The New York Herald Newspaper, June 25, 1854, Page 4

CS NEW YORK HERALD,)™™ JAMES GORDON BESVETT, \ PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. t period + CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON STS. } rerms, cash in advance Fae Daley 1D 2 conte per copy 81 Der wennttme : ) «very Suturdey, at Uq conte a Edom, ‘th per ane 3M toany ‘of the ORR t, , containing imper | rom 2 cter 9) ld Vf waed, will v BIAVK PORSIGY DONRESH NDEYTS SLY MROUESTED FO WAL ALK LarTEns AGES CUNT Om L LEPTERS tumail fer Sudscriptions or with Adver csemients to be pewi paid or the postage will be ée ducted from Se mosey ream ted JOU PRINTING ezecuted with weatness, “cheapness, and TORR TISEMENTS renewed every doy. \ | { AMUSEME#TS THIS EVENING. CASTRE VARPEY—Sawornen 5 AYUSEMENTS TO MORMEBW EVENING. ACERT. PWADWAY THEATRE, Broaéway--Dicx, THe News- tmoy -1KELAKD As Ins. BOWSRY THEATRES, Sowery-Love-Tionr Rorz— Loven # Qoakn ere FIBLO'S, Brow@way — Woovcurrens -Gnreex Mox- STER AATIONAL THEATRE. Chatham sroet--Dawon ano aNd ae Tiewt Rowrn—True Love Seven Reve MOOT. AMESICAN KOUSEON-—-af: Deorzsric Foor omy Ev yoon—Mippy AsHoORE ~ ore OF THE Fauity RA HOUSE, 472 Broud- 2 By ONRIeTy'® MINSTRELS. JARISTY’S \ MERIC way Brmorran Meio: POOR'S WINSTAL. Wala, 444 Bron@way—Brmrorian Mivergetsy AnD BORLESQUE Oren, BUCKLEY'S OPERA HOUSE, 589 Brosdway—Buow sev» Briorias Urxna TROUPE. ‘Wiittonw of Vite Gadsden Treaty—Ftve Days to Congress. Five day gr.ce still rema’n to C ngress for heir acceptance of the Gad en treaty. f in this interva they fail to v te: t least seven of | the ten millions, we presume that the treaty falle to the ground. Tce caption of the treaty | is as follows :— TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | AND THE MEXI REPUBL C, CONCLUDED AT THB | “ CITY OF MEXICO, DECEMBER 30, 1853. | And the following is the third art’c!e:— ARTICLE. 11 In consderation of the f government of the United govervment of M- of ten millions of be pais immediately tion of this treaty, and the remaining thres millions as soon as the boundary lines shall be surveyed, marked, and established, And the limitation of the ninth article is ex- pressed in the following terms:— ARTIC'E IX. Thie treaty shall be ratiied, and the respective ratid cations hall be exchanged at the city of Wasuington, ving s‘ipulations, the § agrevs to pay to the in the city of Nev York, the sum lars, of which seven millions shall upon the exchange of he ratitica- its signature, or sooner if possible. The date of the signature is the 30th of De- cember. The seven millions are to be paid “immediately” upon the exchange of ratifica- tions, which exchange must be within “the ex- act period of six mouths,” “ or sooner if possi- ble,” from the date of its signature. From the 30th of December—the day of the signing the treaty—to the 30th Jane, we have “the exact period of six months;’ so that from this day— the twenty-fifth—Congress have but five days remaining for the privilege of yea or nay to the exchange of the ratifications. There is no express stipulation that the treaty shall be “null and voi in the event of a To the Public. The New Yorv Hxrarp has now the largest circulation ‘of any daily joursal in Furope or America. The Daily Heraxp circulates nearly sixty thousand sheets per day. The Weekly editions—published on Saturday and Sun- ‘day—reach a circulation of nearly seventy thousand sheets per week. The aggregate issue of the Henatp establishment is abont four hundred thousand sheets per week, or over twenty million: of sheets per sanum. MORTALITY OF THE CITY. According to the report of the City Inspector the whole number of deaths for the week ending June 24 was 437-~an increase of 12 on the week previous. Of the total number 234 were under ten years of age,and 65 inmates of the public institutions. There were of apoplexy, 11 cases; cholera, 45; cholera in- fantum, 15; cholera morbus, 8; congestive diseases, 12; consumption, 51; bronchitis, 5; marasmus, 12; inflammation of the lungs, 16; ditto of bowels, 4; ditto of brain, 13; dysentery, 5; diarrhoea, 11; drop- sy in the head, 14; and smallpox, 5. Of deaths by causes-other than diseases’the following are enu- merated:—Suicide, 1; drowned, 7; murdered, 1; fracture, 1; scalded, 1; old age, 2; casualties by falls, 4. There were two fatal cases of sun stroke. Of diseases incidental to children of a tender age failure to pay “immediately upon the exchange of ratifications,” but the alternative is dis- tineily implied in the “ exact period of six months.’ The very term “ exact,” signifies a day beyond which it will be too late to ex- change the ratifications or to pay over the mo- ney. To be sure, Santa Auna would not stick upon the trifle of a day or two, or even a week or two, beyond the prescribed limitation, The danger is among those hair-splitting members of Congress, who, in the event of the appropri- ation being held back beyond the thirtieth of June, may insist upon the strict construction of the law. “This accounts for the milk in the cocoanut” —this explains the alacrity of Mr. Houston, Chairman on Ways and Means, in reporting the necessary appropriation bill; and this is the key to the apparent anxiety of the administration, and to the rumor that, as a last resort, the seven millions “immediately,” and the contingent three millions, are to be tacked on to the gene- ral appropriation bill—that miscellaneous bag- gage car, in which, failing of a regular passage, s) much of the plunder of the stockjobbers, speculators, and spoilsmen is stowed away. Nor are we at all surprised to be informed from Washington, that the appropriations will be car- ried within the time appointed. The adminis- we find 44 cases of convulsions; 10 of croup; 6 of scarlet fever; 6 of measels,and5 of hooping-cough. There were 7 premature births, and 23 cases of still- born. 271 were natives of the United States; 113 of ireland; and 35 of Germany. it will be seen that the number of deaths by cholera the past week is twelve less than the prc- rs week, an exhibit in the highest degree gratify- The following notice has been issued by the ing. authorities — Mayor's Orvior, June 24, 1854. ayor and the Commissioners of Health, in view possibility that the cholera may become an epi- have taken possersion of the butiding No. 105 , and are prepared to receive patients. 2m proper As a precautionary measure, happy to state that the decrease in the this week is a favorable omen, and the ty. Mayor. Proes't Beard of Councilmen. Pres’t Board of Aldermen, RTLEIT, M.D., Health Officer. L, M.U., Resident Physician. 1th Commissioner. ry Inspector. Commissioners of Health. FROM AUSTRALIA, We publish fh our columns this morning some addi al news from Australia, which will be found interesting. We may mention here, as evidence of the increasing interest attached to American affairs in the colony, that the Melbourne Morning Herald of March 27 published the Message of President Pierce to Congress in full, occupying thereby two entire pages of the paper. The editor also givesa political classification of the members of each branch of the legislature, observing:— It will, of course, be interesting to our American readers to understand the state of parties in the legislature at the departure of the mail.” THE BRITISH WEST INDIES. By the arrival of the steamship Illinois we have later files fiom the British West India islands. The papers are dated to the 12th of the present month. The record of domestic occurrences is without in terest, but we have compiled a yery sad summary of the appearance and progress of cholera in St. Anne's, St. Thomas, Vere, Clarendon, and almost every rural parish in the island of Jamaica. There were also some cases of the disease in Kingston. In the local journals we find very distinct allusion to the state of relations now existing between this * country and Spain, whilst the question of the an- nexation of Cuba is treated of in some very serious and decidedly hostile editerials. We give a short but interesting account of the island of Grand Cayman. From Barbadoes, Dominica, St. Lucia, and British Guiana, our advices contain the most authentic in- formation regarding the commercial, agricultural, aud sanitary prospects of the inhabitants. ADDITIONAL FROM CALIFORNIA. steamship Illincis arrived yesterday from inwall, bringing over five hundred passengers nd nearly a million dollars in dust on freight. We give clsewhere some additional news from California and the South Pacific, which will be found exceed- ngly interesting. EUROPEAN NEWS., The ateamship Atlantic left Liverpool on the 14th inst. for this port Her arrival, therefore, is hourly expected. She may bring important intelligence as to the fate of Bilistria, the point to which all eyes are now divected. We publish elsewhere some in- teresting news from various parts of Europe, to which the attention of our readers is invited. 8 FROM WASHINGTON. The Senate was not in session yesterday. In the House the morning hour was occupied in the con- sideration of private bills, fourteen of which were passed, including that from the Senate to reimburse the city of New York the expenses incurred in be- half of the first regiment of volunteers in the Mexi- can war, The Appropriation bill was brought up in committee, anda lengthy discussion arose on an amendment making an appropriation for the works to supply the District with water, but before taking the question the House adjourned. ON THE INSIDE PAGES May be found interesting letters from Brownsville (Texas), Baitimore, and Cape May; Slavery in the South and Crime in the North ; Theatrical Notices; Commercial and Financial Intelligence; advertise- mente, and a vast quantity of other matter to whicb we have not room to refer more particularly. MISCEL 8. Yesterday was St. John’s Day, and the Free Ma- sons cele ted it at different points on a grand scale. At Auburn, delegatic were present from all sections of the States and Canadas. v Advices from Texas to the 16th inst. have been received. As no mention is made of further Indian hostilities, we conclude the ravages have ceased she time their bloody de predatious, tra‘ion have decreed it — they who resist will be excommunicated —he who asks to look be- hind the record will be marked; and even Ben- ton is powerless before a majority of the House, under the previous question. The whip and spur of the administration, and not the merits of the treaty, are relied upon to carry these ten