The New York Herald Newspaper, November 21, 1854, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. | JAMES GORDON BENYETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNHK OF NASSAU AND PULEON STS, ; TERMS, 3 vents per copy-S7_ per annum. seery Sotapiey at 0% cents per pean Bltion A per vanim, 1d 88 Co amy purl of the Con oe No, 320 Volume XX1.. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, BROADWAY TUEATRE, Brondysy—Tax Crows Dsa~ wonps—MY¥ faixny THE MAgOR, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowry—Beuesraiay Perrone | avors—i UTNaat. BIVLO'S GARDEN, Brondway—Tur Syren. BURTON'S, Chambers stret}—Goop ron Norarve—Ur oun Taw any Lowen Twerv. NATIONAL THEATRE, ‘Chatham street—Mezersa terz ND—CRADLE OY LIBERTY. WALLACK’S THEATHE, Brondway—Waens sxenc ‘Wus Flowens—Tunwina rir TAweas. METROPOLITAN THRATRE, Broadwas— Waeceea’s Daveurxe -Le Towk oe Nesee. oon— Vit age (TROFLI- Evening—Mesarerre. AMERICAN MUS#UM—A’ aex—Lenn wr Five Sunni WOOD'S VAR!IETIES—Mechanies’ Wall, 472 Broadway. BUCKLEY'S OPERA HOUSE, 539 Brostway—Bvex- wav's Ernsorian Ovens T v. WOOD'S MINSPRELS. GASTLE GARDEN—Equesrrian Pravenmance. rel Hall, 444 Broadway. maber 21, 1854. Mails for Europe. *W YORK BERALD—REDITION FOR EUROPE. (he Cunard mail steamship America, Capt. Lang, wi!) teave Boston to-morrow at 12 o'clock for Liverpool. ‘Fhe European mails will glose in this city at half-past twe o'clock tits afternoon. The Hearn (printed in French and English) will be pediished at 10 o’clock in the morning. ingle copies, in | wrappers, sixpence: Babscriptions and advertisements for any edition of tho Niw York Henatp will be received at the flowing places in Europe — Ssvanroor, John Hunter, No. 2. Paradise street. Enwards, Sandford & Co., No. 17 Cornhill. ‘Wm. Thomas & Co., No, 19 Catherine street. ston, Wella & Co., 8 Place de la Bourse. ‘the office during the previous week, and to the hour of publication. Smportant from Washington—Reconstraction | of the Cabinet, and Change in our Foreign Ministers. Our telegraphic desgatch from Waaiungton, dated lest. night, relative 10 a change in the Cabinet, eomes from source which entitles it to fulbcredit. “Ba appears that the President bas at length deter mined to reconstruct his Cabinet, and also to reca!! ameariy all the foreign appointments. Mr. Maroy is te go-to England, whilst Mr. Cashing takes the Wete Department. Mr. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, takes Mr. Cashing’s @ozition as Attorney-General Mr. Dobbin ix to be transferred to the [reasury Department, vire Guthrie, wao is to accompany Judge Campbell into retirement. Who is to take the Post Office and Navy Departments has no: yet been decided, but our correspondent intimatep tet Mr. Mason may be invited to the Navy De- partment—the position he held under Mr. Polk. The change in cur foreiga ministers is also to be @crougb, and -will doubtless carry with it a re- visal of the foreign policy of the goverament. Ag far as tajent is concerned, it is at all events a eatis- faction to knoy that we cannot be injured by any @hange; whilst there ig some reavon to hope that the new appcictees will take u leon from the faire of thers predecessors “The ivfo'mation is of great imo>ortancs at this time, »1d we repeat, it comes from a soarce which @ives every coutidence in its accura y. The News. Tn eresting news trom Mex is given io soother part of to-day’s « The lteter of oar Vera Cruz correspondent contirms oar previous accounts of the critica) position in which the Mexicaa Diztator is Placed. It would appear tna! the party which was mainly inctrumental in brioging him into power is now heartily sick of his rule, and lament the scate of disorganization into which the country is redaced. Hie .retirement is again hinted at, but it is con- sidered that he could no# only escape the victorious dmsurgents either by Pocbla or Vera Criz, and it was not unlikely that these avennes would soon be @losed against him. On the 21st of December the peopie are to vote whether be is to continue to rule or not, and if in the negstive, theyare tosay who isto be his successor, The result will be made known ia Febroary of next year. It is anid that his Impe- Fria) Highness intends in this to burlesquejthe role of Napoleon; and in the meantime be has founded an alliance with the Seminole chief Wid Cast, wh» is to sesist him in repreasing filibusterces. In the event of a war with.tue United States he hopes fcr aid from Austria. ‘ Our Browmsville (Texas) correspondent has far mished us moat interestiog letters, detailing the state of affairs existing on the Rio Grande, as af- fected by the eivil commotions induced by the rule of His Imperial Highness Santa Avne over the Mexican republic. In one we have an account of the various causes which operated towards the late failure of the revolutionists, after they had gallantly detested Gen. Cruz near Matamoras, held posses- ion of Victoria until their ammunition was ex- bawsted, and challenged Gen. Ampudis to battle before the walls of Monterey. They were lately organizing with brighter hopes on the Texas side of the river; acd as Aivarez was boldly and steadily advancing on the capital, the insurgents hoped to soon greet that veteran—the “J’anther of the South,” as he is called—in the national palace of the city of Mexico. Gen. Don Acrian Weli was inflicting, by order of Santa Arba, most crane] punishments on the persons and properties of all those in Matamoras who were suspected of having in- stigated or taken part in the outbreak. The distinguished American filibuster, Col. C.R. Wheat, had arrived in Brownsville, and it is suid that bis presence afforded “ aid and © mfort’” to tas insur gent leaders. We have ais a graphic accouat of ‘the scenes consequent on the arrest, examination amd acquittal of the leaders of the late movement. They were taken up on a charge