The New York Herald Newspaper, July 16, 1854, Page 6

THE JAPAN EMPIRE. Ms Intercourse with the Western Woskh @f late years, until the spirited movement of cur gevernment, Japan was, a8 a nation, literally sever- 2 from al! others of the world, and that, as the past Bistory of her intercourse with Europeans will show, ‘mst so much from a desire of exchusiveness, as to protect herself and people from annoyance and in- walt. The Japanese are a people enlightened, free and tolerant, and but for the rapacious, intolerant and prideful spirit to be found in the Romis) form ef Christianity, Japan would years ago have been free for the intercourse of the civilized world, and ‘8 thie time perhaps Christianized. This is not too aech to say, when it is considered what a rapid stride the Christian faith mate among her people ‘More than two centuries ago, owing doubtless to the glare and glitter of the Romish ceremonials, rather ‘than to the interior truth inherent im the religion of Shrist. ¥rom thie paper will be gleaned, as fax as Earo- pean intercourse goes, the past of Japan. ‘Phe islands which constitute the Empire of Japan extend from the 31st to 42d degree north lat., and fom the 157th to the 175th degree east long., and Be im the very heart of the temperate sone. The pesition they occupy is a commanding one on the eastern side of the continent of Asia, The main felands which compose the empire are three im wamber, besides which there are many others, form- ‘ing the merest point of rocks. Toe seas in which ‘they lie are stormy, and subject to sudden alterna ‘hens in the weather, which, together with the po- @itions of thie islanis, make tue navigation of her eoasta bighiy dengerous. tLe Japanese are a bighly indostrious nation, @arrying the cultivation of the soil to the water’s edge, terraclug tie sides of tae mountaina, and con- werting the barrepness of the naturally sterile height imto hanging gardens, and making a smiling para @ieo wheie erst desolation frowned ia the gloomy majesty of its terrors. The first knowledge the nations of the west ac- quired of these isiands, was (rom the deseriptions of Mareéo Polo, a Venetian, who, in the thirteenth cen- tury, after traversing the steppes of Asia and the deserts of Mongolia, found a home and a weloome with the Chinese, in the service of the Tartar, Kublai Itig im hia record of China that an inci- dental mention is made of them. The Partar, fired Dy the lust of conquest—his hordes having already subjected China to his rule—cast his eyes wita qmeedy desiresupon the adjacent islands. Por the purpose of subjugating them he fitted out a power- Pal fleet. The storms of the coasts and the intrepid sonduct of the natives foiled the enterprise. With the chronicle of their triumph Japan was again blotted out for three centuries from the mind of the western world. . Wn 1542, Ferdinand Mendez Pinto, a Portagnese, wes by astorm driven upon the coast of Buogo. He returneé to Europe, and spoke of the wealth ation, painting the mag- mideence of her poovle end the riches of the coun- My, exciting the cupidity and veal of the Romish ebureh, then swayed by the Je-uits. The desires of procelyticm obecured the danger of the mission, and it was dotermined to bring these magnificent barbarians into the foid of the jamb, and make her awiches flow into the iap of mother exurch. Francia Xavier, nemed, par de of the indies, set out with a train of priests, end was received with distinction by the Baperor Permission was given to the Jesuits to Propagate their creed—the Hmperor, in the true @pirit of toleration, granting the permission, saying that one more religion was immaterial, when ale wy ‘Thirty-two others flourished amongst them. It is aid that upwards of a million of converte quickly wewaided the labors of the @hristian religion became fashionable, ani it was whispered that the Emperor himself was not un- tainted by the new faith. Phe Jesuits haviag formed, or found, a lew doterpreters, wrote out Lbeir sermons ia faie Roman sharacters, alter getting them translated, and thas ‘they were delivered to tivir congregations, withous themselves (the priests) Knowing a word of what the interpreters had trath- was delivered to them. of the pronunciation, were usually convulsed with langhter, and to con- wole the preachers for the ridic Ihad evoked, professed to ac this the good fathers Deing their present object. wealthy and influential noble mon, including several princes, enrolled them-elves as Christians, aod with the wal of new converts gated by their teachers—spread the new faith over the country, attacking the creeds of the 011 faith. An il-timed annoyance overset the proad siracture waich appeared within the @harch. Bishops were elec with their importance, and did here a3 they had doue in the Western world. The incompatible with the lowly tenets they professed ta teach, and considered themelyes equa! to noble men of the highest grade, d Yaries of society, and tresting wi.a contempt che etiquette of rank It was customary for the governors of pov laces, and princes, to make an annual visit to t Yedo, or Jeddo, ana on & % was customary for all persons of inferior rank, whether clergy or luity, natives or stra meeting there diguit: eend in token of respect; or if on foot, to eertain forms of obcisance. Haman Bebop and power of the new exvellence, the Apos- Shey otter: d, or whetly fally rendered that « le their exhibition Nambors of the most perhaps secretly insti- sp of the Romish ho became inflxted assumed a position isregarding the form i- pocasion of th se visits. nors encountered the palanguin , WHO, instead of 60! ‘emom, haugntily ordered his be. the country, and treating the returned for he was of vous frieuds at court, peror thie specimen of merous tales, true or false, were poured into the wer, and we feelings of the pow- against the professor of the new I. waa at this time that a saying of Ferdi- Menaez Pinto was raked from the where it had lain. He, in a conversation wit efficial persons, (being cosirons of ninking the pow- er of the King of Spain, in whose servi appear os great as wing the extent of the custo. 