The New York Herald Newspaper, November 6, 1854, Page 2

TROUBLE IN PARAGUAY. | The U. S, Consul and the Secretary | of State. | — SPICY CHARGES AND BETORTS COURTEOUS, WILL WE HAVE WAR? | } We find in the Cronica of Buenos Ayres a repro- duction of certain letters and documents which have passed Letween our Consulat Asuncion, Paraguay— | Mr. Edward A. Hopkins—and the Minister of that re- | public. The correspondence, though menéoleg in | its tone, is actually amusing in detail, particularly in view of the petty circumstance on which the diplomatic notes are founded. It concerns an as eault committed by a dragoon cn the person of Mr. Ciemeat E. Hopkins—brother and private Sec- retary of the Consul— n the presence of a lacy, the wife of the French Charge d’Affaires. It seems that Mr. Hopkins and Madame Guillemot were riding at full gallop om the high road near the suburbs of As- uncion, when they raw coming in the opposite direo- tion a necd’of cattle in charge of a dragoom and two soldiers, They did not get out of the way or slackea their pace in time enough to prevent the herd being soattered, and the dragoon, incensed at the trouble caused him by the catue ecampering off in all direc- ions, cavalierly administered a rebuke to Mr. Hop- kins, in the shape of @ stroke with the flat of his sabre on the shouider of that gentleman, in the pre- sence of his fair companion. A formal complain was laid before the United States Consal, and recia- mations were immediately made by him to the go- | \ernment for satisfaction for this outrage on ap American citizen, Avcoumpanying the demand for )edress were the affidavits of Mr. C. B. Hopkins and Macame Guillemot. That of the former is as fol- oe ME. HOPKINS’ APFIDAYIT. Clement E. Hopkins, being duly aworn, deposeth ahd saith, that on Saturdsy, the 22d inst., (July,) about four and @ haj! o’clock P. M., he left the office of the United pe and Fe Steam Navi, » tion Company_in Sin Antonio, com, wit! Madame Guillemot, wife of the French, Charge @’ Affaires to this republic, for tie purpose of coming tothe capital. On nearing the ri of San Antenie Imota of cattle in charge of a cavalry aoldier and two foot soldiers. Aa the cattle appeared to be wild, 1 said to Madame Guillemot, ae aside, lest these cattle may gore your horse.” We therefore left the high road and entered on a little path on the right of te road. Whilst I was stand- with my shoulders turned towards the cattle, soldier in care of them came behind me, aud drawing bis sabre, struck me a blow with his full force om the shoulder, the mark of which was visible the next morning. The first intimation I had of his presence was the stroke, as he did not say a single | word to me. I immediateiy turned and asked him the caure of bis conduct, to which he replied to me Guarani, an idiom which I do not understand. all the queatious which I and Madame Guillemot d him to find » andl covsider that bis answers mnst have ingaltin; by the immoderate laughter ‘e ther threatened him witn , at which he and his companions laughed. jg unarmed and having no we fee ack wo the house occupied by the Ci ° San Antonio, and informed the Consul of what had occurred, and he | went out on horseback, accompanied by some men on foot, and I believe obtained his name. f the soldier im question is Agustin Silgero. He had put the cattle at fall gallop, and was riding before 28 fast as he o: Madame Jeanne E, Guillemot read the foregoing deposition, and conflimed the statement in every particular. . 5& ER?e i ry E eu These depositions were forwarded by the United and Celedonio Sayas, confirming the statement of | other Btates Consul to the Secretary of State of Paraguay, with the following note, demanding satiafaction:— U. & ConsuLarn, ASUNSION, 26th July, 1954. To Taw Minister or Forrien Arrams oy THR Re- se or Paraauag— e ed regrets very much the neces: ” sity of directing to your Excellency this note. By the annexed declaration, mi “A,” taken yesterday in the Consulate, it will be seen that Mr. Clement E. Hopkins, formerly Ame rican Vice-Consul in this repnblic, at preseut private score! of the consulate, brother and a member of the fa of the unde: signed, but, more than all, an American oltizen, has m assaulted in open day on the high road, by a coldier ot the army of this re- public, who being on service made use of his sabre against an unarmed man, leaving marks of the wea- . There was no provocation to 3 and it becomes even more dis- fact that it took place while Mr. opkins was accompanied by his relative, Madame , Galllemot, wife of the French Charge d’ Affaires in this republic. The un is forced to de- clare thas this act becomes more flagrant, as being of a long series of inaults of a ssoret and vile nature, directed against all Amorican citizens in this country for some mucths back—sugh as throwing stones at them in the etreets; yg the open windows of ths bpeearel agency of the United States and Paraguay Navigation this city; eenate sand is sub: stances, endang “s the life of the treasurer of said company and of his family; ‘emegeee- stant ories every time that an American ap: A nich: aot, etee tae pecye at eee excepted. As the ty injuries in question have almost ways taken — at or ina treacherous it has imapoes! , nizance of the culprit. Recent acts, Excellency, Tut which did not fall under the Jarisdiotion of the undersigned, permit him to make eome observations in this note, We Fey will readily admit that conduct such as tends to pro- scribe a whole naticn, having some of her sons in this land for the of employing therein their ies, their and their capital to develope her hidden treasures, can no longer be tolerated ia ailence. They (American citizens) have been out- while occupied ia Se gare ieged the rotection of the laws and usages universally recog- Sized among civilized nations, and which they themecives carnot violate with impunity. This con- tinual violation of the laws and of order and of morality which bind nations ia relations of friend- ship, directed against foreigners, who in all genor- ous countries are especially protected, is an unac- table gift for a just and friendly nation. Bat the undersigned ie pleased to believe that these frequent outrages directed against all Ameri- can citizens resident in Paraguay as illy represent the dispositions of the government as they are in- compatible with order, with peace, with respect, and with those friendly relations which the under- signed bang will never cease to gubsist between tho two nations. z