of a breach of the neutrality laws of the United States, preferred against them by an olf Mexican woman, aud ac- quitted by the United States Commicsioner, after ‘the examination of a2 extraordinary medley of wit- meases, including Major Giles Porter, commanding @t Fort Brown. It is said that Tampico and Zaca- ‘tecas had hoisted the flag of rebellion. Yanez, the executioner of Racusset de Boulbon, had refnsed t» obey the commands of Sante Anna at Guadalsjara Brownsville was rapidly improving, but trade was @ull. There is no news from the upper Rio Grande. ‘Whe flour market was firm yesterday for common Beate brands st Saturday's prices. Sales of Caua- diam were pretty frecly made, in bond, for exgort, at about $6.55. Small sales of Geuesee wnite wheat were made at €2 40, wnd of Southern white at $1 93. Indian corp contipiied firm at 9c. to Slc., with frec tales for domestic use and export. Pork sold a’ $12 76 for mess; cotton was steady, with moderate sales. Freights to Liverpool were firmer, with pret ty free engagements of corn at the full rates, The Board of Aldermen transacted business jst evening. The report of the Finance Conmiite, reletive to authorizing the issue of bonds uo street contracts, is given in our feport. The Secon ev nue aetessment lists from 1i) Connell were fa- vorably reported on by the!) on uitcee, ayd referred ‘Dpen petition of the retorm.c of the Five Pointe 1 The contents of the European edition of the Hunauy | will embrace the news received by mail and telegraph at | and others, the name of Crose street wae changed to that of Park street. Several reports conceming the poice and giading streets were disposed of, the particulars of which are given elsewhere. ‘Tie Boardef Councilmen wet las: vight and die posed of s lerge amount of business of no general im%rest, An abstiact of the proveedings is given im to-day’ part. “le Bad will meet at five w cloek this afternoon. Judeen’s How ', situated at No. 61 Broaiway, was yester@ay morning entirely destroyed by fire. Messrs. dtha ard J.O’Giady were the proprietors, They | haa succeeded Mz, Judson but a short time since. | Tse entire loss will not fa't much if avythimg short | of seventy-five thousand ollac. Amaccoantof the | fla» ation i. published in another colamn, | A fie broke out yester’ay morning about five | | o’vlcc® io the 'a'g- mackine shop and foundry at { Fisbku:! am ing, and before the flames could be ex- | tiognished the esiablisl mei t was eatirely di The lors of ;roperty is estima ed at fy thousand | dollars, cm whi-b th re wos very Jittle insurance, The fire 's supposed to have origi-ated from the casting + We sre informed tha th: contnbutions taken up for the cestitate survivors of the wrecked ship New | Era olready reas est e lib ral +um o° six thousand , dollars, which, considering the »tringency of the money marke’, is highly bonorab’e to we benevo- | lence of the donors. © | Toe N.w York Historical Seo'ety cel-brated ita | fifsieth anviversary in this «ity yesterday. {n the | afternvon there was a: o a'ion at Niblo’s by Hon. | George Bancoft, ‘olls’e} bya grand benque: at | the Astor House, where speeches were made by dia | tinguished orators both at home aud sbroad. The | celebration was a briilians affair, Mr. Belmont, the Rothschilds, and the Ras- | slans—Finance and Diplomacy. | The Washirgton Union publishes a defence ‘ of Auguste Bel moot, our Minister a the Hague | with several certificates touching the alleged financial and stockjobbing operations of the | accused. We give to this defence of Mr. Bel- mont, including the certificates, the benefit of our columns to-day, and have a word or two to say in reply. First of »)], a little cireum:tantial evidence concerping the financial relations of our Minis- ter atthe Hague, may not he out of place. It was well understood among the capitalists and | the diplomatic and political circles of Paris and London, that some time during tbe last summer the Russian government was desirous of nego- | tiating a loan in some one of the neutral States | of Western Europe, and that the Czar had na- turally turned his attention to Holland and its rich ol@ money changers, At this time it was also well known that Belmont and the Russian Legation at the Hagze were on very familiar and confidential terms. It is believed, too, that our Minister was approached by the Russians in reference to the prospects of a loan from the Rothschilds. And why not? He was the agent of the firm in the United States, the representative of a friendly power, and a money changer by pedigree, by instinct avd professionally. He was, of course, the very man to give the required informatioa. But the house of the Rothschilds at London, and the house »t Paris, were under certain ob- liga‘ions to the British and French govern- ments res,ective'y, and could not venture to give “aid and comfort’ to the enemy. Morever, the ullies themselves might necd a handsome loan or two, before long, to carry on the war. Still, the offer of the Czar was tempt- ing, and his se:uri:ies were perfectly satisfacto- ry. What was to be done? There was an casy method of accommodating Nicholas without much danger. One of the principal houses of the Rothechilds is at Frankfort-on-the Maine, a free city in a neutral territory. So the Rus- sians opened their negotiations for the cash of the wealthy Jews at that place and at the Bf ague. Bat, before the bargain was concluded, very unfortunately some intimations of what was going on leaked ont at Paris, where they are sure to find out everything, from the caprices of a ballet dancer or opera singer to the in- trigues of a dowager or an Emperor. It was hinted, then, in Paris, the: the Rothschilds, under cover of a neutral Power, were secretly «nd treacherously negotiating a lean for the benefit of the common enemy of France and } England. The French government instantly