The New York Herald Newspaper, August 27, 1854, Page 2

‘The Russian War-Opinicns'in France, [From the Paris Pays, August 9.) Buch asthe Rustisos ere seca ia the fatal oam- paign of 1812, sucn are they now again foaad, sab mitting in sileace to tee hulenges whi h are every day given them by our squacrvas aad our ariies, pn fh arth whou it eculd be impossible for aay to restrain the ardor and the ind geant of the French soldivrs. Is it therefore no thing to bave once wore anveiled that inatructi aspe t of the Russian cisraccer, 80 audacious au ive ust the weak, aod so fesbl+ aad tim) before those *ho are strong enough to make n tanoe? Is it nothing \o haveseea Rassia kept iacieck, cefeated, and bum'lated tor more thin a year by Turkey, by those hesoic soldiers to whom is was al- most refused to give the name of an army, aud by tant pateiotic natioa to whom it was almost refused to give the name ot a people? For tae last year all the genetals of the Cza: hive exhausted tuemavlvos in maintaining their position ia ths Daanbisa pr- vinoes, which were invaded in defiance of ali liws, human and divine; they dave not been able wo take any of the tious defended by the Turks, andtaey miserably dat Kalafat, Suistria, Giurgeve, i the Dobrudscba, aud, in fact, on every poiat where @ struggle took place. It is aothing we re peat, to have seen disappear suddealy tie prestige of w force shin before sarroanded the empire ; to have shown by st:iking the poverty and disease of a no; versed Racy tb oppresced with rege! poverty and oiseas~; iadustry aad intelligence, fi vored by a wiiderrule on the pact of tie Turks, have improved the vonntry fa a sanitary and social 4a well as ip amagricaitaral sense; and what bas; been done io Balzarla way be doue else were. | The resour es of Turkey, both in Hucop? and ia | Asia, are cenfesssdly enormous; the yarivus races | usder the Sultan's sway are not without enerzy | and ,incust-y. Under the ue iastiutivas—above | al, uoder the rew spirit ia which the gove ent | is conducted. y p"commerce which already | existe with Turkey cannot fail to in rease. Nor must it be said that for these improvemeats we rely | upon the lazy Turks. We rely upon noshing of the sort. The Tark- do not seem lik-ly ever tu arrive atitnat perfe tion ia the practical management of afluirs, ; litical and commercial, which distaguishes the western natiows, Butwhst the turks do seem | d river tra- likely to understand and practice is the minigum | of interference wit) the subject races, consisteat with order, in the developement of the resources of the country. Turkey may be said to bea country of castes, where,reugbly speakivg, the dominant rave re- serves to itself he ili: ary power, aud where another race tills the eoil, while @ third transacte the com- merce. Freed from Russian intrigues and aggressions, impregnated with European ideas, conceded a facts the weakpess of that great pe which pre tended to protect and save Europe, and wuich could not gain possession of the smualiest fort ageiast the tro: of Omer Pacha? The moral abasement of Rusia has, ia & political and material poict ot view, an importance wiich no one can deny. The whole of Burope now knows that the conditions of its balance of poe ana the geen” of its security do not lie in the north. It has lost that favorable opinion towards the Czar waich for many years has in a manner given up the great modern Seates to Murcovite influence. dvery one now that the true pivot of social order is anywhere bat at St. Petersburg, and that the fundamental prin- ciples of progress and of tue safety ef nations must not be sought for in that ambitious power to waich ali meane are good, and which, bold in violating right, is powerless to protect herself. This first re- gult bas preduced anvthrr quite as considerable. Jucapable of advanctng, and uiarmed at the struggle which ie preparing against her, Rasdia has fled at the approach of the allies of the Ostomea empire, and bas been compelled to confine herasif to a :6 treating defensive, which, uoder maay orcum- stances, may be called a defsut. Itmay be now affirmed that the Ottoman termtory no longer raus avy denger, and thst its complete evacuation by the armice which bave invaded 1 ia no longer anything but » question of days. The fears wrich exis ed only afew months since are now far removed. ‘Tien ever: one trembled in expectation of sering tha Tarkis! army driven back on the mgh+ bank of the Danube, and flying in disorder on Adrianople, and perhaps be yond it, Searcely did aay one dare to entertain a that the allied forces could defend the Balkans, and many serious m'nds contined their hopes to the ides of protecting Constantinople. Now, not only is the capital of Turkey nomenaced, not only are Adrianople and Shumia secure from attack, but the Russians have already eva usted Wallachia, and the moment is not far distant wren Moldavia in its turn, will be delivered, and the troops of the Czar driven back beyoad the Pruth. {[t must not be forgotten that the origina: object of the Anglo-Freuch expe- dition was essentially to guarantee the integcty of Turkey, and to free ber territory from foreign in- vasion. This obje e do not hesitate to affirm, has been at preseat attain+d; aud when Austria, ac- cording to the terms of her t eaty with the Porte, shall enter the Principalities, she will no longer pave to expel the Russians trem them. They wili have fled before the heroism of the Tarks, aad un- der the terror inspired by the uaited flags of France and Engiend. And ia not even this atritude of Aus ¢.ia and of Germany an attitude evidently due tothe wisdom, the moderation, and the good faith of tha place io the Ear: » Turkey, the aggre- opean system, et Lo countries under that name, bids fair to take | 8 , &t least sufficiently far to warrant ‘the loan of a few millions on the strength of her vast resources. Time and events will show the Turks thas they must concede some shure of the power and a share of liberty to the subject races; and as the country, with regerd to ag:iculture and com- merce, may be deemed to 8 Virgin soil, there ig no reason why it should not make some approxi- mation to the prodactiveness which in past ages | mate it the seat of empire. Under these ciroamstances we cannot think that the demand made by the Turkish government upon the capitalists of Europe is un varranted by facts. The gentlemen who frequent the Stock Exchange are not wanting in sympathies for patriotism and pational independence ; and if to the above coasi- derations in favor of the loan they add this—th:t it may be bese as efficient aid to Turkey in the war which, with France, England, and Austria at her back, she is waging with Russia—they may find in that an inducement not presented by every demand ‘or a loan which is addressed to them. (From the London Times, Aug 11.) The result of the new negotiations for a Tarkish loan will be wa:ched with interest. Former ciroam stances have damaged its prea ecta, but more from the confused impressions they have left, than from any clear perception of their precise nature, The: however, should be understood. Itwas aeeny three | years back—namely, on the 31st of October, 1851— | that Turkey first attempted to become a borrower. For some years the currency of the country had ex- perienced depreciation, and, to restore it, the Bank of Constantino, le was authorized by the Ministry to contrat loan of £2,000,000. | ‘The terms ar- | mange at London and Paris were for a six per ceat | stock at par, guaranteed by the government, and to be reimbursed in tweuty three years at £120. Con- sols at that time were at 100, and the reliance upon the honor of Tukey was such tha; the scrip of the new bonds, in the course of a few weeks, advanced to 11} premium, with the prospect of a farther rise. Rumors, bowever, became prevalent that ths terms were considered too cnerous at Constantino- + le, and that they would be disavowed on the ground that the Turkish Plenipotentiary at Paris had ex- ceeded bis authority, and that the scrip had been iseued without the fioal warrant of an imperial fir- man. For some months the question remained in abeyance, but it was eventually settled by a return of their money to the ecripholders, with a bonus of about 3 percent. After this, no further peognaets \ were beard of until December last, when Namik Pasba visited Paris and London, and arranged the Western Powers also a great result? Isit notavery considerable thing to nave brought the Court of Vienna to sever the bonds which united it to Russia, | and to take in its turn the energetic defence of | Europeen right, to combine its forces with ours to combst & common enemy, and tosign with the Sultan a treaty of allian’e which isa guarentes for its cooperation and for ite armed intervention ? Let this general stste of affiirs, tre fruit of the po- licy of the Western Powers, ba looked at cooil and dispsssionately; to us its importaace material- ly and moraily appears immense. The enemy which was to be attained and track has already undergone all kinds cf humiliations and all manner of checks most caloulsted to wound ite amour propre and weaken its power. Russia has no longer in Burcpe a single partisan or a single ally. Those who attempt useless efforts in her favor only | seek to lessen her defeat and obtaia for her less | hard final conditions, but do not take part with her | and range ttemselves on her side. All the diplo matic skul cf the agents aud misisters of the Czar has failec before the good seuss aad the indignation of the whole of Europe, and the personal prestige which surrounded the Emperor Nicholas is singu- larly weakened in the opinion of governments, of nations, ond of bis cwn subjects. Tae internal de- Teots of Russian organization, the weakaess of he: armies, and the vanity of tnat Power, the credit | of which mainly consisted ia the mystery of iss | nce, have been brought to licht in such # manner as to bring into disrepute that poli- cy to which the appearance of force was indls pensable in order to realize tre projects of universal domination. The commer e of Rassia ix an- nibilated, her vearels no longer dae venture out of ber | fortified ports, and her flag is degraded in the eyes | of the whole world. Are not these immense results, which are only due to the attitude we assumed and to our first intervention on the theatre of war Doubtleas tt ere have been no grand victories gained, Yypoands of mex alain,:annon takea from the enemy, and m.” flags suspended as trophies ucder the dome of the [0¥alides; bat is it only by the eaagain- disasters om *7@t that the object of it may be at- 1 Certaialy not ‘The time which has has not been loat either as ict *rds the weakening of tLe enemy opposed to us or the mute usefal work of future » Those nee must bs ee blind or who will assert the contrary. Doal leas eve wing is far from having been accomplish- ed; enterprises are in preparation, and serious ev are on the eve of — produced, but the importance of the results which we have yet to ob- tain must mot make us forget those which have been already gained. The press and public wens » pare tioularly im England, where every one oie mice for a great naval victory, are eagerly ing for decisive action, and are irritated at delays which, after all, are wise ; bu’ everything has its time, an every work its proper season. The injury which has bee already inflicted on Russis is immense; reme of nations, and wiose avenging justice i mane later reach the guilty. The Turkish Loan In England. From the London Globe, Aug. 11.) ish government having once more en- the mosey market for a loan, it may be use- to reconsider its position as a borrower; how far pees eh have affected its credit, and far int ilities of the fature will justity ‘the public. it monetary aid. } It is undoubtedly bins that the babe terminated in 1860 in a quasi rep' ion of terms of the loan after the scrip had reavhed 11} premium, on the ground that the Turkish Minister at Paris bed exceeded his authority, lett some | stigma on the hitherto unimpeachable honesty of Turkey. It will be remembered that, instead of iS ling the barguin by paywg its full valae to the soripholders, the Turki-h government iaja- diciously compromised the matter by returning the money subscribed, with a bonus of only tree per cent. Nobod jone the fact, as alleged by the high- ext Torkzh sutbort , that the firman