It therefore only remains for the undersigned to demand a mpt and severe jahment, satis- factory in its neture, and to be afterwards pub lished in the only journal of the country, existing, as oe known, nader er exclusive authority of the Paraguayan government The snwervsigned demands this pun'shment, first with the object of giving satisfaction to the United States, offended, in te person of one of her citizens, who has been attacked violently and without provo- ¢:tion, white accompanied by lady, by a common eoldier, armed apd cn duty; sccond, vindicate the law of nations; and it will be permitted tne undertigned to say without meaning to offer advios, third, to vindicate the reputation of the republic of Paraguay, which the undersigned has dofended and sustained for such a long time and with so much success in the world. For you will admit that the governmentof Paraguay, aa that of all civilized hatlon ot the puiviloges and immunities which tater 10 ‘an 8 Dat i. Te Ly ministers and have You will also it that the matter immosfateand public example is yired, +» that the re} Of such a disagreeable necessity on the part of the undersigned or of his successor, | be for ever prevented. In opposing himself to j extravagances of a certain class of the of countiy, and whose sentiments appe ir poieaet: the justice for is smpelk d — » euty bis countrymen an. « sentiments which cannot fail to be appre Be Iya 1 ae. a ae Eowarp A, Horgm® ‘To this note the minister replied on the 27th Jaly, cavking Mr. Hopkins to state what were the recent a ts to which he alluded and om which he based his | overvations regarding the proscription of a1 entire nation having children in the land. In reply Mr. fio, tire referred the minister to the recent acts of | a certain Carisimo (Q—Not the Prince of Como, of | Lo'a Montes notoniety?—Ed. Herald) whem the com- mavdant of the American war steamer, Water#itch, prsithed for bev ng treacherously assaulted the said commer dash acd mpanion, another American 9 2c@, wilh Stores, ua public supet of the capital, the authority of government decree?. is urge: '. Am | at 10 o'clock at night. Mr. Hopkins, in his answer, aleo stated :— 1a the meantiane tes the endemsiansd to permitted to correct « dubious ia 01 ‘a ie oh tie eaved that ae Sete of te casoeeipoed of relative to the com: thesoldier of cavalry, Dom The note of the legal of the outrege an Silveroy fra demand for tin for s demand for a jast satisfaction, the saive’ for whieh it eaght 1 be accorded. THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIO OF PARAGUAY TO MR. EDWD. A. HOPKINS, U. Se cONstL:— Asuncioy, August 5, 1854. I have received from your Honor a note, dated ‘25th ult., the tenor of which is as follow. (Trans lated above. ) For the purpose of giving to this note the reply to which it was entitled, I addressed to you mine of | the 27th, to which yon on the 29th replied as fol- lows. (See foregoing.) Looking with indifference the terms employed by sou, tittle agreeable leas conformable to me axe ame Sin Sees Seepete wataet Hyams maintaine offici correspondence, proceed | to treat of your complaints. You say that the act’ alleged against the soldier of cavalry, Doa Agustin | Silvero, in striking Mr. Clement FB. Hopkias, oaly ‘8 the more ¢ from a series of in- | suits of a concealed and vile nature, directed im this | country against all Nerth American citizens reaident in Paraguay. Let us proceed in detail. | The solaier Silvero is ci h that he has been very much provoked by two indi- viduals, whom he did not recognise as natives or | foreigners—a thing which was entirely indifferent | tobim. He should have contented nimself with | Ing of bento tho pollee tarough his commanding | of them to the police commar. { offi . But it not a great matter that an exasperated soldier should travegress, when persons who are called civilized do not cease to court the displeasure of the government in return for ey ee and favor they receive. You say that accused inflicted strokes without provocation, and which cannot be justified. Noone cap credit this; ‘but you seek to prove it by the de- itions of your brother and his relative, comprised in the charge made sgainst the seldier Silvero. The documents which accom| your note of the 25th, and marked A, are the ons cited. In them the deponent declares as follows—(ace foregoing). The deposition of the lady confirms the statement Stas aii ay iad pe fobody; al ely, nobody. people take ee ebay of the case, and the real circum: stances, in justification of the said statement. You will, in good faith, perceive that the statements of EE ulpable, notwithsteuding | bel seversmest knows not the bases, the funds, nor the jects of such company. 4 tie vague and naprored complaints of in- sults and hostilities offered by this country against Americon citizeps, which you have esagernied } hic. 1¢ is probable that the author of the said Buenos Aypeas joceaes will not com himself by pub lishing his commentaries on of the Semanario cn the exsggerated statements of Mr. Graham. It is to be beiievea that it will not be a very agreeable thing for the government of the United Eistes to learn that its public agents desire to mix themselves up in hatred of this republic and of se preremest pelo 13 cultivating @ frank, just respectful rien ,e Your multiplied complaints in the note to which this is a reply cannot but give place to the thought t you are working in the way of inclining your yay pet in their favor, t2 the prejudice of a person; | and that these declarations are, therefore, worth just | as much asif they had never been writtes, But it isa somewhat surprising novelty for youte make | od said relative appear before you to swear, tes- yy, and ratify, without the knowledge of her hus band, Don Eugenio Guillemot, Charge d’ Affaires of France in this republic; whilst it is also remarkable that the depositions bave not your signature, while the ratifications are signed by you alone. You might | well bave relied Ty the justice of the goverament, — and sought it with a fair, candid statement of the case. In the summary which I have cited, it has been | proved that the cavalry soldier, Don Agustin Silvero, signalized twice with his arm to a man and | & woman who were coming at full gallop, nearing the riyulet of San Antonio, that they sbould step out his name, be réplied in Gas- aside from that narrow road, 80 a3 to avoid ecatter- Which you use, and it is a proof that you proceed ing the ficck which he was conducting, into