The New York Herald Newspaper, June 12, 1854, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDOF SErsET?, MEY AB RALD 2 comes por ry iB WEBALY ABK4LD avery Sate ner cupy. of #3 ver annum ; the Buropean yer Te any part of Breas Mritain, 24 $6 te amy wart of te th to trniasde oernge LUNTARY CORRRSPUNDENCS ovmatnany t nyor ewe, Srowm any puarier of the world +fused* 0 Paxret, paid for, sar OUR FoRmey VonmasronD «7! ane wr rs ee Subscriptions or with «1 er ‘postage will be deducte | “om to, 161 sicnt BROADWAY THEATRE. Broadway—Suo xine Bvexrs | ~Faverve | NOWERY THEATRE. Boawpar—Kxow NoTHNG WiGLO 8, Brocdway- Betta~Rep drome ann Warrs Warxion, HaTiONAL THEATRE, Ubathamet.—Macic Werr— Mazerra tue BxooND WALLACK’S THBATRE. Sroadway—Bevie's Sreata- ‘exu—Harry Man. ABERICAy BOSE! Aftern-oe Bamsoog.ine -fur Borreny ticker—Evoning —KArrAnLLA. CHRISTY'S AMERICAN OPBKA MOUSS, 472 Broad. wey Ermiorias Maconres ey Oxnisty'’s diveraeie ¥—FAUSTUS—SowooL FOR Srusorian ‘WOOD'S MINSTREL BA'/. 444 Beosdw: Sawera sist Bosretta or Usone Sow’ o Canim, BUSKELEY’S OPe! eave Brusorian Oren W4OLE WORLD, 87] and ‘Evenins, B68) Brosdway—Bvow ot Broadway--Afternoon and Ho the Public. ‘The New Yous Hens has now the largest circulation of amy daily journa) in Barope or America. The Dally Hen circulates nearly sizty thousand sheots per day. The Weekly editions—published on Saturday and Sun- @ey—reach a circulation of nearly seventy thousand shesta yer week. The aggregate issue of the H«natp establishment is about four hundred theusand sneets per week, or over ‘Wenly millions of sheets per anuum. ‘The News, LATER INTELLIGENCE FROM EUROPE. The steamship Pacific, with three days later news from all parts of Europe and the East, arrived at this port Jast evening. The intelligence is interest- ing. Our readers are referred to the copious com- pilation, commencing on the first page, and to the editorial article commenting on the important points presented. The commercial news is unfavorable for dealers in breadstuifk and cotton. In the latter article there was more steadiness, but without any indication of an advance on the reduced quotations brought by the arctic. Flour had declined 61. to 1s. per barrel. There was a good demand for money in London, and consols on the 3lst ult. flue tuatea between 90} to 90) in the early part of the day, and 91 to 914 at the close. SUNDAY STREET PREACHING. The “Angel Gabriel” yesterday figured largely in New York and in Brooklyn. He begun his reli gious ministrations for the day in Washington equare at twelve o’elock, where he denouuced the Pope, the priests, and the Charch of Rome, to his heart’s content, without exciting any disturbance. He next made his appearance in the Park, where his Sabbath day preaching was received as the ravings of a fanatic by a crowd with cheers and laughter. He next made his appearance in Brook dyn at five in the afternoon; but there the scenes which resulted from his presence and his preaching were mixed up with violent collisions between the posse of special constables appointed for the cay and the crowd, and between the belligerent divisions of the excited populace, much to the distaruance of quiet an’ well-disposed people, and much to the @isgrace of the Sabbath. In another part of this payer the doings yesterday will be found report.d at length. THE ELGIN OVATION AT PORTLAND. The citizens of Portland, Me., on the 10th instant, turned out en masse to receive Lord Elgin, and in the afternoon a banquet waa given in his henor, a fall account of which we publish this morning. For bis succeseful efforts in establishing the Atlant c and St. Law:rnce Railroad this popular reception, which must Lave proved as gratifying to the guest as it was honorable to the citizens of Portland, was justly due. This line of railroad will in a few years become one of the most important in the system of communica- tion between the United States and Canada, and may be regarded as one of the greatest acts of Lord Elgin's administration. The subject of commercial recipro- city between the colonies and this country is receiv: ing an energetic support from the governments of the provinces, under the able lead of thg Governor Gereral and Mr. Hincks. So far as the colonies are cor cerned, it seems probable that they will agree to the pringiple, insisting perhaps on certain unimport- ant modifications of details. NEWS FROM THE BAHAMAS. By the arrival of the brig Pedraza, Capt. Dorrit- tie, from the Bahamas, we have our files of Nassau (N. P.,) papers, dated to the Slst of May, from which we extract