necessary to the validity of the joan had not been issued; but still it was justly felt that the Turkish government Ought to have visited the Remsen oiee of suthority upon the ents itemployed, and not a the persous who had purchased scrip fad | with the sanction of the French government, and | many Cetails of a loan of £2,200,000, one-half of which was to have been subscribed by the Orédet Mobilier the other half in London. To the astonishment of every one, however, the peop firman appeared again in this case to be wanting, and the negotia- { tions were broken off. Finally, on the 23d of March Jast, little more than four months ago, Meaars. Rothschild ansounced the completion of terms com- prising a loan of £2,200,000 in a six per cent stock at 85, redeemable in fitteen years. Consols at that time were at 89}, snd on the fol- lowing morning hasty quotations of the scrip were Made at 3 premium. It soon, however, declined to 1 to2 premium, and the declarati n of war, which appeaied five days afterwards, having sent consols in @ panic_down to 854, the public withdrew from subscribing, and the affair was not carried further. It is by the light of these circumstances that the Proposals now about tv be put forth must be con: sidered. Theyinvolve two points: First, the ex- tent of diecredit inflicted by the disavowal of the original contract in 1861; and next, the present position of Turkey, as regards her ability to fulfil any engagement ahe may contract, compared to what it was st that period. In respect to the firat aeighborbood of Sonjak, Patios The Rissian forte miilar that a description ef ove to nearly all. Thev ere dotted const, at intervals of about t-n miles, are asuaily peur the mouths of small mounseia rivers, 80 as t» command the valleys through watch these streams fird their way to nea. eae little rivers are rarely navigable even for small boats. The e is genesally a bar over which a sbip’s gig can some. tumes be piloted in very flue weather, but even they the pent up water will hardly float ber for more than @ huedsed yards. The intervening couutry ly consists of very ragged hills, matted with imeval forest, impenet-able from the sea. The forts are generally admirably coustructed of hewn stove, a soft saucetone brought from Kert:h. As the Circassians bave no canuon, a height on usual in modern torts bas judiciousiy been given to the walls, 30 a8 to guid against escalade. They are usually square, loopholed for musketry along the rides, and with towers at the angles, mountet with four or five large traversing brass aud iron | guys. A mortar or twa iu the centre completed the | armament, The garrison, from 500 to 1,000 strong, © cupied wooden barracks in the interior, where | also there was occasionally a small church. On | the outside a strong stockade enclosed a few out houses, &>., and protected a fruit and vegetable garden adjoining. The natives universally assert | that the ians were strictly shut up in these militery prisons, and that whenever the wants of a | few unfortapate horses or cattle (their fellow pris- ounre) obliged: them to venture balf a mile from the | fort search of fodoer, they sallied out in battle with field guns and fixed bayonets. As the gun cruising between the forts, | of course they dictated to the coasting trade, an held the whole coast in s grasp of iron. Custem houses at Souchum-Keleh and other points levied rapacious duties on all i . The | Trebizond Turks appear to have been the greatest romoters of barter, and its ee oiviliza- ion. All wlong the coast you find a apriakliag of these Turks, who have the Circassian aress, lopguage, and uative wife. These seviers form the sole shopkeepers and traders. At present, now that the custom house robber has abscouded, one or two large Trebizond trading boats, with gay red flegs, may be seen hauled up out of the reach of the surf, rear each of the forta. Natives bestridiag wild locking ponies, soon assemble, and toss on ths ground compact goateakin packages of corn. Their tall sheepskin cops, loug becartridged tunics, slung rifles, kept«in shaggy goatskin covers, with one ‘arge bright pistol stuck through the girdle in the hollow the back, strikingly contrast with tho gaudy shabby .ot'ons waich form the Turkish sailor’a scanty dress. ‘The party squats down, the Turk fills and empties & wocden measure of salt, then hands it over to the Circassian, who fills the same measure twice with | corn. Such is the ‘simple barter, which is, I believe, much on the increase since the flight of the Rus- sians. Mouey is almost unknown, and is nese: useless on the coast; salt and common white calico (universally called Americaine) are its representa- tives. Asto that extraordinary practice, the sale of damsels, it undoubtedly is common, and has loog been so. The Russians are accused of conniving at | the trace; but on this point I cannot speak posi- | tively. The lowest price appeara to be £100; for a | very first rate article you must pay £400. Now, a purchaser able to pay such high prices must be a man of substance and station; consequently the beauty gains what I am told they do not object to | array, eleew! oe boston and luxury. True, the future huebard and wife are total strangers to each other; in civilized life mutual bypocrisy before marriage often sccures the same result. Adventurous English | mammas sometimes send outa batch of daugaters | to India. The principle is much the same; but the | Circassians have these advantages—tne girl ex- | changes barbarism and poverty for comparative ci- | vilization and comfort, and the weeping mamms is | cousoled for the loss of her darling by solid caso. To return to the forts. A few poplar trees, a stray rose bust, or @ gaunt cat, are the only living | things which meet your sight on entering | them; all else isiuin and utter desolation. A few | charred stumps mark the site of what were once | barracks; # confused heap of cut stoue, half buried | guns, and iron gun carriage wheels mark what was | Tre wreck of property, amounting to hundreds of | thousand of pounds, fills the mind with amaze. | Tons upon tons of grapeshot, shells, &c., are strewn about in Lee profusion; in all directions they pave the ground