The New York Herald Newspaper, November 6, 1854, Page 3

SLAVERY IN MASSACHUSETTS. Our Boston Correspondence. Boston, Sept. 29, 1854. Change of Government in Massachusetts, in Conse- quence of the English Revolution— Legislation on Blaver ‘arious Acts Passed—Increase of Mlaves—Thir Character and Treatment—The Slave Trode Carried on from Boston— Rise of an Anti-Slavery Sentiment with the Congress of Blavery Action— at Law Against Masters —Buccess of the ‘Slavery Declared Abol- tshed by the Terms of the Constitution of 1780. The English revolution of 1688-9 had a large ef- | tached fect upon the political and social life of Maseacha- sets, and cne directly contrary to what was expect- o4 of it by the people here, though in perfect keep- iag with what it did in England and Scotland. As im England, it favored religious freedom, and in Beetland, put an end to the tyranny of one class of @hriatians over others; s0 in Massechusetts, it put down forever that theocratic government under which so many acts of gloomy wrong had been per petrated. Charles II. had taken away the charter granted by bis father, and James Il. was not the maa to favor Puritans. But for Charles’ death, Col. Kirke would have become Governor of Massachu- setts. It did not follow, however, that becanse the sevelution overthrew the Stuarts, the new govern- ment was to restore all things te their ancient state. Massachusetts failed to get back her old charter. A Rew one was made out, which, while it realized a eonsiderable degree of popular power, and secured toleration for all Protestants, and in so far was an improvement on its predecesfor, gave to the home government @ control of the affairs of the province. ‘The executive branch was entirely in the hands of the English ministry, and the King could veto acts ‘that had recsived the Governor's approbation. The upper branch of the Legislature was so framed as to give it a steady conservative character. The old ruling party, however; did not Gie because of its monopoly having been taken from 4. Tt was made of too stubborn stuff for that. It Tived and flourished, and became popular in its chaz acter, as is the nature of aristocracies when deprived of the power to rule. It never forgave England for ite deprivation of supremacy, but annoyed the royal Governors on all proper occasions, and occasionally on improper ones. It kept alive the desire of inde- pendence, which always hada place in Massachu- setts minds, and it «xieted in full vigor down to the age of the Revolution. Ithad a great deal to do ‘with the Revolution, and traces of it, I think, are Vasible with tolerable clearness down to about the year 1820. One effect of this chasge was to make the people of the province leas responsible for the character ef the Legislature here, whether it related to slavery or. toany other matter. England can hardly be made accountable for what was done here previous to the weisure of the first charter. After that event, and especially after the issuing of the mew charter, which was brought over by Sit gWiliam Phepps in 1692—her share in our gevermment was so important as te warrant our placing a considerable share of the sins of our fa- thers upon her broad shoulders. The influence of ‘Bogland, so fer as it was exerted, was'on the whole humane, down to the last days of the Stuarts, when it took another character, under the effect of what dae permitted to call! the judicial blindness ot ed line. After the Revolution ef Rogland was too often exerted fF evil, a il ane other more ive revolution put an derable legislation an the mabe” rs the existence of the mally recognized as under the o! a been; and the trade open ‘teal who chose to @id. We are assured that from ‘no other Maseachusetts port but B stoa, is form of ‘Yankee {ndustly and entarpnies se mostly sold in the West Indies and the i [ i z & 3 Sy im which the question of property in r0es a pears to have come before the ogliah courte, it was heli ‘that, being <a bougnt and sold intces, cre might be sty in te: , there & pro} Ee) cient to maintain trover.’ This a however, ae to property in negroés, under the Chief Justice- ship of celebrated Holt, was re: ly over- ruled. Yet in spite of Holt’s declarations from his veat in the Court of King’s Bench, that ‘ as noon as . @ Legro comes into land be is free 3», that ‘there is no such thing ass slave by the law of England;’ that ‘men may be the owners, and therefore can- Bot be the of ‘pro ” the African ic gextiment of t2¢ of the col |, Was yet courte it a8 a lucrative used in buying negroes on the African coast; and % was extensively manufactured in Massa-husctts; still, I toink that ‘ho-one Se Po that tae trade was, on the whole, unpopular in this part of the world. Men who pursued it with success were of enabled to maintain their station in society, for wealth will enable a nian to do anything, go lepg a8 be do wot too openly violats the fauuda- mrntal laws of society; but the Jesser parties to it were on all hands regarded as a debased crew. Mr. Irving has bappi'y hit off the Yankee feelin, thet day, in his story of “The Devil and Tom Welker.” Satan wanted Tom to go into the slave tzado with the handsome little capital with which he bad farnished bim for business 8; bat ‘Pom flatly refueed, but ‘‘ compromised” the matter by going into the usury line. The last lot of slaves brought into Massachusetts arrived at Salem, in VTi. An Engiich vessel, with slever on board, had been captured by an American privateer, and taken P nie Sa’em, where the slaves were advertised for . The General Cou:t interfered, and caused the Slaves to be made free men. -This geen oc curred under the exalted tone of feeling canaed by the Revolution. It happened the year after the declarstion of Independence, which Massachusetts hed bad so much