The New York Herald Newspaper, December 13, 1854, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 6684, | FINANCIAL. e 565. 000 *: ats ome, Syme uy a ft. be. large or sms, On elry, merchandise, property or seurity of any valuable description. Terms liberal, onfident e old ible. Pacific tial and safe, at th: gemery Sees saw Paaiey Dank; Cente 60.00 TO LOAN ON DIAMONDS, WATCHES, e Broadway and jewelry, &c., or bought for cash. and mo negot! j, Teal es- ite sold and exchanged. All )usinoss strictly » CHEESEMAN, 5 & ©., ers, 5 John stneet, coraer of Nassau. 2 500. WANTED TO PURCHASE A BOND 0 ‘eand mort, of or near the above sum, dress, fees price, location of property, &c. H. 8, sy 52.50 s the above —THERE IS A CHANCE '0 MAKE A . rapid fortune for a young man who ‘sum, provided he be a man of the world, good. common sense, and not cursed with that mawk- fh sentimentality and over-scrupulousness that iv sure keep » map forever. Adiress Rapid Fortune, ald ‘ottlee, stating name, and where an interview may q 0 —CHANCE FOR @ YOUNG MAN. wa / A young man with between two and thousand dollars, can invest it safely, and receive rmanent salary of $1,000 per annum, provided his hsiness habits are correct. He will receive ample secu- 'y for the money invested. For particulars L. Jones, ice. N —‘‘NOTHING VENTURE, NOTHING WIN: BS . that ismy motto. I have 9600 to invest ‘an: ing that will make money surely and rapid I can’t find such a chance, I'll spend ny money like od fellow and-work for more. Address Wm. Patterson, BANK BILLS [2 ROKEN BOUGHT—THE HIGHEST > price will be paid in gold for all kinds of broken ink money. All-other uncurrent funds bought at the ual rates. Drafts for sale on England, Ireland and fotland. JAMMB M. TAYLOR, corner of Chatham juare and James street. ASH ADVANCED AND LOANED 10 ANY AMOUNT— 4 On diamonds, tenagg gad ig) aioe egy y PO] or or est cal gee. R WOOD, 60 Fulton street, second oor, front om, from 8 A. M. to4 P.M. RVING SAVINGS INSIITUTION, 96 WARREN STREET, one door from Greenwich.—Open daily, from 10 A. to1P. M.and 4to7P. M. Interest at the rate of 6 cent allowed on all sums, from $1 to $500. The funds this institution are securely invested in bonds and lortgages in the city of New York, worth double the mount loaned, and in bonds of this city. li CALEB 8. WOODHULL, President. IW. M. Pons, WE bryan Prix, }Vice Presidents. Vanpxrnitt L, Buxton, Secretary. ONEY LIBERALLY ADVANCED ON HOUSEHOLD furniture, ofortes, watches, diamonds, silver- pistols, nautical instruments, and personal ht for the highest cash price. JTERS, 26 Catherine street. ‘ONEY.—CASH LIBERALLY ADVANCED ON {1 watches, plate, pianofortes, dry goods, firearms, niture, or any other property, at 304 Broadway, cor- br ef Duane atreet, second floor, room No. 9.’ The rictest confidence and honor may be relied upon. neh office, 84 West Sixteenth street. McLOUGHLIN & O'NEILL. ONEY 10 LOAN—ON DIAMONDS, PLA’ Vi. watches, jewelry, dry goods, segars, wines an pirits, and nal property of every description, or prohgsed. Biusiness prompt, and confdential. Appi & CONLEY, the Empire Loan and Agence: a be, No. 128 Nassau street, opposite the Nasssu Bank. OTICK—ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS wanted in one gum, or in sums of not less than ten housand dollars, for one year, from January 1, 1855, pon a security such as has never before been uj this rket. Full particulars will be given upon application, ther ly or by letter, to the undersigned, who jedges himself that the sechrity, the terms, and the im ‘will be more than satisfactory to any capital- t. ‘attention of those having money to invest, or tend, is ut JOHN B. mtly called to this notice. URRAY, 12 Ol Slip, corner Water street. OTICE.—A MEETING OF THE STOCKHOLDERS OF the Lindsay Mining Company will be held at their ee, 15 Broadway, on “thursday, ‘the l¢th of December at 8 P. M., to take into consideration the finan- of the Company, and to provide for their bligations maturing om the Ist of January next. By der of the Board of Trustees JAMES BARROW, Jn., Setretary FFICE OF THE SOUTH STREET STAGE COMPANY, 188 Nassau street.—At a meeting of the Board of rectors of the South Street Stage Company, held pur- it to notice, at the International Hotel, on Sat ming, Nov. 25, 1864, John L. Riker was elected Presi- mt, and John R. Mi was elected Secretary. The oka of the above . tae now open for u ion from 2 to 5 o’c! . es J. R. McCONNELL, Secretary. HQUIOQUE BANK, DANBURY, CONN.—REDEEM- ike Pe ead. GRANNISS, 65 Wall street. SURY DEPARTMENT, N. CG E November 18, 1854. me St Pe esata nat ort 0 o’clook A. the of for jarchase of $111,000 bonds iisued by the State of North olina, under an act of Assembly for the construction H the Weldon and Gaston railroad, and for the im) : of the navigation of the Nouse and Tar vers hey ‘express enactment exempted from taxa\ pr aay per They will bear date the Ist of July, rum- ten years, and will bave coupons a! for the interest at six per cent per annum, pay- jbie the first of January and July in each q oth interest wep renenrtradk be at the tthe Repubile, in the city of New ork, unless where 2 ve them ral al Trea- Por tas 5 insued in suzms of $1,000 ‘of this State, They will be Parties bi ph the will address their letters, en: Pere ie mesa ats a! le funds pose to pay. The bids will SSE Batata atte pone Secretary an: Lt ol Mordecai, President of the Back of the State e223 if i a ‘ANTED—$400 FOR THREE YEARS, AT 7 PER CENT W on s house andlot Particulars sk the Ageney and 0 Office, Broad. corner ane street, recon oor, Toom'NO. 8,’ “MCLOGHLIN & O'NEILL. th 2 50 FOR ‘A COURSE OF TEN LESSONS IN MD —t reduc one Bait, vis; $12 60 for a thoro Re coune of instruction, Pards of particulars at GO! "3, 362 Broadway, FFRDUCATION—VACANCIES FOR TWO YOUNG GEN- tlemen, under 15 years of age, as boarding pupils, tnd dag school, 1i8 Woot Thirtyateth. street, ‘eat ix! pet seventh and Highth avenues.” Circulars ai HEPARD & bookstore, 152 Fulton street. \RENCH LANGUAGE.—PROF. D. CYP. LANGUAGE IN FOUR MONTHS BY A PAR- » ‘and by which learners in the said can not only read, write and sustain a familiar con- ét ation, but follow a . re the study afterwards without the , Terms moderate. Address 8. W., dway Post Office, for six days. TION.—W. BY A LADY WHO HAS ang tadiee who crea in 2 young te in teachii epile are thoro ity Taftrncted in drawing, writi: hmetic, and the lish ‘at $3 per week. accomplishments taught jer ately Af seqaired. Apply persosaliy, ‘at 863 Broad- MILLINERY GOODS. AIPA PAL SAA OLIDAY BONNETS.— SOMETHING NEW » Genin’s Basaar.