millions for the relief of Santa Anna and his associate stockjobbers ahd specu'ators, imme- diately through. : Still, from a sense of duty to the public, to the ends of public justice, and public morality, and from a proper regard to a discriminating economy in the appropriations of the public money, we admonish the members of the House of their responsibility to the people in this bu- siness. What are the equivalents we receive for these ten millions of dollars? The selvage of a desert—without timber, mainly without living water, for half the year without rain, and without pepulation, or any prospect of po- pulation, except the wandering Apaches, We undertake to say that a tract of country of more frightful sterility apd desolation cannot be found, of corresponding geographical dimen- sions, on the continent of North America. As far as we know, from the accounts of official explorations and reliable travellers, this Gads- den treaty country is, in its topography, geo- logy, soil and climate, almost precisely the same as “the howling wilderness” in which the children of Israel were detained for forty years, as a punishment for their sins, being subsisted in the meantime, by the miraculous interposi- tions of the Almighty. But no manna falls ia the Gadsden country, and the flocks of quails among those volcanic mountains and sands, are “Like angels’ visits, few and far between.” In this connection, the coolness of the high contracting parties to this treatry—the states- manlike gravity with which they discuss “the grants of land within the territory ceded”—is the very perfection of diplomatic humbuggery. It would be funny, exceedingly funny, if it were not too expensive and too brazen for a joke. Upona par with the “lands” acquired is the concession of the navigation of the Gulf of California, the geographical position of | “mere leather ard prunella.” within the exact period of six months from the dite of | mountain ranges, the right of wxy will remain yet to be acquired {rom Mex'co perh ips at the expense of another “immediate” appropriation | of ten, fifteen, twenty or thirty millions of dollars, The priv leges conceded in the Tehuantepec plankroad or ra lroad—as we take them—are all It is a Mexican wcik, to which we agree to pay tribute; where- as, by an adhesion to the Garay coatract, ‘transferred to an American company, we might have obtained, and with the rejection of | this treaty, may yet obtain, the complete | business jurisdiction and profits of the railroad, at least to the extent of the Panama or Nicaragua company. What trading and com- promising have led to this Tehuantepec arrange- | ment of the Gadsden treaty are still a mystery to the public. The managers of the Cabinet or- gan, and certain members of the kitchen Cabi- net, have been reported as holding a consider- able Tehuantepec interest in the treaty; but that, too, is among the mysteries of this curious, | mysterious, and suspicious convention. Col. Benton has arraigned the treaty, on the higher constitutional grounds of an invasion of the privileges of the House. We leave this issue between him and the House to settle. What we miintain is, that the treaty does not begin to pay expenses, that the equivalents to us for the ten millions of dollars are ali moon- chine, and impositions upon the presumed igno- rance and credulity of Congress, and that the bargain was largely managed by outside speeu- Jators and stockjobbers. We further maintain that it calls for a rigid investigation by the House, that all the facts, circumstances, and parties concerned in the plot should be dts- closed, and that neither the real interests of Mexico, nor the interests of the United States, would suffer from its rejection, Twenty mil- lions for the Navy, at this crisis, would be bet- ter than ten millions to Santa Anna, with ten times the territory which is involved in the Gadsden treaty. Whether the supplies are voted ‘immedi- ately” or otherwise, the country has the right to demand the whole catalogue of the spoils- men—American, English and Mexican—con- cerned in this immaculate treaty. Generosity to Santa Anna is one thing, but a collusion with rapacious stockjobbers and speculators is ano- ther thing. The rejection of this treaty will doubtless result in something a good deal bet- ter, at half price, without infringing upon a pro- per sense of magnanimity for a feeble neighbor. There is no danger of war in postponing for a few months longer the establishment of a des- potism in Mexico. Tue HeraLp, THE Know Notuines AND THE Tuisu—We regret to find that considerable anxiety is felt in the Know Nothing commit- tees and the Irish societies with regard to the position of this journal in their quarrel. On the one side, most plausible reasons are given by an organ of the former to show why we are bound to stand by our adopted citizens; and on the other, a journal devoted to Irish interests rates us soundly for our supposed native pro- clivities. We are sorry that these doughty bodies have nothing better to do than to trou- ble themselves about us: and our sorrow is in- creased by tlie conviction that for the present both sides had better continue to know nothing about our opinions. When the interests of the State