and quietly interposed. A wink to the Roths- childs was as giod as a nod. The project- ed speculation was vipped in the bud —~ but the loan was not effected; ani Mr. Belmont is thus innocent of furnishing money to Russia theongh the brotherhood of the Rothschilds. These facts were currentin Paris at the time, and it was also currently reported that upon the heels cf the failure of the loan, a tart and + harp corresponde ice ensued between some of the Rothschilds and Belmont, involviag some curious dis:losures concern'ng this latter gentlem»n’s financial career in the United States,:s the agent of the said Rothschilds. But what was done at the meeting of the firm from Paris, at a iailroad convention at Brus- sels, Mr Bolm: at is perhaps better qualified to intorm the pubic than any other diplomat in Euroye, not excepting the Russian Legation at the Hague. We have n+ doudt, in fact, that Belmont, in the way of busine-s, an’ in behalf of the Roths- child:, was es ous of suop!ying Russia with fands to carry on the wor in the East—that our minister unvertook the tas of «pening the ne- gotiations as quietly as possible, and that the consummation of the loan was only prevented by some significant intimatiuns of the allies to the Rothschilds of London and Pa ris, Belmont may have been indiscreet or some Russian may have blown the affair too soon. At all events, there was an at- tempt at a Joan to the Czar. Belmont was im- plicated; but from some mishap or other, before the job was completed, and a good speculation made sure, the conspiracy was detected and stopped. ‘Jbas much fur the affair with the Rothschilds and the Russian lean. Let us now glance at the diplomacy of or financier at the Hague. We ven'ure to sy thitcf all the diplomatic nincompoops appointed by Mr. Pierce, there is notcne.o ut rly unfi ty nature, education and inc.mpet ney ‘or ‘he station which he holds es this man Belmont He went out to Holiand with p remptory instructions concern- iog the cas. of Captain Gibson. He opened a corresponden:e :ccordi gly; bat, as he had neither a turn for diplomacy nor a knowledge of the English Jangua.e, (the cip!omatic lan- guage of the United States at home and abroad,) he botched thé business from the be- ginping. To bis credit, bit spoken, he was not wholly ipnorant of his incapacity, for every intelligent American he could pick up at the Hayve he is reported to have consulted for advice and ass'stanc®. His mos: respectable official le: ter on the Gibson case, we understand. was written for him in Paris, from a broken Eng: lish outline which he had farnished of what he Wanted to ery. Pending this cor-esp dence, too, b» is said to have privatvly informed the " even should they peremptorily refuse any in- demnity te, or decline any cettlement in behalf of Cap'ain Gibson, the affair could not resalt in aropture with the United States. This was either disqualifying stupidity or treachery on the part of our Miniater—we know not which— perhaps a little of both. It is, we fear, a fair sample of the diplomacy of Beimont, the most incompetent and inefficient of ali of Pierce’s stockjobbing coxcombs, er dirty socialists, or filibustering refugees, sent over to regalate our European affairs. We have made no charges concerning Bel- mont’s paternity. His father, grandfather, aud their ancestors back to the days of Abraham, were doubtless very respectable people, and men of sharp financial abilities in making loans and shaving notes and shinplasters. We are aware that Mr. Buchanan considers Belmont | superior even to Robert J.Walker asa financier; | for it was Belmont who secured a loan to Pennsylvania, and made a profit of from one | to two per cent by the operation; and at & | time, too, when Pennsylvania had not re- covered from the severe basting of Sydney Smith, But, as a diploma’, this man Belmont is a mortifying humbug and a shallow pretender, beneath contempt. He has, perhaps, succeeded in astonishing the Datch with his several splendid carriages, his magnificent horses, and his roya! dinners; and from his inti- macy with the Russian Legation, he may have | created the impression among the ignorant that his mission includes the affairs of all Europe, and is not limited to the case of Captain Gib- Bon. The foreign appointments of this administra- | tion—Owen, the Englich socislist, to Naples ; | Soulé, the French refugee, to Madrid ; ant | Belmont, the German Israelite, to the Hague, | and such as these, both at home and abroad, have resulted in the terrible uprising of the | Know Nothings. The reaction ia 1856 will send into oblivion the administration aud all con- cerned. Neither Soulé nor Belmont can save them, short of a war with France and a loan to Russia. We have given Mr. Belmont the benefit of our columns in bis defence and his certificates, for what they are worth. Will the Cabinet organ | | publishing our reply? The case is still open for evidence and argument. Canadian Affairs—Administration of Lord Elgin. We may daily expect to hear of the arrival at Washington of Lord Elgin, Je'e Governor General of Canada, on his way to England. It is understood that some matters of detail re- lating to the reciprocity arrangement remain to be settled between our Exeoutive and the Provincial authorities ; the intended visit of His Excellency is probably due to this cause. Having concluded- whatever busivess he may have wita Mr. Marcy, Lord Elgin will return to London to await the pleasure of the Aberdeen ministry. Rumor has it already that the post of Governcr General of India, which will shortly become vacant, has‘been offered to his lord- ebip ; assuredly no better ruler could be found for that vast section of the British empire than the statesman who has governed Jamaica and Canada with such éclat. It is probable that no Canadian Governor ever gained at the same time so much groaud less obloquy