—Ladies are invited to call and examine @ bonnet of entirely new shape and material, expressly for the . Ro ‘be opened Wwedueedayy Dee. 13, " beeresbar GENIN’S Bazaar, 513 Broadway. ‘i. LICHTENSTEIN, OF THE |.ADIES’ DRESS TRIM- M store, 90 Bowery, corner Hester st., receiv. y, Dee. 9, out of the New York Castom House, 160 boxes rich silk velvet for cloak trimmings; 50 boxe: fobona, te bows, &c., MORNING EDITION—WEDNES ELECTION OF CHAPLAIN IN THE SENATE. Protection of Life and Property from Shipwreck. The Repeal of the Duty on Foreign Coal. INTER ESTING CORRESPONDENCE, &e., &e., THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS. BECOND SESSION. Senate. Wasmrvarox, Dec. 12, 1954. PETITIONS. Numerous petitions were presented at the opening proceedings of the Senate to-day. DUTIES ON RAILROAD IRON. Mr. Jonxs, (whig) of Tenn., gave notice of a bill ex- tending for three years the time for the collection of the duties on railroad iron imported by railroad companies. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS, Mr. Shields’ bills, introduced for the improvement of tho Ilinois river, and for the improvement of the har- bors of Waukegan and Chicago, were referred. ‘THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM. Mr. Butter, (dem.) of 8. C., moved that the bill re- organizing the Judicial system of the United States be made the specialorder for January 2. Adopted. EECTION OF CHAPLAIN. Mr. Seward’s joint resolution providing for the elec- tion of chaplains of different denominations, by the two Houses, was taken up. " Mr. DopGx, (dem.) of Iowa, moved to strike out the words “of different denominations.’? He looked'upon those words a8 a blow at the present Chaplain of the Senate, and a blow aimed at him because of his senti- ments on that question which has divided the Methodist church into North and South denominations. The House had-elected a Methodist. To require the Senate to elect aman of a different denomination was to displace the present Chaplain. Mr. Maso, (dem.) ‘of Virginia, said if the Senator from New York had any object in this matter he should disclose it. Mr. Szwarp disclaimed any such intention. After some debate, Mr. Srvarr (dem.), of Michigan, moved to amend the resolution by providing simply for &. the election of Chaplain to the Senate for the present | session. Mr. Donax, (dem.) of Iowa, said, that when he fought aman he did soopenly and fairly, with hand to hand | and eye to eye. He disdained a hidden warfare. He knew the motives dictating this warfare on the present chaplain. Mr. Slicer had been denounced by the sbo- lition press all over the North as the paid tool and min ion, and hireling of the South. He had been denounced because he had offered up prayers for the preservation of the Union. It had been industriously circulated throughout the North that he had prayed for the pas- sage of the compromise measures of 1850. He hoped that the warfare which had originated on the floor of ithe Senate against Mr. Slicer, would, while carried on here, be an open one, Mr. Stuart’s amendment was adopted. The Senate then proceeded to the election of the chap- Jain, and the ballot resulted as follows:—Slicer, 24; Stanton, 9; Pyne, 1; Hodges, 2, Sunderland, 1; Beecher, 3. Mr. Slicer was deglared elected. After an executive session the Senate adjourned. House of Representatives. Wasuinaroy, Dec. 12, 1854. THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE. Mr. PecknaM, (dem ) of N. ¥., moved to reconsider the vote by which the House yesterday passed the reso- lutions referring the various parts of the President’s message to appropriate standing committees. He con- fessed he was very much surprised at the very early disposition of the message, when but one person had been heard regarding it. He wished to make some re- marks on one part of it. Its reconsideration was opposed by several of the members, when a motion was made to lay Mr. Peckham’s motion on the table. PRESERVATION OF LIVE AND PROPERTY ON THE NEW JERSEY AND LONG ISLAND COASTS. Mr. Fortzr, (dem.) of Me., from the Committee on Commerce, reported the Senate bill for the Better Preser- vation of Life and Property on the Long Island and New Jersey Coasts. If this bill, he said, had been passed at the last session, hundreds of lives would have been saved. Mr. Sura, (dem ) of Va., moved the reference of the bill to the Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union. ” t Messrs, FULLER and Sxe.ton pressed early action upon it on the ground of economy and humanity. Mr. Campnett, (free soil) of Ohio, said he should like'to know whether this bill came within that class of expendi- ture of which the executive has already notified the House that he intends to veto. There was a class of politicians on this floor who seem to forget that thousands of precious lives are annually destroyed on the Northern lakes and Western waters. He wanted consistent and uniform action. Mr. Sxetton, (dem.) of N. J., replied.—He should vote for the protection of life and property on Northern lakes ‘and Western waters, as cheerfully as on the New Jersey. coast, if a bill for that purpose should meet his approvals y He would raise his arm for the protection of human life everywhere, without asking whether the people to be benefited are foreigners or native born Americans. Mr. Campnett said, he and the gentleman would not differ about that. He would go as faras Mr. Skelton would. He wished to know whether the gentleman last week voted for the River and Harbor bill independent of the President’s veto. Mr. Sxxton replied—He performed his duty here with- out reference to the President’s views. Mr. Campsrii—Did you vote for that bill last week ? Mr. SxELTON responded, He did not, not esteeming it a constitutional measure. Mr. Camppeit said that was the point he now made. The answer did not satisfy men living on the mighty Mis- sissippi. Mr. Sxetron remarked that he last session voted for lifeboats on the lakes. Mr. Camppett said—When the power in the constitu- tion is found for lifeboats, power also could be fouad for the improvement of Northern lakes and great rivers. A time is coming when these principles will be enforced here, independently of executive power and control. Mr. Surv, (dem.) of Va., remarked he had no expec- tation, when he moved to refer the bill, that the question ‘would arise as to the constitutional power to improve rivers and harbors; and least of all did he expect that ‘the gentleman from Ohio would advert to the importance of consistency. He thought the gentleman that had voted consistently,an Old Fogy, and that it was driven out of the circle of political action now-a-days. He pro- ceeded to show that by the bill extraordinary powers were proposed to be Gonferred on the Secretary of the ‘Treasury, and therefore it should be considered in com- mittee. Mr. Sxxxrow, in reply # « remark of Mr. Smith, warmly denied that the Now Jersey people ever plundered the victims of marine disasters, They were not pirates. Me. Surrn hoped. the reporters would let the gentle- man’s constituents know that the remark was for Bun- combe. Mr. Sxxutox—I make no speeches for