some interesting paragraphs rela: tive to fires, trials in the General Court, an accident to the lighthouse on Hog Island Point, with a re- port of the salt crop at Inagua. Queen Victoria's birthday was celebrated at Nassau with all due honor. After a grand supper at the house of the Governor, the healths of the Emperor Napolean, tie Queen of Spain, and the President of the United States, were given in rapid auccession. MISORLLANEOUS. The progress of the mammoth excursion party from this city to the Falls of St. Anthony is detail ed by our correspondent, whose letter may be found in another colamn. Everywhere along the line of the route the excursionists are greeted with the firing of cannon, fireworks, processions, dinners, &c., &c., not forgetting the ladies, who tarn out in shoals ‘to catch a glimpse of Mr. Fillmore, or General Dix, orsome other notability. It isa great affair. As nearly the entire press of the country this side of the Rocky Mountains, religious and secular, have Participated in this jaunt, the directors and con- tractors of the Chicago and Rock Island Railroad, who } lay the bost’on the occasion, are in a fair way of being “ puffed” to their hearts content. We publish elsewhere a commanication from a paseencer on board the ship Charles Crooker on her recent voyage from Liverpool to this port. The writer gives the true cause of the death of thirty seven of the passengers, namely : the insufficient quantity and bad quality of the provisions, the neg- lect on the part of the shippers to provide some of the commonest necessaries, and the want of a surgeon. Canriot something be done to stop such heartless conduct ? ORUROH DEDICATION. The St. Lawrence church, sitnated at the corner of Eighty-fourth street and Fourth avenue, wa dedicated yesterday. Archbishop Haghes preacved the dedicat»ry sermon, which was very brief. He did not appear to be in good hea th. WASHINGTON AFFAIRS, After a respite of a fortnight, daring which both Benstors and Representatives have undergone « pretty thorough veutilation, and the halls of the Capitol been equivped with hot weather fix tores, Congress will reassemble to-day, A bas week isexpected. The Pacific railroad bill in th House will probably be postponed, and the Appro priation bills taken up. The Senate's resolution t ad ourn on the (third of July till some time ia Ooty ber meets w th opposition in certain quarters. The vote in the Senate on thé proposition was very 4 cisive, and no douLt the result of an anderstand ing between the leading membora of both house ‘Vere is, therefore, good reason to believe the Honw » i conenr, in which event the public basiness will .@ rushed through with the haste usual on the ov of an adjournment. As for private claims, how- ever important some of them may be to the parties | interested, they wil be nowhere. Our despatch from the ¢ pita staes tha an im- portant communi at on from the President, relative to the state of our affairs with Span, will be sent to Congress daring this week. It is surmised that all the matters n diapute will be adjusted on a basis mutually satisfactory to both conntries, and with: out disturbing the fr endly relations n w subsist ng between them A the solution of ths mportant | probim snear at! and it would be de to recapita- late the va:iou contradictory rumors afloat in regard to it, or to speculate upoa the ; robabilities of .be case. THE ABOLITIONISTS. A portion of the .. habitau s of the town of West- field, Mass., on Sa urday, vented th ir impotent rege at the rendition of Bain-, the fugitive slave, by hanging ineffigy President P erce, 8 nator Douglas, | Commissioner Loring and D t. ct A torney Hallett, of Boston. While hese inter sting proceedings were going on the church bel wer: olled, and other dismal means resorted to for car ying out the melancholy idea. After hang ng a reasonable time, the figures were cut down; bu. the effigy of Judge Douglas was too diabolical for ordinary bur‘al, #0 alter belaboring hs head with clubs, they burned him satastake. These instances of lunacy are la- mentable,and their frequency of late might lead some to believe that the sedition laws were repealed to soon. At Milwaukie, on the 6th inst., one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin declared the Fugitive Stave law unconstitutional. The case was an application for a writ of haheas corpus to release ove of the persons charged with participating in the rescue of a fugitive net long siuce. The court ordered his release. The United States Marshal, it is said, will not obey the order