The New York Herald Newspaper, August 21, 1854, Page 2

en Powers, bat there are no proofs of coalition. ‘The government of Denmark is reactionary, which does not look very ‘avorable for France aad Bag- land. There has beca a story told, that the Em- peror of Russie, and gl! his family, were nearly captured, outside Croaztadt, by an Knglish ship of war; but this is generally believed to be a canard of the press. Even doubts have been thrown on the state ment about the extent of the Crimean expedi- tion, and ite sudden and simultaneous movement, simply from the act that there are not ships :nough im the Black Sea to convey such a force as 80,000 or 100,000 men fr m Varaa to the neighborhood of Sebastopol at once. That an attack is to be mads om the Crimea ‘<, however, aliaost certain; but of ‘ite succésss, po One cad yet form an idea. The Russia's «i+, retreating from the Danube and the Tarks ure fol! wing them. Whether the pro- Jected attack ov the C-imea, or the fear of Austria Pictpalities, induces this retreat, no Gortscnakoff, before evacuatiag tae authorities that bis move- od hy stratewetic motives and that Tie latter might be bounce, jaye spoken thas if bis retreat sy. His thanking the Boyards dg ur kindness and aesistauce to the Ruseian arwy doe» aot look as if the Russians were hated by the Wail .chians 80 intensely as has been ' ated. There bas been for some time past 8 growing feel- ing here thuc the foreign policy of England has not been and cavrot be what it ought, on acoount of Prince Albert. The Prince is an amiable and aa accomplished man, aad his moral character is irre- preachable, but he is so allied wita the royal houses of Kore e that is isflaences the opinions of the Prince, the Queen and the Cabinet, on fo-viga po- Titles, azo mmkes toe Koglish policy on forviga afeire.a Coburg policy. A Coburg iS the consurt ef Queen Vi tera A Coburg sits on the theoue of Belgiom, whcse «dest eon is married to a daughter of tie Emperor of Austria, Tt is well kaowa that We King ot B-leium bas great influence over the Queen of Knglaio. A Coburg the father of tre Ning of Portuus!. The Coburgs aiso have influence in Germany, w e ¢ tuey fo m a reigniag Aouse ja known als» tbat the Queen of Fagland is lookiag abroad for matrim uiai ‘alliances for her children, and tbat a mr mer of the reyal hoaae of Prussia ia booked forore of them. Both her Majesty aad her consort are very atfivtionate, and the utmost co~ diality exists bet ween them and their blood rola tiens. This is very right and proper, but it in- duces a policy w ic is injurious to Haglund. No one cen forget how nervously acxious the Queer ‘was a fow years ugo about seeing every deapatch which was wr'tt-u by the Foreiga Secretary, and hew Lord Paloerstin was turned out because he would sot submit to this. Prince Albert alse always alts at cabinet conncils, where his presence mast influence opinions aud the expression of opinions. No bow, fom what for the last few yea s, believes that Primce Albert ever became au Evylistiman in opinion and senti- ment, whioh he ougtx to have done when hs was aateralized. Tre ¢ cannot be a doubt that he is foad of the “right div ne” of kings, and that he is very anxious to secure the undistarbed enjoyment of ‘thrones, princedoms und dukedoms possessed by his ver impresses Bn icimen very strongly they will at ever on glia! in very ly they al- mest suspect the ubsolute wisdom of she Salic law,for they never wou'd suffer their supremacy to be p\aced in jooperdy throuvh the domestic arrangements of a wouam, no matter how deserving she may be. The troubles of Spain at the present time may be attri- outed, ina great measure to the abolitfon of the Salic law by Fercinand. ‘Phe sristo-ratic eloments in England are a great evil. The aristo. racy is as much concerned in sup- Pojtiog everything connected with monarchy a3 Albert himself, for the downfall of monarchy would iavolve uristocracy in ita rains. The prestige and the monopolies which the aristocracy enjoy in Engl sad are solely dependent on the existence of . Mouurchs and aristocrats have looked { ap tothe Ewperor of Russia as one whose ovor- mholniog pore aod hatred of tho people could al- | be don as a check against revolutionary Fetes Few of them have, perhaps, ever thought ‘that Koliey in Rassia would suit any couatry in Burepe, they have believed that tho terror | usuped by bis pame and power made the people | with few liberties; aud fearful of de- | mmanding too fiercely or eagerly rights which | were doc, and which would not sult kings amd qnecns; and the arlstocrazy, to graat | ‘these consi rations, explain the tenderness with | which the Emperor of Russia has been treated by | ‘to British government, and the hesitation of other governments in Lorepe to join the Western Powers im the, nt war. | The 5 aeF ministers 9 short time sinceanpoiated | (he Hon. Mr. Lawloy,a member of the Huuse of Com- mot Lord Wy k. ta the Gower me thip el dou Rasteaiie, PR Sndrante gentle wan hed been on the turf, asd while private secre- texy to the Chancelior of the Excheqner bed beca a)4.ulating on the Stock Exchange. The appoint- meat cf this blacklog toa colonial governorship was pounced upon by the Derbyites (wno, bye-the-bye, would net bave hesitated to have done a similar act), and broug t before Parliament. poiotment of Mr, Lawley has boen canvelled. Can any one wonder et the hatred of the British coloa- | iata for the moth>r country, when thoy are treated | with such indignity as to have a jockey fron New- | taarket, or rather s stag from Capel Court, to rule ever them? The colonies have always been consi- dered in England places where the poorer branvles of | the axistocratic families might brouse and fatten. Even the Governor (seneral of India is never sels.ted | om account of bis fitness, but some noble lord, ear!, or duke gete the Governor Generalship to repair a | shattered fortune. Fancy the tact and wiedom of | the British government, when the Australians are diaogntented and almost rebellious, to select a man | reaide over one like Lawley to The never keep @ colony that is worth | Keeping. They are sure te lose it before there it shegince of the United States long before they have done if they bad governed those States fairly and wisely; aud they will lose Aus scious of it ¢ until the latter are quite con: both the great csuntry and its oftshoot can | friends, the connection ends by violent and is succteded by mutual insult and Board of Health bas been abolished. ment department, like the Poor power it possessed and the saper- It superseded local Measures of the wasn Board, in the imtendeace it exercised. Z "The jobving ai tion and | etency | ny hapeation bay jncom; C: ortho Beit gereramen in the administration o | W he country have aroneed tho of fia the isiternal affairs of tom acainst >, people. This feeling caused the the government police bill a few weeks’ ago, which bill would have withdrawn police of the HG E Commons, a sure sign that he cannot humbug tie Houne as he used todo. Lord Dailey Stuart is now deseribed in the newspapers as the silliest of neble Lords, for believing that Palmerston would if ke could restore Poland. In the contempt and hateed with which Palmerston will be treated by tho EK of her rest contemners punished. mnératon is not the onl: throwa from the p Lord | Pat- idol, however, who will be jeatal of popalar applanse. Lord Joba Rosee!l ts. universally described now a3 | ® mectecrity who has no preteusiona to the place ho hhas Occupied in public estimation, and who would wover have attained his position if he had not been a on. Baring aid ia the Honse of Commons, a few ego, that a Turkish loan foand no favor et moneyed men iu Hoagland, unless it was fogland. This rather moggered the beiicrers in tho resuscitation of the oe Empire. ofthe Times newspyper a‘ the eet of war tn the Kast, is allowed from the Kazlish army commimsriat rations for himself and servant and Corage for his horse. Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Aug. 7, 154 ‘The New Spanish Government —Espartero and O'Donnell—The War in the East—The Car's Fast Priciamation—The Russian Retrograde Movement—Na Strategic Object—-The Projected Invasion of the Crimea—Skating Battalions of Russian Infantry—The French Imperial Court @ Briaritz. The tide of political excitement which has for st «906 time beem running in a southwesterly direc | Coa, and directing all eyes towards the peninsula -v Spain, ls now again flowiag eastward and nort!- werd, and the Crimea and the Baltic are eo at tractive, that while unwillingly men tara aside f-om Spain, they still want to be looking pon all places at once. It Is impossible altogether te remove one’s eyes from the Peninsula, for already does the composition of the new ministry, by giving a place to # representative of each party, prove the divisions and the force of those whom it is pretended to conciiiate. Bepartero, in spite of his popalarity, thas been obliged te acceps the aid of other parties, qrom ‘he moderado O'Donhell to the puritan. Now | we kuow Wlorbly well from ex,erience what comes | 1 pawe "rom these more alliances @ the momcat. It | has seen and kcown | The ao- | | The admirals have let f their provinces. [ for doing so. Thus they lost the | prematarely. Instead of preserving colonics | strength and fitness for independence, | 1 centralisation, and a desiro for | ‘oment is again in the ascendant amongst | country from local con- | i after many s hard ijight this feeling has# Seqiroed the board of heath. | is losing his temper in the House of i People, before he dies, America will see onc | ‘The conflict, at first un derhand and anperceived, secks support out of doors, when it breaks out os tensibly. No one oan eay whose arm will nitimately prove the etropgest, but am early antagonism docs seem izevitarie, There are already symptoms of this abroad. Barcelona issues a decree against machi. very, Valladolid pros:ribes the religious orders, and Madrid is talkiag of a concordat. The Juata of Public Safety, by its dismissals and proclamations, indicates its peculiar Inspiration; agi the progres- sista clubs are sitting permanently. Demands are openly placarded on the walls of the capital and among the provinces, for the convocation of a con- stituent assembly and a regency. The phrases “ io- | famous capital,” “liquidation of property,” &., &c., are written so that they who ran may read. Too much importance is, of course, not to be attel- buted to what is probably common to the infancy of sll revolutions. On such occasions froth and dregs patura'ly rise to the surface; but still there they are, stancing out in open day, avd the question is, who is to repress them? In such a couatry as Sosin, there can be no capituation with anarchy, aad to | escape the blaze snd svoreh of the revolution, ia the first instance it must be broken off with, absolutely end radically. Can Eapartero do this? Gan O’Don- nell, now Minister of War? 1s Marshal Narvaez sia- ply biding Lis time? + ahead there are murmurs about the administra- jon. | tion. Espartero in visiting the barricades had ano- ) ther taste of the fickleness of the war good will; } and though, at night, there was an illumination, and | some show of removin, the emblems of insurrection, | at was observed that the public tone of feeliag was | apythong but satisfactory. | General Jose de la Concha is spoken of as Captsia | General of Ouba, and M. Garcia Comba, of (uerto | Rico. The Queen, it is said, is cbout to repair to the | sewside, while Maria Christina waa packing up her | chattels for a residence abroad. But to advert to the Kast. where, since I laat wrote, things are assuming & much more interesting aspect. All #, eculations respecting the retrograde movement made by the Russians, may be considered to be ed by one of those proclamations for which the bas now become famous, and on whioh the Ch bably be found amusing itself and its readers. “Toe Emperor of alithe Russias and Poland,” says this precious document, “ and the Prote stor of Moldavia and Wailachia—protector, likewise, of all who profess the orthodox Greek faith—-has resolvad to withdraw the imperial trcops from the unwhole- some countries of the Danube, for a very short time, to the more healthy districts of the mountains, The enemy--in his narrowness of views—has sup- posed that we were giving way, becanee we were | afraid of him, and endeavored to attack us dorin; | the march of our valiant soldiers. Bat scarcely ha | Princo Gortschakoff ordered his troops to repulse the | enemy ,when he fied shamefally, abandoning his arms | and ammunition, which our troops now carry off | with them. When the season is more favorable, | | we will return to you in arats, to deliver you for | ever from these barbarous Turks. Our retreat will | be effected with precaution, and without precipite- | tion, in order that the enemy may not suppose that we are flying before him.” e The Moniteur, in fact, this morning formally an- nounces the Russian retreat en masse upon the Se- reth, confirmed, it states, by official despatches | from Bucharest of the 28th and 29th of July. Bu- { charest, it presumes, must have beon eva uated by | the 31st, and taken poasession of by the Tarks. The meaning of all this—as it has no relation to j any new defeats expetierced by the Russlan gene- rales enerally supposed to be a desire on the | part of the Czar to avoid, if ble, an official rup- | ture with, or positive declaration of war from Austria. The efforts made at Viepna by Rassian diplomatists Feem to confirm this view, and theevacuation of the | Prircipalities may be thought a means of modi | the poliey of Auatria, so that the relations o! two empires be maintained on purely diplomatic grounds, It ia worthy of remark, now that the state of things seems to be progressing towards the fulfil- ment of the views recorded in an adosirable article | in the HEnraxy of the 19th of July. In that, it is | observed “that the occupation of the Prit el] seems to be the only popular eclec- | vart, with its usual piquancy, will s00a pro- | | the mouths of the Danube, or the north