Buncombe, but in behalf of humanity. Mr. Saurra—I made no charge of robbery or piracy, but stated what is generally true, as a proposition, that those folks who live on sand beaches, where wreck and ruin comes to them from the sea, have,an extensive celebrity of taking care of themselves. I spoke of the people of New Jersey as not being better than other people. Mr. CHaNpiar, (whig) of Pa., agreed with what was said by Mr. Campbell, relative to the protection of life and property on the Northern lakes and Western rivers, ut he would not pretermit protection on the Atlantic coast, which of ate had become a Golgothin; demuméing legislation in bebalf of humanity. Under the operation of the previous question the bill ‘was passed, by yeas 196, nays 45. The bi authorizes fhe Secretary of the Treasury to establish additional stations along the coast of Long Island and New Jersey, and change other stations, with the view of gtring ef te this act. It likewise pro- vides for the appointment of keqgmes amd a general su- perintendent. . PUNISHING FORGERY AD MATL ROPBING. Mr. Gueexwoop, (dem.) of Agk., offered » resolution, which was adopted, instructing the Committee of the Judiciary to repeyt & bill at am early day, providing punishment for the crime of forgery and the depredation of mails belonging te the United States in the Indian Territogy. The House went into committee on THE INVALID PENSION BIGL—SPEECH OF MR, WALBRIOGR ON REPEALING THE SUTY ON FORKMIN COAL. Mr. Warnnipen, (dem,) of N. Y., said:—If amy apo- logy is necessary for calling at this time the attention of this House to the resolution directing the Committee of Ways and Means to bring in a bill abolishing the duty on foreign coal, it must be found in the universal de mand for this common necessary of life, and’in the im- justice and impracticability of that pernicious system ot legislation, which seeks to hoard up, by an indirec tax, moneys not eens required carry on the overnment, to the iment ef the commercial and yusiness interests of the countsy. Every day’s expe. rience demonstrates that the true policy ‘of. this govern ment is to regulate the revenues of the country so as to ecual ze, as nearly os possible, our receipts aud our ex penditures. Alth many eminent citizens predicted the inability of the greatly reduced tariff of 1843 to yield sufficient revenue to ca on successfully the fiseal aflairs of the government, their anticipations have not been realized ; and so large have been our importa- tions, even that tariff measure has filled our national treasury to plethora, and led to an undue accumulation of the public money, drawn unnecessarily from the ple, and locked up from elrculation. o far as that tariff was an advance toward the free trade principle, it meets my unqualified commendation. It has vindicated the wisdom by which it was brought into existence. It has triumphantly served the [purpose for which it was originated. It enabled the government to meet all its current expenditures and the extraordinary demands re- sulting from the war with Mexico—a war by which our territorial surface has been so much extended—em- bracing a region of country unfailing in its yield of the precious metals, and opening to us new avenues of trade, by which the industry and genius of the people are everywhere quickened, bringing corresponding increase to the general wealth and prosperity of the republic, But we have arrived at a period in. which we are threatened with a financial crisis. Indeed, the ad commercial cities of the Union are now suf- fering umder heavy pecuniary disasters, | Com- mercial} confidence is gone. It is obvious we have overtraded, and gone beyond the limits of prudenee; yet the present is a state of things which ha- man forecast, under the recent tendencies of the times, could not have anticipated. It is not for me-on this oc- casion to trace out the unlooked events which have con- tributed to produce the present state of our monetary af- fairs. It is sufficient for us to kuow that severe pressure exists; and it is our imperative duty to interpose for its relief to the full extent of our constitutional ability. The foreign imports into the United States for the year ending the 30th of June, A. D. 1854, are estimated ac- cording to the official report from ‘the Treasury De- partment......ccecsseseseee $304,562,381 Our exports for the same perio 278,241,004 | . Leaving a balance against us... + 926,121,317 to be liquidated by costa of freight, and accruing profits, with any remaining balanee, to bemade good in gold an silver. The revenue from customs, public lands, &c., for the | last fiscal year is....... Risk dei 79,549,705 Expenditures for same period, exclusive of the Public debt......sssseeceecsesees + 51,018,249 $22,531,456 | Se aos ear 58,116,958 Thereby leaving a surplus revenue of.. The estimates for the last yearamounted Our appropriations reached to......... The excess, according to the President’s mossage, of more than twenty millions, being applicable ‘to extraordinary objects, of which amount $10,000,- 000, to meet the stipulations of the third article of treaty with Mexico, form a pact. Suppose, then, our recei pts are set down for the coming year at $70,000,000, which, in my judgment, will not be mate- rially lessened in that nor'in the next succeeding four years, should the existing tariff be continued, ani our regular expenditures at $38,400,000, we would have an annual surplus revenue of $31,600,000; and after taking a margin annually of $11,250,000, ‘so as to sink our na- tional debt in four years, {its aggregate being less, than $45,000,000,) we shall still have remaining a surplus of over $20,000,000 unnecessarily withdrawn from circula- ticn, to the serious injury of the whole business commu- nity, and to this extent 8 useless and unnecessary tax upon the people. In times of financial difficulty like the present, it is the duty of Congress to reduce the public expenses to the lowest point that willenable the govern- ment toconduct the public business, and at the same time reduce the public taxes, by enlarging the free list of foreign imports, particularly in the necessaries of life, and where the burden of taxation falls heavily upon every branch of human industry, and comes home to every man’s fireside. It is not my present intention to ‘traverse this question in its length and breadth, but I mepeetnaly, invite the attention of this House to one article, in which the people whom I have the honor to resent are largely represented, in common with the whole country, ai regard to which the exis: tariff should beimmeciately amended, and that by a ing the duty on foreign coal. This is now one of the neces- series of life. It has become so within the last fifteen or twenty years. Previously, the .uel used in domestic afiairs was timber, and the employment of coal for ma- chinery purposes’ was inconsiderable. The advance in the mech: arts, in motive power, by the universal application of steam on railways ‘and ocean and inland navigation, has entirely changed our relations to this important article—in fact, has revolutionized the in regard to it. Yet it stands on the statute book of 1848, in schedule C of the tariff of that year, as subject to an ad valorem duty of thirty per eent—equivalent to forty- five per cent, taking into count the cost of freight and charges on its value in the country—and is there in com- pany with thei luxuries of life—‘ale, porter, beer, and articles em! with gold, silver, or other metal!’’ ‘his enactment continues, Mr. Speaker, notwith- standing the annual consumption of coal in the United Stanes has reached, at this period, about 10,000,000 of tons, the present cost of | which may be fairly estimated at from $6 to $8 a ton at the place of consumption, showing that the people of the United States are paying for this one of the t necessaries of life between 60 and 80 millions of do! per aunum, under a tariff levied upon them which, ereinbefore atated, is full 45 per cent protection. Nor is this protective principle of, tion respecting this great necessriy of life of recent origin. For we find, since the formation of bed} ict & heavy restric- be ty been constantly Iaid upon this indispensable article. In 1879 the tariff on coal per ton of 28 bushels was 56 cents, or 22 per cent on its value. ‘sina Our importatit that year were................. 8,850 In 1900 the du’ ras $1.40 per ton, being 56 per cent. on its value, and we imported............11,787 In 1810, same duty, our importations reached... .14,030 In 1815, after the war, and under a duty of $2.80 or 114 per cent. on’ the value per ton, we im- In 1820, under duty of $1.40 per ton, being 56 per cent. on its value, we im 061 In 1825, with a duty of seen we imperted. In 1830, with the same duty, we imported. 68, In 1885, under the fe pared tariff of 1838, with a duty say of $1 we im) . 59, 9% The protective tariff of August 1842, continued in force until the present tariff took effect, ist December 1846, the duty on coal basepar Ag 15 per ton. In as our importations reac In 1 four years ment we have > ite of 882,162 tons, valued, according tos treasury statement in my possession, certified November 21, Teed, at $1,970,179, or, at & general —— of four , $2 23 per 1B, and the aggregate duty paid on he same is $691,053 40, The scarcity of fuél, and the for coal, had undoubtedly their full share in in- fluencing the amount of importations at the several ‘This demand for coal is still rapidly risen in the last fifty years from annual consumption of x per annum to an 10,000,000, and yet ‘«' ly on the increase, within the fo) i that the United States has become, sti). ily speaking, a coal cing country. A quarter of a century previous to tha’ period there was not more than one thousand tons of anthracite coal annuaily produced in the whole Union; yet, in 1847, the increase alone reached to more ‘than one thousand tons per day, and has since increased, and is still increasing, almost in a compound ratio. The ability of the Ai ‘acer to successfully compete with the foreign importer, even after the present tective restriction shall have been removed, is beyond uestion. Look at our superior (facilities for the extrac- don and transportation of the article, the constantly in- demand, and the extent of our coal producing com| m with those of Europe and the a8 on_ this continent.: It is to be re- from Great n toon and ‘the Iast two abounding extertstvely in this suipersl, 91 =e square miles. The twelve feeky, Wii Marylee, baie St ‘art fate 506,289, pare, ilies, of whietr the coal regiem(, @01 133, equare , Or nearly on Eel the entire area of es, ducing 1850, yet in the 4 this great phe, ig to the census returus of that t, tons. The aanual con! produee of Great tals oper, Belgian, Fraece, Prussia, Ai y and Spaia, Was witlitha frastion of fifty-one xl of ‘In that year lvania “ duc: of tons,.and more half o mile Bia, produae: ane consumption in the Es fia Rae er a of t no! article is 80 ul ci , and ourTacilities for ita sup- ‘risea’within the last year five <DECEMBER 13, 1854. ing the appointment of a commatttee of thirteew toinquire Tun? | into all the facts relative to the valorous bomiendment 3 ! pMarylant, bu , Indiana, Illino’s, Penn. | of Greytown and the overthrow of #* heterogeneous as- ta; Machi ouri, embrace an semblage of blacks,” witha view of deciding whether | the constitution of the United States bad not been vielat- | ed by an important government officio You observe’ by this act that the teachings of the Himnap have not been umheeded. That the President declared war against Iation of the constitution of the United States: is palpa- ble te any one whe is far enough removed fromthe con- dition of a maniac or a fool to construe plain Rnglish. Whatever may be the sentiments of men as politicians upon this subject, the question involved is one of such great importance that it should dissipate all partisan feelings for the time, and be decided only after mature eensideration. The constitution ie the very heart of the eenfetleracy, and no true representative will entertain the slightest sstpicios of its violation without fully im- quising into all the facts giving rise to their suspic! ‘uppose that Fo ee single representative in entertained a deubt—even a doubt—as toa violation of the constitution, shouli not this doubt be thrown in favor of this instrument ? and ia it net in iteelf an argu- seriy Guo hundred per cent., With almost illimit- pumeseet home, I can se’ no good’ reason for it exorbitant dutyon coal, which, bea free article; and the earlier Y cht into competition with our etter it will cert for the consu- Seah protucr,” Maree anges ri lucer, whose ir to the none ad of all the ities” for the pest mining, traps] its delivery on the most rea- sonab while, as a matter of revenue to the co it is not only not wanted, bat abso- way is mad pa ; steamship constructed, but, iron is required; manufacture c is the material used for the ‘ion of the requisite machinery, The growth of tle fron manufacture and trade in the United States, so inti- ewan tang with: be per trade within — inst forty years, is enormous—keeping pace, if not in ad- vance of the strides in every other department of human industry. In 1810 we had ome hundred and fifty-three producing fifty-four thousand tons of pi iron, we had five hunéred and forty blast furnaces, averaging nine hundred tons each annually, yielding fonr hundred and eighty-six thousand tons, and nine hundred and fifty bloomeries, forges, rolling and split- ting mills, yielding of bar, heops, Kc., two hundred and ninety-one thourand six hu: tons, and of blooms} castings, machinery, and stove plates, one hundred y - and one thousand five