todoin bringingabout. It may be @oubted it it could have happened at any time be- twcem 1620 and 1765. As asort of offset to this, i may be mentioned that, a shoit time before, the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts had paseed a pete ETE ve Souk be Coe 2 Se : ‘ar @ recognition of the legal. ity Of the institution of slivery us ever was made by a body whose acts bad & certain foros. In the seat 1701 the town of Boston instructed ita Tepreseptatives in the General Court to endeavor to it an end to negro slavery. Nithing came of it wo yeors lacer & law wes paxed lurbidding the Wabamiesion of slaves, unless boca should be given byt eir mstters to prevent them from becoming &publicebarge. Another law wae passed, the same year, that if a negro or malatto should bs conviekd of striking an Englishman, or other Christian, he should be sovurged “ at the ciscretion”” of the jue tive who bad tiied the cause. Unless sett + Justices were then of a better pattern than many cf theie successors, there must heve been @ good deal of ‘* indisereet ’ whipping in jthose days. In 1705 all imported slaves were ly taxed, aod’ a dra x. back was allowed upon ail who were oxported Within a twelvemorth of the time of their landing. A iaw was i in 1712, forbitding the import tion of Indiane into tie provinve, except on conii- Fad that ths importer should give security that scould be exported within one month. The Jangnage of this Jost meviioned law is very harsh, shows but little of that Lumaoe which is the distinguishing ¢’ wear ter of ow own age, ard in epite of ite many fauite, eauses it to com 80 advantageous: « ly with“ the good old times.” ‘There 18 no prevence of hostility 10 slavery in this act, It was passed a: & mailer of rafoty to the whites alone. Tre criines perpetrated by “ Indians and other slaves withia eeveral of her majesty’s plantesions in A i are spoken of, and the slaves ore charg wi ‘al ing of a enrly and Le spirit, rave and tnao- ent in their behavior, an unghvernable.”” The over prent romber “and ineerkaa this dangerous eloes of pereons in Massachusett mentioned aa Ie ing “likely to prove of pernict us and fatal con- Sequences to her majesty’s subjec’s and inter:a’ here, unless speedily remedied.” There ia not wha’ would now be the whole Jaw. ‘s G called an “ anti-siayery sentiment” in The general tone of th; on, fi wos bereb, aud ite ie legislation, i wili be seen, Mate menton ould Jeave to i t et, showing what might have happened here dhs negrese been uaeestras and casally reatet. ir, Whittier tells the Sowing sani": 1705, Goi, } Baltonstell, of Haverhill, bad several negroes, and among them a high spirited girl, who, for some al- rman ayn my bere aud i ve a revenge for soon found the ean of obtain it. rhe Colonel hed on hand, for service in the.’ war then 8 & considerable st>re of gun} . This she urder the room in whi master and t, laid a long t-ain, and dropped a coal on it. gee bad barely time to escspe to the farm house before the explosion took place, shattering the stately Aga fragment Saltonstall and his wife were carried on their bed a considerable dis- tance, happily eaca; serious injury. Some soldiers prossitn yi. penne all directions, but no lives were loet. The Colonel, on recovering from the effects of his sudden overtarn, hastened to the farm house, and found his servants ail ne, as She. suitor cA trod ry awrertl who nm enu, , and apparently in a qi ep. faterof th apie eccentric young woman is not mentioned. . The numb:r of elaves in Massachusetts, in the eighteenth century, is rot accurately known. They are saidto have been most pumerous about 1745, when the whites were aa forty to one of the blacks. In 1754 the number of black slaves over sixteen years of age was 2,448, almost one half of whom Were owned in Boston. One authority states the whole number of slaves in the Province at about 2,700, in 1758. The abolition movement began here with the at- tempt of the Bostonians to put down slavery in 1701, already mentioned, but which came to nothing. Judge Sewell, a few years later, wrote a pamphlet against slavery, called “The Selling of Jossph.” After that, the subject seems to have slamb:red for more than half a century. In 1767, while warm from their discussions with the Eoglish government, the coloniste action pgainst d e commenced Bg: an the slave trade. A law was passed toate the uppatoral and unwarrantsble custom of enslaving vince.” “It failed: wincipally taevagh the oprrout ce. Di opposi- tion of the regal Governor, Bernard. “A simtar bill was passed in 1774, but was opposed bef instructions, as they reprogentatinens under clared. In 1769 @ negro, wamed James, sued his master, Rithard ¢, & wealthy resident of Caubridge, for his freedom. The suit was decided in favor of the elave, two years before ‘the decision of the 8o- merset care by Lord Mansfield. Other cases came @ and were decided in fayor of ae One ve sued his master for damages, Tesovered. The tunds for carrying on these suita were raised smong the colored people. The constitution ted by Massachusetts in 1780 declared that ‘all men are born free and equal,” which was held to abolish slavery by many. On this point a judicial decision was had in 178i. An action was brou; a The Supreme Court abolighed slavery entirely in usetts. The slave trade was by act of the Legislature in 1788. There are some few blacks now living in Massachusetts who were born slaves here. There is, or there was recently, a ne- gro woman residisg in this city who had been a slave for about thirty years when the decision of the Supreme Court gave her her freedom, seventy-three sears ago. A From there details it appears that Massachusetts has not been so ‘free from having encoursged and upheld sisvery as some of her people have su sulaics ay east