of the Judge. Another instance of the violence of the abolition- ists occurred in Otsego county last week. A negro committed a burglary in Elmira, some weeks since, and was arrested in Jersey City. He effected his escape from the jail, and was again arrested in Ot- sego county. The negro told some of the rabid abolitionista that he was a fugitive slave, where- upon some twen'y-cight of them, arned with pis- tole, &c., entered the room where he wa: imprisoned, under char;e of the officers, and set hm at liberty. ‘The officers remonatrated with the mob, and stated the whole circumstances connected with the arrest, but they persisted in setting bim at liberty. ON THE INSIDE) PAGES May be found Dramatic and Musical Intelligence; Nebraska as it Is—a description of the climate, soil and preductions of that beautiful region; the Con- dition of Mexico; is Mrs. Robinson Miss Wood? the return of Col. Sutile; Statistics of the San Francis- co Mint; Departure of the Indians from Washing- ton; News from Turks lelands; Political and Tera perance items; Singular Case of Abduction in New- ark; an exceedingly interesting letier from oar Bos: ton correspondent; Commercial and Financial News; and a large quantity of other entertaining matter. The News from Euryope=the Adhesion of Austria and #russia to the Coatltion Con- firmed, The arrival of the Pacitic puts us in posses sion of the text of the pro'ocol signed by the representatives of the Four Powers at Vienna. op the 28d ult., togeth sr with the official com munication addressed to the German Diet by Austria and Prussia, We publish both docu ments at length, as they serve to defiae the limited and cautious extent to which the two laiter Powers have committed themselves to the oi jects of the Western governmeuts, and to throw light upon the difiiculties that have hith- erto obstructed the completion of the negotia- tions that had been so long pending between them. Although by the terms of this treaty, and of their explanatory declaration to the Diet, Aus- tria and Prussia appear to have throwa aside the hesitation and reserve that have hithcrto characterized their conduct, and placed their tardy adhesion to the policy of the coalition on distinct and intelligible grounds, it will be seea that they limit their co-operation to two objects, which by no means embrace the difficult and dangerous questions to which the attainmeat of those very ob ects will give rise. They bind themeelves to maintain the integrity ofthe Turk- ish empire, an; to insist upon the evacuation of the Principalities as conditions indispensable to the safety an: interests of Germany, but they do notcommit t.em e.ves to the further measures that may be deemed necess.try by Eaglaad and France to prevent the recurrence of simi- lar complications, and to place the peace of Europe on a solid and permanent basis. Neither the protocol nor the explanatory declaration that accompanies it defines what the Allies con sider to constitute the integrity of Tarkey. We are nvt told, for instance, whether it is held by them to consist in the status quo ante bellun or in an entire revision of the treaties previ- ously existing between Russia and Turkey This question had no doubt arisen in the discas sions that preceded the execution of the protocol; but it being found that it presented insuperable obstacles to the adhesion of Austria and Pras sia, the Western Powers have been compelled to waive it. The German governments declare themrelves willing to go with them as far as their own interests demand a commoa actio, but it is certain that they will do nothing to weaken or control the political and territcrial importance of Russia, for they kaow well that without such a counterpoise to the power and ambition of France, and to the movements of the revolutionary party, they would be exposed to far greater dangers from ihese quarters than they have to apprehend rom a government which has a direct interest n their inlependence, As the Western Powers have pledged themselves to obtain substantial yuarantees for the security of the peace of Enrope before they lay down their arms, and as no guarantees can be effective that are not rst based on the entire revocation of the trea ties that have from time to time furnished Rus- ~a with a pretext for her encroachments on the ties of her weaker neighbor, itis evident soon as the evacuation of the Princ’pali ties is attained, (if the forces of the coalition should indeed effect that object,) an immediate plit will t ke place between the Allies, the German g vernnents considering