the thickets of the place, and that Pastor Ofnedo, one , of the three neighbors who assisted Silvero in re- | covering the herd, reeing the said two persons pro- ae oe ite Ge bepied t galop: een vero, and going along lop, shout after them and Byam the that they should leave the , but that nothing was able to restrain them. They galloped into the middle of | the feck and did scatter them into the thickets on bota sides of the road, and then it was that Silvera gave a streke to the man who ited iu doing | that injury, on which he snd his companion went to the side of the road, and asked the soldier his name, and he told them Bilvero. Then they pro- | cceded at full gallop to go home. Thus testify the three witnesses, Pastor Olmedo, Sebastian Ariasy BSilvero. Mr. Clement might have avoided the blow by the exercige of that caution which he should have used | on tke occasion; but he and his companion pre- ferred to give us a proof of their civilization in the contempt and contamely shown to a soldier of the republic, who is Ley to carry his sabre in the | performance of duty, to make himself be rea | pected to a certain point. . The Paraguayans are attentive to every duty of a cold er, and they never in their course trample un- der foot persons or animals; and foraignera must not come to execute with impunity examples of such cppression. ° Teiivero being examined, whether it is true that to | the question as to his name, asked him by the two persons referred to, he answereithem in Guarani and whether his answer were insulting s0 as to cause the immoderate lavghter of his companions, as hes been represented in oe td amis aa at is your name?” and he re , ‘ Bilvero,” without any more expression than ke should have felt; and that he has not seem or heard that his companions shed at that matter. The three witnesses referred Ie so dactare the same. Silvero being asked whether itis true that he was threatened with the police however, involve and that he and bis compa hed answered that it is entirely false. nersea declare that 1 in Damed by ap Gompany, one lished in pony canal ions at that, he three wit- | have not heard the police iy), that they have not seen or | laogh. bod: You that you immediately took means to ascertain the yy of the said soldier by his pas: port, and you are es pate Sate ! remptorily proved, : on Silvero { Tiron oh the town where you live eu cuseed tim te be bya troep of fcot sold‘ers, and Silvero, think- ing that his arrest might be the object sought, as them, and they hae that by your order they came to bring the herd to the keeper, as you had only to treat with Silvero; to which he answered that be had only to go to the next station, and then be would meet you if youhad any. business with him; bat you very soon came up on back, ask- itg him ‘@ Vag! 4, a common fellow as he, had s right to strike the brother of a consul. To this Sil vero replied that he did not know the 3 that his officers did net regard him as ® nd or low fellow, and that you might treat with them as to the occurrerce, wnderstandisg that he would inform them of it s¢ soon as ie should re‘urn to his barrack. This is also testified to by the three witnesses; and that, thereapon, you ceased vituperating Silvero, and) returned homeward. Such is the cause for which your Excellency seeks & prompt and severe public chastise mint, sat tery in its matare, as you say, and which is to be ubiished in the Semanario to give satisfaction— at, to the United States, offended in the person of ore of ite citizens attacked, without provocation, by a common sok ier; second, to vindicate the law of nations; cA wo eae i eaetatd ae ublic Oo} aguay, which you say you have do fended and samatnes through so long a time and with eo much interest in the world. You do not. sneceed in bette | the government of the republic by your exaggerated demands; aud you | muy moderate the ardor which produces them, aad refrein from the acts which make you dialiked jby the sors of the country. . Your strange conduct with Stivero,and the smal! degree of truth which you have employed in the statement of this mattér, remain proved. It was only neces! to boast of what you yourself have said, no lees than to the government of the republic, that opon your said brother relating to you tho event, you gave hima pistol telling him to shoot avy one who would be wanting in respect to him; | and ke has shown a disposition to do himself justice, | letting himself be secn armed in this city with a | six- barrelled pistol, regardless of the police regula- | tion probibiting that; and has in’ these days past carried & piato) to Mx. John Bo2kman for some re- aire. We will now proceed to sce whether you Rave been more particular in your vague, general charges, end as to your defending and sustaining the reputation of the republis for so many years ard with so much interest in the world. His Excellency prccecds to enumerate several trifling departures from official etiquette om the partof the Consul ‘‘ But,” says bis Exvellehcy, * gizce you have ehown that you do not kaow how to be reconciled with your own fellow citizeos ~—as is a pubsic and notorious fact—much could not be expected of you in the respect due to the em- ploy és of the'vepublic, or in the good feeling what should exist between foreigners and patives. Oa | this point I must be exoused for reminding you how ‘much public attention was directed on the great day of the 4th Jnty to the strange circumstance of your failing to be present on board the Ametican | warstcamer Waterwitch or fiting the hap, anniverssry of the independence of tho United | States, at which féfe the other foreign Consults as: | sisted, as wellias your brother and relative. You | bave muoh avored to disciedit the Paraguayan le with your va complaints and general ac. | Foaitions, ieee al tho Coat ed hostile to all A sach vondact , tends to ibe a whole ngion; but in this re- spect what I have already indi will suffice to enable ail to judge of yoar acts and words. In re- ference to the goed hospitality which@foreigners on- yy in Paraguay, I refer to their own testimony, you Ing the firet person that has offered such com. plains on your mere word. I am certain that ia given cases prompt justice will be afforded you d) the; olce and the authorities, which watch wit expecisl 6ixiety for trax quillliy and good order; and by your complying with the necessary conditions thereof ov your part, and causing your householi by observe wiih proper abiention the polioo awa ead | American