and embarrass one’s steps. That huge military quack, the Ozer, seemsto have but one nostrum for all. human affuirs—grape- shot and shells. For twenty years he has been | striving to make friends with, to eubdue, to civilize, | te convert these obstinate mountaineers with graps- shot. Want of succesa never induces him to try some milder plan; no, grapeshot for ever; and ifhe | gveson for fifty years more with grapeshot, he will | toil, Moat of the chiefs with whom I have made | acquaintance have been wounded. Though thee forts are not very strong to vards | the sea, it would have coat the allies much tims, lt, and money to have taken them. They were of ap, there ig no question as to the correctness of ‘er assertion that it was issued prematurely, so far &s concerns the absence of the firman which wis necessary to its ultimate validity. But the charge sgainet her was, that, although the contractors might have been, to some extent, want: ing in vigilance, they committed no error, except a3 they were misled by all the digh functionaries of t ¢ Sultan; and, moreoaer, that no notice was given to them of any irreguiarity until the loan had been eke in the market at a |: premium, and part of the proceeds had absolutely been received b: the Turkish government, and applied to the exi- ncies of the State. The hour for cancelling the gain on any other terms than that of paying ite full value to the holders—namely, 11 per cent pre- mium—bad, therefore, passed, and it was contended ‘by those who most sincere]: desired to see Tarkey sustain, at any cost, her traditional honor, that nothing short of this would satiafy the requirements of the case. Instead of 11 per cent premium, how- ever, she limited herself to the payment of 3 per cent, returning, at the same time, principle and interest in fall. To the extent of that allowance the English public were clear gainers by the transaction, although individual holders who had ased at the higest quotation sustained severe loss. This, however, is no justification, any more than if a man who bad sold coneols to an agent at 90 | were to deny the power of that agent, and to refuse to deliver them efter they had tor some time risen to 94, offering one per cent in settlement of the speculaticn. But it must be remembered that the }, even under any aspect, is not that Tarkey dishonored a1 direct and legal debt, but that eho failed at & m}- ment of great tnterpal perplexit® to actupts the high- est constncticn of a novel and peouliar question of fincacial equity. ‘The disa\ of the loan is well known to have been the Work of the reactionary party who soon afterwards came tempo into office, and who had evidently acted under the de- moral influences ot Russian int » It is also known that in the absence of Btratford the Porte received even English advice, to the effect etep it was all that could be required, while there were portions of the press in this country who were likewise disposed to consider that the Stock Exchange were attempting an exaction, That thoee were the real friends of Tarkey, who jinted out the stern conditions she owed, has since ma fully proved, the result of her imperfect course, by which she saved a few thousand da, having irflicted more damage on her c it than Rasaia bas ever sustained from her daring contisca- tion of a large portion of the debt on her paper cur- rency. It is one thing, however, to look at the qvestion in an abstract form, and another to test it by comparison. All that can be said of Turkey is, that in this instance she was untrue to her own re- putation. Compered with what might have been expected, under similar circumstances, from most ot er foreign countries, the transa:tion is one that will stend high. Mjsiesippi, Michigan, Florida, and Arkansas, four of the most thriving States of the American Union, dispute the technical form in which their loans were contracted, and, instead of en suffered to be some time in the market, and premium. But we must not aite a juvenile in the money market; and it would bode Fg A inex, that [tere ge oy ti appro- mintoly upon ‘ened offende:s. She, no doubt, that it would have been far beter have atoned for the errors of her i ? discussing nice points as to the terms on which they fay c 45 their bargains, retain both principal and Test. With this glance at the moral ta of her case, it only reemeloa to consider the change a the politi- cal proapects of Tu: , since the when her soouritits were looked Gon a9 worth s premium of 11 per cent. At that moment the Emperor of Ras- sia was not alone in qomarding her as a dying tient. She is now victorious in the field, and, at fSetatioes unea whlch csi cee + ions upon wi alone regeneration was fered to depend. It has been anown also that my ; earned leéch strolling about with me, overhauled course abandoned from the impossibility of feeding the garrisons now that the sea is not theirs; bat they were scrambied out of them with strange pre- cipitation, notwithstanding the account of the com- plete removal of stores in the St. Peiersburg official account. At Souchum:Kaleh, the largest and most mportant of them. nearly everything was left. It is a charming place at thia season, with very good Louses anda lovely botanic garden. They must have left it with great regret. One strolls in and out of the silent hovees, guessing at the tions and characters of their late inmates by the books, farviture, &c., atrewed on all sides with a fecling akin to what one experiences at,;Pompeti. A deverted school especially attracted me. What 8 world of infant labor, infant misery, aud infant | happiness was recorded by the broken playthings, heartbreaking sums, and rudimentary copybooks— all trampled under foot in hopeless ouhiaton! A boy’s manuscript map exhibited Russia, Georgia, Syria, Turkey, Greece, &c., all under one view. Is Russian youth taught to consider these as formi one country? The military baker's black bre: still loaded the shelves of the bakery, and no | hungry Abassian had been tempted to appropriate the unpalatable-looking loaves. Mountains of flour were rotting all around, and the half-kneaded dough on the dreseer, and the capsized cask of yeast tol their tale of labor abruptly atopped. On