hundred tons. maki that year an aggregate of nime hundred an twenty-nine thousand one hundred . tons at the value of $33,940,500. In. 1853, the rapid in- crease in this branch of manufacture was such as to yield much more than a million toms of pig tron. Some idea may. be formed of the increasing demand for coal, by even aglance at the multiplied uses to which it applied. We have now in active operation 20,000 mules of railway communication, at a cost of 600 millions of dollars, and the system is advancing, stretching its |} ment for inqui arms, Briareus like, far and wide over the Union, in the ratio of the expansion of population, and the growth of the geo e steam marine of the United States in 1852 was 1,890 vessels, with an aggrogate of 417,226 tons, of which 96 were ocean steamers, 529 engaged in the eoast trade, and 765 employed on inland navigation. Such has been the increase of our steam commercial marine within the last two years, that it would not be extravagant to estimate our steam marine for 1854 at 1,800 vessels, with an segregate steam tonnage of 540,. 000 tons. A quarter of a century ago the power of steam upon land, and upon the ocean, was comparatively un- known, and the vast and’ unmeasured material which waked this power into life slumbered in our soi But the -use of coal for the creation of motive power upon railroads and in steam navigation, both inland and ocean, furnishes but an inadequate idea of its extensive application and value to the cou try. “Coal has been forcibly described as the indispe sable aliment of industry. {tis a primary material, gendering foree, giving a power superior to that of na- tural agents, such as water, air, &c., produce. It is to industry what oxygen is tothe lungs, water to the lant, nourishment to the animal. It is'to coal we owe m and It replaces in the workshops and 3 ic hearths the charcoal which had become too coetly under the last head; in our northerly latitudes it is destined always to acquire increasing and more generaluse. The employment of coal will be hencefor- ward no other thao a question of cheapness, and in the present age the first interest of industry is al all to see ameliorated the ways of communication, to lower the tolls tipon the routes and canals,” When Croesus exhibited his golden treacures, some one told him that he who pesseased iron, could soon make himself master of them. The ownership of the gold of the Aztecs and the Incas yielded to the iron and steel of the Spanish invader. “The Creator, with a bounteous hand, has furnished us with a coal region with an extent and richness, as I trust I have shows, unequalled by any political community on the face of the earth, and almost as exbaustless asthe atmosphere by which we are surrounded. The means for the extraction of this one of the great mecessaries of life are at hand, and are allthat human ingenuity and enterprise could desire, and from these rich deposits a stream of wealth, now swollen, flows into the coffers of the producer. When we reflect that that urticle under a th protective tariff is Lecoming, and to agreat extent has become, an indis- penable Sgent in every household—that it is daily grow- ing inte wi use for all domestic one ae at it is indispensable in the machinery which fashions with artistic skill and elegance the implements used and ne- ces-ary inevery family—that it is equally needed and em- ployed in the manufacture of farming utensils and tools inthe mecbanic artse—in travel by land and by water— indeed, for all the arts of | kame ‘and equally indispen- sable in the art of war, and forall the means of national defence, is there any reason why there should be an op- bag id unnecessary tax upon that which soserious- ly affects the interests of every citizen of the repub- lict Every principle. of justice demands that the shackles on this trade, which the existing tariff Fr gre should be stricken off, and that the traffic of this important article should be opened to the freest competition. In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I have en- deavored to attract the attention of this body to the subject, rather by a brief summary of the interests in- volved, than by any attempt at claborate argument. ‘The days of this session are rapidly dtminishing. The business of the country requires, in fact demands, brevity in discussion and promptitude of action. As one ‘of the representatives in part of the city of New York, the great commercial capital of this continent, it becomes s duty from which I could not shrink, to press the matter upon this body. My constituents have a right toexpect, and require it at my hands. They de mand that the abundance of Europe, whith the producer there can supply, shall bebrought at once to our shores, that they may have the relief created by & proper competition. Acity with s population of 750,000 souls, or 175, families, employ it for domestic purposes. ‘The manufacturing “Interests in the furnaces, forges, and all the engines employed ip the usefularts, require it. The trading community, in their stores and work- shops, seek the light, in the production of which this article forms an essential element. The fleet of steam- | ships that daily leave our shores, carrying our flag to every sea, in Bwful pursuits of commerce, expect it. And, inthe name of all those great interests, and that of my immediate constituency, I respectfully urge the immediate and unconditional repeal of the existing duty. Mr. Rrrenm, (whig) of Pa., took occasion to deny the truth of the reports extensively published in the news- papers, that coal producers in Pennsylvania have com- bined to keep up the price of the article. The supply bryught to market over the Reading Railroad was twenty-five cent higher this year than it was last year. Ane prices are caused by the increased mining rates, cost of transportation on railroads He qo his view in opposition to free trade. 11TH ( Mr. ‘dem. ), of Pa., thought the gentlemen from Pennsylvania, in the an’ ite coal business, have unju with combination for the purpose of keeping up prices. thought the charge should more properly attach to New Yorkers and Eastern men, who seek to the price of coal so low as to prevent mixes from sending it to market. Mr, Sreave (dem.) of Pa. sald that Mr. Walbridge told the truth relative to the price of coal being raised, but forget to say that every other necessary of life has been correspondingly increased. (Laughter). Mr. Wavenwwon.-tvery thing except Members of Con- <> gated . Mi ‘igre resumed, saying, that the abolition of all duty on coal would not, under present circumstances, affect the price of the article. Mr. Hrsrim (whig) of Pa.—I move the Committee rise. whig) of Tenn.