The New York Herald Newspaper, December 4, 1854, Page 2

THE DROUGHT AND THE CROPS. Interestiag Letters from California and New Mexico, FIRST PREMIUM FOR CALIFORNIA, Righty-two and a Half Bushels of Wheat to the Acre, Valuable Exhibit of the Agrienitural Re- | sources of Bl Dorade, &., &0., &e. CALIFORNIA: LETTER OF GOVERNOR BIGLER. 0 THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK MEKAID. Bacramenro, Cat., Oot. 24, 1354. Sim—Your communication, bearing date New York, September 4, 1854, asking for information im relation to the crops in this State, reached mo om the 16th inst. In reply, it gives me pleasure to assure you that tm Ca‘ifornia the crops ot the present year heve | been exceedingly sbundant. The yio'd of wheat | and barley to the are has been extraordinarily large, and the number of acres cultivated more than double that of last year. I have no doubt that the quantity of wheat raised will be more than sufficient for home consumption; and though unable to eatimate with accuracy ths entire amount, I pre- sume it will exceed turee millions of bushels. Ia fact, 1 am assured that heavy shipments of wheat are about to be made to your city. This eater- prise, it is trae, if carried out, may prove unprofita- Ae, aad the projectors gain more notoriety than vecuniary recompense. But if it prove a failure, | t will not be owing to the price here, or the cost of ranaportation, but to the fact that it cannot be pre. eived from moulding whilst m transifu. By reference to market reports, you will see tha’ heat, a¢ this date, js seliing in California at 2¢ cents per pound, averaging $1.36 per bushel. Mar- ket report in the New York Herald of Sept. 18, quotes Michigan white wheat at $2 per bushel; Bouthern red at $1.85 and $1.90. You will thus perceive that the difference bet ween the New York and. California markets, averages about fifty-five cents per bushel--amounting te more than the cost of transportation. But, leaving to time to determinine whether the enterprise above feferred to will compensate the projectors or not, I will now proceed to give ths additional information you desire, as fully and as accurately as I canal ‘the present time. e At the State Agricultural Exhibition, which closed a few days since, the premium on wheat was awarded to the coltivator of a field which yielded eighty two and a half bnshels to the acre. Aten acre field, within s few miles of this city, produced six huadred and ceventy bushels, or sixty seven bushela to the a: Throughout the entire State the average yield of wheat per acre, the present year, will not fall short of forty bushels; and the barley crop will average over fifty bushels to the acre. This latter grain, I would state, is extensively used in Califor- aia,end forms the principal food for horses and mules. The potato crop is good—more than gn average— and I have no doubt that the quantity raised will, as lat yoar, greatly exceed the requirement for home consumption. But a amall quantity of corn is raised in Califor- aia. It does not yield nearly so well as other grain, and bat little is cultivated. Although the soil here is quite as rich as the bottom lande on the [llinoia and Mississippi rivers, yet, owing to the fact that bat little or no rain falls during the summer months, ‘vad the nights being quite cool, the cultivation of sora ia but little encouraged, and the orop is conse" yueatly small. | It is believed by thoze competent of judging tha: | fur tule, or lands subject to overflow, wiil yield | sbundant crops of rice, and some are equally ooafi- dent of their adaptation to the cultivation of cotton. For my own part, I have no doubt that rice can be profitably cultivated on these ~ anda in this State; butas to cottoa, actusl expo 'i- meat will, perhaps, be necessary before a correct opinicn can be formed. The latter, if { have been correctly informed, like corn, requires warm nights, occasional rains and heavy dews. [n California the nights are cool, no rain during the summer months, and the dew, if any, very light. In the cultivation of tobacco, exceedingly satiafas- factory experiments have been mate, and | have no doubt that in a few years it will be profitably cul- tivated ou the river bottom lands. Wild oats are found in the greates* abundance in the valleys and on the hill tors, apparently indigenous to the soil; in eonsequence of which, comparatively little of this grain is oaftivated in California. The grape crop bas been unusually large this, season, and for the past three months our markets have been bountifally supplied, at cheap rates, with this aelicious fruit. The cultivation of the giaps is engaging the attention of many of our agri. culturalista, especially in the southern portion of the State, where ficurisuing vineyards, covering maay acres, are now to be found yielding frpit in al- most unbounded loxuriance. The county of Loa Aggeies aione proinces millions of pounds of thu fruit. After selling all that can be disposed of in clusters, the balance are gathered and wine of de- licious flavor manufactured from them. But little of this wine has, as yet, found its way to market, but it is pronounced by those who have used it av being equal, if not superior, to that pro- duced im France in analagous latitudes. The day is not far distant when the culture of the grape and the manufacture of wine will engage almost exclu- ively the attention of agriculturists in the southera part of this State. Pears of the most delicious flavor are abundant; ; and peaches equal to any grown in the world have beea in our markets, but in less abundance thas years. Apples are scarce, the trees generally being bo young to bear plentifully. Oregon apples are wrought to this market, superior in size and flavor wany I have seed in the Atlantic States, and thore «Sno reason why they caanot be produced, especial: y in the northern part of California, as abundantly and of as good quality asin Oregon. { have now in my house an Oregon apple measaring fifteen inches in circumference