or so much real fame as Lord Elgin. His administration has been the trae turning point of Canadian history : he fonad the province in a state of fervid though blood- Jess revolution; he left it tranquil, prosperons ard thriving. When he arrived in Canada the liberal constitution of 1841 was still an experi- ment. One.party—the old: tories—opently de- nounced it, and in their anxiety to exclude their French fellow countrymen from all shsre in the government, actually declaimed against the representative system in the abstract, and villified England for granting them a constitu- tion modelled on, though far more liberal than her own. The other party—chiefly composed of republicans in the Upper and Frenchmen in the Lower Province, were well pleased with the victory they had gained: but they were unac- customed to power, they were not agreed npon principles among themselves, and they lacked jeaders to guide and instructthem. The West- ern section of the party aimed directly at th introduction of the democratic principle iat: every branch of the government: the Easteru phalanx, on the contrary, which had merely contended for rights of equality, and betwee. whom and the tories the quarrel had been one of races and not of principles, hung back when their more advanced allies sougkt to trample under foot the last vestige of the old oligarchi- cal system. Add to this that Lord Elgin’s pre decessors had been men chosen not from their fitnesss for office, bus from family eonsidera- tions: that they had, sometimes from ignorance, sometimes from prejudice, interposed serious obstacles against the harmonious workiag of the new constitution: and it will readily be seen that the task imposed on the new Gorer- nor was one requiring no ordinary powers of mind, great tact and discrimination, and a profound sense of constitutions doctrine. That task Loid Elgin has fulfilled. In the doing thereof, he has exposed himself to more abuse atd more calumny than were ever heaped on a Colonial Governor before: he has been called more hard names than even our philosophical cotemporaries hurl at their opponents’ heads: he has incurred more personal risk than many Governors would have cared to encounter. The cause of all this may be toldin a single sen- tence. Lord Elgin has insisted, cotte gui conte, on the constitutional principle that ma- orities must govern. When a majority of both houses of the Canadian Parliament passed a bill he gave it his assent, whether the minority liked it or no; turaing resolutely a dea’ ear to the to- ries, who would have had him iaterpose his veto on meaeures which they did no’ approve. In this respect he was a striking contrast to his pre- decestor Sir Charles Metcalfe, who, though a man of ability, still conceived himself at liberty to espouse a side in Canadian politics, and thus completely neutralized all attempts at govern- ment on the part of the portion opposed to his friends. Lord Elgin’s course, which no sen- sible man, at the present day, can fail” to ap- plaud, drew down upon him the fierce resent- ment of Metcalfe’s adherents. In April 1849, on the occasion of his sanctioning a bill for the indemnification of parties injared by the rebellion of 1838, a mob burnt down the Par- liament House at Montreal, pelted the Gover- nor’s carriage, and threa’ened his life. During these trying scenes, Lord Elgin displayed equal presence of mind, and soundness of judgment. Though he abstained from any measure which might have provoked the turbalext minority, he did not yield an inch to their riotous cla mor; and the consequence was, that the seat of government being removed to Toronto, in a Dutgh guveromsat, direstly or jadirvotly, shat | few months the symptoms of discontent began at Washington reciprocate this liberality by’re-’ been on the dicl'ne. under his udministrat'o1 hav been well calen- | lated te win for him the ree ect of the people | of Canada; to his gove:nment C.nads owes the | rank she n w cecuples in the financial world | abroad. Under his a ministrat on, the angry | feelings created by the constitution of 1841 has been dispelled, and all parties are now eontent to concede political righ s to their neighbors. He was Governor when the Great Trenk Railroad wa firct ser ously pro- jected, and he sat in the first train that travers- ed the first portion completed ot hat great en- terprise. He gave his assent to the great re- form and democratic.measures now in progress, for the abolition of feudal rights, for the estab- lishment of the voluntary principle in church matters, and for the destruc ion of the last rem- nant of oligarchy, the old Legislative Council appointed by toe crown. His last act—the ue- gotiation of th: reciprocity treaty—is a fitting termination to so useful a career. That important measure—with which Lord Etgin’s name will always be honorably con- nected—is fraught with far more im- portant results to Canada than the improve- ment of jts agricultural resources and commer- cial prospects, It is certainly no mean boon to the farmer and the lumberman, as it opens to them free of duty a new market twice as large #8 the one they have hitherto had: nor can it fail to pive an impetus to the production of Canadian staples that will be both euergetic ‘millien-cne hundred and sixty-two thonsand and eight hundred dollars, the product of guano sales in one year, the Peravian government received only three bundyed and sixty-eight thousand and eighty: six dollars, the balance going to the people of the United Btates. —_—_—_— NEWS BY TELEGRAPA. Highly lmportant from Washington. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CABINET—MR. MARCY GOING TO BN@LAND—MR. CUSHING TO BE SECRETARY OP STATE—OUR FOREIGN MINISTERS, ETO. Wasurxetoy, Nov. 20—8 P. M. Tam enabled to state upon unquestionable authority that.the President has determined upon a reconstruction of the Cabinet as soon after the meeting of Congress as possible, say about the middle of January. Mr. Marcy will resign, and Messrs. Campbell and Guthrie will go out. Mr. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, will be made Attorney General, and Mr. Cushing will take the State Depart- ment. Mr. Dobbin will be transferred to the Treasury Department, The other positions have not yet been de- termined upon. Mr. Buchanan having officially notified the President of his intention of returning home in the spring, Mr. Marcy is to go to England as Minister, This will, of course, dispose also of Mr. Sickles. Mr. Mason, who is very de- sirous of being recalled from France, will probably be offered a seat in the Cabinet, though this is uncertain. Having determined upon a reconstruction of his Cabi- net, the President will also make an entire change in the foreign appointments, recalling Soulé, Belmont, Seymour &e. Itis believed that the amount of patronage which he will thus have at his disposal, may prove sufficient to acd healthy. But these benefits will hereafter seem trivial in comparison with the far greater advantage to be derived from the close union with the United States which must follow the operation of the reciprocity treaty. Hence- torth, the Canadian producer of grain or pine deals will look to our markets for consumers, not to those of Great Britain. We shall be- come his customers, and for nineteen years out of twenty, it will be more to his interest to trade with us, who are close.at hand, than with Brit- ish merchants, who live at a distance of seve- tal thousand miles. So, in lke manner, while he sells to us, he will bay from us what he needs from abroad: and—the custom houses being practically abolished for nine-tenths of the articles that will be sent across the lines— the Canadian will cease to feel that he is going into a foreign country when he enters Michi- gan, New York, or Vermont, To him there will be no more difference between Canada and New York than we experience on crossing from New York to New Jersey. In fact, for all prac- tical purposes, Canada will be annexed to the United States, in everything save the federal tie: and if we allow due influence to the éffect of constant intercourse, immediate proximity, identity of interests, analogy of institutions, and homogeneity of race, it will not seem un- likely that that distinction itself will soon dis- give the administration full power in Congress. At all events, the experiment will be tried, and has been agreed upon to the extent I have above stated. ‘THE RETURN OF MR, BUCHANAN—HIS OPINION OF THE ADMINIETRATION— SECRETARY SICKLES—MR. GUTH RIE AND THE ERVISION OF TOE TAKIFF—THE PRE- SIDENT’S MESSAGE—PROPOSED INCREASE OF THE ARMY, ETC.) ETC. ‘Wasmnaron, Nov. 20, 1854. Letters have been received here from Mr. Buchanan, stating that he has fixed the day of his departure from England early next spring. He is evidently dissatisfied with his position and the treatment he has met with at the hands of the Cabinet, and comes home to await his destiny and another Baltimore Convention, in the hope of yet being a resident in the White House. Mr, Buchanan complains bitterly of the mistake, as he terms it, committed by Marcy in negotiating the Reci- procity Treaty without at the same time having adjusted the Central American question He accepted the mis- sion with the understanding that he was to have the negotiation ot all the pending questions be- tween England and the United States. He now finds that by the ratification of the Reciprocity Treaty Eng- land has gained all she required, and he writes to the Depfirtment that he can now make no progress what- ever in the adjustment of the Central America question, asaseparate matter—England having nothing to gain by it. Had the questions been connected, he contends that the anxiety of the British government to obtain ad- mission to our markets for her colonists would have induced her gladly to have abandoned all pretensions in Central America. in the opinion, therefore, of Mr. Bu- chanan, the only diplomatic achievement of the present administration has been a gross blunder, abandoning all our advantages, and complicating, it may be, in the future, our enunciation of the Monroe doctrine, when it appear. At all-events, the inevitable effect of | may be of the last consequence thatit should be enforced. the reciprocity-treaty must be to weaken the connection by severing the bond of intrest between England and her colony : whether the latter will find her purpose best served ufter- ward by incorporation with this republic or by maintaining a separate independent existence time alone will-spow. Dery or THE New Mayor.—There is one way in which Mr. Fernando Wood may furaish a practical refutation of the abuse with whic” he has been assailed. The constitution of 1830, as well as the one which recently emanated from the brains of the Reform Committee, ordain that the Meyor ehall be an integral part of the executive of the city. Itis the greatest error of these laws that:they render the heads of de- partments irresponsible to the Mayor, and in- vest them with e@ semblance of uncontrolled authority over their respective offices: but, whether from inadvertence on the part of their framers, or from a real desire to counteract this dangerous license given to subordinates and to provide acheck against their maladministra- tion, the power of the Mayor, as part and parcel of the executive conjointly with the heads of departments, is distinctly preserved. Now, what is the meaning ef this clause? Former Mayors have interpreted it to mean nothing : that is to say, they have regarded the indepen- dent election of heads of departments as divest- ing them of all right to interfere in the con- cerns of these subordinates, and have allowed them to manage the affuirs of their offices just as they