0! that rauk—-posseesing before tae Bar priestly arrogance. Bistening cars of erful were turn voasible,) displayed a map. nis king’s territory. “How,” the officer,“‘has your king manage to po wees himself of half the world” ‘The Spaniard re preen pce hk ae over the yOps are despato! who join the ristians, and the conquest is easy oe oom plete.” it but requi . The new religion was looked # fraudulent attew; ini the with traitore 7” MWIOn. 4 “are my dominio: decree was uttered, wid soon was blotted from the existing religions of tip’ otter nations of 1a. of the Jesuits he wis sen’ ah as patra toa by hg iat. Io, bo eoyer, Soins cheveipd Mieself ashore teir somewhat resembliog theee of China, with mats for saila, which were folded up like afan. The hall of the vessel was built of cedar, and strongly con structed, the anchors were of wood, and the ropes » some commercial treaty with the country, and here the crew determined to winter. Other juuks ar-iv- ed, and the number of the Japanese became considerable. When they found that they were in force, they began to treat the Portu- guese with contempt, and committed many ex- cesecs. Upon the assumption that they desired to take the country, the Governor, Andreas sent a number of troops against them. The Jy neve defended the es with great bravery, but being worsted, they took refuge ia two large houses, which, upon their refasal to surrender, Porte- gitese threatened to set fire to. Upon this, numbers of them threw down their arms and were mae pri- soners. One amongst them, it was said, had, during the disturbance, co! & robbery, and he was taken to prison and there . When this event came to the ears of those still in the houses, they determined to hold out. Pessoa then orde: the houses to be set on fire. One of them was fired, and the Japanese, attempting to escape, were snot down to 8 man. The others, in the other house, then surrendered at discretion, The Governor drew up a statement of the affair, which he got his prisoners to testify to, in the hope of release, and sent it with them to the Emperor at Yedo. But, when before their own coun:rymen, they told a very story. They contradicted the statement which had been forwarded by the Portuguese Governor, and threw the wuole on him and his people Undeterred by this untoward proceeding, Pessoa, next year conducted a galleon to Navgaski, the port to which they had been permitted to trade. Difficulties here arose, partly from the massacre of the Japanese at Macoa and partly owing to com- mercial ¢ isagreements, and the King of Arima was despatched to take vengeance upon Pewoa. Pessoa bad an inkling of the intention of the government, but the thirst of gain prevented hia departure ata time when the wiud was favorable. The wind died away, and the King of Arima arrived with his ‘forces. A night was selected, and aa attack made, which was gallantly repulsed by the Porta guese, and the attacking junks were sent scudding ashore, A courier was then despatched to the Em- ror to announce the defeat that the King of Arima fea sustained, and the escape of Pessoa; and an order was isened to massacre every Portuguese in the country, including the missionaries and bishops. How far this orser was executed, did not transpire. Pessoa was still in the port, and a slight bre shortly after springing up, the Portngueze, unforia- nately for themselves, endeavored to avail them: selves of it; bat they again became bacalmed in a narrow strait, where the Japanese could asaail them with advantage. The Kiug of Ariimo, seeing their position, procured two strovg bouts and erected o them a lofty wooden tower, which was covered with green Indes to prevent its taking tire, and farnished at the top with battlements, from behind whica a erpetaal fire could be kept up ou the Portugnese. This wes pushed’against the gallon; and assailins the Portuguese from this vantage ground, the slaughter was immense. At length the ship taking tire, Peesoa ordered the magazine to be exploded. With a crucifix in his haud he leaped in the sea, in- viting his followerato do the same. fhe galieon, with immense riches on board, sunk, and all the unfortunate men who were floating were shot down without mersy. This did not end the intercourse, for upon the humble intercession of the Jesuits and merchants at Macao, the trade was renewed, but all rea! coafi- dence destroyed ; opportunities of reprisal were sought, and retaliations followed. Such was the state of things when Adams, with at difficulty, managed to get hig invitation into fe hands of »n Englishman, named John Saris, who tended at the English factory at Bantam. He went to England and induced some Figlish merchants to fit oat a vessel to Japan, whieh arrived in 1612— (the Dutch had arrived before them); they were weil received, and ¢stablished a factory at Firando. Cap- taia Richard Cocks was the director, Adams assnm- ing the second place, with but a small salary. His desire was to escape, and for that reagon he accept- ed the office. He hoped | yaaa 8 to become mixod with the concerns of the factory,and so be lust sight of at court. Once he conceived himsetf on the point of success, having been seat by the Japanese witha large ship to Siam; but ise was too closely watched by his crew, who had commands to bring tik:n vo dead or alive. He cied ia Japan, never hay ug complished the desire of hia heart—a returu ty ius beloved country. When Captain Saris reached Firando, he sent a messenger to apprive Adams of his arrival. © siting the arrival of Adams, the captain was treated witli great kindness by the anthorities, When Adams came, they then proceeded tothe Eaperor, who granted an advantageons treaty with at Brits Adams used all bis infnence to o Spain. I; waa suggested asa quest that the empire suonld be clevred of they were all ne same reli ns answered: —"' It is true, the found religions are the same ; bnt the Pr reserved thetra in its purity, whilst the Oatholics | ave corrupted theirs in so