and weighing two and a half pounde. The crops of melons, including the water melon, nutmeg, maek melon, and Central American melon, has been immense, and they are stillto be found ia oar markets in great abondance and of unequalled size and flavor. Pompkins, squashes, and toma- toes, are exceedingly plentiful, as are also onions, beets, tarnips and cabbage. ‘In the southera por- tion of the State, sweet potatoes, oranges and figs are produced in greater orless abundance. Qaites large crop of figs was grown, daring the present year, ear the coast range, in Yolo county, on s ranche owned by Mr. Wolfskill. These figs are large, and, I believe, equal to any produced ia more southern latituces. Thave thus, in response to your request, en | deavored to give you some idea of the agricultural | products of California, or, at least, the more im- | portant. In apology for the length of this communi- cation, 1 have only to offer the fact that com- paratively but little is known in the Atlantic States of the almost unequalled fertility of the soil of Cali- fornia, aud its adaptation to the successful and pro. fitable cultivation of most of the necessaries and | many of the Inxuries of life. Although the mineral | " wealth of California has been, and continues to be, | her great staple, yet it requires no prophetic eye to discern that even in agricultural Importance she | ‘will soon be second to no other State of the confeds- aoy, either in th» quality, variety, or abwadatice of her products, I have the honor to be, very reapectfully, your obedient servant, Joan Biaiya. P.S,—The Sag Francisco Priees Current and , being abundant for our own necessities, and soms- | acre. Some lots have . the very best quality, are to Shipping List, of this date, a reliable pubiloation, quotes California wheat at 14c. 8 1 jc. per !b.; bariey, lc. ajc. per 'b.; oats, Lic. por lb.; potatoes, Lo. a 2c. per pound, J. B. LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE. Orricz or SsceeTaky or Srars, Sacrammunro City, Oot. 18, 1854. J. G. Buwerr, Esq., Eprz0n New Yous Hepa: Sm—The last mail from the Atlantio States brought me your note of the 4th ult., making ia- quirles relative to the crops in this State. It is rather difficult to obtain correct in‘ormation oa this subject, owing to the vast extent of country and variety of | olimate to be found within our boundaries; but it | will, perbaps, be sufficient t» say that notwithstani- | ing the drought commenced here about the Ist of May last, and has continued uninterruptedly until within a few days, our crops are unusually good— —_-— thing to spare besides. Of com, however, the crop ia very light, owingin part to the very small quantity planted, aud in part tothe drought,which prevented it from mataring. Of the cottom crop but little is known, the region of country adapted to its growth being on the Gila and Colorada rivers, andst a great distacce from this place. From the known fertility | ton one nrg» ROOTES, there can be no doubt bui cro 8! there was an’ pat | hive renee fact that the rought does not | affect the th of the potato in this State, and cont ly the crop here is a very g20d one—bet- ter than you ever beard of in the Atlautic States—so od, in fact, that potatoes have become a drug in market, and the price will no longer remunerate the producer for labor. Thousands of bushels are lett rotting in the fields. The crop of wheat this year is immense. A very large qeantity of ground was sown last win'er, and the yield has been equal to the fall average of for- mer years—eay from forty to fifty bushels to the eatveed as mach as eighty bushels to the acre. Asagreat many fine flouring mills have been recently put in operation in various parta of the country, we will be enabled this year manofacture flour enough for our owa waats, and then‘ have a deal to spare. Wheat is selling at two and two and a halt cents per pound. The se IB in importance to that of | whest, has in about tne same ratio. In- | deed, almost the only difference in the aggregate yield of the crops in this State, taking one year as boc = 5a with others, isin the quamtivyot ground cultivated; and, as the number of our farming popala- tion is constantly increasing, 50 will their otion be increased. Barley is almost the only grain in this | State ured for feeding horses and work cattle, and, in this respect, more fills the place for which py rye and oats are used in wae gorengedl apes as ay int to everyone who has paid a: attention $5 these matters. Animals fed on barley are much stronger, fresher and capable of enduring | greatly more fatigue here, than when they (the same imal) were fed on comm or oats in the Atlantic States. Again, the age of a horse is considered-of no consequence here, while in the Atlantic States it is deemed of the greatest importance. These re- sults are attributed by some to the climate more than to the food; but it is probable that both con- tuibute largely towards them. Certain it is, that barley is thus used here much more extensively than in any other State in the Union, ani it is equally certain that the stock fed on it is superior to any other. Oats are but little cultivated; but the whole coun- try, as far north as Cape Mendocino, and east to the foot bills of the Sierra Nevada, is covered by an in- digenous growth, which, green or ripe, affords the very best of pasturage until the rains of winter set in. This growth wag not so luxuriant as usual dur- ing the past summer, owing to the small quantity of rain that fell during the preceding winter. Excellent plants of every description have been produced during the present ce in the greatest abundance. Some of them can be and are prodaced every month in the year, particularly when the ground can be irrigated, and, consequently, there is no danger of a scarcity in that quarter. Great attention is being paid to fruits of every | description, which are found to yield as abuadantly as every thing else. Vast quantities of grapes, of found in our mar