of the Do success at the Danube, or the liberation of the aid in the reduction of the Crimea—we repeat it, tbe quer object of the war—if the permanent security of the Turkith Empire and the in mndence acd peace of Enrope are to be established? Again, it is aid that the expedition is destined for Anapa. Tae acquisition of Avapa, which stands at the easte 2 side of the strait that separates Imeritia from tie Crimea, woulo seem to promi-e more faverably for | the ultimate conquest of the peninsula ; bat it is Gifficult 10 see any acvartage in the possession of Aaspe to compen the ovil of delay. Tac Rus- sions have iu Apapa or ia any part of Imeritia 20 force that could Inaterially assist in the defence of the Crimea, even weve it likely that the sea could be crossed in Gefiance of the British and French naval | frees, To every scheme of circuitous attack upon the Crimea thete is, moreover, this manifest objec- tion—time, precious time, would be given to the | epemy te reinforce the threatened territory with | large massea of troops aud to add to hia fortifioa- tions. From the foregoirg considerations we are led | to conclude with some degree of certainty tiat if the commanders of tze allied forces are left to the exercise of their own discretion, the Crimea will | | be the first object of attack. We have already spoken of the vital ulti mate importance of wrestin; e territory from Russia. . Let us now add a wor as to the necessary effect of such an acquisitioo in abridgivg the duration of the wax Sebast»pol and | the Ruesian fleet once in the hands of the allies, Anaya and the whole of Imeritia must speedily fol- low; and thus the Czar would find it difficult, if not | | impossible, to maintain communications with Georgia and the intervening countries; and looking | to another pert of the Russfen empire, the scquist- | tion of Sebastopol aud the cayture of tho Russiaa | ships in its harbor would liberate a grest part of the combined fleet to co-operate with tie naval | force alresdy acting in the Baltic. Nor are we to over'eok moral influences. As yet the allies have | done nothing, while the Tnrks have been displaying marvels of gallantry acd skill. We are notof tue | number of those who have reproached our generals and admirals for inactivity. We believe they nave done all that in their situation the bravestand most shilful conid effect. The fault rests altogether with | Lord Aberdeen, who, to the last moment, retard- | edevery necessary preparation. Bat the Britis | forces were not in & condition to take share in the war, and a wire and generous resolution to obviate | every possible occasion of jealousy has prevented the French forces acting withoutthem. Lord Aberdeon, | in fact, succeeded in paralyzing the fleets and armiea | of two great nations. We have, however, now, n thanks to the forty years friend of Nicholas, come to point wien a blow must be struck, and, if stra with suczess, the moral effect upon the continen' | nations will probably bring the war to a speedy ter- | ; Wination, All men like to be of the winning aide, | | but the instinct is of most force with the corrupt | and the timid. The reduction of Sabastopol would, | no doubt, fix the sincerity of Austria in ber declared purpose; and, despite of cousinahip, separate Frede- | tick William of Prussia from the Czar. 1; is won- | | derfal with how very different eyes men (and kings | are but men) regard rich and lucky kindred on one | side, and “ poor relations” on the other. The Aus- | trian and Prussian governments possibly feel that | the day of Rursia’s humiliation will be the day of | triomp! ko Haney 5a Poland; but they must be | stupid as the ta that graze if they do not ace | that the nitimate triumph of Hungary and Poland | is inevitable, and that the present is an occasion | offered to the Courts of Vienna and Berlin to share | | in that trinmph instead of becomiug its victims. | The two Courts cannot save the Czar from a griev- | the } ous downfall by their neutrality; and for them, for | the ermeaws of Hungary and Poland, to take part with bim, must incur the hostility of England | and of France, and then Hungarians and Poles | would know that the day of their emancipation bas arrived. | eee | ‘The Position and [rade of England in Asta: From the Friend of India, (Singapore) May 1L} | in- cipalitios by Austria will be rather tavorable than otherw! r to Russian interests, and its prac- see ae be ne defeat the intention ct | e owers, O: Sots! material guarant from the Czar. Austria having obtained all that | she personraily desires in the clearance of the Da- | nube, will take care that her further action does not materially interfere with, or injure her late alley | and benefactor,” &c., Kc. | Tho truth is, as every one is observing, this move- | ment of the Czar’s extricates Austria fiom an en- | tanglement. By her treaty with the Porte, that Power engages, if necessary, to employ force in | der ta obtain possession of the Principalities. | She may now take possecsion. The Danube is cleared, | and Austria, to quote the Hrxatp, ‘is in a position | to impose her own views on the belligerent Pow- | ers;”” the language the semi-offieial Pavs usea | | oa the subject is not without significance. “We are | not," writes that journal, “in any respect partisans of war, and if Austria inte: §, 88 an impassable artier between Russia and Turkey, insures the free | nevigation of the Danube, and guarantees peace on | 7 ditions which are admissible, itcannot be denied | tbs t such @ result would be most importaat. } Meanwhile the region of speculation seems to be | cist from our feet by the intelligence that on the | 30ta of August the allied fleets were in sight of Se | hastopol, and wp ante by numerous transporte. | seven French and four Eaglish vessels hefore Varna. Thirty gun boats, armed and | fitted out at Constantinople, have accom: fleets; ard your English bia aye will have ap- | p you thas eighty or a hui thousand men | are, ot this moment, invading the Crimea, and at- | tempting to effect a ie on the heights com- | manding Sebastopol. The only question is, what effect will the present retreat of the Czar, and the consequent position of Austria, have on all this? Bat the re vsfrom the Baltic is deeply interesting. | | It was rumored, only the other day, that ‘‘old Char- | ley” had very nearly been captured while _— | bis personal reconnaissance a shade too far; now | i¢ seema that the terrible Czar himself, the author | of Fogieen ibe Miewlane—y an ace of being ae | ¥ ¢ @ pe: & cage, accompanied | by the Archdake Ghoskantine the Rreeoadheee, and | the Russian admiral in command at Cronstadt. It | the captain of the steamer had only known what a | recious burthem that small Russian steamer re!