many points that it now scarcely agrees in any point.” Aud to fix dcmly the distinction, be said:—' The Protestants never make their religion a pretext for ” He succeeded eventnally in making so mpressi ya tit the Emperor rey lied to tl of Exglend, by Capt. Ba To rns Kine or Gaeor Your Majesty's kind let our Majesty's servant is the first Chave kno my dominions. I bea of writing, being not a lit great wisdom avd power, 08 haviug tiree rich mighty kingdoms under your powerfal comm wx acknowledge your Majesty's great bounty in» ond me soundeserved a present of many rich ‘i such as neither my land affordeth, nor haye [ « es -which [ receive, att as from a stranger, rom your Majesty, whom | esteem as mysil: eiving contitwuante of friendship with Mee hi ness, and that it may stand with your good lik: g to send your subjects to auy part or parte of 1 dominions, where they shail be most heartily w come, Ap) rable knowledge of naviga ion, they having witn much facility discovered a country 80 remote, being no whit deterred by the extent of so mighty a gull, Captain Sar © arrive any part § embrace thi» opportan eglad to hear of y Tq S82w monte: or greatness of such infinite clouds or storms, from | prosecuting honorable- enterprises of disnovarics | and merchandizing, wherein they will fiud we r dy to further them according to their desires, I rv turn unto your Majesty a small token of my aitec tion, desiring ri t accept thereof aa from bim who much rejoiceth in your irieudship. And whi cas our Majesty’ssubjecta have desired certain |. ivi- , 8 for trade anc settling of a factory in mj iniona, I have not ‘only granted what they de- manded, but have confirmed the sane unto them under my broad seal, for the bettur establisuing thei eof. From my castle in Serunga, the fourth of the ninth month of the eighteenth year of our ayy. ac: cording to our computation, Resting your Majes- ty's friend. The highest com nander of the kingdom of Japan, ‘Signed ) Mina, Movrrano, Yet Ye Yeas. ye charter granted to the English factory was a9 tollows:— Privileges granted to the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Smith, and others, the honcrable and wor- | adventurers of the ast Indies: — rimis. We give free leave to the subjects of | Great F Britain, namely, Sir Thomas Smith, Govera -r, and company, of the ust Indian merchants and ad- | ventarers, forever, ply tocome into any of our | japan with their ships aud | merchandice, without.any aiadrance to them or "oir | ports of our empire of , ate and to reside, buy, sell and barter according fo their own manner, with all nations, to oontinie —_ #0 long as they think fit, aud to depart at toew ure. Item. We Lore! unto them freejom of custom for all such merchandises as they have now brought, o7 shall bring into our Kingdoms, or shall from hence transport into any foreign port, and lo anthorize those snips which shali hereafter arrive from England, to proceed to frve sale of their com- modities, without turther coming or sendihg up to Europeans shal! be punished by Z to Bis discretion, We charge ana! command that ye, our sab- jects, fraiiog, with thont for any of ir comm >di- nahn wy them for the aame, aevording to the Item. Por auch commodities as thoy have now lrought or hereafter bring, Mt and proper for oar | impriaonment “we.and serviee, oar will ia that po arrest be made thereof; be. that the price ba a sree! with the Gyoe Mare ant. ne they gall to others, ued ares. poy Mixa, Movrrano, Yui Ye Yuas. The intercourse of the English with this people in, suddenly, they riven away, or of eir own will, haa not been clearly shown. Most as the former, for during their between them ; fluence remaining was excited, as also with il th tired of continued for ten ‘itted the emp! jealousy cupidity, one of the fairest markets of the tuen world has remained closed against toa we indus- try fora of more than two years, but which now, uader our auspi to be presented to the civilized The religion which the Jeguite had contnved in #0 odd @ manner to introduce and torments were inflicted u; sors, who appear to have clu! out understanding ite tenets, wit superstitious reverence. ces, ia hkely again iy prnnet. Un- all the tenacity of Cruelty, the most iuge- so well guarded their flock id intrude himself into the fold. After the departare of the Eaylish, the Datch re mained at Firando, whilst the Portuguese were cooped ap in the artificial island of Dezina, in the harbor of Nebraski. They lent. their aid to expel the Portuguese from thence; which done, esteeming themeelyes for the service they had rendered, and 8 growing exacting, they were compelled w y the quarters us Dezima, pation of the Portaguese, an here some of their descendants have remained until » the unmeasured contempt of the na- sy their intrigues hitherto every attempt to open & communication with the empire has failed. f a century, in the reign of quit Firando, and occup formerly in the oc After the japse of balf Charles IJ. an attempt 8 tercourse with Japan. The connection of the King with a Portuguese Princesa was considered a s:ifi- cient ground for refusal, and the English envoy was dismiseed with little show of courte: In 1808 the Photon frizete (Engl igh) entered the aki in quest of fresh harbor of Nan; and water, which were refused. commander, immediately landed a party of Eaghsh who seized what they wanted, which they conveyed on board, to the extreme astonishment of the authoritica. In 1811, the English took forcible possession of poesessions in these ceas—-Java, Sumatra, Molucea. Sit Stamford Natfees, the then governor, attempted to renew the intercours: the force at his disposai waa totally in English, with 2 mistaken poticy, petitioned, instead of commanded, and the consequence was that they were treated asin Eastern nations petitioners usual- ly are—with contempt, for it was belicved they had not power toenforce their demand, judging as the Ja- auese necessarily would, from the position they (the ina, one almost as degraded By the peace of Captain Pelew, the @ with Japan, but inaaaaeate: "The nglish) then held in Chi as thatof the Dutch at Dezima. 