kets, and the time is not far distant when wine enough will be produced for our own consamption. | In short, if you will only give us a railroad across the continent, we will soon be able to supply you with every ewe despite the drought; for that, you know, we look fcr as a matter of course. vey fully, yours, &c., |. W. Dennugr, Secretary of State. NEW MEXIGO. | LETTER OF GOVERNOR MERIWETHER. | Execurive Orricx,) — | Banta Fe, N. M., Oct. 25, 1854. { 10 THE EDITOR OP THE NEW YORK HERALD, | Sin—In answer to your printed circular of the 14th: ultimo requesting information relative to the state of the crops in this Territory, it affords me pleasure to make the response. The principal agricultural productions of New Mexico consist of wheat, Indian corn, beans, onions, and beets, together with a variety of other vegetables for table use; and every description will afford a full average yield when compared with previous seasons. An average crop of wheat here may be set down at from twenty to thirty bashels F acie; corn from twenty-five to thirty- ive; beaps from twenty te thirty; onions from seventy-five to one hundred, and beets from four to five hundred. Cotton is not cultivated; and po- tatoes have but recently been introduced, and are planted but to a limited extent. The crop this season, however, will prove r than that of an: previous ene. Cabbages are cultivated wit great succres in this country, and the present crop will prove a fine one. More rain has fallen during the last six months within this Territory than ever was known to have fallen io the same length of time ia this usually diy climate. Generally, little or no crops hive been prodaced without irrigation; but this sesson some good crops have been prodaced without any artificial watering. Bespectfally yours, &c., D. Meniweruer. Roman Catholic Council, &e, pondence of the Newark Advertiser. Genoa, Noy. 9, 1854. Among the re cont arrivals at Rome, in view af the approaching ec:lesiastical convocation, I notice the names of Archbishop Kenrick, of Baltimore, and Bishop O'Connor, of Exie, U. S., Cardinal Wiseman, Eovgland, Carjinal Balufli, of Imola, and some twelve or fifteen biehops from other lohp of Europe. In the consistory on the 15th inst,, four new jinals will be announced by the head of the churoh, viz.: Mesers. Grasaellini, commissatio of Bologna, Di Pie- tro, nuncio at Li:bon, Medici, major-dom) of the apostolic palace, and Perone, a learned Jesuit, many years a professor in the Roman College, where vari- ous publications have distinguished bim as the most eminent theologion in the city. ‘The late Cardinal Mai has no successor as an anti- quary. His rich library has been purchased by the overnment, aud wiil be deposited in the College of the Ck cid It comprises 7,000 rara works, in- | cluding MS3., and was appraised at $18,000. The | Cardinal leit @ valuable patcimonial estate, which he bequeathed mostly to benevclent iastitations. The observatory of the college has recently received | some rich acquisitions in new and large instruments from Munich, and is new said to be equal to any as- tronomical establishment on the continent. Comparatively few Americans have reached Italy this season. Among the number recently arrived at Rome is Rey. E. D. G. Prime, Chaplaia «f the Awerican Legation, accents by Rev. Mr. Righter, agent of the A ican Bible Society, cn route for the East. | Lock Gates Carnmp Away--PRosar.e Sosren SION OF NAviGaTion }On THE Srason,—We regret to state | that an accident occurred yesterday morning at the xe- cond lock east of this city, whieh we fear will put an end to navigation for the season. A boat loaded with corn ran into the lock at the foot of the large pond in Brighton, and owing to the heavy wind from the west and neglect to snub, she came against the lower gates with such violence ax to carry them entirely away, and finally sunk herself on the mile level below. Up to this noon, we understand, no attempt bad been made to repair damages, and the opinion of those most acquaint- ed with the affair is, that the lock cannot be repaired so as to be nsed before the time designated to draw off the water, (the 5th of December.) Commissioner Follett is in town, and has exam‘ned the lock, but what conclu- sion he has arrived at we donot know. There are or two miliers loading boats for the East to-day, exp ing that the lock will be repaired, There are’ qui number of boats Jaden with merchandise a few mil east of the city, bov up, ond forwarders are anxious to get them through. Perhaps the gates will be repaired in Hime to enaBle tiem to reach the city in four or five days. Py some unaccountable blunder tl drawn down a foot or more from this level last night, and boats are aground west ofthe city, The”tanal was covered with ice this morning; for the first time of the season, int indications are not against mild weather for some days yet to come, The Canal Commissioners have atod that boats arriving at Utica, passing east, oa the would ba allowed to go through if not stopped by Rochester Union, Dee 1 [Corr water was Hoos Kiunep av Lovisy ville papers report the naviber of this season at 9 ‘wrge numbers daily at $4 £0 from the hooks, on four months eredi Govensor or Norta Canonra.