seen ae ve an ir to ° stitution, She 4 never been much shead of the” ege, and seldom behind it, on any subject. How far the fict of her not being a slave State is due to pbysicg] rather than moral causes, will probably be decided by each man for himself. Practically, the question is not one of any great Acoma. Brarxa Hrrx,, Ala., Oct. 25, 1854. The Drought and the Crops—Cotton and Iron~ Politics--The Southern Opinion of Mr. Seward, $e. He. As the varicus causes which afflict our crops, par ticularly cotton, while maturing, have principally passed, and the opportunities for estimating the present crop being, ina measu-e, clear from the croakings and speculations arising from the hopes and fears of interested pities, I will endeavor to give you, as near as practicable, the real cordition of crops ia th’s section. Altogether the season has been an unfavorable one, Early ard continued drought from the commence ment of planting prevented good “stands” of cot- ton, and rendered corn extremely backward and sickly in appearance until about the Ist of June, when rains set in, producing a 1apid and unexpected improvement in both, more particularly in corn, which bid fair to prodnce an abundant crop. Dry weather, however, suddenly agsin set in and checked the prospect. Ae it is, there fs enoug) probably for the consumption of the country, though short of an average crop. Cotton, the mos; impor- tant crop, has been more seriously affected. and will prove materially short. Judging from the results of picking thus far, and making allowance for au average time for the appearance of frost, this vi.i- nity will fall one third short of last year's yield; and no where do we hear of any section in this part of the State makings full crop. Other crops of the country are ccmparatively so unimportant that I will notice them only with the pagsing re- wark that havo suffered from sam? cases, and are generally indifferent. r And now, Mr. Hsratp, while on the subject of “cropa,” permit me to inquire if the present season Las not b-en prolitic, in your latitude, of a surplus “ crop” of 3 olitical “isms?” Jud; ing from appear- ances it would seem that ‘“Sewardism had flourish. ed in epite of * droughts,” “frosts” or the hard necks of the Henan, and bad pretty thorsugaly inflated the late Mg: party and the soft part of the democratic, The Nebrasks bill must have beea a perfect “godsend” Te sectional agitators ant sbem phi'suthropists of the Greeley school. They | sppear to be in their «lory; and, if possessed of any | cegree of Neri certaiuly ought 10 make Doug: Jas President for the opportunity tus afforded them of abusing the South and bringisg themselves into notice. There is eomethisig gratifying to the Scuth in the developements of this Northern Ne- | braska ex itemest—something which sugurs well for the future. To see | iapahed and orators, who for years pass have publicly preached and practised open visletion to be Fugitive Slave law and other compr mise acta of 1850, now suddenly wheel round and piovrly prate abont the necessity of keeping’ | Mss Highted faith” and “ abiding by the compromise of 1520,” ia ce:tainly cheering, provided it epricgs fiom radical conve: oF an AoLest inotive. It would iadicate that the rizhts of tha South are to be rel giously respected—that we shall saffer | nO fartier loss from rucaway or stolen slaves—that we shsi] hear of no more Caristiana murders, Jerry resenes, oF Boston ricts—in si.or!. we almost fancy | we can see the Beecters, Greeleys, Sumnera and | Sewaics, ord other kindred spirits, in bot purauit | of come poor fying fugitive, to resto-e him to his | ) master, in their present.ceal for the “ favio- by of solemn compacte.” If it worke sach re- ' ies, let Nebracka and Kansas remain ‘ free terri- tury"—the Union is rave. * TR Seen Txcrents op rue Errpemrc at SAVANNAN—A Savannah letter publishe-in the Worcester Zranseripl communicates ome interesting Incidents in regard to the late epidemic in that city. In one ensea man in the | Jai] became aware that hé must shortly die, and inquired | of the attenling physician, ‘how long he had to ‘iver About on hour,” was the reply. “Then bring mo bottle of champagne.” A pint bottle of wine was brought, and immediately drank with apparently good rel sh. felicw sank beck and war Goad 6, Puls the pgor bottle of champagne and some oranges, ‘They ware given her, and she drank the wine and eat freely of the oranges, and, strange to say, sh@dmmedintely recoveren, ¥ An Irishman, who lived alone, was in the last stages of the fever, and ihe attending physician, knowing that he must fij¢ during. the» hited another Ivistgnan to alt up wih him, af (li time farnishing the watcher with a bottle of br for his own use, Diving the night the watcher got tired of drinking alone, and fo he bolstered up the dying man and forced flowing bumpers down his throat. The doctor came in the morning, more to learn what time his patient had died than anything | else, and his astoniahment ay be guessed at seeing the | sick man bolt upright in bed, juat laying his pipe w the little table hy the bedside, and the worthy Watener | Bt pe a bri iD ybe Corner, New Books. Roy’s New Oarronerica, Hesrew ap ENGLISCH ; Grammar: Stanford & Sworde—Thia is a valuable contribution to edvfational litevature, and will be found to remove many of the ¢ffiiculties that op- posed themselves to the popular study of the He- | brew language. By ite aid, those who are desirous | of reading the Holy Scriptures in the original | language in which they were written will be evabled with ordinary diligence to do so in about three months, The prejadice that pre- vails with regard to the difficulty of acquiring Hebrew is based rather on the imperfect character of the elementary books which teach it thaman the construction