—what an immortality lost! But all is bustle ond activity now—a determination | to do something or die before the ice comes and | stope all, seems the order of the day. Six gunboata | have just been lannched at Woolwich, intended for | despatch to the Baltic. If the accounts givea should | be entirely realized, these balf dozen vessels forma | very satisfactory instalment of what has long beon | required. They sre to carry ten inch guna, each of which is to act as a kiad of gigantic Minni¢ rifle, | ‘The bore of each cannon is formed after the fashion | of a rific of the best kind; the shot to be thrown have the form which recent Cetus have shown | to be best adapted to long and accurate flight. It is supposed they will have a range of more than four miles, The gut boats will float in shallow water, | They will be able to keep out of range of the guns of Cronstadt, and, at their leisure throw their iron | ehower into that fortress. If the Russians desire to return these unpleasant salutes, they mast come out | and shake hands with Sir Charles Napier. Bat the Crar has no intention of being made to fizht. How- ever, nous verrons! Antimony ahot are foand to be more destructive than iron ones, for as soon as the | surface is stenck, the metal, owing to its greater | brittleness, breaks, ond the vari vus particles become, consequently, widely spread. A supply is being sent out to the Baltic and Block seas. | _ In fact, there is no end to the present passion for destructivences. A sixty-eight pousdes Ft ten | fetlong, and weighing ninety-five hardred pounds, | oa Lancaster's principle, the box being ova! instoad | of round, which gives the argest guns all the adyan_ | tages poesersed by the best riffes, was found to car- ty with correct aim ao distancs of tive | thousand yards! The long period which elapsed | duiing the fight of the projectile, weighing up- \ wards of eighty eight pounds, owing to its elon- | gated form, caused at first nome an. | it fell—and in no instance was the shot or shell wide or short of the target—the spot where it barst presented the appearance of the eruption of a vol- can 0. At St. Petersbarg, however, we hear of two bat- | talions of skating infantry, who are ‘to operate io the winter on the ice, a: the Islands occupied or to be occupied by the Anglo French forces, The greatest anxiety is experienced aboat Bomarsund, which is reported to have been taken with great Hoos can both aioe, a fost ‘The /mperor and Kampress sre enjoying them- | selves £0 Ruly at Briarit?, thet it ig said they have accepts2an invitation to 4 ball by the ee | of Ba} , for the 1éth—the day cf the great | end that Paris is not to have ine of the | presence of cither of them. This seems hardly | credible. We should have an Amurfe. Bearer. i nce of the E: lttton te the Crimea jones om the Neale Reotent August 8.} fo many considerations concar to direct the earliest opérations of the allies to the reduction of the Crimea, that we are readily dispose that it is against taat peninsula that the late expe- | dition from Raltethic is di |. Tet ua enume- | rate a few of the considerations to which we refer. , In the first place, we avow our concurrence in | the opinion professed by Lord John Russell some | few weeks ago, that any exe:tions and encrifices in | the Haxine which shail leave the Czar in ion | of Seber I must prove otterly unprofitable. Se- bastopel gives to any great power able to retain it the absolute dominion of Black Sea and of all its To euffor Lamia to bold the position, therefore, must be to warrender the | restrained. But unfortunately the insecurity affects where a man-of-war steamer could not yeature | ty, but when | dd to concinde | ie rcerchanta of Calcutta, it 18 sald, have peti- | rotection | tioned the Governor General for some pi in the against Russian aggressions Eastern seas. ¢ alarm in Singapore upon the same account can ‘be described only as a panic. Meanwhile our trade in those watgrs is exposed to a danger greatly more | serious, because it is perpetual. Pir | | creased, is increasing, and ought to be dizainiehed. | The reduction of the squacron, the absence of | steamers, the abolition of headmoney, and the ef- | forta of the Aborigines Society, have increased the | crime, until entrance into Singapore is not safe to | on uuarmsd vessel. The are constantly at- | taked, ond the junk owuers are the mefchsats’ | mo+t valuable customers. The China steamers of | the P. snd 0. Company are to be immediatol; | equipped, and the equipment, we are assured, is | not ntenéed asa precaution against the Ras-iaus. | When lerge steamers are compelled to adopt such hres, the fate of unarmed sailing veasels may ¥ be imagined. The confidence of the traders ia being gradually destroyed. They are neither protected or syenged, and the consequense may Yet be a serious diversion of trade to the Dutch ter. ritories. So far as the losses aff-ct only the traders of Singapore, theyare little to be deplored. That fac- ticn have chosen to 1un down the only man whoconld snd would have protected them, and are bat suffer. ing the recoil of calumny. Rajah Brooke lisa bound | in Sarawak, and those who have fettered him are exposed to the enemies his influence would have clasees not eae in Singapore dealings in an- | timony. It affects our Indian ports and our Indian | revenue, troub!es underwriters im Calcutta, and | delays roada by reducing the average bids for | opium. Meanwhile the British government, which is resporsible for all these evils, is powerless to | avert them. If it strengthens the China squadron, | it will be denounced for “diverting the national | strength on the eve of so terrible a crisis.” If it | Joins the French and Dutch in a carefully planned | expedition, it will be assailed for sanctioning a crusade against unoffending aborigines, Or, lastly, if it carries on the Isw of nations, and hangs e pirate within reach, it may escape censure, but the Member from Montrose will read the officers’ | private letters in debate; and the Member for the | West Riding will prove that they risked their lives | ona dangerous duty, for the bencfit of themselves | and acorrupt and hard hearted aristocracy. There eee ee wae Lg aye cnyars | ‘0 enlighten Ee, ignorance, but when 10~ range is mistaken for philanthropy, the attempt can result only in a waste of breath and logis. | There remains another scheme. The Indian go- | vernment {a as much interested in ting these pirates, as the government cf Great Britain. Ite | subjecta suffer from their ravages, its revenne is im- | perilled, and the focus ot piracy is just beyond the Mouth of one of its own harbors. It possesses steamers of the kind best adapted to the work. It is acquainted with the archipelago as Parliament never wasorcan be. It has a name in the Eastern seas which t#, of itself, a source of power ; and it hag, above all, ascttled and definite foreign policy. Whatever the defects of its internal admin! tion, | abroad it is always successful. It may not be able to improve the yi police, but if it menaces the | King of Sisi,hi»,throne is worth but a few months’ | purebare, We bave little doubt that were the task of clearing the Fastern ecaa confided to Lord Dal- | bousie, they wonld in six months be clear. The | officers of the Indian navy, irresponsible to Hume | would act on the principle that crime is an evil