—In uence of the declination of Governor Reid, (he belug elected to the U. 8. Senate.) the duties of the State Kcecative will devolve upon Warren Winslow, Faq., Prosident of the Senate, His term of office will last # little overs month | sip to the 18th, and feel that | grace to Spain during the previous administration , immorally. , revolution, San Roman had the General safely THREE DAYS LATER NEWS, Ge, die, de, The U.8.M. steamship Bleck Warrior, Captain Bulloch, arrived yesterday from New Orleans and Havana, bringing dates from the latter city ‘0 the | evening of the 28th-—three days later than received | by the Governor Dudley, at Charleston. Among her passengers is Mr¢ Charles Eames, Charge des | Affairs at Venezuela. id The Black Warrior left at Havana the U.S. | stesmer Princeton, Henry Eagle, E:q., commander. | She had been cruising along the Florida Reef, in | search of the U. 8. sloop-of-war Albany, sapposed to be lost, and was to sail as soon as she could finish coaling, to continue the search, on the Mos | quito Banke, &c. We are indebted to the Purser of the Black War | rior for files of papera and intelligence to the latest moment. | OUR HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE. } Havana, Nov. 26, 1854. The “ Diario” on the Treatment of Mr. Soult—Col- lection of Articles for the Paris Exhibition—Re- | sults of New York State Elections Received in | Cuba—Jtems of News—Markets— Death of Chas. | Smith. The Diario dela Marina, seeing with great facility everything on one side, with the obliquity of move- ment which inevitably follows such constant effort, is delighted with the treatment of the Minister of the United States near the court of Madrid, in France, azd forgets to count the acknowledgment of wrong- doing which is demonstrated by the prompt rever- tion of the imperial decree in theletter of Louis Napoleon, authorizing the passage of Mr. Soulé, wherever listing, through his realms. Let those laugh who win; and in weal or woe, my sympathies will be with thoze who refresh our intelligence, whether in “San Ignacio,” or factitiously in New York. That Mr. Soulé would not have been the se- lection of the people of the United States for the high post he fills, has been demonstrated; bat being legally there, the indignities offered to him are to his country, and so intended, as well as the com- mentaries thereon, made with,the personal sanction and authorization of General José de la Concha, Captain General and Governor of the Island of Cuba, ard superintendent censor general of the “free” press of Cuba. There is no other responsi- bility for offensive utterance against the govern- ment and institutions of the United States by the press of the island, whether purporting to flow from the pens of Tom, Dick, “ Peter,” or the hobgoblia (el Duende) night shadow of New Orleans, than what pertains to the exalted digmtary so highly appreciated and esteemed by all the good citizens of your land. I presume this view of his daty and obligations to his nearest neighbors has not been taken by the chief, but I believe 1¢ would weil com- ort with the fair fame he has won if he would al- bc his ee pets bee to embrace it, and Sp Tmonious neral well-being ol eo two commanitiee would ensue; and: rests of Cuba oeion $9 a te “Sigh uba are endeat ere no f. promot waste of powder; so the sooner kind words are used, the bette gO. On the 17th of December we are to have an ex- in arts, eclences, trades, fabrica and agricaltare, which are intended for display before the world at not be there. The show will be table for the reputation of the island. all their inte: forbid the an! Crimea here for the of diplomacy or the tor it may—/ué, hibition of all the a of the industry of Cubs, Paris, except the time-honored pleugh, which will its issue of the 25th, Soren? the Diario, I that the Soulé dit perceive, notices fliculty hai been amicably acfenee thro! the influence of Mr. | Mason and itish prestige, as stated by the Hem | ALD, with the words, ‘this may or may not be true,” and goes on to show that what was of great conse- quence yesterday, and over whith we were to have day. ‘Tho. Now Terk, cocrespondense ine not yet jay. The New York c ‘a8 not : Ms voably Ky it all ight by posade rol we poe manano. In the meantine wo have read the Heu- it we ‘‘ know some thing,” potwithetanding the results of the election in Maseachusetts, not to anything about the Governor of the State of New York, Lieutenant Governor, and Mayor of your city, which, by the “‘rule of three,” we are not able t> cypher out, 80 as to resolve the winning party the State through. The captain and crew of the American schooner seized Baraca have not yet atrived at Havani, or if go, the government keeps it secret. Montero, the naturalized citizen of the United States, remains im comunicado—in prison—and no testimony of crime bim. Mr. Charles Eames, U. 8. Charge de Affaires, arrived from Caraccas the 23d, and is to leave by the first steamer for New York or Charleston. The government is occupied with pre- parations to mect any incidents that may eccur at the east end of the is’and, or at other intermediate Pees on the south side. The Fa breaking of glacis sround the walls of Havana goes slowiy on, ard the ditch begina to poco. 26 a8 last advised ; health without change ; eee and fidelity the same; planters at work. 000 eads ed molasses sold here, to be delivered at Cardenas, a$ 2} rials, keg of 54 gallons, for the months of Decomber, January, February and March. Half the quantity of Muscovado, to be de- livered aa above, sold at 3} rials ap of one house. Most truly yours, 5 P.S.—Died, this morning, at the Hote! Cubano, kept by Mrs, Sarah E. Brewer, Charles Smith, Bsq,, aged 24 years, I think, of consumpiion, cout here by his exposure in the service of the Spanish steam marine, havirg broken a blood v some three months since. Wm. Sydney Smith (no rela- tive, but mote than brother,) has watched over him with the mort assiduous attention and kindly care from the moment of his attack, bringing to his bed- side the best medical intelligénce we have. With more than woman's devotion, he has.stocd as a min istering angel, striving to ward death from bis friend, bat it would not be so defeated. The friends inKng- land why feel assured that nothing for the loved child, brother and friend was wanting. Wm. Sydne; Smich wag all, in love and devotion, and he will fia arich rewasd for it from the grateful hearts who will be no stranger to his goodness. Please request the London News to notice. Yours, truly, D. Havana, Nov. 28, 1854. Trouble Between a Catholic Pricst and the Captatn- General--More Slaves Landed--Feers of Bar- racades-~The Steamer Princeton in Search of the Albany. ‘The last mail steamer from Spain bronght amongst her passengers