of the language itself, As it is'the, ort ginal, so it is one of the purest and simplest tongues known, and should therefore present no real obsta- eles to the student. Mr. Roy deserves credit for the simple, lucid, but, at the seme time, comprehen- sive arrangement of bis grammar. It presentasame featuses that are not to be found in any similar work of the kind that we sre acquainted with, and that will be found extremely serviceable as hints to other compilers. In the fret place, it answers the purpose of both @ grammar and dictionary, the thirty chapters which bave been selected from the Bible for illustration comprising nearly al] the roots of the Hebrew language. Secondly, it contains a ccrrect standard of pronunciation and an easy method by which a conversation can be carried on in Hebrew by a beginner. Thirdly, the author ha- thrown a vast deal of new light on the formation of verbs, nouns and adjectives, and, what is rematk- ablé, he has shown tke true nature, use and origin of the Hebrew accente. It will be seen from this description of its construction that Mr. Roy’s work not only lays claim to great simplicity of arrange- ment, but at the same time to originality and com prehensiveness of design. Court of Common Pleas—(ieneral Term. Hon. Judges Ingraham: * J.) and Woodruff, presid- Smith vs. Dodd et al—Woovrvrr, J.—In an ac- tion where the plaintiff avers the fsilure of the de- fendant to wake advances as required by an agree ment the parties, as the ground uvon which he demands sietermens and also claims that he, by reason thereof, been required to make, and made, numerous advances; and, on the other hand, the defendants in their answer aver that they bave made sll the advances which they were bound to mak reference is proper to the account of the advances respectively made, a teference may be ordered before the other ivsues are qubmitted toa jury for trial. It seema that inan action in which a reference may lawfully be mace, an order of a judge at special term, deciding that a reference is proper, rests so far in discretion that it cannot be sppealed from. a Schneidir et al. vs. Bayer—Woovnvrr; J—A’ mere opinion of the Court, entered as an r with the Clerk at s; ecial term, is these word3:—A mo- tion baving been made to determine the question as to the plaintiffs’ right to costs on the verdict, it is ordered that the plaintiffs are entitled to their coste,”” ia hich an appeal lies to the s an , and until it is made effective by some judgment or award of corte it avails notbing. When the action is in sub- stance the former action of waste, and the laint alleges a forfeiture, and a ear of pos: is prayed for, the title to real estate appeers by the dings to be in question, and the Marine Jus es Courts have no jur: tion. Russell vs. Roberts et al—Woovrvrr, J.—Wken & chattei is bired fora limited period (as for a day or a night) at a definite pri e,and the hirer neglects to return it, but detains it for muc’ longer period, he is not liable, in an action brought to recover for aoe ne a wecharmed Late amg og lor ev. or other period may €! Jerovely should be limited to the vi oh tis ts for the entire period of the detention. The price agreed for one day ia not. the standard of value, wien the detention having continued for se Tmonths,on ccmpntation by the day, amounta to aa eee the whole value of the chattl and in- res’ Miller v2, Ritz —Woovrvrr J.--In an actigu by the psyer of a note against the maker, it isa good defence that such note was given t to = plaintiff’ to Trevew & previous note, upon Pl otiff’s a> ment to :etorn it to such maker, and that the plain: tiff has never returned sach previous note. In such case the -note sued u; is without consideration, It will not aid the plaintiff in sich case to admit that he holds both notes in his pcstession. Clarkson et avs. Mitchell — itappears by the ent a terne ooprurr J—When aint that the by mage ltd sverment that a of s fund - in the instrument creat’ng the trust fixing the rate of interest to be allowed for the useof the fund at five per cent instead of s¢ven per cent, was inserted imp: operly and by the usdue infiu- ence of the trustee, ard the Prager of the complaint (four ded upcn this statement) that the trustee ac- countto the plaintiffs for interest at te rate of seven Ret cent from the time the trust wae crested. Held ad cn Cemurrer, the plaistiffs not being entitled to the interect ot all until the prineipal be ame dne to them, If the plaintiffs sought interest as matter of Jaw upon the préncipul, after such prin-ipal became payable to them, they shou!d have so declar d. The Matter demurred to proceeds entirels upon the ground of illegality in the act of the trustee,and makes that the foundation of a claim to the two per cent differ: ence between five and revea per cent. Garriscn ve, Pierce—Wooprvry J.—In an action for a malicious prosecution, if. want of probable cause is shown, malice is inferred—exjpress malice reed not be poved. Ifa plaintiffis kept in prison for ay pericd, however short, without probable cause, the law presumes that he sustained ages. ve -damoge need net be averred or proved. hether the defendant had probable cause or not is ® qnestion for the Court when-the facts ar2 not disputed, and when the facts are in dispute it ba- comes a mixed question of Jaw and fact,upon which tre jory must paes, under instruction from the Court respecting the rules of law applicable to the subject. juldrich vs. Ryan—WooprcFr, J.—Where cat- tle brought to market by a drover, and they are | ro'd to a butcher to be slaughtered, if there be uei- | ther fraud nor express ps the maxim caveat | emptor no watranty of sourd:ess is implied. Hence, when, upon being slaughtered, cattle wore | jound to have been bruised on the j murney, held, in. | the absence of any proofot resentation or con- | cealment, or even knowledge Of t aS by the cattle, that the veader was not ie without | an express warranty that no such defect exiatei, Geraud and Others vs. Stagg § Beach.