—I move the gentlemen have (whig) of Ten: gent Mr. Jones eave to go to . ae rose, and the invalid Pension bill was assed. : ‘THE ARCTIC KXPEDITION. Mr. Ronan cee) of Pa., presented s memorial from the American Philosophical Societ; ing an out- fit to search for Dr. Kane’s Arctic expedit The House then adjourned. Our Washington Correspondence. Wasninaton, Dec. 11, 1864. The House in Committee of the Whole—Joshua R. Gid- dings on the Floor—Resolution Suggesting Inquiry into the Svypored Violation of the Constitution by the Dre ident—Thia Government to ‘fediate between the Bel- ligerents of Burope—The Smithsonian Institution—A it The constitution of the United States, in the eyes of all honorable men, is an instrument too br pont to be pga XS weighed Se ay scales of politics, a ‘ue representative is so jealous ‘exat violation of tts commands, that the - nee, and question without knowledge of friend or foe. But our p. esent Congress do not act as men would suppose who are influenced by honor and the suggestions of reason. ly one representative in Congress. believes the ution violated by an official occupying a most im- 1 @pant position, but several entertain the same belief; and when the administration calls upon: its majority to cr; sh this belief, the only conclusion is, that the domi. nan yarty fear the inquiry suggested, and are willing to live on with the cl of violaticn of the constitution hanging over. them; for although the motion of inquiry may be voted down, the imputation yet remains. Mr. Wheeler's resolution caused some fluttering, however, while it was before the House, but was finally put to sleep. ‘ In the Senate Mr. Adams brought up. hia wll for the 1 The Sena- core al‘eration of the naturalization laws o! tor of Misalssippi made a long speech upon hils measure, which resulted in quietly referring the whole matter to a committee, who nodoubt will take oare to bold fast to it, that it shall never,trouble Senators again—at least, for a long while’ to come. Everybody, was surprised at the impolitic course of Mr. Adamis in’ pressing his mea- sure BO oy in the session. If he had delayed it for only afew days that Senators might have become warm- ed up in regard to it, and the native American party have set the ball in motion by discussing it throughout the country, as was expected when the bill was first suggested, there: would have been some in- teresting talking upon it; or, im other words, some fun in the Senate, before it:was disposed of. Sen: ator Adams defeated his object by his haste. The mea sure had not yet been fully presented to the country, and before it grew into dangerous importance to each politician by attracting the attention of the voters of the land, Senators thought it ‘best to hide it away. 1 understand that a representative from land and a member of the Committee on-Foreign Afairs, has in his pocket a resolution, which he intends soon to offer, instructing the proper authorities to offer this govern ment in mediation to the belligerent powers of Europe with a view of ending the war. This will be a movement that will nodoubt call up a long and exciting debate, if th resoluticn is not tabled as soon.as presented. Many issues arise out of it, making it doubtful whether termi- nation of this war would be to our advantage or not. I also learn that a reeolution will be offered in the House, appointing a committee to enquire into the affairs and man: of the Smithsonian Institute, and that such committee will be instructed to report upon the utilit of this institution, and whether it’should not. be abo. ished. It seems there has been some difficulty in the management of this institution, and the quarra which has arisen threatens to subvert it altogether. The whole case can be put in a nut shell. Mr. Swithson left a princely sum for the ‘diffusion of useful knowl- edge among men,’ and if. after a trial the, institu tion is given up, it is a frank admission that our gov anes is unable even to act as the executor of a will. There has been some talk here to day npon what is considered to be @ new and important step iu newspaper publishing, The Congressional @lobe has to-day been issued, purporting to be printed from the stereotype Plates, composed of gum snelac silex and other articles, potented by of Indiana, Blair & Rives having pure for this district. ‘There was an article in the last Patmsylvanian relative to John W. Forney, the history of which is curious, It was based on an’ article published in the Hema, It seems that Wm. Rice is the proprietor, and E. G, Webb is the editor, of the Pennsylvanian, The latter is a good fellow, and has no partio the article. Mr Rice is the owner, or at leart has an interest in a patent for destroy- ing or overcoming friction. The machine is called a*fele- tion box.’” A day or two befure Congress met, Rice came to Washington, and remained here nearly a week, His business was to sell this patent to the government tor $50,000, To accomplish this sale, the services of Mr. Forney were desired, dined with Forney often, and, being an easy, good-natured fellow, without talent or sagacity, Forney made him believe that they were both rag men. Before Forney would con- sent ‘to aid him, however made him promise to publish in the Pennsy’ article which ir, Warren sed a license e wa an | an independent government, and without the eonsent of | Congress, is not denied, and that this was a direct vio- ¢ would prepare and forward to him. This article was | to be laudatory of Forney himself. Accordingly the heads of anarticle were sent over to Philadelphia on Thursday of last week. Gideon G. Westcott, an ap- raiser in the Custom House, took the article to the Peneyteanian office in the absence of the editor, and it was sent to the composing room and set up. Rice came liome on Friday, and read the article in proof. He would not pather it as it stood. It was modified on Sunday, much of the eulogy being left, out by James C. ‘Van Dyke and George Plitt, the former U. 8. attorney, and the latter, clerk of the U. 8. Court, and it aj on Monday morning as thus changed. Threo hundred copies of the paper were sent to Forney for his use. Rice is a speculator, and uses his paper to promote his own pecu- niary interests. The same copy of the Pensylvanian contains an article complimentary to the secretary of the navy, designed to tickle him, and so induce him to go in for buying the patent. = [Correspondence of the Courier and Enquirer. Wasutnetox, Dec. 9, 1654. Our Relations with 5 Never since the settlement of the n dispute has the attitude of Great Britain towards this country been so doubtful as now. The re-assertion by Lord Clarendon of exploded pretensions to prescriptive authority in Mos- ui the pretext of the Consul-General at the ich Islands against th ‘and’ nexation to the United States, the probable Tripartite Treaty between Baitain, Spain, and France, for the protection of Cuba, the un- contradicted statements of the concentration of an irre- sistible British, French, and Spanish naval