citizens, to which | with my highest considera’ jovernment to de: ratifying the treaty of 4th fisreh, 1853 ; first, because you have taken the liber- | ty of aaying, in Buenos ie glen ago, to the min- later pleinpolentiery of republic beside: various Enropean conrta,that you would be very glad that the ment should not ratify the treaties celebrated fy Mr. Pendleton, and thet you regretted not being in the United States to impede it ; second, because you bave repeaiedly announced to the government. of the republic that the United States were not goin to ratify said treaty of 4th March, because ‘vited States government was offended that the vernment of this republic did not accredit said | juan minister to it. In that treaty, the ex- change of ratifications has been stipulated to take place in this city, which could not be a motive for the government of the United States to be offended. As tothe matter of Mr. Carisimo and the two ou have referred, reference does mot say much for the circ 5 this tion, ease. without foundation iu your general charges. You annoy yourself gratuitously, beosuse these two Ame- rican Citizens did not Laaten to the Consulate, it being a public and notorious thing—as I have ssid— that ycu have an Long to your fellow citizens. ‘When they were y me of the supreme de- cree by which His Excellency the President of the Republic directed the cause to be abandoned, the; were highly thsnkful to His Excellency, and asked me to present their best thanks to His Exoellenc x which I had the honor of doing. : LT omitted to say that the title which your Com- ry bears, of “ Navigation Company of the United tates,” remaina to be proved; and as to the ener- seid to be employed by it in developlug the idden wealth of Paraguay, I have seen nothing more than a segar factory,-in which speculation foreigners in Villarica are also engaged, with this difforence—that none of them have attempted the punishment by whipping or transportation of | ‘wor their n. His Excellency the Precident of the Republi> has decided the cause of Silvero, in condemning him to eee 300 strokes witha rcd, and by pub Hshing this order tothe troops of tho garrison. I believe that that will satisfy your reclamation, as. turing you that this correspondence will be pub- jished in the Semanerio, which you have cited as a perer published under the authority of the govern: ment, and whose colamns have all the authority of the decrees of the government, simply because the government dispositioce are published in it. Javuil myself of tho peasy to salute yon ton. osu Fatcon. lary be; corp: thou: The Troops of England, France, and Russia Compared. [From the London Times, Oct. 18.) Although we have now been for more than six months at war, itis only within the last few weeks that we bave found any oppertanity of testing the actual military capacities of the enemy, or of agcer- teining the valve of those improvements lately in- troduced into our own service. Both these points, questiona of much importance. We ourselves are ent into war after an interval of fc years, and our adversaries re- present a nation which has claimed and received extraordinary credit bot) for milita: and martial prowess, It is true that in sol- diers were occasionally spoken of with mett as half starved and spiritless serfs, whose phy- sisal weakness must necessarily disqualify them for vigorous action, and even a high militery authority among ourselves descri them as men to whom a British soldier would be deve to it ““ bread rather than the be: it.” Bat, on whole, the contrary opinion obtained the stourrency, and the Russian army was ex as 8 model of efii- ciency. Even if tte individual soldier was some- what stupid, it was said that his dogged obstinac: and blind courage red him formidable, whi the general oe of the army was described as leaving nothing to be desired. The staff atrange- ments were perfect, the cavalry exceeded in strength and quality that of any other nation, the artillery was admirable, and the whole system constantly revised in every particular according to the latest discoveries of science or experience. Now, with- out denying that we may yet have something more to learn of our enemy’s proweas, we think two or three conclusions can safely drawn from the eventsof the past month. ‘The Sperm eoldier is Cyd neither weak br famiehe yur cor! lent reported, apparent! with gome little Toe, that the men taken or left upon the field of battle were almost uniformly stron, and muscular, in the prime of youthfal life, well fe and Ca ney yes ed, td were “egy of any suc! ical incapacity'as was, perhaps, ¢x- pevted. vearibly the food desorbed as forming their daily rations might ecem indifferent to those who lived upon sound beef and pork, but it was clearly nutritious enough to keep the consumer in good working order. The equipment of the men ‘was good, serviceable, end devised wits a proper appreciation of a soldier’s real wants. very man has his warm trouse's, worn inside a pair of strong well- mace boote, while his onter cl consisted of a Jong, loose great coat, which might, we should think, prove rather cumbersome in any rapid evo- lations, but which cleady left eaay room tor the play of the muscles, Most of the arms taken were won eee their kind, an work: Mmapship e guns in particular exe’ general adiniration. Inone respect the most desirable ar- rangement bad been adopted: uniform of the officers was scarcely distir guisbable from that of the men, #0 that their lives were not expised to any ex- traordipary risk, Altogether, the vidual “Rus- sian soldier proved to be rather above the standard at which hoe had been rated. In respect, however, of the orgasization, manage- ment an efficiency of the army at iatge tho con- clusions suggested are of a different We look in vain for any peculiar excellence in those depart- ments which had been so mush praised, The artil- lery, indeed, was well served, but, as it had been placed in position beforeband, as the Foe had been carefully taken, and as the gunners todo Dut to load ard fire, no great credit can be assumed for the result, nor can su°h conduct he compared to that of our own aitillerymen under circamstances of | a far more arduous kind. The inefficiency of their cavalry appeared most remarkable, Although they | ounumbered us greatly in thie arm, they turned the | advantage to little or no purpose, nor did their on- | Merous squadrons venture upon a t:ial of strength even with our handful of troopera. We do not