The New York Herald Newspaper, November 21, 1854, Page 7

‘The Pacific Rafiroad Through Texas. ‘ DATOUE, HAIR. ANP AGSETTSDs it that deposit bss been accepted. whe Mumia Beute Times, of the 4th isst., gives the foi brief bistory of the transactions in rela tion to — On the Zit of October Mr. George Hsncock veusatat, ‘8 oertleate of tweaipdcer’ thousend ae went ehares in the Suseex Iron Company, at $12 50 per Btate ef New Ji , Certifying to the correctness of the exhibit, aie solvency of toe company, andthe value of the stock. George M. Dallas, ex-Vise Preeideut of the United Sta‘es, acd Chancellor of New York, both gave cortificates corro Governor Price's, and ex; From last'summer up to within « few days. past Gappenee bat seamed abe ft of jadzivg of of the securities wa oeprslt, in accordance the twelfth section of the act the Treasurer was the legul authority to decide the question. the 24 of November, Gov. Pease addressed a note to Mr. Reymond, asking if a deposit had been received and accepted at his office, comiag from R. J. Walker and his associstes, ir accordaucs with the apne te Rag = cde : so’e fs ABS yD VD re} a re; . ‘This latter move re- ‘der ‘the se erepariog vies ‘or how be deci-e4 is yet to be de- on cogzizant of travspiring events. Until the last da or £0 we bad viewed the contract as having expir. * with the’ re(usal of the Governor to receive the de- pom te eince it 127 peed) he is not charmed vie e mance ¢: luty, we are disposed to believe otberwise. pi Fie Bezels am acts Senet coe the % of the 4th, annousces that the State Treasurer had notified the Governor officially cf the reception of a deposit'of $300,000 on the part of R. J. Walker and ae Be The State Times extra contains the correspond- ence, which we copy for general information :— Exacorive Or¥ics, 1 Avsrin, Texas, Nov. 2, 1854. f | Sm—It bas become my duty, offiially, to inquire |of you whether Messre. R. J. Walker, T. Batler | King, M. T. Johnson, J. A. Greer, W.C. Lacy, {Samuel A. Maverick, Hascock, John Han- ‘cock, James H. Raymond, James B. Shaw, Wm. H. | Bouriand, H-P. Bee, John W. Harris, Matt. Ward, ‘Leonard ‘Randall, J. Pinckney Henderson, and ©. B. Nichola, who entered into a contract with the ‘Governor of this State, on the 31st day of At last, to construct the epee and Pacific Eail- “An act to provide the Mississippi and Pacific | Railroad,” app: December 21, 1853, have de- | posited with you, as the Treasurer of the State of | Texas, three iundred thousand dollars in gold or \aiver, or evidences of debt of the State of Texas, or ‘other good par stocks, as a rantee that fit: miles or more of said rcad shall be constrac‘ed ant ‘in complete order for business within the term of eighteea minths from the date of said contract, in ‘accordance with the provisions of the 12th section of said act, and the terms of the eaid comtract? ‘And, also, whether such a deposit was made and accepted by you within sixty aoe ee ee parties en! into said contract? An avawer is Yequeated at your earliest convenience. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. M. Paass. Ja8. H. Rarmonn, Treasurer, &c. (copr.] Treasvner’s Orrice, Avarin, Nov. 4, 1854. Sim—I have the honor to acknowledge the recsipt ‘of yow Exceliency’s favor of the 2d inst., - ing certain inquiries relative to the deposit of | $300,000 by the contractors for the building of the | Pacific Rauroad. ctfully beg leave to answer all of your affirmative, and further state that, arliest moment possivle, I wM lay before I bave the honor to be your \eervant, Jamas H. RayMonp. To his Excelleney E. M. Psasz, Goveraor, &c. in pabieies § 2, the State Times remarks:— Judging from the Governor's it inferred he will take the view en' b » and deem the matter eettled by the act of the State Treasurer. Ifsuch be the case, there is cause Re ee eee ee eee ee position of e question of vast importanse to them in ovesy pot view. z s authorized by 850, and redeemable the 3ist of December, 1864, (commonly called the Texan indemnity,) 6 of each certificate from the , 1854, date of receipt and settle- Treasury, with the allowance (for the = to reach the owner) of one day's interest in a jon. Payment for said stocks will be made in drafts of the urer of the United States, on the assistant treasurer at Boston, New York, or Philadelphia, as the parties ma) Bat no cer will be entitled to the benefit of this notice which shall not be actually reseived at the Treasury on or before the said 20th gay of No- next. Jags Guruem, of the Treasury. The time during wish the above named stocks will be Mecye nn Ha this de nt upon the terms is hereby extended to 3let ee ne: 8 James Gotaare, of the Treasury. ‘Treasury Department, 1854. Payment OF AwREARS TO CHILDREN oF PEN Eis families are seen daily in our streets, ‘They seem well provided with the ries of Ife, and bear the evidences of good livi A me jority of those we have seen eoeaon have negro ‘The Lees of the Peepers Saqenee on the #TATEMENT OF ¢ LPT. ALEXKANDER—LIST OP THM LOsT AND SAVED. the Detroit Tribune, Noy, 17.] {From Bhi; k and loas of life alws; hb Sitar welt Sevan tein of facta, and I herewith submit for publication anoh asnow occur to my recollection. The propelier -ephalus left Chisago Nov. 4, with 14,000 bushels Buc of corn, to take on the balance of cargo at Milwan- kie. After tbat place we enoountered a coa- stant succession of gales, antil ‘gers the 1%h, when, after lea’ Presque Isle with appareat fair weather, the suddenly from west to northeast, with light snow, but the barometer showed no indi ation of a gale until 3 P. M., when it began $0 fall rapidly, and a furious snew storm set in immediately. At5 P.M. the wind hed increased to a gale, snowing and freezing hard. The sea rising rapidly, caused us to eecure ing it Om Soginaw bay. Ato P. M. gangways were stove in, car parently suitt- 64, aa the propeller had’ heavy’ lun to starboard. Great quantities of water cameon deck, and I at once decided to throw over the deck load of grain and seed in bage, in order, if possible. to ri, the propeller. B:fore we had accomplished Nee the | on gangs? ‘was stcve in, and wae minutes af- le one gave way. gang waya on the lee side being a aud the decks com, ly a with water, I determined, as our oaly hope, totun before the sea till we could secure the gang: ways again. By great exertion the after one (being amall) was secured, but the others from their ater could at be fastened up. Up to ‘is. tise (oleae lo mush water. ihe P, M.) the propeller haa nof mad: hatches being well secured and the wind lulling a little, and another propeller near by bound down, our deck load mostly a:l off, | thought we ied end sbly reach St. Clair river. But when wo kept ap on our course, the sea yet running neavy, the list ‘the boat go great, such immense quantities of w: constantly rushing in on the lee side. taas the pelier would not ateer. After keeping the helm hard be port i time, _ vivlent erie pte ‘boat straining her very mu povery tte, sround the stern from the hull— by 1s1ge quantities of water into the fire I— aaw that our only salvation was to keep the rca, ani take our charce for the Charity [sland ot Port Au Barqnes. Tae helm was aypeker ye as hard to starbeard, amd the propeller came nly round befcre the wind, whioh at thie time was blow- { g a/most a hurricane, with hail and snow, and the h-aviest sea I ever saw on the lakee. At thia ‘ime again sew the propeller prerionaly, noticed sppareatly before the wind, (which proved to be the propeller Ma;flower.) We had not boen be- fore the wind more than half an hovr,when, at about midnight, heating an unusual noise at the atera, I found on examination that our rudder had entirely disappeared, and that the rudder pos’ was nanging at an angie of fifty degrees