to this island « well-knowa clergy: man, called Padre Sam Roman, who was sent in dis. of the government of this island, by the present Captain General, under charges of misbehaviour in bis office as a clergyman, and of having behaved During the pericd Padre San Roman has been io Spain, he has been enabled to perform some friendly actions towards General O'Donnell, of no less mo- ment, as I believe, than having, on two different oc casions, saved his life. The first occasion was, when O'Donnell was escaping to France, he met San Ro man ard his party, whe conducted the fugitive | O'Donnell im safety to the frontier. The second oo- casion was when a search through all Spain was being made for O'Donnell, previous to the recent secreted im bis house until the breaking out of the revolution. The priest having, by this means, facilitated the attainirg by the General of the distinguished pow tion he reached at #0 early a period, the latter—- naturally anxious, as I understand, to discharge the deep debt of gratitude owing to the priest for these important services—procured from the Qaeen of Spain a “royal order” nominating him Cara (Cu- rate) of the city of San Carlos de Matanzas. With this “royal order,” and a letter of recommendation from Gen. O'Donnell to Gen. Concha, in his breeches pocket, the wily priest wends his way to this island After the lapse of a brief period, San Roman pre- sented himself to General Concha, to whom, with great ceremony and politeness, he hands the royai order, also Gen, O’Douncil’s letter of recommenda- tion. With frowning brow the “royal order” wasread, with great deliberation, by Gen. Concha, as also the letter of recommendation from Gen. O'Donnell. Af- ter closting his voice oy a forced congh, that he might be clearly understood, the Captain General Girected San Roman to Reneeed forthwith to Cien- faegos, amd there await further orders. ‘ Bat,” re- ? eae ‘ A g et 3 A Hi 2 5 i f e m REES ist H ; 4 ; Z EE é ietenaetr sane pearac | oF) . Je The said “ as wellss all the journals here, never aac cme y on the of public men, and bat on ex ng rate oa along and tring ¢ of interest that may occur; the afi ondent butto trade? A guardroom hes been established underneath the coacbhouce of the home on from the opera, the served two soldiers unarmed, ner of the What is’ the baricades gh thrown weeks since would SS afraid of? 3 mi up in theatrests? A couple have beer the time for that, had when the Calle de O'Reilly was when blocks of Beston ite <7 direction in that ‘e command,) or what is or thborhood. - Cpa without aay Se mhtabe bf . rom Gene! longano, ‘segundo’ hhas been done at Baracon, alace, and coming before last, I ob- at each cor- Captain General it been intended, under'‘repair, and were strewed information (second in Q. B. 8. M., POUGHKEEPSIE. erin prd ota femal So y a ensac comes in search of int & ‘reepocting the At bany. The Commodore was ted to depart for San Juan (Nicarague) on the after the Prince- tan left Pensacola. Pp. Fire Marshal’s Office: Before Justice Osborn. THE ARSON CASE IN ‘FRANKFORT STRERT. The case of arson pending against Mary Lynch, who stands charged with setting fire to the dwelling house No. 34Frankfort street, on the night of the 20th of No- vember, was brought to a close yesterday by the Fire Marshal, Several witnesses were examined, who cor- roborated the evidence already given and published of under such Mrs. McCarthy. The servant girl, Mary Jane McGuire, testified to the conduct of Mrs. Lynch, and to the fact | of a quarrel having taken place between Mrs. McCarthy 4 Mrs. Lynch, and further, that Mra. McCarthy had | their self- ro their | Common Pleas—General Term, erick eigenen aide . sient eg it eerie tag et heared BR een To Ingraham, First Juige, and J prohibited Mra. Lynch from‘entering in question, at tea time, and wanted the key of the | the premises; yet room she formerly occupied. Mrs. McCarthy refused her the key, and she then went away. ten o'clock that same night the witnest was sent by | res. urces, Mrs. McCarthy to empty some ashes stood on the side walk; she left the At about half-past from a barrel that back room for that purpose, (and the door of that room was left partly open, where Mrs. McCarthy was then sitting,) and went to the stoop and stood there about two” minutes; but did not | during that time see any one come into the house, nor did she at that time see Mrs, Lynch. while she was atill by the stoop, # alarm given by Mrs. McCai i pulled her backwards into the and then put her knee upon her to keep her down. Wit: | thy, calling the robber,’ \ stop the robber.” ynch in the entry, by the front door, in the act of | te Western one bida all g out, when seized from behind by Mrs. McCarthy, | brother Shortly after, and he heard the cry of on witness to She then saw entry on the floor, ness then went into the entry and saw smoke issuing up from the cellar, and the filled with smoke. Mr. Mrs. Lynch take holdof the door of their room, as | she’ passed from the rear of the house going | ightenment are in my wake—I would fain pass be- towa he street door, when his wife ran into the en- | yond you to that new light, whose birth-glim ner try and seized hold of her; he also saw a package of | we have seen house was almost instantly McCarthy testified that he saw papers in the entry, which blasted up like gunpowder, and then took fire. Benjamin Allen, one of the boarders, testified to cer. | tain declarations and threats made by Mrs. Lynch on | two occasions during the previous week; she said Mrs. McCarthy had sent her away from t! threats made were intended to apply ~ = causing a separation nd. ‘The testimony was then closed, and Justice Osborn, on | the facts elicited, considered there was good probable | the house, and the | against Mrs. McCar- ween herself and nus- | cause shown to believe Mre. Lynch guilty of the offence charged, snd accordingly committed her to the Tombs to await the action of the Grand Jury of the December term. Maryan Coan Trave.