read, indeed, of a single erabre wound beieg infec! throughout the day. The only horsemen pry of reepectiuliy are tie Coseacks, who, in thei agi it y intelligence, irregular costume aud individual self: reliance, seem 1ike mounted Yankees, As to the ataff of the army, or the ability Giplayed in com: can only observe that wring, Wo sary Wrommetinn She Tassians appears like a every proceeding of blurder. On the other hand, we may truly say that all the reforms recently introduced into Brisish service have proved to be improvements indeed. Our soldiers figtt none the worse, and behave none the worre, for baving been with greater con- sideration. The discipline of the ar: better, although corporal punishmeat most abolished, and jt is plain ¢1 who have been encouraged fo attend ters, and treated lke reasor beings, can mareh tgsinat a battery with jost as mach fearlessness ag thoee trained ander the more brutalizing aystem of pest days, With regard to our acw firearms, the whi th monit; the was never a3 bees al- yh that men ly | ole od ye beesnare 5b ery P to Bell oshead a nation as the Meir fret atter; tt to obtain a locus rigat to dabble with them. The most ore: mane gemert was the success with w! ried off their guns; and Prince Menso nek dering whole, this first enccunter of the forces European powers, after so long an interval of peace, did not add anything to the reputation of that State ‘aud which hed advanced the greatect pretensioas to the knowledge of the | military excellence. Both the French and the Eng. you bave been occupied in belittling and dis lish displayed which attracted uviversal the Paragusyans, and you wish to make uso of your pation. The French surmounted obstacles of coveulate to further the commercial interests of the | ground with inconceivable alaority, sud ples company, and to give greater ¢ffect to ite cepitalem- | the enemy with an impetuosity which i loyed in the country, whilst the t bas | could resist. No movement could Bign pod have Re forced to psy from the national roarary 61,500 | been better planned, better executed, or more bril- to pey ite debts. You alone will know w! that | Hantly accomplisbed, than that Pai our brave macguion company is of the United States, as | allles turned left. British moved say; that which | kcow is that in it thia republic | up to the verreae of the guns with the steadi- ds notthe slightest share, and that the supreme | ness of a division on parade, and stormed batteries in your note of the 25th Joly, representing we cit; y as a mad-hoyse, and which, om the other | can hardly to doubt what the iseue must be side, you have had published in the Na- | when the troops of the Czar enosuater French and cionel of Buenos Ayres, and which are answered in | nglish coldiera in a tair field and without the pro- the Scmanario, do not suppor’ the sentiments which | tection of artificial defencee. you magnify in sustaining the reputation of tae repub- The furt! the Battle of the Alma, the march across the pro- montory, and the operations at Baklava, read with intereet even fixed on the walls of Nie and they will amuse, bat, besides icting impressions, cite another, and that narrative is, indeed, as strange and as full of inc: | dent ss the story of any war we ever read, however | vole: dreszed up by historians or novelists, But ‘there is one illusion which the columns before us utterly dis. pel. Of late years there has been a growing only difficulty w: be decided im be an affair of tactics, others be a question of rifles, and there hay | been wanting those who feared that in the univer- sa] ciffusion of science and manufactures the hardy habits of the less civilized nation might turn the scale against those bred in comparative comfort and resent, War ed, scientific, mechanical nations—between States that have imm debts, aud all the rest of it. And war turns out to be just the seme es ever—the same uncouth, disa- greeable, say since the malicious, wanton, and absolutely envious of hap) ness and ‘the most miseral scenes, the wildest situations, the most horrid masses of vaat and too hideous for these We knew that the e: be—we know what it do know the worst. Patting substantial success and the glory that attends copie only to the manner and circumstance of the ai ion and the fact! lectore! we may aay. as he buckled on his harness! Ay, bow pallid he returns from the fight ! 05 to sailors are falling by ing: rutable pest. rehearsals at Chol plegue of thirst. Then the very firat day of which baggag “and the rear is left behind. At last comes the battle, | tardy to those who had ex: age, confusion, feats of sands with thousan The este ‘ight of tri ep, after a n of triumph and horrid suffering, | the sun rises on thousands roenin a in worse Relansholy ing of the dead, and the ly and the slow cession of Tne wounded, borne ‘on , the-survivors, or the rude carts of the the distant shore. field, on the journey aon the ficating’ font Sonatina we un al T6CO, exemy certain .s00n to murtound’ bine have they galved "b ave the rapid aprenaien thet and the morning dew. ‘Thay enter villages, ond find desolation, for the Coseacks have been ‘them. What is sparcd they lay waste themeelves, as it were, in rivalry. Surprised sions, fornished with in a counter poe “ ‘eary and thirst and vio ‘The scene in which Ei themselves in the subarbs of this mirror we see what we should have to endure. to proceed, In this well Spo & Gay’s work of seventeen hours, ¥ i baie noe lost ym oe y @ portion of the army the fire of Sebastopol, and the commander in chief with his staff comes suddenly on a numerous Ras sian diviston, which, fancying and is ronted with slaughter and loss of Then the scene q or “mouvtain tarn’”’ of Balaklava, ships, got there no one knows how, de! dercus canron and mountains of shot. pursuing, indefatigable pest. It attacks new regi- ments, ard does not pauses ¢f the campaign. Has war changed its character ? cireumstance in these narratives that is not common to all wars, and, unfortunately, all 1 ovr youth, when wars had ceased through all the | wo)d, reappears with sad fidelity. It is imy to restyain the license of soldi the foe himself seta the example of deatru tion. Yet this last is unavoidable, for self-pressrvation ¢>m- pela a retreating army to leave a desert behind it. A desert it does leave. covered from the effects of the tl the armies that have passed not a geme, nor yet is it like the cheap and vengeat ce of t the many against the few. It by peat; and bappily for us, if war is in all un hanged, both ef officer and soldier, which have won for 90 many triumphs, Annexation of the Sandwich Islands, [From the London Morning Post, Oct. 20.] The acquisition of the Sandwich I | Me peas peg event of more im) ie the public o! country may eral pose. In de first piece, it shows that the ‘American govern: ews eign over places rot situate on the North tineat. This ‘ government is rothew. Some tem} to of the Belearié Islands, bavitg a port in the Medit American squadron could refit. 