aft, the motion of the wheel wpe and the rudder (which must have been still hanging by the chains) into that position. The boat at once br: to, the sea took every- thing from the main deck, each one lifting the gusrds and pouring in torrents of water, aituough the pump worked by the pony engine, and also one by the main engine, we discharging a large on y of sled every minute. oe ‘the Aig rolling s¢emgd to open every seam, and no! re- mained but to get the boats ready, the orev aad paseengers divided off under the charge of compe- tent officers, and to await the proper time to launch. The Jadies vere put in the lar; boat, under com- mand of Mr. Stoddard, the first mate, his number zine, leaving seven for each of the other two. Mr. Shoemaker, a German, took charge of the other quarter boat, and with him the devk hands, who were Germans, and one wheel:man, were to go. Burkets, oars, axes, aad all things necessary. were lashed in the boats. I then took Mr. White, the second officer, and went to the top of the cabin where our l'fs boat was lash- ed, and made preparation to get it do«n on the for- ward deck, an undertaking attended with great danger from the heavy rolling of the propellor. My crew consisted of two boys, the cook ai hands (one of whom was very sick with the typhus fever.) We finally got our boat forward, and almost immediately the propellor sunk. was launched well, but filled about half full of wa- ter, which was soon baled out. The boat uader charge of Mr. Shoems ker, by cutting the stern tackle firat, was filled, and when Mr. Stoddard got his boat bail- ed out and attempted to go back to assist them, he found it whdlly impracticable from the heavy sea, and was, therefore, compelled to keep directty be- fore the sea as his only chance tor Wil ny weak and inefiiciens orew, ourfate was well nig sealed. The p piopelee sunk stern foremest. The awful crash of oadins as the soa came rushing for. ward, seemed to paralyze all bat Mr. White aud my- -elf, the result ot which was that our boat slid dowa unéer a projection of the cabin deck, and as the propeller suak took the end of the boat down with it, filling it completly full of water. [twass mi- racle taat we es being ergulphed with the tinking wreck. Mr. White, who was in that end of the boat foul of the wreck, succeeded by supsrhu- man exertions in getting her clear, and we fouud bean ives holding on to a bopt completely under water. Our situation was truly awful, with the sea break- ipg over us every moment. There was no alterna- tive left but to get out and hold on to the sides of the boat till she could bs bailed out. This, most were loth to do, until White set the exampl after seas bre! — exbausted, we succeeded in her above the surface. Our hopes rerived. We bailed with increased and our iron eggshell (called life- oat) was once more afloat.. We now a our oars, but the men to use them were not among the crew. White and , With an oar at each end, maraged to keep her before the sea, until the boys had an hour or s0, 80 that they could pull quite well. The sick d at the water that constantly came pouring in, while the cook was eo paralyzed toat he could do no ye ahead. We ‘cear Whe danger of land any: a el langer ing where about Point au Barques with such a fa- rions sea, I determined to wait for daylight. Bo: after this we discovered a ht light ou the shore, and all said at once that e other boats had landed, and that the light came from thelr fire. Itried to explaia to them our certain fate if we attempted to land on a coast where ree‘s extend two and three miles into the lake, but they, well nigh dead from cold and wet, had jeast of all fear of, or care for reefs aud b-eak- ers. I therefore finally concluded to drop in; taking ore oar, the deck hand and porter the other, we started for the breakers. The first one we passed enguiphed fast sink- turred her over. The sick man and porter were in j:-r, baving held on to the seats while under her. Mr. White had been pitched from one end to the other, and also succeeded in holding on. The other boy beirg s swimmer, reached the boat and was ped in, bat the cook and John Weiver, the deck hand, were gone. We were row in @ worse condi- tion than ever—about halfa mile from shore, oars and bucket , and every breaker completely bu- tryin, 'e were fortunate, however, in recov one oar with which we could keep our Led seen be- fore the sea until we reached shoal , where I ot out, and with the help of the porter, dragged er ashore at Bird's creek, ten miles northwest of Pt. au Barques a house. Men were on the look ont for us, as Mr. Stoddard bad safely landed about an hoar before. Bat Shoemaker and his beat’s crew must have perished near the wreck, a3 there seemed to be a lack of energy and firmaess in lwunching their boat. The folio are the names of those lost:-~ nee Shoemaker, late second officer, Perrysburg, 10. David Brown, wheelsman, Beaver Ialand. Anderson Rector, cook, Colchester, C. W. John Weber, deck haud, Buffalo. George Ruspersugh, do. do. Henry Woerer, do, do. George Smith, do. a>. do. do. Michael Stein, Jacob Marks, ae 5 Man, name unimown, do., Port Washington, Wis. The was not seea for some time Lefore the sinking of the propeller. LIST OF BATKD. 8. Alexander, master, Baffaio. R. Stoddard, first officer, Buffa'o. DM 7 pio offtcer, Buifaio. . H. a Buffalo. Peters, eter King, fire: y Jack Rollie a Antonio Gerhart, desk us W. Wm Day, passe Toy, Mrs. Maria Midtorth, pusseager, Now York city. ‘Ring Garten = “JA ing twenty four lost. ‘The sous ‘apd daughters of Mew. Midforta ot Troy and wo Be or oe ee of her little ry grand-da' W m ti of her safety, But very few horse food fad clothing, nearly all being entirely destitute. Had led among the of le, cur anf. Fert; would have been grest. "To Whe families of Mr. Kimball, Mr. ey, Mr. Fiilbrick, and otuers, we remain under lasting ebligations. Censvs or Mronroan.—A census hes been taken in Mi in lately, which State te f4and to comtain 606 698 itante, In 1940 it hed 397,966 inbabl- tanta, Lncresge in four yours, 106,738, two deck | The large boat | THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Celebration of its Semi-Centennial Auni- versary at Niblo's Saloon. ORATION BY HON. GEO. BANCROFT. The Necessity, the Reality, and the Promise Of the Progress of the Race, BANQUET AT THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL. Speeches by Hon. Luther Bradish, George Bameroft, Bobt. C. Winthrop, Fred. P. Staaten, Dr. Franck, &o., &0., &e. One of the largest and most fashionable audiences that we have ever seem at any public celebration in this city, assembled yesterday in Nibio's Saloon, to listen to the delivery of an oration by the Hon. George Baneroft be- fore the New York Historical sgciety, on the occasion of its semi-centennial anniversary. The literary fame of the orator crowded the building at an early hour, and long before the commencement of the exercises every available space was occupied. The parquette was re- served for the members of the society—the President, lecturer, and guests occupying the stage. The following advertisement contains the programme of the exercises: — New Yorx Historicat Socrery.—Seam-CentEensta Ceiy- tw ation.—The programme of prooeedings tiais day is to b as tollows:— ‘Uke soeiety will assemble at the Library rooms in the Caoversity, at 2 o'clock P.M. precisely, where Their & ¢sts will be received and introduced to the President by tie Feception Committee. Members and guests ac que: ted to be punctually present at that hour. At 23, o'clock I. M., the society, with their guests will proceed to Niblo's Saloon, where the literary exe.