the top of the hill, orerangins, the town, there is a spacious and noble pital, well defended with cannon towards the mountains, Here, as elsewhere, there is an amazing wreck of rone:ty “and destruction of acta p Bi A gn abandoned book of hospital cases; by far the majority were cases of scurvy. Evidently these un- fortunate slaves were rotting uuder the combined influence of bad food and an indifferent climate. The Circassians rarely sold any stoxk, but when they did they always extorted twenty dollars for a rebaniy only sllded ‘cagegh rogetatie forthe only y! enough veget for tl Pcers,. ‘80 the poor devil of a soldier was left to rot in scurvy upon black bread, with a rare fragment, rhaps, of salt meat. As for the native chieftians, ey are fellowa—tall, magnificently dressed, and fine featured; itis impossible to view them as savages. Amt them the Natb (Enim Bey), Schamyl’s lieutenant cr representative, is the most and the most thoughtful. His will seems law a‘ong the whole coast from Soujak to the Anakria river. Within those limits all along the coast all are Mahomedans, and during the nine or ten years of his residence among the Western Caucasians (being 8 native of Schamyi's, or the eastern country, Da- ghostan), he has built mosques, created schools, and, in short, excited a revival of religion & la Wesley. “Before be came we were beasts,” saida cbief to me lately, ‘‘and now if he were to order us to march into the sea we should go without ques- tion.” Their hostility to Russia is inveterate and intelligible; but they know well how unfit ttey are ~ cope with the Russians ont of their own moun- ains, and the Russians equally well know them. Neveriheless, 1 hope that they will not be alto- ether uselese. The Naib is di ied and stately; ¢ Moves with an escort of wild mountainser horse- men, preceded by a red and buff banner; his white Crrcassian tunic, yellow vest, black caitridge cases, tall gray pskin cap, admirably set off his dark, strongly marked face. In conversation you at once find him a very superior man, clear in’ his views, thoroughly knowing his own position and that of his countrymen. Ouce & corner tower. Oue, perhaps, remains entire. | mu | returning e All the natives of the coast from Sujak to Ana- kria ere bitter against the Russians, with the ex- ception of one or two ghieftains, who have received money and honors from them ; but these are iso- late 1 cases, and they have had no influence on the people. ‘The principal chief in Aueais, Hamid Boy, was made 4 eral and a prince (Prince Miche! by the Roiass. He received a handsome ftipend anda share in the Custom’s ro! He has two large houses—one near Bombori and another not far from Satis aes notwithsianding that he owns of country and is feudal lord of a he was unable to save Fontes = Tbough I bave recently bave seen Selim Pseha's ive apy accarate ides of the £ is that he ios eleven gune, ° maneged to ‘etire without grea! or very ges! covfuriep. Selim and bis effloers all deciare that | they were surrounded by an immensely superior | force, and were fighting in front, flanks, and rear at | the same moment. The evemy’s cavalry cut up tie roed in their rear, and 60 they lost their guns. But they ssy that the enemy’s !oss was tremendous, and I am ipciived to believe it. The Curks were visited | by a friend of mine on the fojlowiug cay, and they were quietly working at their intrenchments at Chourukeu, without beving at all the air of a beaten army. Old Selim is said to have fought like » brave ola lion, The Mingreliavs are sal. to be rather tired of such severe fighting for the Russiaus. They are Christians, whence comes the Roawian hold over them. prebably. Redout Kaleb 1s doing well, aud quite able w take care of itself now. gun Trade of Parts. The Paris corronpondent of the London Times, writing 00 August 7th, :—The trade of Paris continnes in the same state of stagnation, and its revival is met expected until next month. The ac- counts from the manufacturing districts are rather satisfactory. Lyons has lately received important oroers from A: and the manufactures of Ta- rare, soing, and baix are in full work. Very little business was transacted at the fair of Beau- caire, because of the prevalence of cholera in the nolan 9 the ay a aes - speculators q prices on the Paris corn-market; but when it Deveme kuowo thatthe government had authorised the distribation among the bakers of a portion of the reserve waich they are obliged to leave in the greniers d’abondance, the holders to be alarmed, and 0 fall of about 10f.im the price of flour sued, Wheat has also declined 5f. per 4 and in the departments the diminution has been from 2f. to 4f. A similar downward tendency is observable in the markets of Belgium, Holland, and the north of Germany. Central Eu- rope will not require this year any nario from Odessa, 0 large & quantity of grain of the last cro; baving remained unsold in Southern Russia that it is pow offered under two- of ita value. Rye has made its appearance in t abundance in the Paris market, avd fallen 5f, hectolitre. The price of barley and oats has likewise receded. Po- 6 have more or Jes suffered from the rain, and the aiseare has oppesred with some intensity in va- rious districts, price of cattle has ad- vanced, but it is hoped that the depression of the corn market will induce the breeders to abate taeir pretensions. The trifliag business done in wine was at increased rates, it being now certain that the vin- tage will be a failure. Brandy continues in Paris at 226f. in Bordeavx it has under, @ diminution of 6f. Spirita extracted from beet sell for 188f, ireland. MOVEMFNTS OF A SUSPICIOUS STEAMER IN THR CHANNEL. The Dublin correspondent of the London Chro- nicie, writing on August 9th, says:—The following communication, dated “ Limerick, Monday night,” appears in Saunders Newsletter. The writer states that the circumstance referred to formed the general topic of conversation im; that city, and has somewhat terrified the female portion of society :— “Captain Gorman, master of the ship Jessie, which arrived in the river last evening from Que- bec, reported to the collector of Customs, at twelve (noon) thia day, that when about,four miles off the mouth ofthe Shannon, he observed reconnoitering towards land, in very suspicious movement, a large steamer, about one hundred and seventy feet long, with black fannel as bigh as the mainmast of the ed She did not hoist the English ensign when saluted, but bore off. The slow motion of the steamer, with heer swells, precluded Captain Gorman from as certaining whether she was screw or padile, bat, from appearance, the steamer was either American or Russian. In addition to the above, it is stated | that Sweeny, the chief boatman et Kilcredane Lightbouse (the farthest point on the Shannon,) described the smoke of the steamer before tne cir- cumstance was reported to him by Captain Gor iD. “ P. 8.