require us to take sides with either, we shall do it in such a way as to leave no doubi on the minds of the most thickheaded as to our course; till then, we are content to be assailed by the two suitors for our favor. As they have done us the honor to court us, however, we will give them one piece of advice. No cause in the world ever was helped by thick sticks or paving stones. Every man who is knock»! down by the Irish, augments the popular prejudice against the raec; and every fresh expression of illiberal opinion that comes from the Know Nothings alienates from them the sympathies of honcst right minded men. There are two or three leading points of difference between the two rival factions. It is the constitutional right of every American to dislike his neighbor, if he chooses. He may take a spite again t Irish, or Germans, or his own countrymen, and gratify that spite by refusing to vote for any individual of that race, by abusing them and refusing to associate with them. This line of conduct involves no breach of any municipal law, and the utmost price it costs is loss of respect among thinking men. That price, how- ever, must be paid. The foreigner, on the other hand, who conducts himself in an orderly peaceable way, loses no respect among sane men in consequence of his foreign birth: and so long, therefore, as the Irish and Germans obey the laws and act as good citizens, they stand in as good a position as their assailants, the Know Nothings. That position may be lost by a general habit of disobeying the laws, anda course of bad citizenship. . DeartH or News FRoM THE Seat oF WaR.— which renders it utterly useless to us, and the | Thore who, some weeks ago, used to predict foreign trade of which is about equal to that of | that “the very next mail” would bring ac- the Great Salt Lake in Utah. The release from the Apaches amounts to nothing. With or without the treaty, we are bound to protect our frontier settlers and emigrants; and the best that we obtain on this point is the guar- dianship of au increased number of bloodthirsty Apaches within our own jurisdiction. The disputed Mesilla valley, which we ac- quire, has been shown by our late Boundary Commissioner to contain nothing more than a Mexican settlement of some eighteen hundred souls, dependent upon the Rio Grande for the counts of the storming of Helsingfors, or a tremendous battle on the Danube, or at least a decisive movement on the part of Russia or Austria, must by this time have grown tolera- bly disheartened. So tame a war the world never saw before. Here we have had Sir Charles Napier—the fire eater—who stopped the whole fleet after setting sail to signal the shore for “ more chloroform ’’—for two months in the Baltic, in sight of the enemy’s shores, and the most. gallant exploits of the cruise have been the expedition of the Arrogant and irrigation of their scanty fields, and inhabiting | Hecla against a petty fort, and the capture of a district which, from the limited supplies of theriver, can never be worth disputing about. These people, from the testimony of Mr. Bart- afew merchantmen. In the Black Sea, which has been swept for the same or a longer period by the allied fleets, an immaterial attack on lett, were driven over to Mesifla by floating | Odessa has been the only event. Sevastopol “Texas head rights; and with the annexation of Mesilla they will probably evacuate it to escape those “head rights’ again, and leave the district as desolate as they found it in 1850, The acquisition of the Mesilla valley, therefore, is another humbug in the general scheduld of these Gadsden treaty impositioas. Nothing more—nothing less. The treaty, as modified, cuts us off, to a great extent, from Cooke’s wagon route, which, as a route for a railroad to the Pacific, was unques- tionably a leading object of the original boun- dary line agreed upon by Gen. Gadsden. What influences actuated the Senate in straightening this elbow, so as to throw the curve of Cooke's trail back into Mexico, we know not; but it was perhaps from the jealousies of the advocates of a more northerly line that the railroad feature was stricken out of the treaty. At all events, if the several explorations ordered at the last Congress shall result in determining the ex- treme southern route as the most feasible for has never been molested, the Russian fleet have been allowed to enjoy repose, and the allied admirals have done little more than survey the coast. Nor have the land forces presented any contrast to this inertia policy. Marches from Gallipoli to Scutari, from Scutari to Silistria have been much canvassed in the papers; but had it not been for Omer Pacha and his Turks, people might have begun to believe the war was a farce. In point of fact, both Great Britain and France have enjoyed so long a peace that neither of the two is as yet fairly aroused to the war pitch, and in consequence the military movements are progressing at a most sluggish pace. We must probably ascribe to the wretched arrangements for the convey- ance of the Britieh troops to the East, and for their comfort there, the recent appointment of an English Minister of War; but if no other reasons had pointed out the necessity of this step, the want of vigor displayed by the mili. tary and naval commanders would have ren- the Pacific Railroad, from the absnoe of lorty {dered it imperative, Those who still desire see some decisive blow struck w:ll probably re- gret that Lord Palin rston was n:t chosen in- stead of the Duke of Newcastle. American Frour axp Graiv Tuaps.