- cises will take place in the following order:— us we 1. Mus 2. Addceas by Hon. George Baacroft. Musi 8. Benediction. Music. The doors of the saloon will be opened at 24 o'clock Y. M., for the admission of those who have secured tickets for the occasion. ‘The officers and mombers of the society who have se- cured tickets, together with their guests, will dine at the Astor House, at 6 o'clock P. M., precisely. Seats at the table wAl be assigued by the stewards. ‘The music at the saloon, as well as at the dinner, will be under the direction of Harvey B. Dodworth, Esq. Subscribers to the dinner are requested in all cases to call for their tickets before 12 o’cock. By order GEORGE H. MOORE, Secretary- Ju accordance with these arrangements, the guests as- sembled at the Library rooms in the University, and pro- ceeded thence to Niblo’s, where they arrived about three chuck. ‘The exercises were opened with a few remarks by Hon. Lutuxr Bravisn, who spoke as follows :— Fifty years have rolled their ceaseless tides along the current of time since a few enlightened men laid in wise thought the foundation of the New York Historical y. That institution, through varying fortune, but with cver-inereasing effort and extonding usefulness, has already reached the close of the first half century of its existe and we are now assembled to celebrate the first semi-centennial anniversary of its origin. The ex- ercises of the occasiva will commence with prayer, to be offered by the Rev. Dr. Dewitt, the first Vice-President of the society. Rev. Dr. Dswirr catne forward and made the following prayer — Thou holy One who inhabitest eternity and im- 1 Sovereiga, Ruler, and Lord of all, Thine is » Kingdom, the power and the glory. We bow before Thee at thy footstool. Thy Throne is founded in justice and judgment, and we thank Thee that we may now ap- proach Thee in the name of Him who has abolished death, and by His gospel brought life and inmortality to light., We thank Thee for all the mercies of thy provi- dence of which we partake individually, and ‘i domestic and social relations; we thank Thee es for thy favors extended to us, aud all the bi brought forth upon the people of these now States. We revert to two centuries and half a when the first colonists came with the open Bible, the open school and the open sanctuary; and now, as we re- member the handful of corn we realize, that it is shaken like Lebanon, and that the yine thou didst plant when the heashen were cast before it, has taken deep root, and fills the land, and that the branches thereof reach from sea to sea; that the seed then sown has sprang up and the tree has spread its branches till from sea to sea it is bearing its fruit, and the fruit thereof shall be for the healing of the nations. We would hold in memory our ancestry—the wise men in council, and’ the valian: in the feld—we would remember their onward course i. the struggle for likerty, the attainment of our independe ic, and the formation of our constitution, under which have dwelt so quietly and prosperously. And in view «1 the wonderful growth of population, the results of act!:e industrry, and the,influence that is extending abro d through the world, we would say, go forth,enlighten every part of our land; and may righteousness exalt us and sin not be our reproach. We pray for all ju authority and for ali who entrusted with rule in our National and respedtive State governments, that they may be men fearing God and hating covetousness. We are met at this time in commemoration of the anniversary of the New York Historical Society—we thank thee for its growth and for the success that is attending it now. Grant thy blessing continually upon it, and bless kin- dred institutions in the search for materials to complete the history of our country. Bless all institutions design- ed to spread education mentally, morrally and spiritual ly. Be with us at this time, and be with him who has consented to address us on this occasion, and may weall feel that the influence and result of this meeting is to increase our feelings of Christian patriotism and of Christian philanthropy. All we ask is in the name of our adrred and precious Redeemer, Jesus Christ, who has teucht us to pray: “Our father who art in Heaven, hal. lowed be thy name, thy kingdom come, thy will be ‘done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.and lead us not into temptation, bot deliver us from evil, for thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory forever and ever. Amen!” At the conclusion of the foregoing, there was music by the orchestra, after which Mr. Bancrorr was iatro- duced by the Hon. Luther Bradsh. After the applause wiih which he was received had subsided, the distinguish- ed lecturer proceeded to deliver the following :—, ORAT ION. Prorugrs, Gursts, anp Frrexps or me New York H. contcat socrerr:—We are assembled to celebrate the completion of a halfcentury unequalled in its discoveries and its deeds. Manis but the creature of yesterday, anil Sfty years form a great length in the chain of his entire existence, Other topics attract the inquirer who would «go back to remotest antiqiity. The student of the chro- nology of the earth may sit on the bluffs that overhang the Mississippi, and muse on the myriads of years during which the powers of nature havo been depositing the ma- terials of its deta. He may then, by the aid of itiduc- tion, draw still nearer to the beginnings of time, as he meditates on the succession of ages that assisted to con- struct the cliffs which raise their bastions over the stream: or to bury, in compact layers, the fern-like forests that have stored the bosom of the great valley with coal; or to crystalize the ancient limestonainto mare ble; or, at a still earlier epoch, to compress liquid masses of the globe into seams of granite. Bat the records of heso transitions gain their chief interest from their Mustrating the changes through which our planet was fashioned intd a residence for man. Science may ream into the abysses of the past, when the earth moved silently in its courses without observers, just a: it may reach those far-off regions of nebular fields of. light, whose distance no numbers that the human facul- (les may grasp, can intelligibly express. But aa the sub: lime dwells notin space, so it dwells not in duration. To find it we must contemplate the ‘igher subject of man, It is buts few centuries since he was called into existence, and yet the study of his nature and his desti- ny surpasses all else that can engage his thoughts, At the end of a period which has given new proof that un- ceasing movement is the condition of all Anite existence, we are called upon to observe the general character of the changes in his state, Our minds irresistibly turn to conaider the laws, the circumstances, and the prospects of his being; we are led to fnquire, whether bis faculties and hia relations to the universe compel him to a steady course of improvement; whether in the aggregate he has a.caally made advances; and what hopes we may cherish respecting his future. The occasion in- vites me to speak to you of the necessity, the re- ality, ond the promise of the progress of the race. Since everything that is limited is in perpetual change, the condition of our race is one of growth or of decay. Tt ls the glory of man that he is conscious of this law of Lis existence. He alone is gifted with resson, which looks upward as well as before and after, and connects im with the world that is not discerned by the senses, He alone has ‘he faculty #0 to combine thought with affection, that he can lift up his heart and feel not for himself only, but for bis brethren and bis kind. Every man iv in subrtance oqual to iris fellow man, His nature is changed neither by time nor by country. Ho bears no maths et haviag riven to his present degree of perfection by successive transmutations from inferior forms; but the ‘peculiarity and au rity of hia powers, he shows bimself to have been created separate and distinct from all other classes of animal life. He is neither de- fonerating into such differences as could in the end no longer be classified together, nor rising into a highor apeci¢s,. Each member of tho race is in will, affection and intellect consubstantial with overy other, No paa- sion, mo noble or degrading affection, no generous or selfish impulse haa over appeared, of which the es does not exist in oy, breast, No acionoo hag uch no tl $ staked. potently ia of » therefore, ing from aup- posed possibility of his sogstring new faculties, or into ‘the possession of a now ‘ture. Still lewa does truth change’ ‘They speak falsely -who sa} that truth is the daughter of ‘time: it is the child eternity, avd as old as the Divine mind. The perception of it (akea in the order of time, truth itself knows nothing the succession of ages.’ Neither does mo- rality need to perfect itself; it is what it always has ‘been and always wil! be. Its distinctions are older the sea or the dry land, than the earth or the sun, tion of good to evil is fromthe beginning, aud { un- alterable. Progress of man consists in this: that he himself arrives a¢ the perception of truth. The Divine mind, which is jource, left it to be discovered, deve- and appropriated by finite creatures. The life of an individual is but a breath; it comes furth like a flow- er, and flees like a shadow. Were no other progress, therefore, possible than that of the individual, one age would have little advantage over another. But as every man partakes of the same faculties, and is consubstan- tial with all, it follows that the race also hasan exist- ence of its own; and this existence becomes richer, more varied, free and complete, as time advances, Common sense implies by its very name that each individual is to contribute some - 6! towards the gene- ral intelligence. The many are wiser than the few; the multitude than the philosopher; the race than the in: dividual; and each successive age than its predécessor. ‘The soeial condition of a century, its faith and its insti- tutions, are always analagous to its acquisitio Neither philosophy, nor government, nor political in tutions, nor religious knowledge, can remain much hind, or go much in sdtance, of the totality of contem- porary intelligence. The age furnishea to the master workman the materiais with which he builds. The out- break of a revolution is but the pulsation of the age, healthful or spasmodic, according to its harmon with the sum of human knowledge at the time. Fach now philosophical system is the heliograph of the passing condition of public thought. The state in which we are is man’s natural state at this moment; but it neither should be nor can be his permanent state, for social ex- istence is owing on in eternal motion, with nothing fixed but the certainty of change. Now, by tho neces- sity of the case, the movement of the human mind, taken collectively, is always®towards something better. ‘There exists in each individual, alongside of his own per- sonality, the ideal man who ‘represents the race. He bears about within himself the consciousness that his life is a struggle; and at every moment he feels the an- tagonism between his own limited nature and the better lite of which he conceives. He cannot state # proposi- tion respecting a finite object, but it includes also a re. ference io the infinite. Hycannot form a judgment but st combines ideal truth and partial error, and, as a con- sequence. sets in action the antagonism between the true and the fegt on the one side, and the false and the imperfect on the other. And in this contest the true and the perfect must prevail, for they have the advantage of being pei 4 In publie life, by the side of the actual state of the world, which is its natural state, there exists the ideal state towards which it should tend. ‘This antagonism lies at the foundation of all poli parties that ever have been, or ever can be formed. The elements on which they rest, whether in monarchies, aristocracies, or in re- publics, are but three, not one of which can be wanting, or society falls to ruin. The course of human destiny is over « rope of three strands, A party may found itself on things as they are, and strive for their unaltered per- petuity; this is conservatism, always found wherever established intereats exist, and never capable of unmin- gled success, because finite things are always in motion. Or a party may be founded on theoretic right, and strug- gle unrelentingly to conform society to the absolute law of truth and justice; and this, which is the party of en- thuslasts, can likewise never perfectly succeed, because the materials of which society is composed partake of imperfection; and to extirpate all that ia imperfect would lead to the destruction society itself, And there may bea third party, which secks to reconcile the two, but which yet can never thrive by itself, since it depends tor its opportunity of activity on the previous antagon- ism of the others. Without all the three, the fates coukl not spin their |. As the motions of the solar world require the cen! al foree, which, by itselfalone would draw all things into central confasion, the centri- fuga! force, which, if uncontrolled, would hurl the planets on a tangent into infinite space; and lastly, that recon- ciling adjustment, which preserves the two powers in harmony—so society always has within itself the elements of conservatism, of absolute right, and of reform. ‘The present state of the world is acceptod by the wise and benevolont as its necessary and natural state. But, at the same time, the practical statesman whose heart has been purified by the love of humanity, and whose purpose solemnized by fuith in the immutability of jus- é tice, seeks to apply every principle which in former ages or in his own, the human mind may lave masterod, and to make every advancement that {i are of his time will sustain. Ina word, ho will never omit an op. portunity to lift the world out of the ix f its actual and natural condition into Detter sphere that is nearer to ideal perf merits of statesmen are to be tested by this criterion speak of the judgment of humanity, not bf the opinion of classes, ‘The latter exalt and even dvify the advo- cates of their selfishness; and often megsure out. their paige by the degree of daring with whicltright and truth fave been made to succcuinb to their interests. Tey lavish laurels all the more profusely to hido the baldness ot their heroes. But reputation so. impa i everything else that rests only on the the applause of factions, or the suilrages of - fortunes are benefitted; fame so attained must. p. away like the interests’ of classes, but the nuines of those who have studied the well being of their fellow- mon, and in theirgeneration have sought to raise the worl from the actual to the ideal, is repeated in all the temples of humanity, and lives not only inits intelli- gence, but inits heart. These are they whose glory calumny cannot tarnish, nor pride beat down, Con necting themselves with man’s advancoment, their exam- ple never loses its lustre; and the echo of their footsteps is heard throughout alltime with sympathy and love. The necessity of the progress of the race follows, there- ‘ore, frow the fact that the great Author of ail truth has left it in its immutability to be observed, and has endowed man with the power of observation and gene- ralization. Preiscly the.same conclusions will appear, if we contemplate society from the point of view of the unity of the universe. ‘The unchanging character of law is the only basis on which continuous action can rest. Without it man would be but as the traveller over end- leas morasses; the builder on quicksands; the mariner without compass or rudder, driven successively whither- soever changing winds may blow. ‘The uuiverse is the reflex and image of its Creator. ‘The true work of art,” says Michacl Angelo, “is but a shadow of the Divine perfections.””