the integrity ot Turkey secured by that fact, whilst England ond France will only look upon it as the first tep in the accomplishment of the ulterior ob cots Which they have in view, We therefore only regard this treaty in the lig’ t of an ingeni vusand equivocal expedient on the part of th: of Vienna and Berlin to enable them o steer a middle course between the two dat crous alternatives presented to them. leaving tto ev nts to determine the subsequent con uet that they may find it their jaterest to par ve. We have as yet to leara the t rms of th eret arficles appended to their separate treaty ud which, if we mistake not, will be found & rovide for the very contingency that we have cen pointin out, sphic despatch from Vienna an at the adhesion of the Germanic Coo ro Prussian treaty is x mmiitee has be n appointed ttoprepere ) formal decks We need hardly say that thie news is pyematare. With Bavarie, Saxony, and Wurtemberg directly opposed to the ob- jects of the coalition, we may look for difficul- ties being thrown in the way of the harmonious action of the Diet, ana very possibly an open separation of interests amongst its members. The smaller States of Germany have distinct political ob ects of their own, which would be subserved by the irolation of Austria and Pras- sia. The agents of Russia have been actively intriguing amongst them, and we should not be eurprised if in the bos m of the Diet itself | the real difficulties and embarrassments of the | two governments were to commence. | Inan article from the Journal des Débate, | which will be found in another part of our pa- ' per, there is a curious expose of the differences | that retarded the execution of the Austro-Prus- | sian treaty, an which shows what slender de- pendence is to be place ; on the cordial union of even those two Powers. We may expect before long to see the Pru sian mule kicking through the traces, and upsetting the delicately balanced machine in which he has been reluctantly yoked. The news from the seat of war in the South is not of much importance. The latest accounts from Silistria are to the 26th, and at that date the fortress still held out, and had repulsed the Russians four times with considerable loss. It was reported at Malta that the Allies had bombarded Kaffa, a port on the eastern coast of the Crimea, and that the Russians in their turn were menacing Erzeroum. From the Baltic, we learn by way of St. Petersburg that on the 19th two frigates cannonaded Witts- land, and on the 20th approached Erkenas, but were repulsed. The intelligence previously re- ceived with respect to the bombardment of Gustavewarna iscontirmed. The main attack was to take place on the 24th. A squadron of two- deckers had anchored off Hango, with a view to hostile operations against that place. The accounts from Greece represent King Otho as finding himself in rather an awkward fix. He has, it is said, accepted the Anglo- French ultimatum, and promised to recall the Mavrocordato ministry on condition that the Allies would not occupy the country. If they persiet in doing so, he eays he will withdraw his government and his army into the interior. In the necessity under which he may be placed of speedily changing his quarters, it is fortunate that he is troubled with such slight encum- brances. a The Madrid correspondence of the London Chronicle—an extract from which we publis) elsewhere—contains another of those mysterious but significant hints to us on the subject of Cuba, which it has lately become the habit of the English and French journals to throw out. Again we aré told that the minds of the people of Spain are made up to the loss of that island; but that it does not follow that it must there. fore fall into the hands of the United States or of any other Power. For the first part of the in- formation we are grateful to the ragacious cor- respondent of the Chronicle, for it spares us the pain of inflicting mortification upon Span- ish pride. As to the second—nous verrons. whe Position aad Prospects of Political Pac- tes—The Know Notniugs and their Recent Successes. The leaders of the old dilapidated parties of democrats and whigs, aud those who are en- gaged in forming new organizations to carry future elections on the Nebraska and tempe- rance questions, are astounded at the recent successes in municipal elections, of the native Americans, under the secret organization o! Know Nothings. It bas become evident that these secret organizations are now rapidly ex- tending their operations throughout all our large cities, villages and towas; and