1815, the Dutch possessions were restored 4 them. and England lost for the time her ascendancy in those seas. ‘They relinquished for ever, a8 stated in treaty, their claim to ail islands lying south of ore, which, literally construed, would deprive Great Britain of all her acquisitions in the [ndian pelsgo, Austratia, Van New Zealund, The policy of the Dutch has ever been to excite jealousies against every other nation attempting to trade with Japan, and this taey have been enabled for along period to kevp che ports | closed aga‘nst ali other people, Attempts have been continually made, both by the Atericans and the Englisch, to open an Inter sarse t of Ainerica the M >rrisoa and Hemmaleh, on that of the English the Sama- but each was refused. Many ships jonth Seas have, in touching at Ju- pan, met with welcome; still, nothing which indi- cated ® desire for the renewal of Eu course was elicited. Diemsn’s Land, and with Japan. On the The ship, on a single visit, got that which they required, but were cautioned If the ship did return, it was newly painted, and under another name. The traud was winked ut by the coast aandarins, and, by manage- t have made an unnusl trip, and nothing have Wem said,so loug as the crews cou Commander M by oré@er of the Adnnral in comm snd ia the C ieited Japon, and auch ve miles from the capit: g the whole of the way. and was requeste? to using the stay the vessel was surrounded with beats, and along the shore hundreds of boxts wore collected, manned, and armed. fhe true course has been reserved for onr govern ment. A sufficient force was equipped, a cordance with the trae Exstera mode of courtesy was accorded to strength w. have been refused to an insufficient force. | country the honor has been reserved of forcius bar- | barismz to on intercourse with civilization. , | Yantages to be received in the way of couaeres , have yet to be discovered. But tom the products | of the country and its closed ports for years, it '+ not difficult to estimate the bene tits to be derive. ahe Wayittve Slave Case in Montr 10 THE EDITOR OF THR Moxtreat, July 13, 1854. Your correspondent having made a misstatement in his letter pablished in the Huraui, of the 6th inst., I take the liberty of requesting you to publi» enclosed account ,; such portion of Canadians from wishing .o annoy or offé11 our American visitera, We have too much respoct for our American neighbors to even wish tacin any | POLICE COURT—STEPBENS YS. OTT. The defendant was char * Osborne, a colored man, to abandon the er~vie of It appeared ip evidence, was a slave belonging to one Campbe! and was @ first rate horse trainer. found that Osborne was in Canada, incucements were held out for him to return to Kentacky, by offers of getting his freedom, and tuat of his wile and child, at his magter's death, Donegava Hotel, eleven months ago, wrote to Mr. Campbell, that Osborne would return if free were given him, to take effect at Lis death. 6th day of July, defendant being informed by Mr. Daily tat Osberne lived with Mr. Stephens, drove up to Mr. Romeo Ste shen’s house, and sent man into his house by the back way, to whether a black servant named there. He was shown to R. Stephen’s fat) boy, when the cabman again got into the ki ir. Ott then held out inducements of higher | Woges and free papers, to get the bey to desers his , and offered to pay his pasuge to ing told by Osborne that he had $13 75 & month, detendant told him he could get $60 or $70 dollars per month, besides his gaina by betting, and that he was a fool to stay a week for nd that if he would go with him he jim hia free papers as svon as he cot into the States. Defendant tuea, a few times, told O+borne ‘not to mention the conversation to Mr. _ The boy, who had shown defendant plaintia's house, went and told Mrs. 8, ( absent from the city,) and she im son to take proceedings agrinst derendant. Mr. Romeo Stephens, for the prosecution, proved States, and endeavored to buy landing much their worthiness in the adm, | ith eaticing-ene wi a Mr. Daily, of tie master’s em pio; he pleintif &: ine | that he went to the wife and child of Osborne, but found that they had been sold, aud had gone to Missonri. Mr. Daily, of the Donegana Hotel, a witness for ndant, proved that be had met a partner of beli’s in New York, who was a‘ter Oa- the said | and that our laws sball take 00 bold of their persons or their | been clea ed, but i eer et. to show that law bere with impunity, con- , and imprisonment must Plaintiff's connsel, Messrs, Robertaon and Wack, desive ! that detendaet ebur iy a, MOE PHO Uy IW bie Youvery ol bude luL pms withoot delay, or fetorn their wares | be avtas!ly vom Seay yess oo Ls ge HELLY, OUB GUATEMALA COBBASPONDENCS. Guareusns, June 1, 1854. Continuation of the Pronunciamentos for Appointing President Oarrera Perpetual President, with Ex Wwaordinary Powers—The Feeling Existing in Guatemala in Relatim thereto—Scarcity of Corn— The Locusts— Movements in Honduras— The Ex- pedition Against Nicaragua—Affairs of Saa Salvador— Treaty between Mexico and Guatemala —The Crops. Since my last letter to you pronunciamentes have continued to be made im other towns and depart- ments of this republic, (7) in favor of msking Presi- dent Rafael Carrera perpetual President, and grant- ing him those extraordinary powers before men- tioned. There appears, however, to be a difference of opinion in some of the departments as to the ex- tent of these powers—some being anxious not to confer too much at once, whilet others seem deter- mined to give him a pover and aathority in the country greater than that pospaased by the head of any civilized nation on earth. * In thie state of affairs, of course public atten- tion has been greatly excited to aacertain what steps would be taken in this city. About the I8th ult. it became known that the municipal and other authorities intended to take some action in the premises; and asit would appear, to prevent any undue influeace, the President