—Since writing the foregoing, intelligence | has been received through a young gentleman who | arrived from Galway, to the effect.that the same | steamer was observed from thence also, lurking off | land; ard that the coastguard revenue cutter and a small steamer were sent in chaseofher.”’ ~ 8] Owners and Emigrants, | [From the London Chronicle, August 10.) The recent report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on emigrant ships—a document which we may take a uture opportunity of noticing in detail—cbiefly relates to vessels conveyiug pas- sengers to the United States; but it contains many suggestions of wider application. The diffi nities attendant upon Australian emigration are, perhaps, more impoitapt than those which principally en- goaed the attention of the committee. The voyage longer, the vicissitudes. of climate are greater, and the consequent bardships of the passengers are more seifous. From all that appears, the existing Tegulations are very ineffiient and inadequate to the object; and what we know of the horrora of an emigrant voyage only leads to disagreeable suspi- cions of what we do cotknow. From the nature of the case, it may well be doubted whether the worst instances cf neglect and abuse ever come before the public. Occasionally, as in Fieldhouse v. Wigram, which bas just been tried on the Weatern Circuit, an action in brought for insufficient or improper food, and ciher damages accruing to passengers. But these cases are those of passeugers on the home- ward voyage, re oar emigrants who sail in outward bound ships seldom return to bring actions | in the English courts; and owners and charterers becat ete ceca mentee, need ska with a or us Seer ee ick. For jones, it or exile from England is stil ee at the meenoy of the shipowners. The report of the selec: commit- tee recommends a fort of reciprocity treaty, which | should facilitate the promotion of complaintaon the American side of the ocean. Here, however, the | migrant is safe enough. In cases, such as that of the Melbourne, the on pressed Passenger Is sure of his remedy; and & Jury of lanis. meg will seldom be found slow > mark ita aym thies, at the cost of owners and brokers, with heart-rending tale of the es and privations of a voyage round Cape In fact, as things now stand, it is the interest of owners, as well as of passengers, to have the law on this subject made much more explicit than it is at preeent, A ship owner is @ tolerably safe tar, for an action. It cany evap ay’ gst up @ moving picture of qu fiour,*perverse water closets, and the like ; nor can Mat | “goa ships avoid casualties of this sort. requires but When poopie aye totting tide do: the gxicvanoes, when people have e _ vances, real or sup) iegrey te) table form the com- monest Ahh for letting off the superfluous grumbling which an Englishman is never so mach at home in indulging as when abroad. In the to which we have allnded, such annoyances were made the most of. A Wiltshire jury was entertained with the moving tale of sund: which required the process to which the don! 4 frigates have been anbjected—an eloquent sergeant dilated on the hor- 108 of @ cask of dul flour—and Mesers. Wigram and Co. are indebted to the sympathies of tne in- lend county jury, rather than to any extreme negii- gence or oppression on their own part, for the damages which they have to pay Mr. Fieldhouse for inconveniences scarcely inseparable from a pro- tracted passage. The watercloset complaint looks the most eericus; but every voyager knows that, in rough weather, those of simple construction are uselecs, while the domestic babite prevalent anton; the classes at home who represent second and tai rate possergers would scarcely render them very expert cr careful in the management of such conve- DieDces at 80a. Whether, however, the Kent was or was not well provided for an Australian voyage, is a matter of far less interest than the general The medicine chest which the law requires every to carry is but a precarious substitute jm toed care, when, as 80 often midable epide! is often more severe at the moment of separation from bome. Again, the waot of exercise, the suspension of et even the change, wrea it basyens, tog More geverous diet—at all events, the change from buttermilk and to galt perk aud biscutt— the barascing cares of sickly cbildren conflud to “Tiweew decks’? buph—all these are coaditions most injurious to beslth onder the most faymable © rcumstances, and they are fatal unless ample pro- vision is made for veutilation. Si:k and helpless, a:d often hopeless, an emigract voyager presents but peor materials for coping wish tve lowering snd epfeebling influerces of life at sea; and the very least that the Legislature ought to do is to take care that every emigrant ship sba/l carry a bealih officer —'p other words a ship surgeon—to waoom suvh ia- ducements might be reasonably offered as should influence bim to ¢mbrace from choice a brauch of the profeasion which is now very rarely accepted but as an unwelcome necessity. [From the London ‘Timer, August 20.