—Ingra- nam, F.J.—An action for damages for a libelagainst | {he members of a company or association, other than | partners or persons baving a community of interest | Ja hich they can sustain damage, cannot be niaia- tained by them jointly. Where the jibel only al- | Judes to some of the company, they cannot maintain | a joint action, Whetser apy one of the com » | could maintate an action in such a case. is Goubte je | Ove of two perzons referzed to in a libel must show | that be isthe pereon alinded to before he can ra- i> cover, and canrot call‘on the defendant toshow to, © whom the hibel referred. Sante Minto vs. the Mayor §c., of New York.— | Tnonanam, F, J.—Under the act of 1882 relative t> | the Police Department, the: Mayor has no devre- tier ary power to refuse pay to a member of the Po- lice Depa'tment while absent from daty, if auch ab rerce is caused by sickness or et contracted in the public service. Tce provisions of the act of 1849 giving such power to the Mayor are repealed by the act cf 1853, The Police Department cannot by rale sequisefe ma poli emain tre performance by him of shy condition prio: to such payment, inconsistent with the sct. So that the regulstion rqniring a cert'fieste of the physicizn of the de; ent before payment, which he may or may not give, is incorsis tent with the statute and vo! : Gur dver vs. Wr ight— Ixoraram, F. J.—Whers 4 Cefencant mistakes the retuin day, and atteodaon another day in consequen ¢ ofench mist ke, he may, cn poof thereof, excuee hia defan't. Mere forget Sultese of the day isno excuse, Ip order to show iba’ injustice has been done by the judgment, the cefendsnt shouid show by the witnesses oo whom he 1€] cs to prove his defence, the error that hus been committed, 0.4 his mere sffidevit is not rufficiont, if contradicted by the plaintiff and other witnesses. | Abo hull vs, Roach—Jxorsuam, F. J.—Where a ustice commences the trial of a cause, acd adjourns ihe rsme fcr thirteen days, on account of tis ab- scence cf a witness, held that such sdjournment wae je ' therizcd, and rendered the future proceedings void. A Wirr Beoratty Morperep sy Hee Deowxen Hterand.—iast night, between Topsham and Bowdoin- ham, a man by the name of Charles Crisp murdered his wife in the most brutal manner, The instrument used in causing Ler death was a piece of pleigh:whoe, Several who caw the corjse say they never saw a human body so disfigured, being laccrated’ and bruised from bead to foot. The rable, bratal husband, says she died in a fit. ve that after the fatal deed was 06 miles in a wag el it to the house. eoundrel, and it is said m at times. Crisp lh Obably be brought to thie fncts, gathered hastily by our hauled the eorpee two blood from it, and retern. forman’ Iy troe, ard they male one of the most shocking occur rences we have ever bee upon to record in ths vieinity.—Bath (Me.) Mirror, Nov. Fine 1x Coxcorn, N. H.—We learn from the Con- cord Patriot that the Unitarian Church edifice in that city was totally consumed on the 24 inst. with its furni- ture, organ and bell. AH exertions to check the devour- ing element were unavailing, and in alittle more than an bour the strycture apg ite contents were a mas* of Tyne, Our Cayuga Correspondence. Famuaven, Little Sodas, N. ¥., Nov. 1, 1854, The Change of the Season—The Work on the Har bor—The Railroad—Whe Crops, §e., $2» Bince my Jast letter a change has come over,the land, and smiling autumn, lavish as she ever is in | this country of brilliant beauty, has colored the forests with every hue, from the bright scarlet to the dusky brown, ti] the whole region seems to bloom like a vast flower garden, Nothing Gan exceed in beauty the picturesque loveliness of Fairhaven, with its neat little Methodist ehurch and old hotel, | standing as they do at the head of the bay, com- mandipg & prospect for miles out on Lake Oatario, while here and there around the shores the little white cottages and numbers of new buildings erect- ing give life to the scene. Every thing is very quiet here. The rustic pleasure partiss have all gone with the summer, and it is only now and then that the report of a gun reminds you that Sodus has stili great attractions in the quantity of wild game which abounds here. ‘The work on the harbor is discontinued, and the government vessel which was employed at the sand bar bas left. I believe that they judge tH® west pier to be 20 far completed that it will safely endure. astrife with the wintry elements, and render the entrance to the bay clear in the spring. pected that the mext congressional session will grant another appropriation to carry on this work, and that it will be completed in the course of the next summer. Operations on the railroad have not been resumed, but there is to be a meeting of the stockholders at Aubarn on the 9th of this month, when it is confi: ently believed by those who are interested in the rogress of this work, that matters will b= so ar- pt as to devise means to finish the road in the | course of a year from the present time. I can say ttle sbout politics. Everything is in about the same situstion here as throughout the State, and parties are so divided that it is imposai ble to predict the evcnt, but the Know Nothing are evidently gaining ground. You wished to know something about the villages about here. There are but three in the town of Sterling at al worthy of notice. Sterlweg Centre in the principal of theae, and [ believe is more of a bu- einess place than either of the others; yet in your estimation it would rank Jow asa business place, but here it is idered