. We may say in a more general mann that beauty itself is but the sensible image of the Infi nite; that all creation is the effluence of the Almighty; not as the result of caprice, but flowing out from his perfection; and as the universe thus produced is always in the course of change, so the regulating mind is a ling Providence, perpetually manifesting itself anew. If his designs could be thwarted, we should loso the great evi- dence of his unity, as wellas the anchor of our own hope. Harmony is the characteristic of the world of in- telligence, and immutable laws of moral existence must rvade ail time, and all space, all ages, and all worlds. he comparative anatomist has stadicd, analyzed, and classified, every species of vertebrate existence to be found now on’ the earth, in the afr, in the rivers, in the deep, or among the fossil remains of lost forms of being; and be discovers that they all, without excoptie nalogous, 6o that the induction be- comes irresistible, that an archetype existed pre- vious to the creation of the first of the kind. Shall then, besitate to believe that the system of law likewise pervades the moral world? We cannot shut our eyes to the established fact, that an ideal or, archetype pre- scribed the form of animal life; and shall we not believe that the type of all intellectual life likewise exists in the Divine mind? I know that there isa pride which calls this fatalism, and which rebels at the thought that the will of the Father of life should control what he has made. There | are those who must needs assert for their individual selves the constant possession of that power which the great English poet represents the bad angels to have lost heavea for once attempting to usurp; they are not con- tent with being gifted with the faculty of discerning the counsels of God, and becoming happy by conforming to his decrees, but claim the privilege of acting irrespec- tive of these decrees. Not satisfied with having been created in his image, they dssume the liberty to coun- teract his will. They do not perceive that cosmical orler depends on the universality and absolute certainty of law, that for that end, events in their course are not merely as fixed as Ararat and the Andes, but follow laws that are much older than Andes or Ararat—that are as old.as those which upheaved the mountains. The glory of God is not contingent on man’s good will, but all ex- istence subserves his purposes. The order of the universg is as a celestial poem whose beauty is from all eternity, and must not be marred by human interpolations. ‘Things proceed as they were ordered, in their nice and well adjusted and periect harmony—so that as the hand of the skilful artist gathers music from the harp- strings, history gathers it from the well tuned chords of time. Not that this harmony can be heard while events are passing. Philosophy comes after events, anil gives the reason of them, and describes the nature of their results, The great mind of collective man may one day’ arrive at eelf-conseiousness, so as to interpret the present, and feretéll the future; but as yet, the sam of present actions, though we ourseives take part in them, cems shapelesa and unintelligible. Bat all is ‘ons whole; men, systems, nations, the race, march ia accord with the dirine will; and when art of the destiny of humanity is faldlled, we see the ways ot Providence vindicated. The antagonlens of imperfect matter andthe perfect idea of liberty and necessary Jaw, become reconciled, What seemed irrational con- fusion appears as the web woven by light, liberty, and love. But this is not seen tilithe act is finished. The patriarch, when he desired to behold the Divinity face to face, could not do so; but he was able to catch a giimpse of Jehovah, after he had passed by; and so it oes with our search for Him in the processes of life. It fs when the hour of conflict is passed, that histor, comes to a right uuderatanding of the strife, and is ready to exclaim, ‘Lo! God is here, and we knew it not." At the foot of every page in the annals of time may be written, ‘God reigns.” Events as they pass wway “proclaim ‘their great original,” and if you will but listen reverentl; he may hear the receding centu- ries as they roll into the dit distances of departed time, perpetually chanting “Te Deum Laudamue,”’ with all the choral voices of the countless congregations of the ages. It is beause God fs visible in history tnat its office is the noblest except that of the poet. The pee atence the interpreter and the favorite of heaven. He catches the first beam of light that flows from ils uncreated source, He repeats the messege of the Infinite, without ways being able to analyze it, and often’ without knowing how he received it, or why he was eelected for ite utterance. But history yields ia dignity to him alone, for it not Neh peg ‘all the great encounters of life, but recalls what has vanished, and partaking of a bliss like that of creating, restores it fo animated bei The roineralogist takes 4 delight in con- templating the process of crystalizatiou, as though he had caught nature at ber work as a geo cian, giving herself up to be gazed at without concealnfent, such ae she appears in the very moment of action. But hie tory, as slic reclines in'the lap of eternity, sees the mind of humanity itself engaged in formative efforts, con- structing sciences, promulgating laws, organiziag com: monwoalths, and displaying: ils enorgice in the viaible movement of ‘ts intelligence, Of all pursuits that re- quire analysis, history therefore aiands frst, Tt is equal to philosophy ; for aw certainly as tho actaat bodies forth the ideal,'so certainiy does history contain hilosophy, It is grander than tho natural sciences; Tor ita etudy' 1a cao—the Inst wook of creation, and ths most perfect ia itagrelations with ye } In surveying the ebort which maa been the tenant of the eatth, the a4 Cie tatke ase it them to begin or how should is geen ii the earliest agen of society, abstract toute, un skilled in the methods of 1 ly emanci- pated from bondage to the material univers, How wonderful is it, then, that a» being whose first condition was 60 weak, 40 humble, and 40 naked, aad of whom no monument older than forty centuries can be found, should have accumulated such fruitful stores of intelii- pce, have attained to such perfection of culture! round upon this beautiful earth, this temperate zone of the solar system, and see how much man has done for its subjection and adornment; making the wil- derneas with cities, and the seemingly iahospit- able sea cheerfully social with the richly freigh' fleets of world-wide comgnerce. Look also at the condi- tion of socioty, aid consider by what amenities barbar- ism has been “softened and refined; what guarantees of | certain or inactive will, but intelligence and liberty have superseded the lawlessness of brute force, and what copious imterchanges of thought and loye have taken the place of the sombrestohdity of the savage. The wanderings of the nations are greater now than they have ever been in time and pro. ductive of happier results. eful emigration sets more myriads iu motion than all the hordes of armed barbarians, whethorGauls or Scythians, Goths or Huns, Northmen or Saracens, that ever burst from the Steppes of Asia and the northern nurseries of men. Our owt city gives evidence that the civilized world is becoming one federation; for, if you enter the sto of our