and | } not a good, ard bang the criminal accordingly. Bri | | tish trade would be rejieved of an almost ucenfura- ble bor the British government from the attacks | of partisan philuathropy, ard the British Parliament | fom exposing its unfathomable ignorance of every | | thing beyond the Karopean thmit. | But to earry out this ianovation, it ia necessary | | fo complete another. Tre position of the Indian sovernment in Agia is singularly anomatons. The vernor General posasesses three times the power | | cf any other servant of the crown, not only in Asia, | | Tut in the world, He admisters an fmpire, and is | {| ree} onsible in no slight degree for the peace of a | contincat. There is not a scule in Shanzhae, or a | moxopoly ia Batavia, which bas not ite offs :t upo | | one Indian possessions. Ife is in communication with ail kinds of authorities, from Sir J. Bowring to the Rajah of Tringonu, and is compelled as it were to keep watch not only in India in Asia. Yet | ifthe government of India needs the assistance of passed midshipman and a boat's crew, it must ak for the youngster’s “cooyeration.” Jt has no ower of ccmmand., Any movement made by Sir | J. Bowring may seriously affect its greatest internal Tevenre, yet it canno? control Sir J. Bowring. Lord Tlardinge poseesard, we are aware, 2 commission, | the terms of which would have jqstified almost any stretch of authority, bnt there is no such commie | Sion in the hands of Lord Dalhousie. Hed @om- modore Lambert sailed back to China in the crisis of the Burmese war, he w have committed an | error in judgment, bat no breach of orders for j which he was responsible. We see no sound mn for the retention of such an anomely. Interesting from Spain. THE UNION OF ESPARTERO AND O'DONNELL. (Prem the London Chronicle, Anguat “hee It cancot, perhaps, be quite conclusively inferred, | trom the intelligen ejust received from Madrid, that | political any distinct arangement has been e: | the two generals who hold the destiny of Spain in | | their hands; bat it at least clear that Hs ia | | making the most euergetic efforts to conciliate and ; ‘ ye-gaenre O'Donnell. The Cabinet formed under | | the pe ys Rebeabes Vad | entirely of his personal friends; bat there are two | conspicnous ex “eptions—ore in the case | the weil knownfleader of the tereparts, the ! other in that of O'Donnel! himacif, whose name ap- yore in the list with the al important appointimest | ty.ond for tbat of purty who mey follow bia or Seatofaa, ith ay aod sapeto tiey rs AG moy re, him, will hesltete to hazard tack oy! genera) who has jast pon ate Ho pat revolution and whe } as peri lodged with him the means of excitiog snother. ‘ar-office is the true centre of h politics, and the name of its occupant will be a tower of 31 to that section of the now Ing moderad will probably still continue to p:otect and O'Donnell, too, though one Parr ly a soldier, to bave any for management ne politi al assemblies, bas a decided advantage over Expartero in prowptness and vigor of action: and be may possibly be able ta save the rew ment fiom a clase of daogers which the , to judge from former experience, ia not exactly fitted to cope with. In the Cortes, Es; ro be in the highest de influential, while O'Donrell will robably be loc upon as little better than a pub ic enemy; but in the streets and at the rear of bay ricacea—where the cabinet will have, we tear, to fight out some of its patton battles—the conguer- er of the Queen-Mother will be tbe first the Ministers. On the whole, the Vee cest Mine hope for the acceptance of this post ‘by O'Donnell ; for it will be one great towards the disentan- eri hd pasts Wa nen ei wt " an appeal to universal suf- frage Pecueced ons, it would be time snd trouble wasted to guess at tesult; ‘bat if any more ra- tional plan finds faver with Baja tero, and satisfies the populace of Madrid, the elevation of O'Donnell to the command of the Spsnish armies opens very fair prospe:ts of a successful return to constitutional government. By yerine the moderados from Ee sect apprehension, it will eacourage them to take part in the coming election, and the new Cortes will justly reflect the real shades of prevailing in tte country. The sppeal to the popular voice, which gexerally follows these continental revo- lotiens, has rarely been more than a mockery, inas- much as the paral of defeat and the fear of re- prisels have usually neutralised the politcal feeling peculiar to the party first worsted, or have even caused it to teke color with the views of its successful antagonists. An exclusively pro- gressista parliament would be imolacably severe acd upreasonably suspicious, and would probably end in turping the bulk of the moderados into con: spirators or traitors. But there is now a singu- larly goed poo rst for gettwg at the real sentiments of the Spxnish people. Although the overthrew of the Ixte government has hitberto seemed to redound to the exclusive profit of a single faction, there’ would be no difficulty in giving it ano-ber complexion; for Queen Cnristina’s crea- tures were not promoted by her for their liberalism or conservatism, but simply for their usefulness to herself. The best theory of the recent events would construe them as amounting to the vi-t f the nation over @ tyranny of stockjobbers. As matter of fact, whole sec‘ione of the Spanish conservatives have been as contumeliously and op- pressively treated by Christina as were the pro- gressistas; and there is nothing to prevent the enthe party from identifyi: if with these, and eo putting in an effectual claim to an equitable rey of administrative and representative privi- eRe R, labor and responsibility must have awaited the Duke of Victory immediceaty after the brilliant ovation with which be was honored on his entrance into the capital. One of his first duties would be to secure the safe retreat of the Queen Mother to Portugal or France. She cannot remain in con- cealment within her daughter’s palace, and yet it will be some time before the ceneral excitement will have cooled down sufficiently to leave the route clear for her journey tothe frontier. Espartero’s honor is concerned, however, in saving her from in- sult or outrage. A still more pressing necessity will force him to address himself to the re-organization rane ce d turing He acl te cterks by the ly disarrange g iy sveeping decrees of the junta of Madrid. Bus no doubt grand difficnity of the new ruler will have to be encountered in dealing with the unruly temper of the populace in the large cities, and in stemming the dangerous current of fecling which has set in, perbape unavoidably, against every form of industrial exterprise. There appears reason to hope that the Madrid junta will not place any diffi- culty in the way of the re establishment of legitimate authority; but even reason to if resistance should be ventured on ty some of these ephemeral bodics,the fact will ‘be Jess serious than other symptoms which are attested, we are sorry to say, by most trast wor thy evidence. The movement of the operatives