a thriving little village, as are alae Martville and Pelham. But you must not imagine because we have few large settlements that this town cannot claim an equal rank with others in old Cayuga. We have many fine: farms ina good state cf cultivation, and an industrious and in‘elli- gent people. The late crops have all turned out well, with the RY ae of buckwheat, which is not as us The fali bas been most favorable ing in the crope; the weather being dry 8 Teaves no excuse to the dilatory farmer who has nos pal sare Seng winter, ip quantities of apples have been shipped place, via Oswego, for tie city of New York. This climate is very favorable for the growth of apples and peaches; of the former fruit we seldom have a failure, and annually send awsy asupply to leas favored places. Fritz. The Price of Coal. TO TRE EDITOR 0@ THE HARALD. New York, Nov. 2, 1854. Si2-—Will you oblige consumers of coal with the infor- mation if it Is lawful for coal dealers to sell Liverpool coal | by weight. For example, I order a chaldron of Liverpool coal, which is thirty-six bushels, in bulk, nearly equal to two cart loads of anthracite coal. Well, the coal dealer delivers to me barely one cert load, or about eighteen Dushels of coal, which anakes the price equal to seventy- four shillings sterling for coal, which the importer pays but twenty-two shillings sterling for in Liverpool. Is a chaldron of coal delivered at. the weight, 2,000 pounds, (twenty hundred ponnds,) equal to a chaliren of thirty: six bushels of coal ordered? CONSUMER. Se FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. MONEY MARKET. Scspay, Nov. 5-6 P.M. ‘The yast week has Leon rather a quiet one in the The early part was characterize’ by great dulness and depression; but a change was realized towards the close, and operators for a vise appeared to stock marlet. have more confidence. The news recently recelyed frem Europe tk considered favorable, and the rapidity with which liquidation on this side is progressing, induce many to believe that,-before the fapse of many months, we shall have such an aecumulation of money, and such a contraction of credits as will make everything easy, and strengthen public confidence in the future. We do not believe in any immediate revival of business, of an immediate return to more active times; but we do be- Lieve that there is abottom somewhere, and that we are not, at present, far from it. Great cantion is exer- cised in entering into new commercial engagements. The predominant desire appears to be to get out of debt, and (here is very little doubt but that the liabilities of the community at large are undergoing a reduction as rapicly as ever before known in our Iristory, We trust tis good work will go on, until every ono has brought his affairs into asnug manageable condition. Nothing short of this will work ont our redemption, The pay- ments yesterday inté the banks were to an immense amount, and the creation of new liabilities was com- paratively limited. The banks find it less difficult to contract their line of discounts at this season than any other, particularly at this juncture, when such a large amount of paper is maturing. The contraction is, there- fore,” destined to continuo at a more moderate rate, we trust, than thus far realized, until the bank moyement is placed upon such a basis as will force a restriction of imyortations, and give us an opportunity to accumulate specie frdm the California receipts. When we are out of debt we are out of danger, is a maxim all should be governed by just now. That all classes were too much extended: that none of the calculations and expectations relative to the effect of the disturbances in Europe, upon some of our important local interests, have beed realized; that our internal improvements have been moro costly and less productive than anticipated, and that we have contracted debts to a much greater extent and mach faster than we could pay, ix tfuo; and the sooner we minke up our minds to go through a period of inaction, and adopt such measures as circumstances require to extricate allie leading financial projects of the day from the embarrassments and entanglements surround- ing them, the sooner we shall get into clear weather again, and be able to get good observations forour fature guidance. About three-quarters of the corporations which have been formed during the past two yeats, for banking, ning, manufacturing, aod ether ptrposes, should be wound up and quictly pas# opt offexistence. Mariy of them bave already died a violent death, and ny more are now undergoing the pangs of dissolution. It will be some relief to: the. community generally, and to those who have been losers, particularly, when the ¢ mong these corporations deaiser, fer then we may look for a more healthy state of things anda return of strength to take hold of new enterpris It is fortunate that the process of lig@idation has not been atte A with more disasters. It was forced upon the community be- fore it had become freakenca hy a long series of losses, and the contractjfin has’ been enrried on steadil, out destroying gy great interest. The mac o commerce hag been gradually reduced to its present movement, all works smoothly, but with less power. ‘Vhe safety yalves have not been too abrup ad they Phave thus far worked ad 1 aurS we I have @ natural seactio gxndual reovery. portation of specte frem this port last weekewos quite lagge, as appears by the annexed statement — {LUMENTS OF SYrOM FROM THK Port oF New Yor Jd bars $552,311 43 106,640 00 100,000 00 with tly closed iraira) apd we hope # do. do. Cal. s Etoewer Weshingtow, Premen 129/181 03 co. do. Am. gold.... 6,550 00 Weta} FoF ME WOK. ce sece ces e esse esee $1,040,088 6T Previously reported in 2864..00..°°2... 