if their movements are eonducted with skill and dis- eretion, under the management of judicious leaders, they must not only take tempo- rary possession of the local governments of all the most important cities, villages and towns ot the United States, but also hold, for a season, the balance of power in those States where the most populous commercial and manufacturing cities and towns are situated, particularly where the influx of foreign emigration has hitherto heen so great as to influence our elections. It is well known that one of the plans of Wil- liam H. Seward to obtain political power hy intriguing for the votes of Irish and other Catholic citizens, who generally act with the democratic party, commenced while Mr. Seward was Governor of New York, some fifteen yeara since, and has been steadily pursued by Thur- low Weed, Greeley, and other partisans of the New York Senator and ex-Governor, from that time to this. Ithas also been the object of the same politicians to unite the Catholic votes of the Northern States with those of the aboli- tionists and the free soilers, to eventually promote the advancement of their leader, with the expectation of finally elevating hin to the Presidency. But in the midst of the renewed hopes of Mr. Seward’s partisans by the agitation of the Nebraska question, the operation , success, and growing prospects of the native Americans, under the new phase of Know Nothings, present an unexpected di culty to the minds of these anti-slavery whigs. Nothing, therefore, can be more ludicrous than the attempts of the Tridune and other Seward papers, to be joyful over the recent successes of the native Americans in the city of Wash- ington, the city and county of Philadelphia, and in Boston and other places, where the pros- pects of the whigs, the abolitionists or the tem- perapce men, would be sorry indeed, were it not for the outbreaks of feeling against foreign- ers by the native Americans, which have doubt- less arisen in consequence of the use of the votes of naturalized citizens heretofore made by our American demagogues for their own pur- pores. It will be recollected that after the election of 1844, the Tribune, Albany Evening Jour- nal, and other whig papers, were loud in their denunciations of their allies, the native Ameri- cans, whom they charged with c using the de- teat of Henry Clay for the Presidency in that exciting election, A dissolution of partner- -hip between the whigs and natives imme- diately took place in this city; and they have uot since acted together, except occasionally to elect a local candidate, as, for instance, in the case of Mr. Whitney to the Senate of this State, in November last. We now hear that so far are the natives from co-operating in the plans for the promotion of Seuator Seward, het they intend to take possoasion of the whig prmary meetings in the ensning fall, aud here! y to elect a majority of Kuow Nothings o the Whig State Convention, which will no sninate candidates for Governor aud other State ficers next fall, Among the candidates amcd for Governor, or tuiked of, Ly the ne tives, are Judge William W. Campbell, of this Francis Granger, of Oatario; Samael 8. iner, of Sufolk conuty, Long Island s Lather Bradish, of this city; and Solomon G. | The Empire City—Semething about the Re- Haven, of Buffalo. It is understood that Judge Campbell would be more acceptable to the friends of Governor Seward than any other man among the natives; while Mr. Granger, as @ national whig, and particularly as the leader of the silver grays in 1850, would be particularly objectionable to the Seward men and abolitionists. Mr. Gardiner is a brother of the late David Gardiner, and has been long retired from politics. He formerly resided in this city, and was twice elected to the Assembly, of which body he was a prominent member. Mr. Haven is a member of the present Congrese, and was formerly a law partner of ex-President Fillmore. Mr. Bradieh, it is well known, has been Lieutenant- Governcr of the State, and has held many im- portant public stations, besides those he now occupies in this city. He is generally popular with men of all parties. We are not aware that either of these gentlemen has been con- sulted with regard to the use of their names as candidates for nomination. Itis probable that the operations of the Know Nothings will swallow up a large portion of the influence of the temperance mea atthe coming primary and general elections. It will doubtless be the object of the shrewd men among the temperance leaders and those of the Know Nothings