took his departure to an estate of his on the Pacific ooast. At the meeeaee of the municipal officers nothing definite could be agreed—they are eleven in nuni- peed ee ee a eee to, and several opposed to it. Notwithstanding this feeling, on Tuesday, the 234 ult., the promanciu- mento was mude, aad signed by about two haadred Indians, (of whom I am not aware that one belongs to this city,) some of tse clergy, bat few of the citi- zens, aaate some of the authorities, but notin their offisial capacities. Indeed, it is cénfidently stated, and I have good reason to believe it, that if is had not been for the exertions and influence of Minisier Aycinena, the whole afluir would have been a sorry business. A kind of procession was got up, which proceeded to the cathedral, where tne Te Ucum wassuog. The official Gazette, of this city, gives quite a different version to the affair, but the ac- count I now give you is the true one. Of course its publication will give great offence to the editor of that journal; but, as that gentleman appears to de- light publishing everytl 1 pee posibly can that villifies the United States and insults its citizens— even when the statements so publisted are known to be untrne—he must not complain when he finds the Hena.p publishing truths in regard tu his coun- try he dare not give utterance to, A good deal of fevling has been created here against the people of the United States by the lettera of a gentleman re- siding in New York, but wao dates his letters from Washington. I presume he thinks that he hasa right to write what he pleases for publication in the Gazate here—a priviloge which I certainly have the same right to possess, and which I shall cer- tainly exercise. The ra 8 of the locusts continue, and the scarcity of flour, corn, &c., is unabated. Govern- ment has issned a circular addressed to the various | departments, requiring information as to the pros pect of the new crop, the quantity of grain of va- rious kinds on hand, the amount of damage done | by the oats and whether they appear to be in: | or creasin; jecreasing in the various localities where they are now ravaging. The prices of all kinds of grain continue the same as quoted ina | former letter. From Honduras we learn here that the attempts | of the Guardiole party to oust Cabanas from tie | Presidency have entirely failed, and several of those concernea in the movement have been shot. How far the government of Guatemala ia responsible for this matter as yet remains a secret; but as it is well known that Guardiola sought assistance, that he af- | terwards proceeded to Chiquimuia, and sul nent]. crossed the frontier in company with Guatguattes troops, the aflair, to say the least, lcoka suspicious. | Ramors, too, are current of a large forve of Ameri- cans being about to concentrate in Omoa, to aid Honduras in the exieting war with Guatemala. If this should prove true, we may expect hot work ere Jong; for, under such circumstances, there are numbers here who would avail themseives of the opportunity to test the stability and prowess of the | present government. The persons exiled from Nicaragua by Chomorro, | and who took refuge in Honduras, have organized an expedition with a view ol, it possible, overthrow- ing tle exicting ument ia Nicaragua. The expedition, cuusisting of: one schooner and three bungos—number of men not known—sailed trom the bay of Conhagus, and made a descent and seized upon Reclejo. At our latest advices it was eaid teat they wese marcling upon Leon. As yet nothing detinite bas beea done in regard to locating a new capital for the State of San Satva- dor. The seat of government ia at present at Coju tepeque, though many families have retarned to the ruins of their former homes in the city, until some- thing definite is arranzed. fie greatest distress atill prevails, although every thing possible is de- i ne to aljeviate it. T ‘sum sent from this. is about $11,000. Subscriptions are still golng on, aud a considerable addition will no doubs be ade to this sum. The long-pending question of the right to the de- partment of \Loconusco—foreibly wrested from Guatemala by Mexico in 1643—has just been set- | tled. A treaty nas been completed between the two govcruments, hy which Guatemala cedes to Mexico all her right and title in Loconasco, and her claims upon Chiapas, for the sum of $420,000, paya- ble in four instalments, oud within a limited time. The cochineal crop this year has beea moat favor able, and it is presumed wiil make up the | losses eustaived by its cultivators for the failures of the last three years. The other crope will all fall | short of the average, owing to the locust. J. FP. Gayaretti, Esq., formerly Secretary of Capt. Wright's Pacific Steamship Company, and well | kuown in New York, has bean appointed Consal General for Guatemala, at_ Belize; and on his ap- jintment being approved of by her Majesty's | pol iS app Xie deat Bas | ir. Gavaretti’s gentlemanly demeanor has made ; vernment, he will proceed to him a general favorite wherever he has been, and I Les no doubt will render him equally 9 in his new psition. Pethe rainy season is just commencing, and there is every appearance of its being a pretty wet one, Tas RAMBLur. Onr Virginia Correspondence. Norrore, July 12, 1854. Election of Commonwealth Attorney at Norfoth-- The Candidates und the Supporters—Kaow Nothingism—The Weather and Crops, The election for Commopgvealth’s Attorney cane off on Monday, which resulted in the defeat of H. Robertson, Esq. Mx. Robertson was appointed by Judge Baker temporary attorney for the present Court, in consequence of W. T. Hendren’s resigns- tion, occasioned by his election to the office of Sheriff, by that bubble of explosive matter, ‘Know Nothingism.” The defeated gentleman is # main: f fine attainments, well capacitated for the office, having every qnalitication requisite todo honor to he position. His successful opponent, P. P. Mayy, was supported by the patriotic organization of alien destroyers, he having received their entire strength, and