9 }, however, roperly thonght that lyr oe an the prudetoe and discretion ae Very recently it has Atwerloans hive been in tue small republic of Sam Marino, ag iH i a ed > a3 & Eg when once Tee had 4 a § niko ardoned for losing his carriage, consi- e paved his artillery. Pit, Saat the great Horrors of Modern ‘Warfare. From the London Times, Oct. 27.} that have reached us of be hose attention is details will these con- will ex- The wi these Beteto .. The if we mistake is a tort ae retarn—and even that that, should war mabernly was doubted—it would not visit us in the rude guise | under which it has ever been known to our ances- | tors. There was so much progreas and improve- ment in everything, in the science of war, in the comforts of the soldier, in all kinds of mechanical inventions, in the mutual courtes; irae cats BUM tty tec pe fought as cle and as smoothly as a game cheas, or a sham fight on Woolwich common. The of nations, and that people fancied battles would aa to see how war would future. Some thought it would that it would ve not speculations are of for the jpeared—war between civil- ense war establishments, national that it ever was | it is still socal le 8, the most perilous A men and quiet times, tion.to ‘been ao iar, if, indeed, we | aside fae sepehioe ot wage, inhuman thin; Deeinning of history. “1 ace; it still » What & difference between. the antici- Lecco mutatus ab illo | low splendid the warrior | low , how dus- further back, take the expedition as it ‘the coast of the Crimea. The soldiers and scores under the stroke of an 6 it suffers an a: e d it, isno it. ‘The | dang, tne coilision of | ds, the medley of the victors | vanquished, are those of ths old battles. | ig of the end. Ii okt an oody field. The | elf racked with fever, describes the | ro. | the shoulders of | lead of thirst, over the ag 1, to One by one they die | on the beach, in the boats, on | hospitals, They that escaped | g Fe d Ff Hi z 5 f Fe 5 Few comforts and little rest | their victory. They suffer in burning sun, the nightly chill SES elegance luxury, which ‘they bed heard ‘ sert, they admire and destroy. | they rush into gardens eyarcs, and devour till they itself surprised, flies, en to the a elem flocks bey, gt set ro i ut stat the | cease the work of death in the | There is not a | that we rend of | sible | ly when | | | | | | | » SPECI Germany has not yet 7 ee ae over the land. gices the wealthy g a work of risk, ie is certain about it, and thatisa of danger and hardship. The officer vate are alike ¢ ta the bullet E geag Z LE , 80 algo is that courage and 3 and on which, and on our i trestfully rely. cikeirpameiaghveisettaiarenep tame 2 cause, We Mey sti int, fo fal of the em; Washi ton, fa hatic warning | detormfned to obtain ox: sovereignty American con- on the part of the cee years a pain-one of the sumaller for the ostensible pr of terranean in which the from §, of her tereory 80 60 a locus sandh, and 6 4 wan defeated em stated that the for the parchase of vb ith a or even leases Faropcan politic, lief | ham / course, loser even cn the field of battle, without ration of | selves for their | baving land treo wk | Sweabcrg and Crorstads | tte King gained | they sa | reunited to theiz E asnexation | up(a and cou'd met lsad thea coon, * to ‘Gan Marino, whon Yankee | in Geccribingthorte Reni fonts, Bre sufficiently Sans gross pont rose from hie seat, his eurt- rumo:s have been | ing his sparkling bluceyes meking him content our- | leok ike the genius ‘of the Bwedish aed hs Sig dado thundered out in the northern munner per such wo'ds to the future ruler of the lead as the tg ee ich | Istter cam never forget, and which now doubly warm ter islands can never Kage Costemaliy, it fo Baghend’s aad France's affide to our great cir | then bare dove year, aad to render Swe nan | den’s adkorence Tals help is not to be times, Eng- | cepreciated. The importance of a coustry for a scoeded in | War increases in ratio to ite nearness to the seat of S kaseladge | (Bet Sari eee Cree. pore st they ee id D atime powers exactly they wi ent has been | rae es aaetel ond, Sas ye a whole commeres have sprung years Swe from could have been ex: | ciple bui f but few Ceck-anipe, and spent whet hemo world, In fact, | money she pve gL ig emma found to consti. | siders for her rocky oosats. She has number of ves- | now cauipred ovwy gun boat she cculd muster, the whaling | under the con’ pretext that she must be pre- trade; and American merchants and American mia- | pa'¢d to maintain ber neutrality. If the war eusuld sionasies have Jatterly exercised oo much in- | upforturately not be over this winter, it will ast be fluence over the native government, that | difficult for the naval powers, if better equipped Piet Big must consider the uisition of the | themselves and allied with Swedea, to conquer ‘ich lslande by the United ® most | FinJand back next - The reunion ef the lat- natural and convenient arran; ‘both parties | ter with Sweden w: all gain for the naturel —the king being pensioned off, and the group being — of the two pe ples; whereas her union with admitted into the American Union as sovereign | ia is too unnataral to permit of progress. We celine of tie oy, wane ty Fass | kc sncopenel tad a soy eee A 'rance | muc! ren , 00 wast, 4 to the United States; the Sandwich Islands are now | be ed Sweden as ® mere proviace, to be sold to the same bower, by the native govern- | Norway's example shows that two ae ment; and we must Congr the Americans may thrive well one regal sway, ee upon their honesty in psyicg s pecuniary considera- | that should Finland united to Sweden and Mor- Son, ween er eae easily have ft the pre- Ey Se oe Bneasiah ih et baka jean would another nation in reference as been faldilled. to Tabiti, and bave o| d them by the same some Repay Beodiction means. It Unicn? question reference to the geograpl lends, midsay between Japsn—countries which have recently attracted to much of the spirit and enterprise of the peo- Pp the United States. coveries