893676)458 00 # i! 4,493 °67 ton took outa much smaller There will be but one steamer Total for the year,. ‘The steamship Was fum them anticipated. from thig port next week. A: He Sedlay’s regular veii-weekly auction sale of stocks and bonds will take place this day, at 12% o'clock, at the Merchants’ Exchange. ‘The stockholders of the Hudson River Raifrand Com- pany have got availed themselves of their right of.pre- emption of new mortgage bonds, amounting to $1,000,-" 000, at 80 per cent, The bonds are now offered to the holders of the old bonds, and as an inducement, it is propored to every ho'der of the convertible bonds taking any of the new issues, to includes proportionate amount of the convertib'es they may hold in the mortgage of the road, The I Tt in ex: | good as | After @ | | traor@inary circular from the Auditor of that State. We should hke very much to know where Mr. Dunn gots his authority from for proposing such a swindling scheme Orrick oy Avprron oF Starr, of Gaanciering:—~ LypianaPou, Noy. 1, i854. } To correct an erroneous impression entertained by ersons, that the hgider of notes of the stoe! ving them proteste? thereby acquires a priority ¢ undersigned deems it his duty to nat the fact. In case of the winding up of any bank under the statute, the notes uot.pro- tested are placed on the same footing as those which have been protested, and a dividend of the asseta will Le made pro rata. Holders of notes should also bear in mind that the | *mount of the dividend would be essentially diminished by the costs and fees of protests, and expenses of sale of assets. | ,. The undersigned has also determined that in dixcharg- ing his duty to all the creditors of any bank which may de forced into liquidation, be will not proceed to offer any of the assets of such in the market, until after at least sixty days notice in New York, London and Paris, so a8 to ensure the largest and best price for the securities, and not then, if, in bis opinion, the ultimate | interests of all concerned will be promoted by » further | extension, He is, also, authorized to exchange the State stocks a i in his office as collateral by several of the | man, banka, } sums of not less than one thousand dollars. JOHN P. DUNN, Auditor of State. fo long as the Indiana bankers made money out of their banking operations, they were perfectly willing to pocked, the proGte, Now the tables have turned, and the Auditor deliberately invites the bill holders to pocket the loss and take at par stocks which have depreciated in market value at least twenty per cent, in exchange for the bank issues, His sole object appears to be to shield the benks from all loss by the depreciation of their se- curitier, and force it upon the public. If the Auditor has any authority for such official conduct, the basis of Indiana currency is much poorer than that of some of the old wild cat banks of Michigan. These bank super- intendents have altogether too much power and too | little responsibility, and some remedy will have to be applied by the Legislatures of the different States. The Superintendent of the Banking Department in this State hes in his possession public stocks amounting to about twenty-fivé millions of dollars, with the power to trans- fer the whole, or any portion of them, at any moment and his bonds only amount to fifty thousand dollars. This ia not right, ‘The annexed statement exhibits the quantity: and value of certain articles, “other than foreign dry goods | , at par for their circulation, whon presented in | wood, {ons 117 | Tpntine, bbls 100 | D. goods, es,. 18 | Apples, bole. #0 | Stems, bhds.. 28 Tobacco... 1,613 tre, bys SET Teqwood, tous 25 Cotton, bales. 20 Tea, chests... 30 Ronin, bbls... 112 Clocks, es..,, 17 1. RB, goods,.. 26 Staves, No..... Flour, bbls. .1,500 Corn, bush. . 2,800 Corniieal, bbls 650 k Tallow... ..4) | Clocks, bxa... Total BI Cornmeal, bbls 160 Beef. . 8 | Pork, ar) | Lard, ibs 902 Haws 788 Total i Sp. turp.,bbls 50 Vi ~ 200 Rosin, Prandy, pun, Codfish, Te. .2,868 Peiatoes, bbls imported inte this port during the week ending and in- | ApYle Inding Friday, Nov. 3, 185 4: Mather, Commence or tun Pe J, R.goods, ex = 1 Quant, Carte 4 Artints’ mat... 26 Domes i 17,123 Hardware | 3076 ‘Alcohol, bi 49" | | ones | Wagons ..... 4 "566 Coal, tons... 67 | 345. 4 | Syrup, boxer. 200 H 165 Furnitufo, ca, 221 604 Build’g mat.. 405 | Ink, cases... 250 Flour, pkgs... 298 a | Groceries... 242 7,260 Flour, bbis ». $68 54 Rice..... 10,443 Butter, Ibs... | 9,897 Cheese. , ‘883 Sugar .. 340 K Wine 968 505 | Shot, 138 4,108 Dyes, eave =n 524 Hardware.) 59 1,935 8,224 | Paper, bals .. * Of paintings. Steel, oi . 4 242 Liquors— — | Brandy 6 Ammonia.... 12 030 Ale.... 9,917 Seeds, bags.. 50 | Reg.antimony 18 75 | Powder, kegn 341 Cr. tartar... 25 15,327 , bage. 11 5 i Tallow, .1bs . 16 | Soap, boxe 7,401 | Total... 6,203 | F 3 Pepper, bags. 70 araee Metting,rolle. 70 73 Undressed bbl ge 541 Boots and 2 22 | Weware, pkgs 17 2,220 — Metal goods— | Tear uhoetee as 3,507 Cutlery 42 (17,554 | Flonr pbla.. 672 2,325 Hardware. 68,258 | Ravin’ ¢ 60 732 Guns 35 6,919 | Ctookea, bo: Gum arable.) 111 2,894 Tron, tons. 5.180.174 | Cotton g De. almasiga. 