in consequesce of their unlimited exertions, which exclusively would have proved abortive, aud eft them in a minority truly souring to their stom: achs, aud which would have rendered their internal appurtenances incapable of digestion. Mr. id could not bave been elected by the bubhle, . in pendent of ontaiders, because the organization is not sn pig any ed elect any one unaided. That which is looked upon ag a Know Nothing victory in this cily is not attributed to the strength of the party; but by a system of machinations, intrigue and complication they are snecesaful. Kuow Nothin, is rapidly on the decline here, as will be seen by the resalt, Mayo’s ty being sixty-nine, afver all their boasted pa ietind tions a1 io. This anti-constitutional party nnot stand , and in a very short time that career, and be consign: the tomb. Its hydra be: will be shorn of ita venom, and the last vestige of it fall into a perfect state of Th consequence of so much rain, we have it quite | in today's paper will be ver clothing. | Jacob cool, producing a demand for winter the plentiful supply of we have had ‘The crops in this are in 8 pr coun con. |, wes ea, in seed and towards aus Sake peat of SA yak lately makes the corn crack and pop like the cork of shal a champagne ’ {MPROVEMENT. Lire Lost is Savino TRE Lire op Aworner Finascerans—The Cincinnati Commercial of Fy nam Ra pat Sr Teceived a ed ma, ») Yesterday, which states an Castiomnset rave high tx that vicinity, the Oul and that companies of riflemen were being form in various perta of toe State, 1,200 volontecra hav- ing already been raleed. Tho mames of aevorat ori- ™ K nant and waolthy ing are metone! oe ed, after experience has shown that it is | the condition of the province and of ita population. a very considerable majority of the House of have been pruden' oe which was Cet admitted to in- volve Uy an objectionable memters, Lord course, receive the sup} ment exactly as it woul da bas, however, de adi to his view, and, refusing to ign ae fosecke of hie iJ very, supports the government in giving the colo- | nis smiesion to decide, ux: lue restrictions, on the form of their dorseetic ask 2 discussion of yesterday e should lead to a | pemrat on i Sou i (Mar! ace vi » q who, like the ex-Premier, our d- dia lex coercion, and those who, with Lora Bites, bo. ough, look upon a total separation as the great object to which our legis'ation should be directed; but asthe last named noble Jord has not judged it py mend to repeat the theory which he enan: a fornight ago, we are spared the necessity of cun- trasting bis opinions witn those on which oppo- sition te the ministerial measure has been tested. Lord Derby’s objections, when close! Till bo teen fo possess exceedingly little ores It may, no doubt, be fectly true that in 1840 Bnglis stateamen were Seeced as give the old sys- tem a farther ae it may have been hoy that the union of its working more successfully than had been the two provinces would to cage in previous sPere Nor, perhaps, would it to endanger the success of an some hazard by associating with it other changes, which, inthe then state of the colony, | might have proved injarious rather than beneficia!. In the fourteen years, however, which have since passed, a great has been accomplished, and a at deal has been learned by all who have not en unwilling to be tanght. Lord Dany refers to the time when he accepted office as Colonial Secretary under Sir Robert Peel's administration; and he might, perhaps, have recol- lected that, even in the short interval which had then elapsed since the passing of the Union Act, “ Responsible Government,” odious as the phrase may be, had been so firmly established in Canada as to compel his acquiescence in the results to which it led, adverse aa they were to his personal predilections. Confidence, though partial or tem- porary, when once given to a people, cannot be Cpr eae and even the most eckinns leader of Opposition would scarcely venture, at the pre- sent day, to recommend a return to th which, in earlier times, the affairs of the Crown colonies were administered, Between a retrograde and a progressive course there ia no practicable me- dium; and if our distant dependencies were really tainted by the wild spirit of democracy which Derby most unjustly attributes to them, the surest way of bringing them to asounder “aah agli would be the demonstration afforded by the Imperial Legislature of the extent -to which liberty and | allegiance, the rights of the the crown, sre compatible under the constitution of our ee At ho. Paper period of our his- tory have the oy: population to the sovereign been so sincere and so firmly rooted as they are at this moment; and the only question is whether, by permitting them to reiorm institutions obviously defective, we shall wpe ot eteatrattis ee _ on ait gratitude and affection. rr rby aecides in the negative; but tho ‘Ministers have wise é view, and the House of Lords has sanction judgment. Jt will be seen that a large Pioparsion of the ob- | Jections urged yesterday even! against the bill now in its progress through Parlia- ment, but against the enactment proposed by the Canadien Assembly. There ia, however, no ground for supposing that all the which Jast year received the approbation of the As- | sembly will ever become the law of the colony; and one ct the reasorsetaied by the Duke of Newcastle, in his able speech on the second reading of the pre- sent bill, as having induced him to propose an ena- | bling act, instead of adopting at before him, was the desirableness of leaving the | question open to the further and more mature | consideration of the provincial Legislature. Should Jan ultimately pass the Lower | House, it will, of cuurse, be open to the Upper | Chan:ber to amend or to reject it; and in por ap thet the only course which could be taken would be lo overpower toi ment by the addition of fresh erby, in fact, prosounces the | strongest censure on ite present constitution. If | the Council should appear to be in the right, and the Assembly in