pleased. Mr. Westervelt was so wedded to this doctrine that he would not for the world have asked a question of a subordinate who had received his authority from the people : he con’ sidered that he had no business to interfere with any of them, and regarded his position as amember of the executive as purely orna- mental. Yet itis qaite possible to place » to- tally different construction on the words of the law. If the Mayor is one of the executive, whose other members are the heads of depart- ments, surely he ought to have a say in the acts of that executive, aud assume a share of responsibility therefor. If the department to which the cleaning of the streets belongs, for instance, fails to perform its duty, why should the Mayor, who is ex-officio part and parcel of the executive, which alone is authorized to do avy act on behalf of the Corporation, be held excused, and the Commissioner alone assailed? Hae tbe former no authority in the executive ? We commend the passage to the study of Mr. Wvod. Ifhe can by any enlightened reading of the law infer that he is invested, as a mem- ber cf the executive, withany right of saper- intendence over the departments, let him ex- ercise it, and he is 9 made man. If he can translate the section of the charter as co.ufer- ring upon him the right of saying to this. com- mi:sioner or to that commissioner: “ Sir, you are neglecting your duty : the streéts are dirty, they must be cleaned;” or “Sir, you are making a bad controct, or failing to enforce a good one,” Mr. Wood has only to say so to be- come as popular as he has been abused. Tue Prrvvian Guano Trave—We have seen a pamphlet ‘ately issued by the friends of the Peru- vian governmen*. The pamphlet takes strong ground against the sliding scale of duty on guano, recom- mended by the select committee in the House, at the last session of Congress. The committee, b:- lieving that the Peravian government held the price at an unnecessarily high figure, recommended that guano should be free of duty when the market price did not exceed forty dollars per ton, and that when it was higher the duties should comen:e at four per cent, and increase in prop >rtion to the price. The writer o° the pamphlet attempts to show that, at the present rate of fie'guts, the price of gaano cannot be reduced lower than fifty dollars per ton; and, at apy rate, i! will not be lowered in consequente of this sliding ssale of duty, because the Peravian government cannot do so without being deprived of the profit it now receives from its guano islands. The committee were also of opinion that th» English creditors of Peru controlled the price of ,guano; bat the pampbleteer says that the current price of the article in the London market is almoxt always above Gfty dollam per ton. Top only igtorest that the Having committed himself tothe immediate annexa- tion of Cuba, by force or money, in the first despatch transmitted to Washington, as the result of the confer- ence at Ostend, Mr. Buchanan thinks he has done enough to enlist the gratitude of the progressives, and that it will be a good plank for his friends to use in con- structing his platform for the Presidency, There is. no doubt Monsieur Soulé induced the Sage of Lancaster to take this step ; and Marcy, who has no idea of filibus- teriem, audibly curses Mr. Soulé as ‘the damned little Frenchman who is stirring up all the fuss.” But Mr. Buchanan is also in trouble about hia. Secreta- ry. He declares thatthe labors of the legation are sen- sibly increased by the unfitness of Mr. Sieless, who “cannot even write a legible hand.’’ He deprecates his controversy with Peabody, and exclaims, in the bit- terness of his heart, that he feels worried to death by the deceit of sthe Cabinet and the fantastic antics of his Secretary and the-gang headed by the Inevitable George Sanders. Mr. Guthrie is busily engaged in getting up a mass of statistics, with a view of urging upon Congress a renew- al of his recommendations for a modification of the tariff. He might as well save himself the trouble. The Com- mittee of Ways and Means last session repudiated Mr. Guthrie’s views, and kicked the bill which he drafted under the table. They then set to work and hatched a chicken of their own, in the shape of a bill increasing the free list, &., and which was published in the Hera at the time. This bill is in its proper place on the calendar, and will come up next session, Guthrie’s recommendation te the contrary notwithstandiug. The probability is that nothing will be done. The great hobby of the administration. is to be ‘economy.’ That is, whilst the tariff will remain as high as it is now, the Cabinet will endeavor to ruin the country by keeping all the specie locked up, except as much of it as may be neces- sary for “sterlings.”? The President will send two messages to Congress; one upon general subjects, and the other devoted to a defence of his vote of the River and Harbor bill. It is anid that Secretary of War Davis, who was #0 sig- nally defeated in his attempts last session to prevail upon Congress not to restore the superintendence of the national armories to civilians, will recommend a mate- rial increase to the army, so as to add dignity to his department. It is not very likely that Congress will be indtced to minister to his wants in this respect, any more than it was forced into a compliance with his wishes last session. We are sorry to have to record another failure on the part of the kitchen and up stairs cabinets to bring about an understanding between the administration and the democratic members of Congress, so as to have mat- ters go smoothly next session. The idea was to drop Nebraska as ‘a test of democracy,” as the Union has it, and having blotted’out the old record, to begin again with the administration as the head of the united demo- eracy. Senator Bright, of Indiana, (what