merchants, you fibd collected the: man’s use the products of every zone, from furs that are whitened by Arctic snows to the spices which are ripened by the burning aun of the equator ; and if you classify its in- habitants, you find a people which is the representative of all the cultivated nations of Europe. Every climate is tasked also to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge. The minerals that lie on the peaks of the Himmalayas, the animals that hide in the densest jungles of Africa, the flowers that bloom in the solitudes of Sumatra, or the trackless swamps along the Amazon, are brought within the observation and domain of science. at equal diligence the internal structure of plants and animals has been subjected to examination. We may gaze with astonishment at the advances which the past fifty years have made in the science of comparative physiology. By a most dpborious aud long continued use of the microscope, and by a vast number of careful and minute dissections, man has gained such insight into animal beg, as not only to dedue its primary groups, but almost to draw the ideal archetype that preceded their creation. Not content with the study of his own organization and the comparison of it wit the fauna of every zone, he has beea able to count the pulsations of the heart of a caterpillar, ¢) watch the flow of blood through the veins of’ the silkworm, to enumerate the millions of living things that dwell in a drop of water, to take the census of creatures so small that parta of their members re- main invisible to the most powerful microscope, to trace the lungs of the insect which floats so gaily on the lim- ber fens of its wings, and revels in the full fruition of its transcendant powers of motion, The astronomer, too, has #o perfected his skill that he has weighed in a balance some even of the stars, ard marked the course and the time of their revolutions; while within the limite of our ewn system he has watched the perturbations of the wandering fires, till he bas achieved his crowning victory by discovering @ priori the existence and the place of an exterior planet. I have reminded you of the few centuries during which man has been a tenant of earth; and of the great proportion that the last half century bears to the whole period of his existence. Let us consider this more closely in reference to his condi- tion; for 1 dare to assert that, in some branches of hu- man’ achievement, the half century we commemorate has done more for his instruction and improvement than all which went before. Ido not here refer to our own country, because it is ; though its growth merits @ passing rema this time the area of our land has been so extended, that a similar increase during two more periods would carry the stars and stripes to the Polar ice and to the Isthiaus; while our popu 4s 80 multiplied that it now exceeds five times all who existed at the end of the two previous cen. es, and probably outnumbers all the generations that p beneath the soil. I speak rather of results in which the Old World takes its share; and I will begin the enu- meration by reference to an improvement which wo ma; delight to consider our own, Your thoughts go in ad- vance of me, and recall the fact that within ‘the period we commemorate, steam was first employed for both in- | terior and oceauic navigation. We, brothers of tho New York Historical Society, remember with pride that | this great achievement in behalf of the connection and the unity of the world, isdue to the genius of one of our members, and the encouragement of another—to Robert Fulton and to Robert R, Livingston. The same superiority over all preceding time belongs to this age in reference to the construction of the means of internal communication, What age all the artificial channels of travel and of commerce that existéd before the present century, compared with the canals and railroads con- structed in our time? Ishall not pause to estimate the number of these newly-made highways; their collective ngth, their capacity for journeyings and for trade. 1 eto others to comtrast the occasional Oriental or African caravan with the daily freight train on one of | our iron pathways; the postchaise, the stage coach, and the diligence, with the incessant movement in the canal bonts and the flying cars of the railroad. Yet, in your presence, my brothers, remembering the eleven men who, fifty years ago, met and organized our society, I must for an instant direct your attention to the sysiem which connects our own Hudson with the basins of the St. Lawrence, of the Delaware, of the Susquehanna, and ississippl. This magnificent work, one of the t triumphs of civilized men, 80 friendly to pear» eilected through the special instrumentality ot one of sume De Witt Clinton who, in the days when the city of New York gloried in her enlightened magistracy, was at the head of her municipal government, esteeming ft a rart of his public duty to care disinterestedly for the welfare of science and the fame of the great men of the country. The half century which we commemorate is | found to retuin the same character of superiority, if we det the study it has made of the history of the | Geology in that time has assumed & severe scientific form, doing the highest honor, 1 will not say to the individuni men who haye been concerned in the pur- suit, but to human nature itself, by the persevering ap plication of the system of induction; by the impertur- ; bi ble serenity with which seeming contradictions have | been studied till they have been found to confirm | the general laws, and men have been able to dis- cover in some degree the chronology of the | earth; ‘o demonatrate the regularity of its structure where it seemed most disturbed; and where nature her- self was at fault, and the trail of her footsteps broken, to restore the juat arrangement of strata that had been crushed into confusion, or turned over in apparently in- explicable and incongruous folds. And thus the geolo- | gist has been able to peruse the rocky tablets on which onored nature has set her inscriptions. He has ned the massive sepulchrea of departed forms of | Teing, and has pored over the copious records preserved there in stone, till they have revealed the majestic mareh of creative power, from the organism of the 200- phyte entombed in the lowest depths of siluria, through all the rising gradations of animal life, up to its subli- | fest result in Godlike man. Again: it is only in our day that the aun has been taugit to do the work of an artist, and in obedience to man’s will the great wave of light 'in its inconceivable swiftness of motion is com- pelled to delineate with inimitable exactness any object iat the eye of day looks upon. Of the nature of electri- | | city the last fifty’ years have revealed more than the | world inall past time had discovered, not even excepting | the age when our own Franklin called it from the This acrial invisible power has learved to tly as | man’s faithful messenger, till the mystic wires tremble with his passions, and bear his errands on the | wings of lightning He divines how this agency | which holds the globe in its invisible embrace guides floating atoms to their places in the crystal; or | teaches the mineral ores the lines in which they should move; where to assemble together, and where to liedown |-and take their rest. It whispers to the meteorologist the | J secrets of the atmosphere and the skies. For the che- mist in his laboratory it periects the instcuments of heat, dissolves the closest aftinities, and reunites the sundered elements. It joins the artisan at hia toil, and, busily employed at hs side, this subtiest and swiftest of exisiences patiently and carefully reproduces the designs | of the