the wrong, the former will, of rt of the home govern- | in a contest on any other | question in which the same ji . should be form- ed as to the merits of the two hostile chambers. We | e system by alty and affection of the Canadian ly taken the Sapasiie ng cannot but think that Lord Harrowby overlooked this important and adequate check upon ill con- sidered legwlation, and that—entertaining, as he does, an opinion favorable to the principal change | desired by the celonists—he might with more con- sistenny have recorded his vote in vern}., \t measure, ane , at betting one a aoe successful | reply objections o! preeed speakers, | and rected the defence of the bili on the best and | | gafest grovnd—the failure of the g hitberto existed, and the earnest favor of the go- vince for institutions more likely to prove conda- cive to ite welfare. The task of demonstrating the | utter absence of anslogy between the itish | House of Peers and the nominee Council of Canada was not a difficu!t one, nor had Lord Derby himself ventured to su; # parallel. The truth appears | tio | to be that ee fat geowa oak cannot bya | pianted.” We have cy our colonists to make an experiment in tis direction, but the re- sults have not as yet been encouraging, and it is | time tbat the attempt should be abandoned. Attachment to the crown, and to all institutions which are in their nature suitable to aaa wholly differing tn their social and political relations from the mother prec may best be secured by the relinqaishment of illjudged attempts to main- tain a caricature resemblance of the peculiarities of | our own constitution. If, therefore, the present bill should lead, as it probably will, to the substitation of an elective for a nominee *chamber, we shall not regret the result; and, confident that our coarse has been the wisest and the best, we shall cordially con- cur in the Sanieins expressed by the Duke of Newcastle, that it will form “ additional link, if an additional tink be want the chain of con- ig? ae indissolal (ia that im m | and magnificent colon; the parent Dryland! - Condition of the First Ward. TO TRE RDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. ‘The cholera is in the First wari. No accommo- dation for the poor who may be attacked with this dread dicerse has’ been provided, but a place in Frauklin street, in the ward, and our doctors on na fe en poe edhe sg present only in the power of the Health Commis sioners to afford it. Iam told that lime has been provided for this ward, but none has been used of late. If our inef- ficient Street iy apes would pay a little attention to this, or direct his worthy assistants to do s0, 2 great preventive might be applied, which would save many lives. When officials, design or interest, neglect their duty, they must be reached through public opinion and the jadependent preas. SiveuLar Oocurrence—The the Centreville T'imes:—" Under the obituary head » Onthe day of his death Mr. Reoso evening aie ~ = by avo! a " emer 4a} 4 ‘ou may sow YW not le | Tooked around, and seeing no one, coutinied hia work of » attribut it, as he afterwards stated, to his imagination. however, ig wan repeated, last, unable to sunrise next agus corpee.” Fata. Aoccrpmyt.—The ign Revblice states that the name of aged fit; fede, wes billed at Avon, on the monalag of the 4th, by the prematare of acannon. Hig richt ‘side was torn ina ing manner, and he ‘ived bone ahort time after the accident. He Jeaves © voabatty ple and those of , their | ing were directed, not _ visions of the measvre | once the scheme | m which has | ‘ire of the pro- | Parke, Mr. Baron Alderson, Mr. Justice Maule, Mr. Justica, Coleridge, Mr. Justice Wightman, Mr. Justice Erie, Mr. Justice Williams, and Mr. Justice Crompton. This writ of error Geiegs ve Deco) we brought upon the unanimous judgment of the of Exchequer Chamber, reversing a jaleregn of the Se pie oro ‘was a8 to ie of a in th: | suthor to right in a work first published copy’ ie) a Rw ich essignee; and @ de! | that there bad been no valid assignment to the then plsintiff. The parties were the well- known musical publishers, and the action in the to | Court of Exchequer was an action on the case for Wa eae musical composition, entitled “ A car ‘ina from the opera of ‘La Sonnambula,’ by Bel- lini.” The vow plaintiff in error, Charles of Soho square, was the defendant below, The claration was in the common form, and alleged the musical composition aforesaid had been first. blished in Eng’ within twenty-eight ‘be Tore the action was brought; that the the now defendant in error, was and is thereof, and that such copyright was ing ab the time when the piracy complained of was mitted; that the defendant, the now plaintiff: lod Atty eecanin se opis aed P now defendant re sold such musical composition. To this declaration Jefferys pleaded—firstly, that Boosey was not the roprietor of the copyright in the declaration men- joned; and, seco! , that there was not at the time of the alleged P ug a subsisting copyright in the said composition. fesue bles, Wine rd on these pleas, the action came on to be tried :@ the preseut Lord Chancellor, then Mr. Baron Rolfe, at. the sittings in Hilary Term, 1850. In proof of the above issue, evidence was given on the trial on be- halt of Boosey, that the opera of “ La Sonnambu- la,” of which the composition in question was « pertion, was composed at Milan, in Lombardy, in the month of February, 1831, by Signor Vincenzo Bellini, an alien, then domiciled and ing at Milan; that the said Vincenzo Bellini was, by the law of Milan, entitled to the copyright in the opcra, and musical composition, and to assign the same av the time he assigned it; that on the 19th of Feb- ruary, 1831, by ap instrument in writing, signed and executed according to the law of Milan, the said Vincenzo Bellini assigned the said copyright in the said opera to one Giovani Ricordi, also an alien, and then domiciled and resident at Milan; and that such copyright, and tbe right of asaij it, ac- cording to the jaw of Milan, became vested in