70 162 Pig fh $5,510 | Hardware.do, 68 Hyd.of potash 7 1,256 Railroad ...13,419 94,094 | itty carean, 7 arg gi Ne Sheet, bals..4,160 16,206 | og“) One 500 : 501,068 | Yardy Ibs 82 Do. juice, c 298,656 | Tay ee a = ome oo Mineral water 7359 Vick eauces,, 1 5 | Buiter, Ibs. Litha 18 Crackers, Opiur 2 Beans, bbls Insect x 20 y tres. Ebsmiieaa:: 8 Hanis, Ibs... 2,400 Orris root 6? Apples, bbls.’ 100 Sheathing... . turp’edo, 6 Yellow metal. Tar, do 25 Brass goods Metal do. Saddlery Per. cai Copper. Plated w Silver ¢ Machinery Tools Marble. Mill stones. Whetstones Molasees, 620 4,787 soos 83,7 t ng the week followa—China, $36,831 ; Perovian bark, $127,144 ; raisins, $82,894; earthenware, $68,096; furs, dressed skine, $61,869; hardware, $66,258; fron, $15 pig iron, $65,510; railroad iron, $94,004; steel, $19, tin, $166,202; lead, $169. rags, $36,532; watches, $59,981; wines, $29,573; champagne, $43,088, The annexed statement exhibits the quantity and value of certain articles exported from this port during the week ending and including Friday, Nov. 5, 1854, dis tinguishing the destipation and extent of shipments to cach place: ‘ Commence ov The Pout or New Youx—Weeriy Lavonts. JAVERPOOL. Val, cloths, es mphene oap, DXS..., 800 Roots & shoes 20 Lard ofl, gal, 403 3 Logwood, tns. 35 ) Clocks, bh 109 4,800 Other articles — . | Hope, b 2,034 Xp. turp, bbls 100 Turpentine 2,058 Lea. cloth, b: Fone bik, hd 35 Total, AMPTON. Whalete,t 268 Apples, bbls 4.290 Cheese, Ibs Hops, bales,, 894 Joa, 2 4 Machinery... 1 Lod. ord, Tha. .12,264 prisror. 9 Logwe $1 , tns 197 SS B. turp’e, bble 126 i Staves, No-.2,200 176 Totalesenss vane -$17,562 Corn, burhele, viseesesebeeses JBQ0U8 928,214 ANTWERP, Cotton, bis... 667 7 Guano,tons,. 415 $9,750 } Peef, tex..... 20 500 Potashes, bbls 369 12,823 Pork, bla... « iy 1,844 Oil, cks + IP 1664 ee 200 8. tarpn’e,bla 625 12, bblx.11,010 24,680 Logwood, tn. 225 6,18 bbl. 81,184 8,124 Staves, No.20,000 2,000 alebone..8,089 1,482 ny ign'482 2,014 Spices, bx#..1,000 10,240 tk, p 6 176 1. R. goods, en’ 40 1,760 Drugs, bes... 6 1% shouldrs,1b0.6,626 332 Other articles — 229 Cocoa, bags... 175 809 1,268 = Total. Tallow, Ibs.10,521 | MEXICO. Gone, carriages and ammunition. cussasare® ot 921,140 @ | Tobacco, 1bs.2,164 008 t h’ks&hhds18,490 Rop 20 Drugs 4 Hojs, bales... 12 Type, en i Plocks, y) 2 1. BR. goods, es, 5 | Domestics, ba 117 Dag. mat’s, cs Gal “ ent, bbls, afer Mahog., jogs. 4 Reef, bbls, Pear, bg Tobacco, pkgs Carriage . Total... Hardware, xe Tea, chests... Drugs, eases. Paper hang., 1.'R goods, Flour, vie .. Corn, bush... Reef, bb) 330 Total,. export to chofee State a 21, mixed to faney | Rye flour and’corn | scarce and inactive. | white transpired at $5,220 | were ns last noticed 9 fare ot $150 9 $1 31, Jac. for unsound, ———— | Western mixed, and 87 $47,122 | purheb, showing a decidedly firmer feeling in the market $4 25, and Lhe kinds in pr ‘anedian, in bond, at $8 75, and 1,700 bbis. Couthern ct $0 26 a $10 62/5 per bbl. OPORTO. $240 Staves, No.30,000 900 Lin’d oil, bola 2 230 Sp. turp: cs.. 16 295 1,150 Total AMERICAN COLONIBS. Leather, bdls, 651 Domestics, bls 20 Oakum, bils. Tar, boke Candles, Beans, sacks. 47 Coal, tons..,, 143 Lari oil, gals. 304 ct ec, Ibs.. 800 1/089 Lumber, {t..1,000 341 BRITISH KAST INDIPS, $503 Brimetne,bbls 120 410 Boards, {¢,905,551 550 Copper, Oil, gail 50 Tobucco, pkg. 3 86 Pitch, bxa 4 121 Hats, doz 8 $8 Oil, gall: 242) Whale oil, 282 Drugs, bxs... 1 612 Hay, bales. 50 140 Lumber, ft.10,000 923 Other articles — 423, 633 =Total AUSTRALIA, 4 $260 Books . 5 300 Paintings 3 450 Clothes pins. 100 2,190 Lumber, ft 209,150 1)222 — 600) Total... ees ++42$12,232 $2,200 Paint, pkgs .. 40 $2,269 Paint, “ 2,775 Cantos, toxes 469 _ 2689 275 160 Dry goods, ca” 10 Firearms 6 ‘Wax, Ibs... .. 274 Boller tubes. 26 Vermillion, bx BH . R. goods, os Sewing mach, Stationery,cs. 6 Perfumery,bx 30 Tar, bbls ..... 10 Other arts... — Domestics, ex. 10 04 Bread&cra. bx 120 Furniture, do. 60 Vermifuge, do 23 Rope, coils... 24 Tobacco, hhds Powder, kegs, 300 Lumber, a lot 4 Other goods. . CUBA. Park, hhds.., 12 Flues, boxes. 5 215 Boiler... 1 8,797 Iron, sheet 1,920 Scap, box 125. Paper, rm: 272 Machinery, 1,478 Pickets, bdlx, 943 454 Crackers, tins 200 8,555 Drugs, ce 29 4,956 Salt, Dx. 1B 1,826 Matcher 0 405 Blackiny 163 Mech’y . an) farley, i irl 14 Ink... 885 Other articles — 380 = Total... ee, FReNcn wast "XDIES. Shooks, X¢ +1,316 REPUBLIC. Furniture, bx 61 Lumber, pea 5,346 Other articles — Total.s.ssseeee BRITIAN GUIANA. $2,970 Lamps, os... 6 85 Furniture, bx 19 Shoes, cs..... 6 Shook Tat week the shipments amounted to upwa of eighty thousand dollars, Copper valued ai $19,150 was cent last week to London, CITY TRADE REPORT, 995 2,478 6,190 505 It will be seen that the aggregate ix pretty eqnaily divided between specie and merchandise. The shipments of breadstulis Jast week were somewhat larger than usval.* Heps have formed lately an important article of Sasurvay, Nov, 4—6P. M. Bresneivrrt.-~Flour was in better demandgan¢ on the advance. The Say Sate embraced 9,500 bbls,—ordinary 7 mixed to fancy Western ro} meal were vm Small sales of $228 per bushel. nd dee. on, with it was handsome Southern Barley and oats Sales transpired of 4,600 beshels 000 Bustle corn at S4c. a a 87c, for common to prime a8S8e. for round yellow, ComTor.—The sales footed about 1,000 bales, and closed Froents, owners ge | 340. ) To London, 500 be: | and 70 a £0 one oil tered to load with ¢ 3¢c. and & per cont. | dinued to rule at 2 Havre, lard, hops |° Proveetoxs Pork } day’s business embri rere; $114 a $1135 unchanged. About 103ge. per Ib. ly dealt in hogs 5%e. r first A cargo of 9, OW me . for jine. Jd mese, deliverable Ws vebrnety 78.—-The market heads, embracing some 200, chiefly ‘The demand wae fair, with little $5,853 | steady at quotations. 910 | xen cheese were ony , at cake, at lia. Sd. A -vearel ‘otton i and bone were at 3¢ cent, continued tof avor aced 1,200 bla. ayers. t $12) 12: 10th. Cut meats were os to Liverpool were firmer, and ship- . demanded 6d. for corn im hulk and fn ehip’s bags; 200 tons lard wero Piga.st ie. Charleston fe Lrerpoo A t Char! for af ce. ‘To California rates con- 0c. per foot measurement. To The for for bbls. lard were taken at 10c. a at old rates. dage Manila was eold at Beef was in prett; request, at full with sales of 325 vole” Bute asd eheone were ee Caba, at 5igec. a 6 60-1006. offering