to co-operate in those cities and villages where the tempe- rance question is predominant, in order to insure success in their movements. Bar- gains may also be expected between anti- Nebraska candidates for Congress, and tempe- rance and native candidates for the Assembly, and for State officers. It will require all the ingenuity, tact and skill of the democratic poli- ticians, even if they are able to unite their present disorganized forces, to counteract the combined plans and bargains of the whigs, free soiler:, temperance men, and Know Nothings. In the former efforts of the native Americans, at elections, under their old organizations, they were only successful in a few of the pepulous cities, towns and villages of the United States, principally on the seaboard—but rarely pene- trating into the interior, and being almost un- known asa party in the rural districts. But look- ing to their future prospects, and the compara- tive superior increase of population in the large cities and towns in the United States over the rural districts, itis by no means impossible that so active and vigorous a party as the natives have recently proved themselves to be, uuder their secret organizations, may be able to hold the balance of power, for a brief period of time, in many of the most important States of the Union, and would, perhaps, in the present dis- ruption of the old parties, control a sufiicieat number of the electoral votes of the United States to elect a President of their own pe- culiar views, were an election to take place within a year instead of 1856. The following are the principal States having populous cities, where native American organi- zations may be expected to take place, and thus influence electoral votes at the next elec. tion :— The whole number of electoral votes of the thirty-one States is 296—making 149 necessary toachoice. It will therefore require but little additional force to the balance of power votes which the Know Nothings may hold at the next Presidential clection, to enable them to carry their points. All, however, will depend on the manner in which the Koow Nothings proceed and continue to act, under every variety of circumstances which may arise. Should they nominate independent tick- ets of their own, for State and national offices, they will probably be defeated, and rapidly de- cline as a party; but if they imitate the course of the anti-renters, in selecting candidates al- ternately from those of the old political parties, they may last longer, effect a great revolution in the government of the State and nation, break up the old parties, and exercise an im- portant influence on the politics of the republic. Awrtrt War News rrom Wasntvetoy.—Ac- cording to a flaming despatch from Washington, in one of our evening cotemporaries of last Saturday, we are on the verge of a war with Spain, by land and sea, on a grand scale. The urmy and the navy are instantly to be put ona war footing—every available vessel of war is forthwith to be prepared for action—every pub- lic ship in our home ports is to atand forth in expectation of a speedy call to battle. More sailors, more marines, more soldiers, are to be drafted into the public service. The original intention of the President and Secretary Gath- rie, of reducing the surplus revenues in the Treasury by a modification of the tariff, is over- ruled ; and, notwithstanding the Treasury sur- plus is rapidly doubling upon the hands of Guthrie, it is believed that we shall sooa want it all, and, perhaps, a considerable loan be- sides, Mr. Cobb, of Georgia, and Mr. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, are going over to Spain oa purpose to kick up a row; and they will not return till they shall have exasperated Queen Isabella, her cabinet, | and her court, to the fighting point When this poiut is achieved, Cobb, Dallas and Soulé are all to come home together, and we are to have instanter a blazing war, beginning with the descent of the home squadron, and ten thousand filibusteros, armed to the teeth with George Law’s second hand muskets and artillery, and resolved to build a monument to Lopez in the Grand Plaza of Havana before they leave the island. Such, with a little additional coloring, is the drift of the war news ofan evening cotemporary. Furthermore, we are informed that the Cabinet have been “sitting” on the subject of a war message to Congress, and that we may expect such & firebrand to be thrown into the House of Representatives almost any day this week. The war spirits of the Cabinet, then, have