—The statistics of the flour trade in the United States forms a curious study. From the earliest organ- ization of the government it has formed a lead- ing staple of trade. It hae, at various periods, largely fluctuated in price, influenced mainly by the average yield of crops, ani tie condi- tion of foreign nations. Prior to the year 1800, and at a time when the agricultur:] supplies were derived exclusively from the Atlantic States, or from districts east of the Allegheny mountains, prices ruled higher than they have ever been since. Thus, taking the following years, we find the highest and lowest prices ruled as follows :— Year. Highest Price. Lowest Price. 17%6—per barrel am $12 00 1i9e— 6 00 12 00 197— +10 00 10 00 lige— 8 60 7 00 ree +10 00 9 50 1800— 150 10 00 isol— 3 00 11 50 1s0g— | 7:00 6 50 1804— * 175 7:00 1805 — 3 00 21 00 1s0e— * 7 50 700 1so7— 8 26 7 50 During the feregoing years, the revolution pre- vailed in France and there was a general war in Europe,which,combined with the limited amount of territory devoted to wheat culture, sustained prices at higher rates than they have ever ruled since. It was at this time that farmers on Loag Island, in Dutehess, Herkimer, and contiguous counties, grew rich. In this prosperity the farmers of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virgi- nia largely participated. Those vast and fer- tile regions in the valley of the Mississippi were then a wilderness, and did not compete in the production of breadstuffs with the Atlantic States. The opening and cultivation of the rich lands at the West, combined with improve- ments in agricultural machines and methods of cultivation, together with the means of trans- portation, have tended to cheapen the price of flour and grain, and not only to bring them in successful competition with the produce of the exhausted lands of the Atlantic States, but with all other parts of the world. At this very mo- ment we are feeding western Europe, plunged as she is into a war with a grain-growing coun- try, without causing flour to advance to the prices it bore fifty-eight years ago. And we cannot well expect ever again, under any ordinary contingencies, to see flour and grain as high as they have been. Indeed, the rapid settlement of the rich Western lands, comn- bined with the use of reaping and thrashing ma- chines, which enables one man to growas much wheat as four or five men could formerly, will, we expect, for the future, tend to make prices rule much lower. The result must ultimately lead to our gaining the markets of Europe for breadstuffs, as we now have them for our cot- ton. In other words, we must continue to do what we are now engaged in doing—that is, to feed and clothe the rest of the world. A nation which clothes and feeds all other countries, with ordinary prudence, cannot fail of becoming rich and powerful. All that the people of the United States require to reach a position in the affairs of nations never before attained, is the indissoluble adumantine union of the States at home, and peaceful commercial relations with those without. We find that, owing to the limited field of cultivation, the prices of flour did not ma- terially decline during the years of the embargo, or of the late war with England, as the follow- ing statement will show :— Highest. Lowest. 1808 ees of the. $6 00 1809 j embargo 550 1810 in July and August 12 00 I811....... seeeee 10 50 1812 975 1813 | Period of the 9 50 1814f Late War 800 1815 15 From 1815 to 1835 were years of peace, and no external circumstances occurred calculated to enhance prices. The highest average prices were obtained in 1823, when they stood at $7 75, and again in 1829, when they reached $8. The lowest points reached were in 1830, when the average price was $5; 1829, $5 25, and in 1825, $5 37, In this period the first great channel of transportation was opened to the West, viz: the Erie canal. The Genesee valley commenced sending its rich stores to market, and the great West made a strong beginning in that trade which has since attained such a vast magnitude, and is yet in its infancy. These changes were soon visibly impressed on ruling prices, as we have seen from the average figures compared with former years. Farms on Long Island and on the Hudson river for the first time realized the strength of a competition from which they have never're- covered, and which the opening of new channels of trade to the West has only tended to render permanent. Cheap bread and cheap clothing with fair health and free institutions, are by far the most powerful elements of national prosperity. The unprecedented growth of New York and other cities, and indeed of the whole country, bear the strongest testimony to the truth of these statements, «€ The fault is, that, like a fast growing youth, our country in its rapid strides has occasional'y overshot itself; but like the animal system, by a little abstinence, dieting, and rest, it his again gathered new energy, rose to re newed exertions, and again gone “ ahead” faster than ever. Thus, from overtrading, the abuse of the credit system, and the neglect of agricultural pursuits, and indifferent harvests, instead of being exporters of wheat, we were compelled in 1836-"37~'38 to import from Europe aboat five millions of bushels of wheat, at from $1 60 to $2 per bushel. The variations in the highest and lowest prices of flour and grain, during the following years of inflation and speculation, may be seen from the following statement:— Flour. Wheat. Corn. , Highest. Lowest. Highest Lowest, Highest. Lowest. 