foace in the West Indies, conveniently stationed so as to command Greytown, and the presence of a considerable French and British fteet at San Francisco, are all circumstances which require and have received the vigilant attention of this government. The despatch of Lord Clarendon to Mr. Buchanan, dated about May last, so unexpected in tenor, and disclosing, as this government supposed, a pu: to persist in dis- carding the Clayton and Bulwer convention, was followed by the destruction of Greytown by an American ship-of- war. It has been uniformly asseried by the organs of the administration, that this latter proceeding was an act of hostility against England, and was intended as the first of a series of measures to compel her to avac- uate Central America This was of course offensive and insulting to the British government, and has been ans- wered by a demonstration of force which cannot be re- arded with indifference. The trade with California and the Pacific coast is now among the most important com- mercial interests of the courtry. Much of it is carried on by the way of the San Juan river and the Lake. principal mail and passenger communication is by that route, To shut the mouth of the San Juan for only a few weeks would be to us like closing the Baltic inst Russian commerce. Yet this may at any time be done, and, for — we know to the contrary, itis about to be done. We at least have these certain facta before us. Great Britain has the ships, the guns, and the men uo- employed by which this hostile service could be per formed, and the London press, without contradiction from a ministerial source, says the thing will be done. Now, whether beg ps has occasion for any more an- tagonista to keep her belligerent energies fully occupied, would seem hardly s debateable point; but all her move- ments indies te that if she does not desire to roke the enmity, she is totally indifferent to the hip, of the United States. Wasutxatox—Monday bean, Naturalization. The Tariff—Despatches The Colamnittes of Waynand Means will consider the Tariff next week. There is a prospect of some action ‘Wis session. As to the President’s wishes in the premi- ses, nobody cares. The despatches by the last European steamer are not important. Clarendon had made some unofficial expla- nation that the portion of the Baltic fleet dispatche| to the West Indies, for practice and winter quarters, is to New Step in Publishing—Cu ious Listory of an Article | be recalled in the spring. on John W. Forney, dc., &e. Congress to-day pitched into business as if something was to be done. In the House of Representatives, soon after the opening of the session, a motion was carried to go into committee of the whole on the state of the Union, and Hon. F, P. Stanton, of Tennessee, was called to the chair. The President’s Message was discussed, Senator Adams’ proposition to extend the term of resi- dence, on condition of naturalization, to twenty-one years, and his ane thereon, were well received There is a probability of a contest between the friends of Atchison and Bright, relative to the Presidency of the Senate, on the return of the former. (Correspondence of the North American.) Wasnt’ 1854. dissected and appropriated to the various committees for | The British Ws Wastin tating te de. in Rela- ; , be , de. action, The main speaking of the day was « harangue by Seales eatemieen seek oak a i Joshua R, Giddings, reiterating the abolition doctrines of | satisfaction with Spoenenty weil aw ticated re- old, and contending for the liberty of the black race, even ee Rie Mas itary Le A] at the expense of the Union and the sacrifice of | PArs! squadrons of France and India seas, under instru ‘to the all the benefits bequeathed to us by the sufferers in the of the United States in that quarter. eaten American revolution. Mr. Giddings was allowed to go on, in silence till he had run himself out, and then the House proceeded to action, as if no interruption had | shores at a time when no pro! been made by the representative from Ohio. One of the points of the day’s pension was a resolution | {nies it flered by the Hon. John Wheeler, of New York, suggest- | polk hawe, we may safely arsume, to interro- te the governments of those countries as to their in- entiona in thus concentrat & force so near our ent with relations with the U: tea re- ee for war? In o similar President the i Mr, Bancroft to ire wat wan th PRICE TWO CENTS. the lomatic naivete, ‘Ihe United states which we consider belong to us, amd threatens to sustain her claims by force. in that event, the Geeta we are despatching to the Pacific wili be useful,’ Rape eee cre tioputabic”” that Mr. Polk and Mr. Buchanaw instantly took the hint, drew in thete heey) and Beat a precipitate retreat from ffty- four forty. For severai months just preceding the meeting of Con- amicable had been ‘ om antral Ai ica, we ‘ and the BeRtigh ee ject of incteasing the British squadro Sh otal a oa nm beyond the betweem Washington sions, and the reserved rights of the Hudsom’ Puget’s Sound Companies, umer the treaty It is aSserted that Mr. Buchanan was instructed tosound -the British ministers ou the-delteate poiat of to the United States the territories relinquished 4 the Buchazan capitulation of 1846. It is not probable’ that Mr. B. found a repurchase practicable, nor, fore, that he bas any opportunity of offe: ° sum, as he ditt at the negotiation with Spain o8d- sion of Cuba. During the month of argon; eo ndence appeared achidg ® point learned to be made, if b any mene incigmamant, Thvae groped to iit te ote te for the extinguisdwentof the sthivel the seater Tht be nebemsberea shaman ine tracted “that’s, Dushavan to: Total area... Proposed payment. Rate per sqare mile, Rate per acre, The ares ef Cuba's v: to Afty-four thousand miles, ov 32,000,000 acres, and we perceive that Mr. Ba- chandn’s offer contemplated the payment of two thou- nd dol sey the two transactions ina far too favorable for Mr. Buchanan’s famous Cuban negotiation. All lands of Cuba are in the hands of private proprie- tors. Our government would acquire the ownership of nene. Tt would acquire no disposable property at all, and therefore would never recover any part of the hundred millions proposed to. be given foe the. island. All the lands of the British northwest territories are in the hands of the government, and may be dis of for its benefit. . The value of these lands at one and a quarter per acre, would be one hundred and fifteen , millions and two hundred thousand dollars. Pursuing the comparison of advantages involved im these two projects, it appears that our'republican system would be much more advanced by the acquisition on the Pacific, than thatonthe southeast. Cuba would make but one State. ‘The disputed Pacific territory, if re-an- vexed, would make four States. Cuba produces a1 ard tobacco of superior