Gio- vanpi Ricordi; that the raid Giovanni Ricordi, om the Oth of June, 1831, in England, (but being them an alien, and domiciled and resident out of the British dominions,) duly signed, sealed and exe- cuted an indenture between himself and the plain- tiff, the defendant in error, by which he m4 the copyri Lt of the opera of ‘La Sonnambala” for pub! ion in Great Britain and Ireland; that Boosey was a native born British subject, resident in England, and that he published the opera of “Sonnambula” in London onthe 10th of June, 1831. There bad been no prior ees of the opera, or of the musical composition in question, ei iz the British or in any other country; that on the 10th of June, 1831, he made the usual entry at Sta- tioners’ Halt in respect of the opera, and de- potited copies in the British Museum and other in- stitutions, as by law required; and on the 13th of May, 1844, he made a further entry at Stationers’ Hall, under the 5th aud 6th Victoria, c. 45. Ow this evidence the learncd Judge before whom the action was tried directed the jury that the evidence ‘was not sufficient to entitle sey to a verdict om both or either of the issues, and that they ought ta find for satan ee and the jury found a verdict ac- cordingly for the then defendant. A bill of excep- tions was tendered to the ruling of the learned Judge, and a writ of error was brought in the Ex- chequer Chamber, which was argued after Buster term, 1851, when the Court held that the direction of the Jearned Judge was erroneous, and there ought to be a new trial. The present writ of error was then brought, as against that judgment. guments, submitte aestions for | Re sre and opinion of the ‘eerned Jadges— namely:— . Firstly. Vincenzo Bellini, an alien, living at Milan, ‘was porsesred of a httlerary work in which, ac- cording to the laws of Mian, he had a certain copy- right, the nature and extent of which did not ap- ear; and he. on the 19th of February, 1831, by are_ ment in waiting of that same da‘e, motyexe- cuted in the presence of or attested by two wit- nesses, assigned his copyright to Giovaani Ricordi, which assignment was valid by the laws cf Milan. Giovanni Ricordi came to this country, and, on the Sth of June, 1831, by a deed executed in the presence of, and attested by two witnesses, for a valuable consideration, assigned his copyright to the defendant in error, his heirs, &., bat. for publication in this country. ‘The plaiutiif ia error, without any license from the lendant in error, published the said literary work. Under these cir- cumstances. did such a publication give a right of action to, the defendant in error? Becondly.—If the assignment by Bellini to Ricordi had-been made by a deed attested by two witnesses, difference ? i F Hi | would that have made any and what Thirdly.—If Bellini, instead of making an assign- ment to Ricordi whi'e he was living at Milan, had made the assigoment tothe defendant in error at Milan, in the same manner as he did to Ricordi, ‘would it have made any an‘ what difference ? Fourthly—If the work had been printed and pu’ Nebed at Milan before the assignment to the de- fendant in error, would it have made any and what. ne Tf the work had been y— ‘wor! rinted and pub- lished at Milan after the ausigrastat tothe dele - ant in error, but before publication in this country, would it have made any and what difference ? Lastly —If the assignment ‘had not been limited to publication in this country, would it have made - gi what difference ? a Chief Justice Jurvis, having consulted the other Judges, asked for time to consider these ques- ns, This morning, the learned Judges having beer summoned to assist their lordships in hearing the arguments in another writ of error, took the oppor- tunity of delivering their opinions seriatim. Mr. Jnstice Crompton, Mr. Justice Williams, Mr. Justice Erle, Mr. Justice Wightman, Mr. Justica Manle, and Mr. Justice Coleridge expressed the opi- nion that the publication in this country by Jefferys, the plaintiff in esror, gave the defendant in error, that ike naiumnent of the copyright’ and ‘3 e assignment of thereia was a complete and vobdase went Lord Chief J Jervis, the Chief Baron, Mr. Beron Parke, and Mr. Baron Alderson, iatimated a contrary i ‘The Lord Hor hay on bebalf of their Jordahipe, offered thanks to the learned Judges for Hosea epon the questioesgulaisted to thea, moved tions sul to e that the further consideration of the case by the Lordships’ House be postponed. Ratuway Accinext at Taoroiy.—A few adili- tional particolars are given in the Hamilton Syec- tator, respecting the accident which occurred on Thursday night, on the Great Western Railway, near Thorold. It appears that the train consisted of seven cara. A horse having stumbled on the track, about a mile east of, Thorold, was rua down, and the engine, tender, and two peggage cara assed over without being thrown off, Notse with ie second class passenger car, which was thrown pap heal 8 befare se a ae t was made to op the en, 5, ee al three hundred ards; the troin aes en stopped by the car ing again pitched on fo the line. Seven Germin emigrants were killed—two men, two women, and three children. Eight others were injured, not feriourly. The most heartless it ie said, is le against the officials in of the Bog ym. dy stop; of the aeeald have caved the los of ony lifes for it the no injary until had passengers eatained Tun et least three hundred yards past the where the horse was run over. tity rire 5 - quency of such accidents of late, on the Great West- ern line, calls for a formas Seratey, late, the canse of their occurrence. ped we bear of im- putations on the those who have the - Management or superintendence of the trains. Even where no accidents have occurred, we are in- formed by reliable individuals, there has existe gress Soomanen Ree compat st the utter eae ness with which the of the lise are, in maay- imstances, regulated — pos = i iF § | lf ee 4 i it 5 z 7 e i : } i u “I in effort war made to relieve bin anfferings, but he yew rbort ume by stipangubasiva.