in Barcelona, against the employment of machinery in manvfactories, and the weak compliance of the cap- twin general with their demande—circumstances not without significance, whem taken by themselves— corres} , We are afraid, with tendencies which exist in a)] parts of Spain, and in the capital ,more thon avywhere else. There is much reason to fear that the great works commenced under Christana’s patronage are everywhere unpopular, and that there is a strong disposition, on the part of liberal politi- cians, to fall'n with the general prejudice. Espar- ter> himself ia, indeed, known to be indalgent neith- er {o the error of the vulgar nor to the subservience of the political leaders; but the pressure exerted on h’m by the enemies of indastry will be excessively formidab e, seconded as they are, not more by pozu- ler igvorance than by the scandal cf the Queen Mothe:'s jots. This feeling against the higher class of commercial andertakings isthe most unfortanate legacy which Christana could bequeath to Spain. ere is no country in the world which is so plainly kept in the rear of civilization by the want of its ma- terial helps; and itis these very appliances which she hes diccredited by her patronage, just as their uses and their practicability were proved to the Spavieh peopie. firm the Paria Union, Anges 5) What fate is now reterved to Bpa in? This is what is asked with increased anxiety by all those who, like ourselves, feel strong interest and found sympathy for that unfortunate country. Kspartero has arrived at Madrid, snd a ministry has been con- stituted under his authority. = ded, ard at this moment at least the blood of this apparent calm cance illusion—it it ieee jee and great trials — it w' e painful experience convulsions—the hazards and inci the combat contain at times fewer perils; and the horrors of the battle, which we curse more than any at present fe Bay tery | | war has ceased to flow. Let not, however, | of the native. one, are not often so redoubtable as the day follow- | ing certain victories. Let us Jeave, then, to the tri- umphant Jie fhemncd and to the heroes of the bar- ricades, their feyezish enthusiasm and the intoxica- tion of success; let us leave the sad parades of de- light of which revolutions are so neon and of which the natural effervescence of Spanish cha- racter further sugmenta the strange epectacle. Let us go to the bottom of things, and, without endea- yoring to explain a fatare which is the secr et of Pro- vidence, Jet us take as exact an account as possible of the present situation. The insurrection owes its pore and success principally to two causes—the tility of public opinion to the government pre- sided over by Count San Luis, and, in presence of the abstention of the pure monarchical party, the union of the moderate liberals represented by O'Donnell, of the progressists, of whom Faparte: wi TO is the chief, and of the republicans, who, too weak to do any thing alone, have thrown themeelves into the movement with the view of profiting by it at a later period. As to the animadversion excited by the late Mi it was general. Whatever com- misseration may be felt for the exiled or fugitive chiefs of the Cabinet, we cannot refrain from say- ing that, though raiced to by the revolution, they attempted to be unfaithfal to it; they dreamed of exercisir.g atbitrar: without having the force to impose it. Their false position natarally led to their overthrow. Add to it their scandalous procet diogs, their frauds, their attempta at violence, their sqasndering of the publie fortanc—evidently, gact an admiristration could not last, and it has | fal’en ber cath the united blows of the other revoln- ticpe1y factions. And now the important question is, what will the conquerors do? And fixst of all, we must atk if respect for royalty, which ha: alreedy greatly declined, can gain by th’s last com- moticn? Who does not kaow that the preceding Cabinet had pay forward in ita baffled plana the bd of 1 be Crown . oar oer we = lived the possessor aking in acts of an entrely opr ee. character, BT" aimee can be expected be produced on the populations ? What prestige remains to the majesty of the throne which is thus compromised? And what is there surprising that the idea of declaring that the Queen has forfeited the crown should have throngh certain minds? So true is it that the essenticl conditions of authority cannot with impunity be ercroachbed on, and that the revolation knowa how to enlarge with a cruel power of destrac- tion andiuin the breaches: made in fundamental privcipies, by no matter what hands. In the teccnd place, what will become of the present un- derstending between.the ag ves? United to cyertbrow, will they remain united to m? Already (ces the composition of the new 5 by giving a place toa ntative of each party, prove the divisions and force of those whom it 1s pre’ended to cencillate. Kapartero, in spite of bis popularity ard of his great pretensions, has been chligcd to accept men of other parties than his own, frcm the moderate O'Donnell up to the i Now we krow what comes to with ‘ances of the moment. Every one devetpen his line and foilows bis tendency. The jot, which is fcr scme time anderhand and unperceived, eecks support out of doors, and breaks out oe tensib'y. What srm will be the strongest? A ro ore can Fay; bat what the most Ss eae Se eaanar har He onism. Have ——— ‘alrea: wnen kta? Does not the decree of Barcelona iret machizes indicate the presence ich we kaow by ita works’ Dove not i Smith, in attempting to meke a ees eater | or twelve miles Shove Greytown, came in contact | ate ; di v Conte ti coe | ca etigeae luring the altercation which took ronst tke them into acount. They are at least ti mente of disorder, attack, and anarchy, and 690n- ex or later thie redoubtable question muse be put— Who will repreesth:m? Sach are the compli advns which nt themselves ¢o the government of the Doke ge la Vittorie at ts very début. But above Ly. Lecked or delayed, but they will inevitab'y arrive at the day and hour fixed by Providence. Order caunot arise from disorder; | autbolty capnot be established by insurrection. There is no Cr mpoca to be made with anarchy. and to escape the revolution, it must be broken off Tmo ‘ite teritte rights, ona ad ple from sb, some its terible rights, and people from abyss toabyes. Spain should know that well—she w 10, daring forty years, has been plunged into such «ru- el and sterile agitations. May the new experience imy ceed oa Ler profit her, and bring her back defini- tively to the fuzdamental conditions of order, jas- tice, and peacs. The Destruction of San Jaan de Nicaragua in an English Point of View. {trom the Liverpool Tumes, Ang. 8.] For months the eyes of the civilized world have been turned with borror and consternation to tue east and north of Europe. From the land of tie Muscoyite, and from the mer. iless exploits of an ia- human despotism, we bave been anticipating re- te of wholesale destruction and desolation. We Eove been waiting in breathless auxiety to record the dcwnfal