openly declared at the various clubs that the Duke had done for the Ministry, for that the sentiments uttered by these two peors wore those of all England. It is true enough that in 1704, 1804, 1806 and 1814 the same power of engaging foreigners to enter into the ser- vice of Great Britain was granted by Parliament; but it been remembered that, differently as the country was then mtaated, there was no part of the war policy which wax so unpopular ax that circumstance. Old Cobbet made the welkin ring again with his denunciations of British soldiers being flogged under guard of German bayonets; and of all the heavy debt which that disastrous war encumbered the country with, no part of it chafes the spirit so mach ea | that which was incurred for the payment of subsidies, | Berides, during the last forty years the population of the United Kingdom has numerically increased by many millions, and the general resources of the country are three-fold what they were, and whatever the immediate pressure, whatever the strain on the military strength, whatever the wantof the hour, the bad policy of the thing is apparent on the face of it. Every club im Lonéon, no matter what it political blas, has been for the last few days in & perfect uproar, and though the ministry has escaped, they have bad such a run for it, that, like the nnfortunate pussy, who after a long chase distances her pursnors only tocreup into ber form ead die, they are virtually defunct. Ine house enurmousty Cull for this time of yeur— namely, 43—they only could muster a majority of 80, All the ministerial pressure was applied; and whom you know what that pressure in—with what thundering force It falle—you will thiak that the opposition have shown a front which is any day equal to ® majority. The ministerial whips almost kidnapped some members who were deemed doubtful—a process which ts thus ef. fected —Half a dozen weil known dinner-givers are im- and entreated to keep certain members till the y lest moment of the division, that they may not fall into bad hands, and the carriages are not ordered to the doors till the ‘whip'’ informs them that Lord so. or Mr. such a one, Is «peaking, and will hold on ot time till their arrival, Others y the same , the clock put back, the ¥ t, that luxury, wit, bexaty © called tuto the ‘service ‘Get me the Jackson, my dear wnt, “aod 1 insure he may consiier the thou batch of nalt pork b go to accu tata the rial prowmur ately infinite, and “oO poblicly asnounees ite ures (ail, you may be sure no turn of the acrew ls neglected It cannot certainly be denied that it a capital point of the opposition, The people, at this moment, are very much in the position of « child with « new wy, who, in proportion as he \* pleased with It, will be angry if any one should so much as dream of taking it away, They are like young Norval, ‘who bad beard of battlen and longed to follow to the field.” The uninterrapted peace ot forty yor nacceeding the great struggle in whieh their fathers were engaged, gives all the force of an explosion to the present popu eeotimneat , and | chafed ax it has been by the cold water speeches df the Vremier, sorely tried by the blundering war administra tion of the Duke of Newcastie, irritated by the action of aristocratic agents too fine for their bu: fess, it wanted but « proposition like this t set the | whole country ins blare—« proposition which their own inability to fight their country's battles, jumt ata time when ail Burope is ringing with the gallantry of the I arm The m y * won, but itis the opinion of the clubs that they will not date vo act upon thelr measure, A minority of 202 in « how emponsibilitees oft 445 in a death blow, and Jog juncture are each try © y shally.” A modifica hae’ nent again assembles. that the whole eunietry wisl have re- 4. Lord Aberdeen caumt be removed, like om er member of the administration, his removal ental fall of the whole. A different course was attempted during the first reformed Parliament. Kar! Grey resign- ed, but the Lord Chancellor, who wax Lord Brougham, interrupted the el of the House of Lords by the inti mation that be h gave rise to wuch that it is not pro entertained. | are only bin ftrage of their gonstite bie \matance, ls the head ‘4 ee every man in the ministry, the leaven of unclesnness re maine lord Palmerston, too, upon whom the eyes of the whole country are fzed, will do nothing an he be left free as air, amd this ean only be if he beoome the chief corner stone of the new ministerial edifice, Lord Jobn Russell bas always shown « fondness for ebafllime the cards and cutting again in thee ministerial orife, but it fee device whitch’ bas always been complained of, and will not certainly be eabmitted w now, even it 1% were practicable butg the difficulty of Land Aberdeen'a fezition renders such resoures just now impossible. ‘here seems nothing for tt, then, but for the whole house of cards to fall to the ground, and let Lord Palm ersten plek them up and deal them in his own way. Who, and bow, he would choov, it is dificult to say le generally supposed that there \« only one mam he would consent to yield the preniersiip to, and that te “ peminers, sanctioned by t encies, But the Premier and front of offence 4 sod leave him in it Lord Derby as they are abowt the polley of protestion, the we acted in the Cabinet together im other duye, Ht le known, with (be greatest oordiatity. pode AT TTS (4 erred, though this deficiency would mot interfere im thie com wat strengthen | ord! slmerstom, wbo thas be tn of the ash attendance, tee would by the genmrous i highmindet we gene—{t | may use each ™” without the t vas Led John Roses wold ting morenrer, weoure the beet # of lavhe sqninet Lert Grey, who, emndart ooreans to volt prove in Gebete, helved. Palmerston will agree om his pert to nothing shout reform, and Derby will be « th “fe oM ¢ wradually [pes | back tate thete e etcitoment renerals;