does he want?) was to be one of the principal movers in this plan, and it was arranged that he should “ inaugurate ” the mil- lennium by a speech somewhere in Virginis. Upon me- ture reflection, however, it was decided that the attempt would be hazardous, and it has consequently been aban- doned. It will be remembered that the administration attempted to whip the refactory members last session into the traces, The result is known; and now the Cabi- net, finding themselves in trouble, are willing to tuko back the etray sheep. But they wont go back. From Boston. STABBING AFFRAY AT A SAILORS’ BOARDING HOUSE. pe Boston, Noy. 20, 1354. An affray took place this afternoon, at the Sailors’ Boarding House of John Butcher, in North street, during which Richard L. Leet, was mortally stabbed by James Kelly, in consequence of which he died in a few minutes afterwards. Leet was the second mate of the ship Staf- fordshire, when that vessel was lost, and had recently shipped as second mate of the new ship John Elliot Thayer. He belonged in Bristot; Rhode Islund. Kelly was arrested. The re-opening of the old Cambridge bridge, one of the principal thoroughfares between Boston and Cambridge, fewas celebrated this evening by a grand torchlight pro cession, fireworks, &. The bridge has been closed for several months for extensive repairs, From Baltimore. ARRIVAL OF THE SOUTHERN MAIL—THr Fitw OF DAVID, STEWART AND SON, ATC. Barrmorn, Noy. 20, 1854. The Southern mail, as Jate as due, has been received, but it brings no news of any importance. No more failures have occurred here to-day. Several small ones took place on Saturday. ¥ David Stewart & Son's paper is selling at Ofty cente on he dollar. —_—_——____. Rallroad Accident. DESTRUCTION OF A CAR—ESCAPE OF THE PASSENG! Putapenpma, Nov. 20, 1854. The Harrisburg train on the Columbia railroad, was thrown off the track when about twenty-four miles from this city. One of the passenger cars was rolled down an embankment and completely broken to pieces. None of the passengers were killed, but several were severely injured. Among them the Rev. Mr. Wheat, a Baptist minister of this city. He was hit in the back by the Water tank, by which his opine was badly busty From CONVICTION FOR RESCUING A FUGITIVE SLAVE— FAILURE, ETC. Mrewaver, Nov. 20, 1854. ‘The trial of John Ryeraft, who was indicted for an alleged participation in the rescue of the fugitive slave Grover from the custody of the Marshal of Michigan in April lust, occupied the attention of the United States District Court on Friday and Saturday, Judge Muller presiding. The prisoner was convicted. Messrs. Kneeland & Hy}!, brokers, of this city, sus- pended payment to-day. Gunpowder Exploston. TWO PERSONS KILLED—DESTBUCTION OF 4 BUILDING- Bauriuone, Nov. 20, 1854. The drying house of Jacob Johnson, in Marlborough township, Montgomery county, Pa., containing two tons of gunpowder, exploded this morning, killing Henry Whisker and Josiah, his son. The building was entirely destroyed. paeant ia s Low Stage of the Ohio River. Wurst, Nov. 20, 1854. Tie Ohio river is very low at this place, there being but thirty-eight inches of water, Smallclasa boats are now taking freight and passengers for Cincinnati. ‘ Markets. CINCINNATI MONEY MARKET, ETC. Cinctxnatt, Nov. 20, 1854. Money matters continue to improve here, and confi- dence ia rapidly gaining strength. Exchange isdeclining and bankers are refusing to buy it at one and a half per cent Lele al Gold has also declined to one and a half cent premium. Pohogs ni Satine: Two thousand were sold at $3 62 to $4. 1,000 dbis. prime lard, deliverable in November and December, were sold at 8c. PHILADELPHIA STOCK BOARD. i Fan Aneneti Nov. as 1854. ey istighter. Stocks are Readit is. quoted: at 33342 Mortis Canal at 1i9¢:, Fenagivanie.Rallrond, By i nnsylvania 5’s. 80. Nothing done in. Long Island BALTIMORE CATTLE MARKET. Rautmorr, Nov. 20, 1854. The receipts of beeves have been large, and the de- mand active. 1,800 were offered to day; 50 of them were driven to Philadel hia, and 100 were left unsoli. The balance, 1,650, sold at $250 a $437 on the hoof, ave- raging $3 50 gross. Only a fow of extra quality sold at xtreme price of $4 37. Hogs were very brisk, and sold at $5 50 a $6 50, Sheep very and the supply large. Sales at $3 a $3 50 per hu . NEw Onueanp, Nov. 19, 1854. There is no change in our cotton market. The sales on Saturday, amoun‘ed to 3,500 bales. quoted at 8%c. The stosk of mess is nearly ex- | hausted, and it is selling at $19 50 a Molasses 18. per gallon, Flour $8 50 per bbl. Rice lower, ya Ib. Burrato, Nov, 20—11 A.M. rather quiet, owing to the storm. Flour.—In flour the are acarcely sufficient te fx Pnge The receipts are fair. We hear of only 60 barrels of Mlinois being sold. Wheat.—The supply of wheat is kept up by receipts, The de- mand is fair this morning and market firm. Seles 8,000 bushels white Mis on at $2 00 and 1,200 bush- els Wisconsin winter at $1 86. Corn,—For corn there is some inquiry, but as yet no sales. ‘The atock of oats, rye and barley afloat is, good, but we have no sales to report. Whiskey is held nominally at Bisse. Canal Fexyhts—Corn léc. and tour 72c, to New York. Receipts wince Saturday evening.—Flour, 3,100 bbls ; wheat 47,~ 582 bushels ; corn 28, 22,884 bushels ; . ‘The market opens 3 barley 12,388 b holes ye esd busneles ushels ; rye shels. ALO, Nov. 20-—6 P. M. Flour.—the receipts of flour are very light, and the stock on hand trifling. The receipts to-day were all consigned through by railroad. The demand is fair and holders are firm. Sales, 1,000 bble, at $8 25 a $8 50 for Upper Lake, and $8 75 for good brands of Michigan and Ohio, and 6 £0 for extras: | Wheat— eat is in good supply, and there is a milling mand, but the scarcity of mone) Ea Soh business... There are plenty of buyers on short time, with the very best of paper, but holders are unwilling to sell for 6,000. bush Mer ae? r one and ushels wl mn ui a 3/000 bushels Wisconsin, at $1°50.. Corn.