engraver, or the plastic art, and dig 4 the metal with a skilful delicacy and exactnesa whieh the most consummate workman cannot rival. more : | it enters into the composition of man hiinselt, and is ever resent as the inmost witness ot his thonglita and vok- ‘ons. These are discoveries of our time. But enough of this contrast of the achievement of one age with that of all preceding ones, It may scem to be at variance with | our theme, that a5 republican institutions gain ground, woman appears less on the theatre of . Bhe, whose presence in this thorns, who-e smile is ples and whose eye is the g: nature so reveres that ihe lovely veil of her spirit is the best terrestrial emblem of beauty, ceases to com mond armies or reign supremo vver legislation, Yet the progress of liberty, while it has made he icuous in historic events, has redeemed he possession of the fulldignity of her nature, ha made her, not man’s slave, but ‘his companion, counsellor, and fellow martyr; and for an occasional cendancy in political affairs, has substituted the uniform enjoyment of domestic equality. ‘The avenue to active public life seems closed against her, but without im yairing her power over mind, or her foie. The lyre is as obedient to her touch, the muse as coming to her call ‘as to thot of man; and truth in its purity finds uo more honored interpreter. When comparisons are drawn be- | tween tonger periods of time, the progress of the race appears from the change in the condition of man hin. self. Time knows no holicr mission than to assert the rights of labor, and it hag mot been unmindful of the earil, they would find no contrast more complete than between the workshops of Athens and those of New York. At Athens the slave practised the mechanic arts; nor did it occur to the pupils of the scademy that the here labor {s dignified and enobled, as it deserves, and has a right to be; the mechanic, in his freedom, knows ing filial obedience to her laws; his desire of auc. | cens in his occupation, whether in the shipyard or truth; at his daily ¢ inds face to face with the Jaws of ercation, so that it may be said of him that, like | Enoch, ‘he walks with God.” {ty years which we | celebrate, have taken mighty strides towards the sboli- | tion of servitude. Prussia, in the hour of its sufferings | and its greatest calamities, renovated its existence, part- ly by the establishment of schools, and partly by chang- ing its ser{s into a proprietary peasantry. In Hungary, the attempt towards ving .the nationality of tho Magvars, may have failed; but the last vestiges of bond age have heen effaced, andthe holders of the plough have become the owners of themselves and its soll, Uf { scheme t! | world ai matior; as (ate, beldigg the universe ia tts unrelenting grasp; as reason, forth of creation, a the primal source of according ‘o which the world was fashioned; lews power, careless of boundless exiatence; nite one slumbering unconsciously in tho finite fil Nothing of this could take hold of the common mind, or make Peor and Baalim Forsake their temples dim, ‘ or throw down the altars of superstition. For the veration of the world it was requisite that the Divine Belng should enter into the abodes and the bearta & men, aud dwell thore; that an idea of Him should which should include all truth respecting his cmsenoye that He should be known not only as an abstret absolute cause, but as a perfect being, from whese perfect uature the ugiverse in am effluence; not a & distant providence of infinite power, sad um> 4s God present in the Gost, , holding the material ent existence, in the chains necessity, but asa creative spirit, indwelling im man, hie wes not aa an absolute laweiy Stow worenae yids. Aas m the Divine us presen! the soul, he touched at once maa’ aspirations, afiections and intelligence, and faith in red sunk into the inmost heartof humanity. ba vain dié the proud and ambitious Arius seek to overlay spiritual truth with the fabulous conceptions of heat ganize Christianity, and to subordinate its enfr increment: ie yeas pty rn y of anne right of supremac; uy ition was driven from the Sed. Thee -sconed. Ast taroth was eclipsed, and ian fore then might have beem heard the crash he falling temples 1 came that harmo: bappicst union, Amidst all the deep sorrows manity, during the sad conflict which was prot through centuries for the overthrow of the he ree i bi i 2 if H Hi the op wretched, inapired alike the heroes of countless 8. The down-trodden nations as to the certainty of their future emancipation 80 filled the heart of the greatest poet of the middle perhaps the greatest poet of all time, that he bad prayer so earnest as to behold in the profound and cleae Substauee of the eternal light, that efreling of redacted light which showed the image of man. From the time that thia truth of the Triune God was clearly announcea, he was no longer dimly conceived as a fe and sha- dowy casuality, but appeared as all that is ‘eautiful and sree ay my were — Scrip ia- terceding, redeeming and inspiring; the union of liberty, love and light; the infinite cause, the infinite mediator, the infinite in and with the universe, as the paraslece anid the coms tuctee. a e (spina ‘onco communicated te man, was ineradicable. It spread as widely, as awiftly, and as ailentty as light, andthe idea" of God) with ob ewelt and dwells in every system of thought that can pre- tend to vitality—in every oppressed nat whose glos to be free have the promise of success, in that sighs for redemption. This brings me to the last divi- sion of my subject. ‘That God has dwelt-and dwells wit humanity is not only the noblest illustration of its nature, but the perfect guarantee for i tering on a new era in the though we cannot cast its horoscope, some measure discern the course of its motion. we are met at the very threshold of our argument by am afterbirth of the materialism of the last century. & feeble effort ia making to re-construct, society om the simple observation of the laws of the visible univeru® The aystem ia presented with arrogant pretension undew the namo of the “ Positive Philosophy,” and deduces tte lineage through the English unitarianism of Prieatiog and Belsham, and the French materialism which oulaal- nated in Broussais. It _acoffs at all questions of mete- physics and religious faith ax insoluble and unworthy 6 human attention; and sets up the banner of an sui creed in the very moment that it describes its maim characteristic as a refusal to recognize the infinite. How those who take their opinions from Hobbes anf Locke, and their continental interpreters, and stilladhere to the philosophy which owns no sources of kuowledge bas the senses, can escape the humiliating yoko of this new system, I leave to them to discover, But the is as little entitled to be feared at to be received, it has put together all that it can collect of the laws of i, ‘tk ise Ly ae E | the material universe, it can advance no further towarée the explanation of existence, morals, or reason. | who listen as well to the instructions of inward ex; ence, may smile at the air of wisdom with « t has no basis in the soul is prevented te the new universal creed—the Catholic churok of alist. Its handfull of acolytes wonder why the m: they remain so few. But Athoiam never holds sway ovee succeeding. human thought, except as a usurper; no child of its own Error is @ convertible term with decag. Falsehood and death are synonymes. Falsehood cam gain no permanent foothold in the immortal soul, for is eternally and universally true. there can bo no abiding or real faith, exceptin that whicla ’ Tho futare of the world will never produce a race of atheists, and thete casual appearance is but the evidonec of some ill-undeg- day. he rejects all connection