1886.88 CO $6 10 212 $18 $1 Fz $0 8s 1887..10 25 11 00 215 1 60 120 0 $8 1888. .10 25 8 25 200 100 100 077 With the revulsion of that period, a reaction of prices ensued. They no doubt received great additional inflation from the large amount of paper money put afloat, with the prevailing spirit of speculation, It wasan extraordinary spectacle to see a country so rich in agricultu- ral resources, an importer of breadstuffs at such enormous prices, We come now to another interesting period in the movements of breadstus, viz.: from 1838 to 1854, which embraces the period of the Mexican war, and the famine years of 1847 aud 1848, in Ireland and England. And although there was an immense demand for both grain and flour, we find the productive resources of the great West had become too puwerfwl to enable prices to reach the high rates they had previously attained gt other less urgent periods GENESEE FLOUR IN NEW YORK. Highest Prices. Lowest Pr $9 0 $6 1234 6 37 475 60 475 43 42% 6235 431% 98 4 18% 8754 4314 00" 41255 08 5 50 orig 525 20" 6 60 15 4 6235 87 4 6256 By ray » 1 68% ee 1864, {6 June 21, (eom. State). 9 37 1864, fein acids 1200 = 9. 60.8 10 50 During the above period, under the influence of a Canadian drawback bill, or bonding transit bill, Canadian wheat and flour to a large extent reached New York and were exported in bond, in competition with American produce. At one time the present year, when State flour reached the high price of $9 a $9 25, Canadian flour to a considerable extent was taken out of bond for home consumption. In other words, it was im- ported for home use. Under the influence of a reciprocity treaty, and the rapid extension made in the cultivation of wheat im Upper Canada, comparing favorably with the progress making in our Western States, it is likely that the supplies of Canadian flour and grain in this market will in the future be greatly increased. Thus we see that notwithstanding short crops in France and England, and the closing of the Russian grain ports, combined with the great increase in the specie or gold circulation of the country from the proceeds of Califor- nia mines, prices have not reached those hithérto borne at other favorable periods. Since the year 1796, flour has never reached in this market $16 per barrel, and probably never will again. All these facts go to prove the great and rapidly increasing productive power of the valley of the Missis- sippi. The great yield in that prolific part of the world has not only operated upon the value of grain lands on the Atlantic sea-board, but also upon the value of lands in the valley of the Genesee, in New York, in the Shenandoah valley of Virginia, and the interior wheat districts of Pennsylvania and Maryland, where they may be considered stationary in value, and still the work must go on, probably, for one or two half centuries to come. To judge of the rapid annual increase in the amount of breadstuffs in the United States, we give the following tables, taken from the reports of the Commissioner of Patents, for a period of nine years, or from 1840 to 1849, inclusive :— PRODUCTS. Wheat. Corn, Bye dushels, bushels. bushels +. 84,822,272 817,681,875 18,645,567 ‘126;864;600 588;160,000 32,952/500 Incr’se in 9 y’rs 41,962,600 210,618,126 14,900,083 Barley. Oats. Rice. dushels. bushels. ig pounds. 4,161,604 123,071,841 _Not given. 52 6/220/050 186,00/000 109,199,500 Incr’se in 9y’rs 2,068,646 62,428,659 fi Thus showing that the increase in the produc- tion of breadstuffs doubles in from twelve to fif- teen years, while the population only doubles once in about twenty-four years, proving that every year the excess of increased production outstrips the increase of population, giving as- surances that every year (barring accidental circumstances,) the surplus yield for expor- tation will increase. This must goon until it is checked bya glut of available foreign and dom¢stic markets for its consumption. The same remarks apply to the production of pro- visions, cotton, &c. SceGEgrioxs ror IMPROVEMENTS AT THE Bat- TERY.