made in the Eastern and Pacific Occans b: Quiros, Mendara, Tasman, le of tore, were completed b; rd the contin ant “f were taken possestion of by him on behalf of the British Crown. At the our role Australia and Sandwich Ielends, which most important militar: € Pacific amounted to three desirous of a:quiring a China and Japan, they b: communication rich in-native the Pacific snd ordinary facilities for the e: munication. This e: ducts, wich Telan: stance auspicicus to the by affording means for 6 islands, which have recently for th to the intercourse of the stranger through the en- sexprise and public spit of the American govern- ment. The Politics of the Baltic. ‘The Cologne Gazette, speaking on the maritime , Bays inter alia :— ‘The English ministry, a ve: Powers and Sweden, cage, wishes to deprive war and throw as few obstacles of commerce. were complete! instance, woul with ters in their humanity went the blocke ,0C! (oe of car, d } humare views thst influenced the ministers of Engiard, and do rot, like so sovs, fee any sign in this on the wir reluctantly. But still this cartied out too far, humanity may be serfoug an affair to be transacted in #0 ridicnlous a mapner,as at Odessa for wege war for? Why to plagues and inflictions, sufter. by th suffer je suEpeDi "But then t en other side. A due conside: add another reason for not if war actually does break carried on, ‘The Baltic fl€et has this year not accom its true mission, but we whote fault, Be #0, it ig encu, are re having too o: omg that fact to the sll, she lighthouse, looked at gless, saw nothing bat shoulders, end osied out‘ aa = Fe tte ve! that at appeared impose! on} sible but eary; Datel im the invulnerabili said to be the most im by the Baltic ficet for this year. Meanwhile the! inaction pocdind the aliled powers Iand that Lard Aberdcen's earnest with the war a, ernment can hardly shi hitherto. Kin; formed and is im , and hia men‘ any time very strong. He the policy of looking to Russia’s friendship as the main stay of his new throne. A long wended blessing for the subjects, cause the monarch im this case need only atady- exclusively the welfare of the | John, a deep, crafty Frenchman, paid this order is most powerfal d shy as t his own ends a price for them it is trae. pei mitted to meddle with their knight! rincely house is hence a the nobilit in Bwecen? an to tor touch the entangled of reform. This it is that and the cumbrous Diet as rndering s!l government ticable. uch a political is Russia, which once om a a time pro) the vicious Polish constitution so considerat: same manner; the B reiges pe of the Swedish nobility are naturally as to con- | secvative Rassias, as the liberti:s of the Polieh nobles once were. The erous in Sweden, are mong the nobles. Kt BPSee 8 is not at all de is notin a should speak of ancient Rome to the dust. of defending Sweden here! ter, and heard fro amongst ot m, such hel; ber Swedes, through its manly pride feady 0. shed its blood ‘al Fipvish brothers, but is not ready to contributions for keeping up & neuti Ro assets. King Orcar wil more daugorous fora new roler, especially when born bn allen, than to sunder Diecelt from the minds ard beats of bis people. He is not unwaraed. When he returned ‘years Petersburg, where ho bad may be asked, if the United States have long exercised paramount influence in the Sandwich Islands, why ahould the ceremony of an annexation be goue through, and anew State be This can only be answered by a jew Zealand, and the bene- le aries to almort ‘sland, bat either to retain in our own ry and ars ago the British trade in millions: can trade is much more considerable, aud Pacific is nowtraversed by an immense American whaling vestels, git about twenty thourand men. if = ave only to sta between California and tries, making the Sandwich Islands their tral station. The multitudes ot groups ern coeans, xtension readily and more conveniently b: even by En; a by the United States should that result, we should*regard vast natural resources not on), but of the empire of Ja ee reflected, that if Rusaia blockaded, England-herself, for be irjared, since she, can hard! many Ruseian products. de of the White Sea s for this year should be ended. We have eye Russia, txcting in reais Halen not gctip; & con , when “f spare Russia these “Iniictions ? ertevtly correct that the belligerent powers sion of all “ inter- inion i gor blamed for not listening the proposals of the naval | in Sweden is usanimously in in | Russia,in order to recover Finland;s0 sha But the King cannot resolve on sactificing the friend: of Russia, s0 studiously imable mas “bat Be external buttress to prop up principally to be found is from the ranke of this arty that such placid and stateemianlike leaders sent over to Germany with a demonstration every one of them, that the recovery of Pir- able for Sweaen. 4 jate to to country, Ei », Bai maner.ce of the union. | with the whole of Europe, these Swedish ve Sweden is no lopger capable vegheen on doom | | helding her own. is how end of course more atatermanlike, to send water ignation The Crown Prince stands at the head of a national policy, for which all brave and true Swedish hearts will fight. The peasant order, that can vie with the added to the ‘The great dis- and, other foreign navi: Captain Cook; and most in both those nt time we have under have sent mission- we havo made no of the they can naval the ; but the of xtepaion of can be Ameri juisition of the it as a commerce of the the develo} of — a e fe first time been opened humane one in every of all useless annoyance, as possible in the way Tee mie 80° far as not to enforce until the shipment ition of the many distrastful per- conduct that they care instance. What do they by ite ot Ss, commer cannot be made a loss on the this can only war at it war do not it true test may be iced the fleeta in the Baltic alliance of Sweden. rally diffused in Eng- ministry was not Rassia, the Swedish t advantage o! eae Pablic opinion vor of a war ‘lost. cultivated him tle minded, well in- his bodily strength powers were never at erited from his father country. ‘Charles court to helr order was at first, at last, though he had a was not vileges, itution the hand both the royal power erloes as ever, thereby den nearly imprac- of Russia, not at all na- keep Pinlead. They 1e} if and was wide Baty even if allied nobles low, then, Would it not be bet- ights and nobles, d its wealth in cattle, is epend its wealth for ita y any mors ity is see that there is nothing 