with the infinite | stood truth—some mistakea direction of the lumam mind—some pao tial and in atheist de rfect view of creation. The ife, which is the source of W- Jaiming himaelf 3 mere thing of to re- ies the life of Proel tending to search for truth, he abjures the spirit of could be- troth Were it ible that the world | come without God, that greatest death, the doath of the race, would ensue; and when « better crya- | tion should succeed, there would be no more to be knowa of the departed one than is known of the mastoden oe obles ¢ _ the ichthvosaur, and industry, to union and true national glory, was | himself from his inward exper! our origiual founders and most active membera—tho | can receive a religion whose history It ig beenyse man annot sesmrais tlences and his yearning vf ter the induite, that he is capable of progrens; that ie is the triumph of right over evil, whose symbolis the resurrection. | Tix reciprocal relation between God and humanity cow: tutes the unity of the race. The more complete reeos- 1 tion of that unity is the first great premise whieh «= rom the future. Separate nations have, indert, separate creeds, and institutions, and homes. ‘The commonwen'th of mankind, a8 a great whole, « += not to be constructed inone generation, But the diff-c ent nations are to be considered as its component pac’ « repared like so many ceparate springs and wheel Any to be put together. Every’ tends to that ‘co: ri of the world, revealed the paths of tr- chronicled even ‘the varying courses of ta~ ile commerce circles the globe. At our anté- podes. a new continent, lately tenanted only by the wild est men and the strangest product of nature. the kangaroo and the quadruped with the bill of a bir. rises into existence a one day to do an outpost of civilizativ.s. service in nerating the worl at work our country holds the noblest ranic. jued chiefly the region round the Mediterranr: In this Rome sw 22 and the Euxine, both inland seas; the German —— spread from the German Ocean to the Adriatic. ae Jand extends far into the wilderness, and beyond the wilderness; and while on this side the great mountains, it gives the Western nations of Europe a theatre for the renewal of their youth; on the tranamontane side, the hoary ¢tvilization of the farthost antiquity leans forward from Asia to reccive the glad tidi gers of freedom. ‘The islands of the of the new measeu- Tacific entrest our rotection, and at our suit the emj of Japan breot« jown ita wallof exclusion, Our land is not more )} ‘ut of the men of all countries than of their ide» Aunibilate the past of Oe Avo) leading nation of the and Spain, in the persons \( our destiny would have pe ert Italy of Columbus joined together for the great discovery that opened Ame were frat heard in Italy, some on the banks of the Eu Greece; our jurisprudence Rome; our code from Russia; England taught us the system ef r- duty. Were Aristotle and Plato to come back to our | Higent life not less than for | ferent; but the essential relations of the fini the world could do its work except by the use of alaves. But | finite are, and must be, invariable. It is pot more how to command the powers of naturo by rondes- | there is but one mediation be a the ironworks, or wherever else he is found, com- | or may becalled into being. Bat leas pels him to be the oe nd honest investigator of | tion bow far rational life extends, it is e events do, as I believe, to the Divine idea— if God is the fountain of all goodness, the inspirer of trove affection, the source of all intelligence, there is noth- ing of so great moment to the race as the conception’ of His existence, and a true apprehension of His relations mast constitute the turning pest in the 3 better of His mature ia the di line that separates ancient history from modern—the old time from the new, The thonglt of the Divine upityfar an absolute cause, waa {p- miliarto antiquity , bat ho undivided of the cords of all cultivated nations, shows hold of the popular affections, Philosophers might giro this divine uplig 9» Pures BOtiom, | | the, ond the ayn rica br lt and commerce; France contributed to it lence; the search for the origin of the laa- we speak carries us to India; our religion is f= ‘alestine; of hymns sung in our churches, su some in the deserts of Arabia, hrates; our arts come frou H maritinse presentative government; the noble republic of the. ted Provinces bequeathed to us in the world of the great idea of the toleration of all opinions—im the world of action, ‘the prolific principle of federal union. Our couniry stands, therefore, more than any other a« the realization of the unity of the race. There is oa» institution so wide in its influence and its connections } that it already for all nations represents the int telligence of universal man. I have reserved to this place ® refer ence to the press, which has obtained 1ts majestic de- velopement within the last fifty years, till it now form: the controlling agency in ronovating civilization; suc- pasting in the extent and effectiveness of its the lessons of the academy and of the pulpit. The in- visible wave of the magnetic ether does not more ee: - tainly extend throughout the air and the earth, thar the press does by its qggure give an £95 to the wave of thought, so that it ‘tes through the world. The diversity of nationalities and of governments continue; the press illustrates the unity of man’s “intellectual life, and constitutes itself the organ of collective humanity. By the side of the press, the of free schools. though still very imperfectly devel has made such pic iess since the day when it existed in Geneva and in some of the parishes of wear authorized to claim it of the future ase universal ') stitution. The moment we enter upon the of au enlarged sphere of rational existence we may a well believe in beings that are higher than ourselves, as nose that are lower; it is not irrational te in- wire after the extent of intellectual life, juisitive minds have asked whether there is » plarality of worlds Induction clearly warrants the opinion that ond the stars are tenanted, or are to be te by inhabitants endowed with reason; for though maa ic but anew comer upon earth, organic life hes exit ed time ont of mind, like = long twilight «before day, Some, ae tremulous! Wy ivoed Ig it mag he in those distant spheres regard But the seruple is uncalled for. , be exists time. It row end cont to confine his office to i: on which we dwell. In other wi the facts may be, or rather by all the laws of induction will be i tion? Mediator is from the beginnit = FR ce] in that the power of exteuds through the Se uutterse, than That irony See rat ot eee, God and created ree - ‘The mediator is a necessary intellectual activity, whorever it may ned b) in ‘i i ; i = 3 i humanity the connection with the infint unity. Here, too, is our solace for the {i that humanity in its upward course shadows of death, and over the march is atrewn with the ruins of formative were nover crowned with success. How often jtist man euffer, and sometimes suffer most for h ext virtuer | How often do noblest sacrifices to ate e nation seem to have been offered in vain! How often is the champion of liberty struck down in the bet ot un inibriival to that of his 1 wh: 10 St But what is the life of an jus to try? , or anation, at ® ' of just meno cease to be just if he were not-willing to perish for 7 Ls tongs cond fly from the iron at the stroke of tho artinan, banily he plies hte taal ae the potter» wheel proves chips of tharble that are thrown off scatptor, leave the miracle of yn BA Pad under hand. Nothing is lot. Tleave to others @ of Infinite Power, why the parts are dia ig ; 3 2 UE i hari i as the in Geographical research has ponetrated nes 3