} on A I. the allied fleets, aided by 10,000 French a Bomarsund, the King of beep h rs li ad pa eager nord _ ely engrossed incidents war ip the Baltic and the Black Sen teat be mae take the opportunity while the world is lookin anotber way to rearrange the affairs according to his own notions. le with hom the a people whom close relation sgain turies, Pr marriages. x ‘be Orkney and Shetland isles became ours by a the dowry of the Queen Margaret, wuo. masried ibe dowry e Queen » James IL, of Scotland. The mother of our Charles I, was a Danish princess; and the taunt of our esent Queen was married to Cristian VILI., of Benmark It.was her gon who had to endure oor Foyt ners py last pod he the R ap cr case were mui page by the relationship of the two royal fanities, A feocnd cause of our interest in the weifare of Denmerk for along course of has been the evidence that has arisen with time of ihe growing appreciaticn of popular libert: Scan countries which lie between the worid. Norway has Baro in both the substance and cratic country in f rm of its government Sweden has much hindrance to get over in the gieat remains of its fendal institusions; but the space Jeft by the constitution for the enlargement nines privileges is gradually filling up; and the enlightenment of the present sovereign has im: proved popular capabilit for self-government to a remarkable degree, however his personal leanings in favor of dynsatic interests may occasion doubt and embarrasement in crises like the nt. There is no doubt of the general goodwill of the Swedes on bebalf of freedom at home and abroad, When Denmark was visibly advancing in the right direction, obtaining, prizing, and preserving a con- stitution whi h fitted the bumbler classes for politi- cal privileges, and admitted their rights to represen- tation in the legislature, we looked with affectionate respect and sympathy on the new form which the an- cient Scandipavia was assuming in our time, and oped that her former glories were to be eclipsed by the nobler 9; le of three northern nations emula- ting each other in their prog'ession towards a com- mon aim—the greatest that nations can prepeee The a song about the brotnerhood of the Scandinavian people bad died away; and it has been our privilege to hear it caught up again since the powers and virtues of indigenous constitutional government have become understood, and have been sought and applied as they bave been by the best men in the three Scandinavian countries; and so strong has been our interest in the cause that we are very sure that no incident of the war—no vic- tories by sea or land—can render us indifferent to the misfortune of the Danish people in losing a constitution which 2 ed them on the right side amidst the universal preparation for the full and final estublishmentfof that right. A third ground ot English interest in the political promperity of Denmayk is the increased communica. lon and co-operation between the two nations. By far the lar roportion of the Danes are tillers of the so: proprietors—cailed “ peasants,” but answerir more to our yeomanry; and the fish- eries are the .¢xt most important branch of indus try in Denmark, its commerce being litt'e more than the exchange of its own agricultural products, and fish and oil, for the commodities in immediate use at heme. The alteration in our tariffin 1842 and 1843 in entirely new value to our relations with k, Since the peasanta have been invited to serdus thei. cattle, new wealth has flowed in upon t .m—new stimulus, new hopes and desires; and the growing interest has been fully reciprocated by us. ivis @ gi€at thing for both countries that the Ham- burg stesmers are perpetually bringing over tens of th: ueands of cattle from the Denma:k avd Holstein, to errich our graziers and feed oar opie, while supporting.a new population in the suish provin es; but it isa much greater thing that the peasants are rising in education, eveu more than in wesJth, and that we find ourselres wil: lipgiy obliged to respect and sympathize with them rrr And trvly and heartily we did ao tepeanine wth them when the first semblane of popular arose in Denmark—when, in 1831, provincial Stat s were instituted by Frederick VI., though those Btstes could do nothing more than advian tke crown, which ry take the advice or not, as it pleased. ‘The mere eave to have an opinion—the mere sum- mons to discuss public matters, and deliver a jadg- ment upon them, was a prodigious gain, ands sure Rr hecy of more liberty to follow. , in 1848, ther privileges were given, we rejoiced with our friends over the sea, h we saw more clearly than they seemed to do, that the actual rights conceded to them were too vague and ambiguous to be prac- tically enjoyed without dispute. cept in regard to finance, and organic constitutional changes, the representatives had no power but of exp their opinions. The sovereign was to decree the oliueingdom avd pola fow of he meer lom, and to a) a members from the ies, Bat every clas was admitted into the elective reprecentation; and i; was a pro- digious advance for every class to have a share in the control of the finances of the kingdom, and a voice in bee Avene woth lnvolvin ‘an common jr tk Proper an Duchies. 1n proportion as we, and other free nat! pathised in these political advances, the Gate a other despots became uneasy. Questions of succes- sion are the common resource of despots, when matters are 1g too fest in an: lapreving country ; ani nowhere is a ‘question of suscomion easier to raise than in Denmark Once more we Must remind our readers, as we have done so often before, that the question of succession to the throne of Denmark is so settled as to leave the Czar within under every aspect; and eapeclaly now, when, 1h under eve: 3, and es ly now, the ery Hn of hin fortunes, there has been a coup a’état in Denmark, after a succession of inci- dents which gent the su ition that the Czar is atthe botom the mischief there, as he is every- where. When our fleets went to the Baltic the ties in Denmark were sulky, and have since shown any cordiality like toat of Sweden Norway. When the Danish ee broted with rejoi:ings the anniversary of their stitution, the suling powers were sulky, undue coercion was imposed. And now stitution ts wholly subverted, and the a Bi ned ‘T's hardly concelvoble that his. people will acoept t val it people will accept #8 fuch, what they will do it will be & matter of deep interest to constitutionalists to observe, and especialiy what happena next month, on the firet ice of which the new National Council is to assemble, The King holds out a that at some fature time