0 from # visit to St. attentions showered The soni de fa Religion, (Pais). of, Oceaber 19 1c Si dela igion, (Paris, gaye:—The Cao ear ¢ at , beth pt ey which is about at Reme. ps are proceed! o! the earth towards the mal Cit of tke vitible chief of the Charch. H.E. the Cardinal Gousset hes Rowe, and hea taken the of Bishop of Mc ns bas arrived ya the Holy City, a d ia to leave in week. ordinal Arch’ arrived in Paris. Several Irish Catholic and among them the Archbis! of Arm: Dublin, are also at present in Paris, and on their way for Rome. Ir is the only Catholic coun- try in the world from which more than two prelates have been invited by nome. But we learn from Tome that a great number of bishops and that the presence of other cfficially invited will be seen wit Dish p be accompiish- from all parte at the voice ‘rom lates 8; who tee Paris and the Bishops of Marseilles wad Agen, tion was #8 follows:. jovernment of Warsaw, 1,632,320 inbabitan |, 912,384; of Lablin, 1,027,481; of Plock, oe of Ai , 630,351. The city of Warraw 157,871 ants. The kingdom of Poland was visited by an outbreak of cholera in 1852. The returns gave 103,527 cases (throvghout the kingdom); of which 48, d il, The of Warsaw mortal nt Bad's 261 cases, of which 30.282 were mortal. The returns, however, were so imperfect that, it is stated in the compte rendu, the number of cases was preba- bly dcuble what appears from the ac. counts. The Legend ge in the rendu show the following ite :—Toe k courts bad, in 1852, an arrear of 17,702 casea to deal witb. The arrear left at the end of the year was 19,707. During the year 49,643 cases were disposed of in the police courts; 10,680 ia the criminal courts; 2,670 in the courts of al. The tenth of the directing senate disposed of 218 onsen. ‘The number of convictions was 63,019. The claasifica- tion of offences is as fellowa:— Offences agaiast reli- \ce,) 298; the civil government, Seed eels servante, 777; against the rr Soy pe npsiigr iV bec the and revenues i the status, 56; » OF scant the laws r} the life, health, liber honor of private 29 418, ery of for ‘were 2, 748 m nts, 21,529 —— f peasants. With recpect Legian 2 of the condemned iperior Te of ad received a su udation, 13,896 could ead and write, 71,910 were illiterate. The Reciprocity Treaty. [From the Montreal Herald, Nov. On Wedneaday morning we pablished, ed upon and for oxy m fend SE. Sesto bet an ei Glecalat In qogetion: 6 $8 time we were peuning Oct, 6th, I find the following: “The prospect of the Reciprocity Treaty taking effect in January, should stimulate shipments from this autnmn, as all Canadian produce in bond at the as eee Balt takes effect wili have all the advantages of e Treaty.” ‘ As the supestiey ‘whether the above statement be wold founded is of importance to shippers of produce, for- warders and others cOunected with the trade of Tbeg you will favor me with a reply to it:—that ia to say, will the produce of Canada now in bond in the United States, or which may, hereafter, be imported and entered in bond for warehousing, be admitted to entry for consumption in the United States, free of duty, efter the treaty ehall have come futo operation ? At the same time, I should feel greatly obliged by such. explanation as you may deem proper to give of the bene- fits to importers of colonial fish, which were contemplated by your department, by issuing iustractions to collec- tore; dated 16th inat.5 snd wheter such benefits were lesigned to extend to fish of Canadian taking, or through Canadact have ken WILLA COOPER Hon, Jans Goruem, Sécy.-Treasury, Washington. Treascny Dreantuest, October 27, 1854. Sim—I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 204 inst., and in reply, to state that the ued of the British North American Colonies, imported and entered in bond before the Reciprocity Treaty goes into effect, cannot, after said treaty shall have gone into operation, be withdrawn for consumption without the payment of duties thereon, unless Congress shall, by future legislation on the subject, authoriza it. Thave further to statd, in reply; that the instructions of the 16th inst., to collectors of customs, applies only to fish the product of the British North American Oole- nies, and was intended to furnish parties entering sudh fish with certain and competent evidence of the payment of the duties thereon, in order to enable them to obtain with facility a return of such duties, in caso Co by further legislation on tho subject, authorizes such return, Very reapectfully. P. J, WASHINGTON, Acting Secretary of the Treasury. Wx. Coore, Esq., Rouse’s Point, N. ¥. It would appear, then, that, as we supposed, Mz. Perley, of New Brunswick, succeeded A obt: from the United States nt the precise ar- rangement in favor of constituents, which Mr. Drommond failed in agian ie his. There be no reason for doubting that Congress will sustain the action of the execative, and authorize the return. of the ¢uties , 80 B00R as the cestions in favor of Canadian products exported te toe pa taeeetens nae y Ly coming int ion. as Mr. a for thoee of New Brunswick. In reatyt bad Canada by Why, in mond (whe tance of all matters cspnected with merce) despatched any Cayley, it is true, was at the ‘his reelection for Huron; and, or Morin, or Taché would provement upon Mr. Drummond. ever, it is not even now toa late to rectified. H TL ~ i fll Maryiaxp Coan Teape—Durip; Saturday, the th of October, 8,007.16 , parsed over the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company's Railroad, and 9,420 tons over the Mt, Savage Cons Railroad, making an te from the Frostburg re- gicn for tho week, of 14,487.1 382,845.13 tons. ifgondy and 81.15 wile an |}. over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. ernport region for the week 4,008. fearon 158,558.08; total from’ the whole coal region, 18,586.01 tons for the week, and since the Ist of Janaary last 626,448.28 tone, of which 110,807.16 tons wore trans- ried to market over tho Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, ta 126,626.03 tons ane the Chesapeake and Obla canal —Cuniteriand Miners’ Journal, Nov. 2. 5 i Au Tux Gevrray Asseusiy or Ruovs Tsnana— This Lody clored ita labors at Kaat Greonwich yesterday afternoon, an: adjourned to tho third Monday ‘in Janua- ry, when it will moet in this city “for the deapatoh of Dubiness.’” ‘Tho four days sossion at East Greenwich hae Leen # Wury one, and several important sota bave been passed, mywily under a suspensiva of the rulog- Prove, Pence Dt, Nov. 4,