of mighty foriresses raised against the intercovree of vations and the world-wide freedom of commerce. The enlightenment and civilization of Europe bave almost t:rown aside the most solemn injunctions of Christianity in order to rea- cue millions of beings from the sword of a tyraat ano the by; professor of an “ orthodox” rel'gion. e prayers of England and France fol- low their sons ina mighty contest which is to de- cide the liberties of mankind and the fate of the whole scheme of man’s political regeneration and advancement, Such acause is worthy of the two great nations whose standards now float in the face of modern barbarism in the Black Sea aod the Baltic, end Christendom will be found to rejoice in the triumph of their arms, In this age of great exploits, a contemptible, cowardly act must brand even the greatest nations of tke earth with a degree of reckleas intolerance and cruelty which we hoped was confined to the remsicing despotisms of Europe. We little thought that the land of the Penns, the Washiag- tons, the Franklins, and the Jacksous, contained men who would be capable of re-enacting the tragedy of Sinope, or who, like the Czar, would reduce a town to ashes because it refused tocompl7 with a forced demand for the immediate ment of a sum of morey. Bat the United States have done this. They have claimed and exercised the rights of sovereignty over the town or rovince of San Juan de Nicaragua from the 6th day of April, 1851, up to the present hour. They had given it a coustitation, and it was sorerued by a aca council composed of merican citizens, England had ceased to enforce either her own claims or those of the King of Mos- quitto to San Juan, or Greytown, aa it was named b the English in 1848, The Americana were in fc poseession of their newly acquired city, but they appear to have been on Of tne fast, and the therefore levy a fine of 20,000 dollars on an Ameri- can city, aud because it was not aud an apology made within three minutes of the ap; hour, Juan was laid in ashes. It is fortanate that a nation full of power and endowed with tase for all the purposes of nationality should have be- come the victim of that wi.kedness and cruelty which was meant to haye falien on the heads of others. The attempted slaughter and desolation Topeloypecpls of Nicaragea, Bet foranaly i people of Nicaragua. But G fe vag diab 1g to the de- prvi and humanity is left to bi more at the ction done by government to its own people than to mourn over the ap; hter waich a mighty State had pide cere aoryery civilised and defencelesa nation. Tho burning of San Juan de Nicar to have orignated in a misunderstan: the government of Greytown aud the Nicaragua Transit Company. Toe latter, in fact, refui to recognise the government composed of United States citizens exercising the full rights of sovereignty. This refusal of the wea inc lead to © nilaual difficulties with the sutoorities and the pecple, and a bitter feeling was asic created on rll sides, and reprisals of the mos: disgraceful character ensned. In the course of these lawless proceedings, the Transit Company claimed an indemni:y of 20.000 dollars, which was confirmed jue a] TS between | by the United Statea governnenf. It appears, tl however, from the statements now made, that conduct of the company was by no means less vio- lent or sgareasive a that waich would have been followed by a Russian butcher on the Dannbe, or an Austrian hero on the mooring grounds at Buda, Hetaers the Sen tans vet tears pasmtones © juan river to cari rs ing to and from the States to California, tothe lew York steamers on the Atlantic side, and one of those steamers—the Routh— commanded by Captain with a bongo, when some worda native levelled his gun at Captain Smith, ut did not fire; this ended ths outrage on the art the of Mr. Borland, the United States Minister to Central America, the captain escaped. In the evening of the same éay, a second was made to arrest C Bmith This in the streets, and a scuffle ensued, in which Mr. Borland was struck in the face qith a fi nt of @ bottle. This is the accourt given by the ican papers of the cause of this uncalled for and diaboli- es hee | Sua e toasiet Sag pe ts which too many are so fond “ot enconragi , when they find ri or even enemies commit al excess which is likely eae @ blot upon ‘helt fame, or to tarnish the perfection of their institutions. But we must cay that the burning of a paltry town for such an sbeurd insult to the American flag, or to enforce the payment of such s trifling sum as 20,000 dollars, is one of the most disgracefol evente that could have occurred in the nineteenth contury. It hes but cne parallel in modern history, and that is the announcement of the ratification of a treaty between the United States and Rassia, ia which the Czar’s charge doffairdat Washington and Mr. Franklin Pierce's Cubinet of the United States, mutually bind them: selves to perfect neutrslity in the present war! The neutrality of the States, pending the contest in which Fogland is engaged with despo'ism, has been naturally and constatcntly anticipated; but tt never has been humbly solicited, nor will it be mawkishly craved. If a rence of honor, an abhor- rence of tyranny, and a love of universal ‘reedom, ¢ ig gre sh the States, and keep her witnin the wale of political rectitaze and common morality, Mngland would bo better with her open hostility than she is with friendship cloaking » diplomatic spirit which exposes her states ip to the coa- tempt and ridicule of every free nation on the earth. ‘The ratification of treaties with Eagland, and t¢ burning cf unarmed towns, ars events which will redoutd to the exclusive horor ef the Piercs Cabi- net; and since wo find that it is the fate of all con- stitutional countries to be burthened for a time with governments who neither represent the iatelli- gence, spirit or opinions of the People, we can ¢x- cuse America for tolera:ing an Aberdccu Cabinet at Washington. . America must have her learned Thane as well! as Fogland. But we q if a kilted President would be considered a moraliat, or a docorous eyssen to fill the Presidential chair of the Union. at gag of America, like that of Hagiand—we are Riemtgraieierie, ered ane ‘our times than is to be . Deiter ee Cy D iny er legislature; ar. barat of jignation, which the destruction of San Juan has drawa from the American prees, is a guarantee to the rest of the bint that teen yg or Rimes its govern- ment may commit, the press to it in the name of the American people, mde bal it up to the ridicu’e of the whole world. may, therefore, safely leave Mr. Pros and hia two great last efforts olomacy and good the bands cf thove who will deal with them an they a0 richly merit, game id enpoly and thug antic Ia:d monopoly oan tailed, the latter su 5 more Rettig Se purposes of our men than per! hereditary fit of Australian freedom, nearly @ century after the date of its being a vile tery abortion ia Canada. fonlest spirit of toryism—all those principles which render its very Leper organics atthe present day soupte commpesene