thys council will be composed of elected members; but at present ail {ta members are to ba n-minated by himself. He isto nominate the pre- sident of this council, its place of session, and the length of its sittings; and be has the right of send- ing the ministers, and ot whom he pen be ene ped | share in discussions of council; and ro change in the constitation can beintocuced but t! this same council. Ni dencri is ied. The people of 'Den- their liberties alt if this they are to live And ite just wow, with a summons of the coun- cil to meet on the lst of September, shows ene ) Ss enough that this infamous revolution is connected with the war. rr) unl a » ccuntry, grave and useful Jeasons. What cle, in fact, is the establishment of a goveramast which was 80 nearly beiag inaugurated by civil war, and which has by turaos sustained the most com trery end most imperious influences! What tg that power which, nominally borne by an iafaat, has been alternately disputed and seized «m, st the price of military riots and insurre ‘tions in the provinces? Can we have forgotten the origin and vicissitudes of the reyalty ie in the hands of Maria Christina’s danghter ? We not know better than our opponents, and to use their own expres-ions, that “ Isabella was cail- ed to the throne of Spain only by the revolutions"y part-of the nation, and thst she could sot iavoke the ancient right of legitimacy?” upwards of twenty years followed da: day the be destiny of that tottering power, vb ho severe voice ever shown te the ad- sanguinery hatred ; the frenzy of the multi! has burst on her palace, and her life itself woul have been ia peril. bad she been’ found. Notwithstanaing the protestations made to ber, Isabella is at the meroy of the victors, and she passes in review from ber ny the tat tered battalions of the barricades. And. the real power—where is it? Isthe Duke de Vittoria the sole master? Has he not been ebligea already to meke room in bis ministry for grasping ambiti calling for the price of an alliance dearly purchasodt We know well that he is endeavoring to r-strain the wilé }aseions which were let loose at the moment of combat. Measures of public orier have been decreed; the Juntas of Public Safety, the very name cf which are sufficient to strike terror, are reduced to the office of giving an opinion. But they not the leas remain upstanding, receive a sort of legal or- ganization, and aye assured a certain inflasace im elections, Who can ssy if they will every- where submit? And even such as they are, who can say what their influence will be on the elections? The clubs are not yet closed, and sre the more formidable in deliberating im se- cret. The bariicades with dimoutty, and their chiefs seem !ittle inclined to abdicate their pee Have they not support even in the Cabinet? e victors share ihe places among themselves, aa is usual after all revolutions; but will they under. stand each other as well for the distribution of tne government? Who will take the second place? Already Espaitero has excited discontent, and the enthusiasm cf the first days has fa‘len off, if private letters are to be believed. Is there not among the chiefs of the movement some soldier or other ready to ee by the change? Besides, can a coalition with so many shades of opiaion last for auy time withont agitation, division, and rupture? We knew well that at present conciliation is recommended, ard to arrive at that end the programmes are made as indistinct as possible, and it is declared that “it is slways easy to make concessions in the spplica- tion of what may be resolved on.” Ata dianes that system sppcere easy, but will the Juatas be satisfied? Let the wishes of some of them be listened to, and then let it be asserted that pretensions are easy to sa‘isfy. And, besides, have we yee beers of the past? Doss not the logic of ambitions and of interests contradict these puerilé illusions? No; it ie not on the greund ef the revolution that the reign of liberty and of pesce can be bascd—that triumpn is the privileged work. of justice and authority. Out of that there are a es Soc, the iaberme tats of eee ie! avarcby, popular sufferings, and the sbasemeat nations, A is the law of history. ap) ine Benton’s Voice in the wilderness, We find the following letter in the Savannah (Mo.) Sentinel. I is interesting in connection with Tecent events:— Wasuinaron Crry, July 6, 1854. Jvver Horuy—Dear Sir—Your letter of iavite- tion of the 17th ult., is just received, and in answer Conkiatentiy wily duties bee, wo vase sonnet nD! nt] my re, to it your ot_the country before the electon. 7 In all Ihave ever relied on the Masses, and still do. I have been the friend of the laborer, of tre eerie of the first settlers, since the year 1809, when I was a member of the Teanes- ral erage at Knoxvill cause I do not intend to remove. Yours truly, Taos. H. Bextor. P.S.—I struck ‘rit tral Route sae area miles, to 219,160,320 acres has ane of 196,288 ein miles, 120 acres of land. To large someting ta the Indian title has not been enough is open for settlement coger enterprise for years to come. large rapeper Teporta of the day nor greats asap. Dewspeper e are not grea\ of hardy pioneers already gerated, there are crowds within the boundaries of the new Territories, Damaces aGarner a Tsteorarn Couraxy—in ee ieneen I Ciociansti and Louis: ville Telegraph Company, t led before Jadge Walk- er, of , Ta, in the plaintiffs sought te Tecover damages sustained in consequence of the com a jury brou, boungred. and forty five dollars and fifty Plaintiffs bad shipped flour to New Orisans structions to the consignees five dollars to, toh, they on to the flour until they received a letter Ee ntiffs to sell immediately, when they sold, in the meantime having dec! from fifty to sixty cents, The action was brought for the loss sus ained by the decline. Cincinnati Gazette, dug. 22 fit Conticent—some are in London—some are whiling their time plensaat- ly away at the eineely hotels of New York, cheered no doubt by the exciting facts that the adveat of inet earn lo apa! het mr Tecious prise or In the meantime, the wheels on re Tutly and secoesetally os Sener ee. matic cor were ‘ashington. Tar Know Notame Heap