—The improvements now in progress of ex- ecution at the Battery, although encroachments upon the Bay, will render that park, for such we chall then be entitled to designate it, one of the best situated and most agreeable prome- nades in the world. Exposed as it is on almost every side to the refreshing breezes that are wafted over the broad surface of the bay, and enjoying in its abundant foliage the advan- tage of protection from the scorching rays of the summer sun, we know no spot that can at all be compared to it. And yet this charming retreat is abandoned by all our would-be fa- shionables for the exposed sites and stunted vegetation of the upper squares and prome- nades, the Battery being left to the enjoyment of those whose judgment and taste are unfetter- ed by the arlijmery dictates of conventional folly. One of the most delightful characteristics of French and German society is the freedom with which all classes mingle together in pub- lic, without trenching upon the prejudices or privileges of each other. In their public gar- dens and promenades we find high and low cn- joying in common, and without the fear of the aristocratic losing caste, those gifts which the Dispenser of all good intended should be shar- ed by manalike. It is, in truth, only preten- tious vulgarity that apprehends being con- founded with what it is pleased to designate the “common herd.” The really well bred are those who have the largest amount of indul- gence for the defects of others. It is to these misplaced aristocratic pretentions that is main- ly to be attributed the discredit into which the Battery has fallen, although other causes have no doubt contributed to it. The contiguity of Greenwich street, for in- stance, which from a first class quarter hag sank into a sort of a German settlement, if that term can be properly applied to a floating population of emigrants, has very much detracted from those feaiures which formerly rendered the Bat- tery such a favorite place of resort. The latter has become a sort of lounging place for the denizens of that hot and over-crowded locality, and as necessarily among the thousands ho follow each other in rapid succession from the old country, there are some who are vicious and depraved, it is not unfrequently the scene of outrages, which have giveu it an equivocal repu- tation. Had the police but properly discharged their duty, and put in force the segulations by waich the public gardens and promenades of other great cities are kept free from the possi- bility of the occurrence of offences against pub- lic safety and morais, the objections urged against the Battery would never have been heard of. They are, however, part of the bene- fits that we owe to that precious system of city government which Las been too busily occupied in looking after its own interests to protect those of the community. Now that the eulargement of the Battery is about to add to its attractions, and impart to it, as it were, a new character, it is worthy of con- sideration whether the objections to which we have alluded cannot be removed, and the prome- nade itself rendered, as it once was, one of the principal features of our city. With regard to the difficulty suggesied by the neighborhood of Greenwich street, we do not think that it will long be suffered to continue in its present sate, The necessity of opening great lateral tho- | roughfai »s for the relief of Broadway is daily | widen the former street-down to the Batt and thus obtain the necessary space for| magnificent stores and warehouses that are crowding down from Broadway to the river. This will have the effect of altering whole character of the neighborhood, and} extension of the railroad tracks to the Bat will enhance the advantages of these imp ments by rendering the latter more easil cessible from the upper parts of the town. But it will require other temptations these to attract the so-called fashionable from their favorite haunts in the arid and di localities in which they have entrenched tH selves, and to induce them to give their ly the benefit of the delicious and ret breezes that may be inhaled on the Bat To effect this they must, in the first placa assured that their safety and delicate suse, bilities will be guaranteed by efficient p regulations; and in the second we must re the park itself the great feature of attraq in New York. We would do this not out of very great love or consideration-for the int or pleasure of our fustian aristocracy, but a desire to break through and confound tf absurd lines of social demarkation that wa and vanity endeavor to set up. It is ob that one of the most effective means of ac pliching it is to increase the facilities ducements for frequent intercourse in pu It is to this, perhaps, more than any qd cause, that is to be attributed the really re| lican spirit which, in spite of accidenta structions, such as that presented by this sent regime, is fast conducting the Fren the enjoyment of republican institutions, To render the Battery what we should di to see it, one of the great lungs and plac amusement of New York, we must make Champs Elysée in miniature, by bringin aid of its natural advantages all the resou ofart. Of Castle Garden we would n what its architectual form admirably suits ---a cirque, like that of Franconi, where da well as evening performances would tract all classes of the population. The q tion in the centre of the park of one or| magnificent saloons, from the balconi which first rate orchestras would contri to the enjoyment of those without as as those within, would in themselves stitute irresistible features of attrac Such portions of the grounds as would be required for promenades, might be ed off and laid out in ornamental p filled with choice plants and flowers. Py baths, on avast and commodious scale, rivalling in convenience and splendor the Roman establishments, should also form oftheplan, With such accessories con! ting to the enjoyment, comfort and healt | this matter before the proper author } every man should live, forcing itself upon the public mind, and one of the first movements in this direetion will be to: all classes of our city population, and gu teed to them by an efficient police, we w soon restore the Battery to greater popul: than ever, and render it one of the finest most agreeable promenades in the world. More Prospects or Dirt.