—For the week ending | Saturday, November 25, 64 boats de peake and Ohio Canal, carrying 6,7 scended the Chesa- 13.16 tons of coal, and 127.09 tons of coke. During the same period there were transported over the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company's 8,434.17 tons, and over the Mt, Sav- age Iron Company’s Railroad 5,606 tons, maki gregate from the Frostburg region for’ the weel 040.17 tons, and for the season 423,781.11 tons. the George's Creek Coal and Iron Company's railroad there were transported 3,801.15 tons, Total from the Westernpart region for the week 3,801.15 tons, and for the season 167,311.14 tons. region for the week 17, January last, 605.5 Totalfrom the w! 341,12 tons, and since the Ist of 2 tons, of which 456,243.07 tons hole coal were transported over the Buitimore and Ohio Railroad, and 14 | Canal.—Cumi berland Miners’ Journal, Dee. 1, Tar Sires FoR tHe Nrw Cestou Hovars.— We hear that the Secretary of the mined upon the sites for eight of the directed by Congress at its last session to be built. They | are, with the owners of the land for’ them (the sites), as follows, viz “City. ner. New Haven, Conn. Burlington, Vi Oswego, N.Y. Sndusky, Ohio Toledo, Ohio. N. Y., and for marine hospitals a Detroit, Michigan, and Cincinnati, been sclected, the depart the informati several localit Prize Ficut Nirrep 1 THR time past rumors have been rife of « Samuel Bishop.. hn W. Pomero; Treasury has deter- | new custom honses and the prices paid ; Newark, N. J.. and Buffalo, | it Burlington, Iowa, Ohio, have not yet ut not being in possession of | necessary to a correct decision in the | Bup—For some prize fight about to come off between two men who are the reputed cham- pions of rival fire companies to which they belong. in training, and the brutal men, it was rumored, we exhibition was soon to take place. This morni The , a Mee. Sawyer made affidavit, at the Mayor's office, that her son, James A. Sawyer, was about to engage in such a fig was described, as she had reason to believe, and she ed the interference of had nee to rant was issued and placed in the stable Seed, who arrested the alleged was about stepping ashore from one boats, It is said he was training ij Jersey. Sawyer was taken to the held in $1,000 for a Bulletin, Dec. 2. nevent it. A nds of High Cow rize fighter zs he of the Camden ferry in the State of New ‘or's office, and hearing on Monday.—Philadelphia, | Gaxm on THE Hvpsox.—It blew # hurricane on the river yesterday, and much dam iven on the Hudson | shore. A number of vessels were dr flats, and along the east bank of which were,this morning several feet out of water. ‘a, with a tow bound down, was driven too far to the eastward, and this morning was aground | steam-tug Sarat on the Casteton bar. The barge G den with brick, was sunk about mile south of that | vessel could be seen | In the Catskill creek the water was ince. ‘This morning one end of the just above water. ¢ was done along the river, many of he jeneral Jackson, la- lower than it was ever known before, and resembled a small brook, We could not learn vessclsashore, There are doubtless got off wi njury, as the river Ww they went ashore, As the gale wa rauch damage ny Journal, Dee. 1. Monversrs 1s Caxapa Wrst—A hile since 9 | of $6,000 was offered for the appreleasion of a ate gang of men who for some mouths past hai | rewa’ desy 6 done further down the ri the names of the many that will be as quite low when ws heavy, doubtless Alba- becn committing depredations on Life and property in Upper Canada. of men who were taking stock, exe! da suspicion that they and murd:rrt for whose arrest t offered, gly an officer wer and while attempting to per gang arose from the table, and, p rim dead upon the spot. The ‘oft the house and made (uvir ovcape. © Brantford Aerald of the 25th ult. says that on Saturday, the 24th, the conduct of dinner at a house car’ Woot. y were he rews ul been one of th ug 9 pistol, sho pM@ty thon leisurely San | States, but this 1s, of course, comparative, and that in ‘obbers | est them, | , | the rived parties, Tho-e is neither emercy nor Interesting from Central America. OUR NICARAGUA OOREESPONDENON. Leon pg Nioazaoua, Nov. 5, 1354. Nicaragua as she was and is—Her Past and Present Governments—Fertility of the Soil and Faults of | the People—Commercial Importance of her Posi- | tion—Shall England and France avail themselves | Of it?—Progress of the Revolution—Chances of | Castellan and Chammorro— Sympathy of the other | | States—Affairs ut Greytown—Defence of the In- | habitants, ‘This time, Gear Hreaup, I'am satisfied. I am in advance of the mail, for there is no mail but your correspondent, during all this mouth from the soi- disant capital of Nicaragua.’ My letter to you will | | necessarily bea long one, for I have promised to | tell you all Ieaw and heard and remembered, and | now for it. “ Like the voice,” then, ‘ of one crying | | arer | in the wildernces,” my greeting to you and to your | | readers goes up from this far off land. I say “ wil- | dezness,” aye, it is eo or worse—s “ howling wilder- nese”—or more still (for all good purposes), and socially and morally (absolutely) an arid desert, iso- | lated, barren, desolate, and yet physically—that is in soil, climate, vegetab'e and mineral products, geo- | graphical forma:ion, and geological formation—Na- | ture never did more for'any country. Its physique | | ancient primeval virgin forests are wild, gloomy, | magnificently grand. Such is ite unexaggersted, | physical aspect, while mentally (by which I mean | in respect to man, in all his endowment) it is cursed with a race which (for all purposes of true effete. Tt is sa'd to be better im some of the other with what could not be well worse. The best au ming up of the whole which I can make under pre- sent circumstances, and faithtully, according to my | until thirty years ago, they were politically | a ping bye ah ya through which ' had could be disci were, entire, than seeing understanding