in ee " fa Haglond 6 to repreduce 1) sea of a ia En allat aes op the virgin soil of Canada. To per- petuate whatever monopoly and class dom‘nation were found already in existence, this enactm>nt ordeined an hereditary peerage; and to Ta se up am Established Courch, it created a new and a vast Jand monopoly. The nctorious Clergy Reserves were: the forncation of the new established church, one- seventh of the public tands were appropriated te this hvge canse of religious rancor an cal strife smongst the colonists ; and the enace- ment wag even toa extent retrospective. Upon the erection of every township or parish a reserve of one-seventh was mide, besides an equivalont¢ therein or elsewhere of one-seventn for settiemeats made previous to the passing of the act. Millions of acres were thus appropriated. It would be le our purpose to write a narra- tive of the sectarian quarrels produced by thia dis- position of the pene domain, Wailst all merely claimed a participation in the Li pad the assaults upen the vested interest were not very formidable. As & ber to the progress of colorization it was anoth- er question. Asa monopoly usurping a larg: par tion of the public lands it became a grievance more intolerable than even when the colonists, after the (ried! ee of the United States, acquired 2 comcep- tion of the principles of a more liberal }2nd 8: Concessions then began to be made to tie public de- marde. The reserves were stript in ono year of 100- 000 acres which were sold for the yurs08e of eres. aot ing the public clamcr. But te psople were ni be bribed out of their full rig They did want land so much as they wanted a new land sys- fem. One seventh of the lacd was not matter of life or death where many times that quantity still remaiued propriated. ‘Ihey wanted the right to relo:'t for themselves, tv institute whatever price they thought fit; and tho coccesaion of 100,000 acres wee only-evidence of te retention of the main bul of the property. By an enactment vi.tifled by the Imperial Parlte- ment, the of revoking the reserves was at laat conceded to the («mand of the colonise, and ever whilst the power bas not been yet fully exercised, the new and cheap Jand system to which we have alrea¢y alluded is eating the heart out of tho old We have supplied one of Mr- Wentworth’ re- markable jons when that single-minded coa- stiintion maker took the Tory-rigden Canada of 1791 for the modern Caneda of 1853, He and his friends bave already oppressed the colony wita a more enormous and more strit poly tha the old Tory administration futlicted upon Cacada. Instead of one-seventh, the squatters have got the whole public lands in their almost exclasive ooca ‘tion. We have only to follow the precedent of pat thelr own selection for # suitable means of redress. Te opened for sale, an the monopoles yiclaod is Ope! for , a8 Canada, instead of the patches that are surveyed in out-of-the-way localities, still the ovio- nists cf New South Wales would have the same rex som and more to insist upon their unolimked Tight of sel for themselves, and of institating aaa ecttaeS cette lah Aber tunkiass opposition ris i juat are Jeaceho!ders, and helt anes ar at Do avail a: the agriculturist, according to the authcrity of the Duke of Newcastle. The rule of limiting the purchase of the land in every instance in proportion to twe extent of ite cul- tivation is en example of public economy which it will be particularly necessary to enforce bere the receding footsteps of our monopoly. For with- out this, a reduction of the pri‘e cf land would only convert squat into the ion of the feo sia- pe Bat by this means the natural barrier would drawn between squatting and agrivultare. Asve pereon would ipenchane fertile and arid Jand undes condition of forfeiting all, unless a certain per cent- age of it all were it under cultivation it, would tc that the fertile lands would fall to pi leavizg the remainder to be taken under lease, a3 present, for the use to which it is peculiarly adapted. ‘The Censas of Great Britain of 1851. TRE AGES, CIVIL CONDITION, AND OCCUPATIONS OF THR PEOPLE. The official ‘ion tables of the census of Morch 31st, 1851, are at length completed by the re- cent publication of two bulky folio volames, fall of tables in small ype; and figures, setting forth the one. civil cond! 7 poten npn and holaces of the people; with the number and ages of the blind, the deaf and dumb, and the inmates of workhouses, Prisons, tnnatic asylums, and hospitals.” These volomes are illustrated by an devised and coloréd map, showing the 4: occupations of of Great Britain, hg bv | cs by an elaborate ‘Yeport (pp. oxx. signed George Grekan, registrar, (00 seas ie ‘gene! Farr and Menn, bis assistants in the matter of the census, We shal select a few of the most striking passages from this report:— Tn 1821 and 1831, the number of males under 20 years of eze, and the number of 20 ars of age and sreeree, were nearly equal, and t! fe pote nalon nce been re; jed ag invariable, or it has been as- somed that the males of the ages of 20 and upwarde are equal in number to one-fourth of the whole po- pulation. The census of 1851 reveals a very different state of things; for.even if the srmay, DAVY; and merchant seamen abroad are omitted, the males im Great Britain of 20 years of age nnd up Ci'r7a 18) $y Gouda "OF ihe 1k Asa SO pe iD ry 5 vee in 1821, 6,981,068 were under 20 eae oF and 441,733 were 20 years of age and upwards; while of the 21,185,010 living in 1861, the numbers under 20 years of age were 9,583,11: and numbers of the age of years and upwards were 11,626,996. The nomber of the population of the age of 20 and up- wards in 1851 excecda tie number under the age of 20 by 2,068,782. If it b> assumed that the ration under the age of 10 yeas, and the great bulk of the Eastained by the industry of tho popetation ing suet y u: o! yu the middle periods of 1 extending from tae of 60, it will follow that infl821 the 6,367. 991 persons ofjthe two middle ages sustained 4,356, 166 children and old persons, or 68 per cent of own numbers; while in 1851, only 5,797,295 ineffes eastained by 10, tives by age (67 cent 200 of the. afccive:popalato iy teaee facta, the strength of the nation has increased faater then its numbezs. The chance of Itving acai e iS aby 4 from birth to the of 14 or 5; Wt decreases to the ago of 55-8, at a alightly acce~ ierating rate, after which the vitality uae much more rapid rate. The numbers living at the eredim tine vhere the: vialiy 4 ‘ime reprodutive age, wi wears slowly) {#6,664,781 males, 5,963,111 The ages AFC anes of the after 55, are 997,626 males a Wy empee Great Britain in penta tained ouckiings anes Saereey infants (1-5 yeare) 2,166, children (6 10 TAsG,000 e108 ate 903; girls years) 1,114,882; (16 20 years) maidens (15 the age of 8¢—conse quent]; age or 20; 46,176 Af ; 90 618 never see never attain the age bay the avera ive i i i i Ha] Fil EF Hike : Hi i Hi E BE pgp ih §, 4. One ea ax . eltbongh tho births and saovtality In Geet were romain etatioustyy the popclation will ga rr — —