quality, and some coffee. r territory is the most magnificent lumber coun’ whole world. Its deposits of coal are unlimi thomable—its inlets are so placid and so deep they seem Ike gigantic natural canals penetrating ountry. Its iron and copper would supply all those arts of the world which are not required as markets by ensylvania and Lake Superior. Its ship building fa- cilities are not equalled by any other region. Some of its forest trees can only be measured barometer, and the keel ofa ship of the line can be made from's single trunk. . Such is a brief sketch of some of the political material benefits that might be expected from a successful result of negotiations now in progress in Great Britain—if the earnest correspondence yet unconcluded between the agents of the two governments on the questions referred hrm A be said to have assumed the form of a nege- tiation. Correspondence of the Philadelphia Ledger. U Wasuinaton, Dec. 9, thee. The Democratic Senatorial Caucus im Reference to the Presidency of the Senate—The Tarif’—Iron and Coal— Bills for nizing the Army anda Navy—The Con- 88 Of Osten the telegraphic despatch sent to the associated press, representing the Becatoriat caucus for tee eneles’ ok President of the Senate as disharmonimous, is altogethera. mistake. There was no difference of opition among the Senators present in regard to the person of their all voting for Gov. Bright. The only question in r towhich doubt was raised was whether the Senate could elect a President from day to day, or for a npecl- fied period. is being pronounced impossible by con- stitutional lawyers, Gov. Bright was at once cheerfully and unanimously supported for the There war no opposition to Gov. Bright, bat nice delicacy in regard to Mr. Atbhison, cumbent. It was at once decided that the Senate could only elect a president, but that, under the constitution, they had no pewer to hmit him to a particular time, or to elect lim beyond the constitutional provision. It is still doubtful whether Mr. Atchison will returm to the Senate this session. Should ne doso, the rela- tions subsisting between him and Gov. Bright are such 88 cannot by any chance bring these Seuators in col- lision with one another. ‘Gov. Bnght will occupy the chair for the remainder of the session. ‘ihere will not be time, this brief session, to carry out: all the extensive reforms and improvements recom- mended b; ees a mao me ~ the action of Con- gress. e tariff, a» you will perceive, comes spas- Todically in the shape of coal and iron, and an orgaal- zation is now attempted to be sot on fout, princi through the Northern and Northwestern States, to this subject, ex parte, on the consideration of The Western and Southern railroad companies favor the movement. The bills for reorganizing the Hy i navy and army respectively are certain to come up, but thelt fate iy not easily determined. An immense amount of out- side influence is brought to bear upon them, which is always the way with bills of that sort. “ The inquiries into the Cor 96 Of Ostend, which have been referred to the Commit@ee on Foreign Relations, im the House, threaten to come up again the Senate. The green oysters of Ostend seom to stimulate the apirit of investigation, and Mr. Soulé continues the focus of attraction in Senatorial circles. I repeat what I have said on previous secasions, that no order for ho! such a Congress was issued from the Department State, and the result of the investigation will show it. It may be that it was recommended to our diplomatie functionaries abrond that it would be well, if, from time to time, they conferred with each other personally on the various subjects entrusted to their care; but such sug: gestion has no more to do witha ‘Con, 5,’? and Tidiculous eclat given to the matter, Soulé’s duel with the business of his legation. Wasuratox, Dec. 10, 1854. Lord Palmerston's Visit to Parie—News from the Sand- wich Islands—Increase of the a eee Regi- Lines fromthe Mi Tuetaeh te Ben Franciece. The rumor that Lord raton’s visitto Paris re- lates to Cuba and the Sandwich Islands is revived; butsensible persons do not believe in it. If the news by the last arrival can be relied upon, the allies are in tow preca:ious a position at Sebastopol, and will require all - their resources at home to think of regulating the affairs of distant islahds and continents. The news from the Sandwich Islands is favorable to annexation, but I doubt much whether such a measure could now be carried without a long debate in Congress. That it would ultimately receive a majority in both houses, I have noreason to doubt. A bill for the further increase of the Navy, by the building of onal steam ps, carrying ry, will myn be introduced; and should there fge3 time to mature it, an appropriation for that bo be ated to one of f;. e re _ speccgiation tills, ere is, also, & ion in favor of increasing the army by the four fegiuesia demanded by the Secre- tary of War; but the increase in the pay of officers, and the additional ranks demanded in "es Te rt, will probably um ‘a lively discussion. re- Sommnendetion is, severtuon, eminently just, and pat if carried out, contribute to the effliciency of the nervice. * fome of the regular ay priation Dills have already been reported to the oes, and it looks as if business were to be commenced in good earnest; but both houses must quit the old old fashion of adjourning om Thurs- days over till Monday, or they will do but little work till atier the holidays, and then there is no time to do any- | i thing but to pass the regular appropriatfon bills. ‘A bill to promote and preserve discipline in the United. be reported at an early day. The frequent naval disas- ters are, with a good show of reason, ascribed to the to the barbarous practice of flogging, that the in- troduction of some substitute copatie iy deterring the seema to be conceded on all sides. The a regular system of rewards is also consideration of 5 ‘The Pacific railroad project is not likely to meet a great deal of encou t at this though reems to be but little disposition to legislate on at all. The project is Tracy premature, and out of mar- kets of the world. All the legislation in the world eoald not inspirit life into a private company, ment money, and as a government enterprise. ‘The bill in aid of the astal tof LS ‘blishment of an uni i = States Navy and in the merchant service, want of discipline; and though no one would ever recar negligent or wicked, is ot cation earnestness on the ont an early hour has been fixed for its 4 seavon during the present rtringency in the will never allow such a road to be built iun the goraen- telegraph from some point on the Mississippi river Use . rar—Cireuit.—Nos. 811 it 1" el, $o0"ter, 1001, 1008, foot, 11602 Bid weetiewon Praas—Nos, 1672 to 1670, 181, 1888, 3900, ETS See cee ae BES on. 1191, 698, 1000, 920. ,