nothing, they sought to ister a democratic government—like Never, perhaps, has the Pbeton, in his wild eesay to aun, been eo closely agro) fa for antecedents! What weuld you expecttofind? Just what you | do find-—ignorant, fas cr poe indolent, poor, dirty, saucy, gocd , and—-what is worse | than all others together, as a predicate of hope for cult in the world: Take map and it actually and cemlss BF It stands old world of Europe aud the no longer a barrier to that dreamed of passage, ‘the adventurous Genoese, to the | India Steam, the giant civilizer amy ime but a single iron gs, and that barrier tottered ‘The two oceans in Ni ‘ ugh 0 of the eas'ern world, who, after pee hag over ee many astrand, pay against peonghetoe: gate’ nations, and loud avd long is the call whieh says: Open unto me—I come lacen with the treasures ot the elder continent—eivilization, abundance and en- | it pass? oceans kiss each other in com: | | be medina ne what then becomes the future || Nicaragua‘ vers populous with ers— | benks whitened with towns and villa, her their lovely skies blackened with the smoke of mes- senger of commerce, and her coasts whitened with be pp ies Las hry ay Pai Cabinet's caprice—the i pliant for pro- | thas become the great ' i z ii F i E i : 5 5 a forests are the birthplace of the cecar, and her soil is virgin—a_ ve; Her wiods are rich in the weal! ince , while that same North’s necessi- ties are Lere of spontaneous growth, or when cared for are “‘not of twenty but an hundred fold.” Hum- | boldt, the great Prussian high priest of nature, once said of Venezuela:-—He ho stoops has encugh wherewith to sustain lie, and he who | labors becomes rich.” Infinitely more sois it so in | Nicaragua, while the inducements in the latter are immeasurably greater. Such, then, is the scenery on this Central American '. The players are fast their paris. Eng- | land has chosen hers already. She would fain be player and prompter too. What part are we to sa- some in this it drama of ‘he commercial world ? | I say assume, for surely the progressive spirit of our | country, our age, will not await until one is assigned Us, nor is the word conscrvative in the voca- ry of our excellent President. If Nicaragua is the gateway of tbe nations, and will not open to us | —to us, her'co laborers and prototypes iu the cance of republicaniem—wh, , let us break dowa the gate- way! If she will w herself to be England's | ¢upe, and to be trammelied in the wily web of Bri | tish diplomacy util, bound hand and » She fails an easy prey ito the wide-open hungry jaws of the self-styled British lion—if Britain, never gorged, muct, like the daughters of the horseleech, cry | ever and again, still cry “Give! give!” —if, a word, Nicaragua must be crificed for the world’s t, let us, God’s ame, in the world’s, in humani- ty’e—let the executioner—the eh at ba bene ot anon Nisan And 2 me presen’ tion. , more thon evec since her hietory began, is torn by revolu- top, and pe Bw every Th 1» once the minister from her to the United States and to | England, is the chief leader of tte ome party styled | the “democratic,” and 58 1 E i Z ‘ ze ; i : | KS : othe » Well | cessfully rebelled against, but not yet, oor likely | to be, While here, 1 have just leare. ed that Castilon conquer, he is the last mun in thegState who is likely to be the President. From my own observation, I am sure | that he is exceedingly unpopular with the army, | from the fact that he is not one of thom. Cham- | | Morro, 1 feel morally certain, will ultimately sacceed. Many Americapa havetaken sides with the more | popular side of Castillon, Some have been killed, | amo those who survive wiil have es their reward but | the remembrance of the historically celebrated in- | gratitude of the Hispsno American, From the other States we have but this:—Guate- mala bas sent two thousand men to aid Caammorro. Passing Salvador they were stopped, and Carrera, the President of Guatemala, returned orders th’ they should pass, whether the State of San Salvador ecdeavored to prevent them or not. Costa Rica has declared almost openty in favor of the legitimate president. Some say that Chammorro has offered to cede part of the territory of Nicara- | in case of bis succeeding re Costa | Rica. Tnis 1 do aot believe. I hare no question, however, that the wer will long continue bet wera to bring It to oonciasion. Chsaomorre ja la poartenioa « da loee nt Nicaragua, | |-is not unconstitutional. Judgmen ; trial and on an appeal from an order made on such mo- | order @ new trial though no exception was taken. | mechanics, &c., in the city of New York, passed July 11, “| 1861, applies to work done and materials furnished afte 1 em | for | plaintifi’s claim im this action. | it appears alter the building i< erected that the caps, oc | tenant sells to a sub-tenant as | Don Carlos Vallencia, alins De Castro, charged with breai- & E 2 a rf fk | if é z ES z s He iE li H : I Intelligence from Venezuela, OUR CARACAS CORRESPONDENCS. j Caracas, Oot. 26, 1854. An Executive Execution—Colonel Vasques put t¢ Death by Monagas— His Tortures and Suffering— Degradation of his Body— Prevalence of Cholera— * Black Vormt in Puerto Cabello. a On the morning of the 21st our city was the the atre of one of the most strocious and horrible exe | in the battle alluded to that had crippled him fer! life, and taken prisoner in the engagement of Carlos, his life having been spared on that occasion| by General Silva, who sent him to this city, thinking | that his life might be spared by Monegas. death of Gen. Rodrigues, the chief of the tall Fire Department of New York vs. Wright Ingrekasee¥. 3. ie soe tpi s toe individual and foreign corporations and others. — ts veys vs. Devlin.