—We see by port in the papers that the dirt cartmen organized themselves into an association their corporate protection, with a vie courre to obtain better pay for carting Hadn’t they better adopt a different plan turn their hands and their horses to some! else? Withrour present corporation and mu pal departments, we should think their voca} was pretty nearly gone. At the rate the i ners of carting dirt is diminishing they well demand an increase of pay; but ad coming when no dirt at all will be carted, of what ure will astrike then be? Let make up their minds to cart bales and bo and leave dirt and other fixtures where are, retzek’s artistes have arrived in the steamer Union Havre, and he is making preparations for his seri grand operas at Castle Garden. The seasen will prob commence next Thursday evening. The Rights of Neutrals, THE AMERICAN Sip MINNESOTA BOARDED AT SEA EnGuisn StkaM Fricate.—Captain Allen, of the ship nesota, arrived yesterday morning from Liverpoo ports the following:—May 25, lat. 68.00 long 10.00, boarded by her B. M. steamehip Gladiator, who den ed the ship's papers for examination. Capt. Allen the officer, by what authority he boarded his ship demanded his papers. The officer refused to give an; tisfactory answer. The following is the report of Capt. Allen:—“ At 1) M., May 26, lat. 68 lon. 10, saw H. B,M. steamship diator, which firedtwo guns for us to heave to. steamer then ran near us and sent a boat on board, ordered the sbip to be hove to immediately; manding the ship’s papers. Capt. Allen inquired of| officer in charge of the boat by what authority h manded them. The officer’s reply was by the orde1 his government, and stated to Capt. A. that it was| unpleasant duty for him, but it was imperatives papers were produced and examined, and after an hor delay, the vessel was allowed to proceed. We are| formed by the first officer of the M. that the mid man in charge of the boat alongside, stated to hint] had not the ship been hove to, after firing the two gu shots would have been fired to compel her.” Marine Affairs. 4 ‘Tae Sreamemr Pacrric, Captain Nye, sailed at x yesterday for Liverpool, with 207 pasgengers: $430,891 in specie. WAUNCH OF THE Muxican Wan SrmamEe.—The 4 steamer Sanf& Anna, built for the Mexican governm was launched at ten o'clock yesterday morning, from| A. Weatervelt & Co.’s Houston street yard. She screw steamer, and had most of her machinery board when she entered the water, and was immediat afterwards towed around tothe Farren Iron Works receive the balance of her machinery. Her prop will be worked by two osciilating engines, with thir aix inch cylinders; length of stroke thirty-three inch She is a live oak vessel, substantially built, and pi for fourteen guns. Her length on deck is 165 breadth of beam 27 feet, with 12 feet depth of i She registers 560 tons. She will leave in two or thi weeks for Mexice, under command of Captain W} Hunt. Her consort, the General Iturbide, of the sa dimensions, will be launched by Messrs. W. in a of two. Tuk Osrrey.—This steamship has been purchased Mecars. Stores ne Linton, and will be employed the Boston connection with the Pennsylvan Railroad Company, and will be under the com Captain Fontaine. She is now receiving repairs. H Be rendy fo resutse opecaiion in iatee of fear soak Pulp perations or four weeks. A Currer Smp Bur.prxa at Key West —Messrs. Brot & Curry, of Key West, have laid the keel of a clipp ship, to be built at that place, of 1,000 tons burthen, be constructed wholly of Florida wood, and by reside} mechanics. A Nubance at Jefferson Market, * 70 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. u Nearly two years since a small shanty was buil by a poor bliid man, on the sidewalk in front Jefferson market. Every person felt glad to, that the Nant man was making a scanty living; he was allowed to remain, although as an incua brance his shanty was en objection; but we felt pit for the poor blind man, and he is still there. The shanties have now become a nuisance. We ha two, built about six months since, directly on th rincipal entrance or sidewalk of Greenwich avena € noticed, a day or so since, that two other dirt} shanties are building on the sidewalk of Sixth nue. Is this right or proper? Can our market b ventilated as it should if these nuisances ai allowed? They are a source of disease, the scorol ing sun pouring down on the decayed vegetabl enclosed. We entreat you to ele us, by urging t ties, for we fed citizens, and wishing thal vel Y jut not ata risk to engende| Lith and disease to ourselves,our wives and familie Twenty or Your Reapsna, as peaceful and orderi,