—The om fair demand for corn, but there was but little onthe spot. The only sale we have to note bushels at 69c. Oats —Oats are in good sup at 4 Whiskey.—Whiskey is firm at 3730. Canal freights are dull at 7c. for flour, 20c. for wheat and léc. for corn, toNew York. Receipts for the last hours:—Fleur, 6,544 bbls.; wheat, 64, bushels; 28,779 bushels; oats, 42,276 bushels; barley, pbxied bushels; rye, 4 752 bushels. Debut of the New English Opera Troupe at Niblo’s Garden. If the other two houses at which opera was perform- ed Inst evening were as well filled as Niblo’s Garden, music must be fat more popular in New Yerk than i& generally supposed. Parquette, boxes and second tier,. Niblo’s were, if anything, inconvenicntly full. Toregu- ar opera-goers, it seemed as though the audience had not changed a single face since Anna Thillon’s laughing lips and cheery voice drew crowds to the “Daughter. of the Regiment” or the ‘“ Cro ad The piece chosen for the début of Mr. Niblo’s troupe was Auber’s ‘Syren’’—an opera comique which haa long been in vogue both in Paris and London, It: is tbe exact counterpart of Auber’s other operas.of the same order: there is no attempt at anything above melody : and as the airs are generally sweet and pleasing, the piece, when decently performed, usual- Y goes off well. The plot is as absurd aa those of comic operas usually are. Marco Tempesta alias. Scopetto (St. Albyn) is a Calabrian smuggler, whore Captain Scipio (Geo. Harrison) and the Duke of Popol” (Horncastle) are intent upon capturing. By dint of va- tious disguises he succeeds in making the acqusiutance of the latter, under the assumed name of Scopetto, and regaining & valuable cargo which the Duke had seized. Hence a personal desire for vengeance adds fuel to that functionary’s zeal. Marco hasa sister, who—as young ladies sometimes do in operas, but nowhere else—leada a rather vagabond life in the Calabrian mountains, her chief occupation being singing pretty airs when no one is” near, This unseen songstressy who acquires “the name of the “Syren” and a rather diaboli- cal reputation, captivates the heart of Captain Scipio, and returns his love. He is. seized by the brother’s fellow smugglers, while making love to the: sister: but while in their hands the Duke of Popoli makes: his appearance, and the chances are that Seipio will be: rescued and Marco caught. Fortunately for his safety, the adroit smuggler has obtained possession of the offi- cial description of his person given to the Duke, and: substituted for it a description which tallies exactly with. that of Scipio. Hence the latter is seized, despite his re~ monstrances, and hurried off. As usual in similar casen, the ayren (Mlle. Nau) saver him, and Marco—who has. again thrust himself into the lion’s jaws in attempting to rescue a seisure—is obliged to delude the Duke ssecond' time, and present one Bolbayer, an opera manager, (Irv- ing,) as the real Marco Tempesta. This ruse saver him, and the lovers are allowed to be happy by the end of the second act. ‘The acting of the “Syren” wan fair. It does not afford scope for much histrionic display: when an actor is self~ possessed and natural, as Mr. Horncastle was, nothing more can be expected of him. Of the male singers we can say but littlein praise, Mr. St. Albyn seems to be the best, though his voice is barely an average, and he sang flat most of the time. We have an idea that Mr. George Harrison might “develop” if be only sang «0 that one might hear him. Horncastle and Irving wera only supportable in the quartettes. The great attraction was Mile. Nau, who possesses a very remarkable organ—an allo soprano—and singstwith consummate skill. Her method is entitely French, and of course profusely ornate; but of its kind, we eonce it to be perfect. Her ornamented delivery of the air “I will not deem thee faithless,” was delicious, and well de served the encore it received. It will be well worth while for all lovers of music to hear Mile. Nau’s entire repertory Broadway Theatre—Benefit of Mr. W, V: Wallace. ‘The repetition of Wallace's charming opera of Mari- tana,” by the Pyne and Harrison troupe, for the benefit of its popular composer, attracted to this house last night one of the most crowded and fashionable audi- ences of the season. Every part of the house was closely packed, a circumstance rather unusual on opera even-- ings, the tastes of the habitués of the upper tiers in- clining them in favor of more exciting entertainments, Whether this is to be attributed to the high estimation: in which Mr, Wallace is held by the public generally, or is to be attributed to the increased favor with which» English lyrical compositions have,come to be regarded, since tity have been presented to us in an effective form. by’ the excellent artists comprising this company, we: cannot take npon ourselves to say. Viewed in either: light, it cannot but prove gratifying to the lovers of English music. We so lately had occasion to notice in detail the merits of this delightful opera, and the admirable man- ner inqwhich it is rendered by this company, that it is. unnecessary for us again to criticise their performance. With the drawback of a slight attack of hoarse- ness, under which Mr. Harrison appears to be laboring, the representation of last night gave even more satisfaction than ,on the occasion of ite first production. Misa Louisa Pyne was in excellent voice, and excited the same enthusiastic bursts of admi- ration throughout th8 performance which generally greets all her efforts. At the close of the piece the principal singers were called out, and then there were loud and impatient calls. for the composer. After some hesitation, Mr. Wallace ab lant made his appearance betes the ourtaln, Dut at