—Woodruff, J. Ona motion for a ne: tion, the court may review all the proceedii had the trial and consider alleged erronecus ralings; thong’ net formally excepted to; and where there has been #, misdirection in the charge to the jury, which the court erceives may have wrought injustice, the coust bene cn an appeal from a jndgmeat, the hearing thereon ist like the former reviews ys ‘a writ of error, and the rul-, “ngs on the trial and the charge to the jury are onl; «yen to examination so far as they were excepted to general exception to the whole charge and to e pal thereof, when the charge embraces many separate pro positions, is improper, snd will not be catertained.” fail wn action for assault and battery, if it appear that ; efendant acted under an honest belief that he was t mmediate danger of an assault from the plaintiff, andi that self-defence required him to repel such assault, that Lelief, if induced by the conduct of the plaintiff, should# relieve the defendant from vindictive or exemplar; camages. Judgment affirmed with costs. Miller & Crome vs, Moore.—The act for the security took effect, although the contract thereof made previously. It is not in this respect uncoastitu tional. Taking the contractor's note for the claim, d not deprive the creditor of his right toa lien by Gling ti notice before the note is due, although it eannot be en. till afterward. Judgment affirmed, with costs. Soffe vs. Gallagher.—Wpodruff J.—When upon a sala. of goods the note of a third person is expressly received’ as payment therefor, it will have legal effect as a pa ment for the is, although the purchaser endorses th note. In such case the vendor is bound to treat the par. chaser as endoreer of commercial p: rights and liable only to the res} endorser; and the vendor cann action for the goods, ee he produces the note andl offers to surrender it on trial. Judgment set aside, ant) report opened and referred back to referee, either rr to Produce further testimony. Cests to abide the issu-~) Vanderbilt vs. Persse—Ingraham J.—In an action for} use and occupation, where it MPpesrs the hired by an agent who signed a under seal withou' anything but parol authority, and the tenant afterwards occupied the premises and paid the rent according J held that the plaintiff was ontitled to recover, not if standing sufficient authority to execute in the agent wa not shown. Judgment reduced to $321 27, and affirmed for that sum with costs in court below, but withou! costs of appeal to either party. Hannay vs, Pell.—Ingraham J.—A surety agninat! whom « judgment has been recovered, may set up the} recovery of such judgment as a defence in an actio: brought Wy the principal against him for money. Juig- ment modified so far as to circet that plaintiff pay tha| judgment set pe by defendant in his answor, deducting, amouut reported due, and that defendant therefore pay such amount reported due upon the judgment in full « Coats to be awarded ty neither party, Russell vs. Ruckerman.—Ingrabam, J.—Where al sheriff levies under a wadfaat of attachment upon tha! property of the plaintiff and upon a note which tie plaintiff has at the time in the course of prosecution, such levy cannot be set up by the defendant ine sup- pleroental answer asa defence to the plaintif’s recovery. The action may be continued by the Sheriff in the name of the plaintiff, or the Sheriff may be substituted 4s plaintiff at his election. Paywent to the Sherif, it seems, may be a good do- lence. y Whether a supplemental answer can be filed ina Jus- tice’s court. ‘Gone? Judgment in this case reversed, with costs. : Norris vs. Lafarge.—Woodrull, J.—Where an ownee \eing about to build house, enters iuto a conteact with « mechanic or manufacturer to furatsh the window caps, and the latter agrees to do 50, “of = good quality for the place’? in which they are to be set, bat # portion thereof, are imperfect and unskilfully made, and of no value, the owner is not precluded by the mere fact that the caps are sct in the walls, from claiming im an action brought against him for the work, labor, and materials, a suitable deduction on account of their im- perfections. Setting the caps is not necessarily an ac- ceptance of the work as a full performance of the| agreement. The maxim caveat emptor, appliable to the sales of goods, does not apply tosuch a case. Jitig- ment reversed, with costs. Beekman vs. Boorman.—Ingraham, F. J.—Wherer- nal property artictes which are a part of the frechold, to which he has no title except as tenant, the purchaser may recover damazer for » breach of contract in the sale on account of the failure of the vender’s title. ‘The subsequent destruction of the property or the forfeiture of the lease to the original sandlord, does not, discharge such liability of the vender. Quimby ce. Vanderbitt. Judgment reversed and oew trial ordered. Costs to abide event unless the plaintit within ten days elect, in writing, to modify bin judy ment by remitting $180 of the amount of the verdict re covered, im which case the judgment ix modified accor. tingly and affirmed for the resitue withon’ coats of ay. peal. Annes? oF THE CELEBRATED Carrain Vacienora. —Tho New Orleans press record the arrest of tho notet ing open a trunk and taking theretr . The Ber saye:—He commenced his enrcer os a barver at Vern Cruz, Wut his restless nature would not allow him long toretmain in this servile condition, and we hear of one quondam seraper in New York, where he was reovived with open arms by the aristocracy, he ving ade pre: tensions of velonging toa noble family. He was soon, bowever, expose and detected ia various swindling and forging tranasctions, and was compelied to fly from that city te save himvelf, Since that time he has been in roost of our Sonthern and Western cities and has car. ried on his peculitr operations wherever he has been. He arrived in this city abouttwo weeks azo, and brow with him from Kentieky, where he has beam auinmor a highly, respeefable and beautiful young lady, whom bad persuaded to hocome his wife, and had enliced ata from her home, ‘The prisoner ts of a very preporessiag appenrance and Conversation, and is not above twenty nix years of age. He is, it te said, master of mo lee th ‘our languages, aad 1s also an excoilont mustang, anil painter,