tri- umphed. Spain must sell out her interest in the island of Cuba at once, or fight. The Nebraska bill having failed to rally the country to the support of the administration, nothing is left them but the “hue and cry” of war. A few months since we were on the eve of a terrible war with Mexico, and General Garland was sent down to the froatiers to open the ball That war ended in the Gadsden treaty. This with Spain will probably wind up with a still more ridic’ lous conclusion. Let us have the war message. We cannot rely upon the bluster of the Cabinet again, nor upon the manifestoes of Washington letter writers. Give as the war meseage. sont ae rd sources, Popaiation and Importance of New York. The remark that New York is a great place bas become a truism; but we do not think that even New Yorkers are aware of the extent, population, power and resources of this city, the metropolis of the Western World. The city of New York now occupies the posi- tion of a great maelstrom or whirlpool, into which the produce und population of the world are irresistibly drawn; but here the comparison fails, because the whirlpool destroys, and New York merchants enrich, improve, and beautify. New York artists are hailed with loud acclama- tions in all the provincial cities. A New York reputation is a sure pas-port for the merchant, the artist, the mechanic, the author, in any part of this country, or even the civilized world. New York! How many hearts beat high with the anticipations which are formed of the great city! How many plans are laid to secure fame and fortune in jts busy thoroughfares, and how few are ever realized! New York! In Eu- rope the oppressed victims of king craft and priest craft revere the name, and wait with im- patience the hour when they shall set their feet upon its free shores. New York! The noble city, glow‘ng with youth, wealih and beauty, sitting at the gates of the Western World and receiving the riches of the earth as they are poured intu her lap Ah! New York, with her busy thor- ougbfares, her crowded avenues, her maguifi- cent shops, her immense population and her unconquerable enterprise, is yet destined to be the greatest city in the world. Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston and New Orleans will always have a good position among the large cities, but New York will be the metropolis, In order to prove the truth of these statements, both for the benefit of New Yorkers and our readers abroad, we have prepired certain statistics of the populition, included in a circle, the centre of which is the City of New York and the ex- treme point is twelve miles from that place. The population of all the small towns is not given for 1840, for the reason that in some cases the towns did not exist, and in others no census was taken. The statistics of 1850 are full,and believed to be correct. Those of 1854 are estimated, and the estimates will never be found over the mark; they are generally too low. The annexed table gives a relative view of the population “twelve miles around New York, for 1840, 1850 and 1854 :”— 1840. 1850 1854. 812,852 515,547 659,000 36,228 93,838 120,000 5 000 80,780 48,000 17,200 38,894 46,900 5,000 11,473 20,089 ‘500 33739 7000 400 3107 6,000 100 1,155 3,000 115 2,129 4,090 — 1,004 2.000 2,000 5.876 7,000 2,500 4,247 6,000 ‘600 208 9,000 1,800 5,889 7,000 1,600 4,020 6,000 ee 2;709 4,000 - 2, 5,010 Frsnklin 1,741 3,600 Hachengack - 506 4,510 Harrington rs 14195 2,000 Hobokur. ce 2274 4,000 aie 2}000 = 2265 33000 < 1,000 1,500 _ 1,800 —_ 1,000 2,758 4,000 800 ‘2,668 1,600 — 1,345 2,000 1,500 8,578 5,000 2,000 4,517 6,009 ‘a 3,514 4,500 <4 3,385 4,000 3,451 6,583 6.500 = 2,508 3,500 100 2,492 4,000 1,200 3,000 4,000 ‘v0 2,500 3,000 pars ~- 1,500 Totals. - 899,091 789,071 1,020,989 In 1840 the population of the Sonthera dis- trict of the State of New York amounted to 745,853 souls. In 1850 it had increased to 1,107,416 souls, and in 1855 it will probably ex- ceed a million and a half! It should be stated that as some of the towns in New Jersey were not enumerated in the census of 1840, an addi- tion of 25,000 should be made to that column. We give the population of the country twelve miles around New York, because the small towns are entirely dependent upon New York for their existence. Several of the places above nemed are owned entirely by New York mer- chants, who have their country seats within a convenient distance of their business. The high rents demanded for decent tenements in New York have driven thousands of people out of town. To this source alone the cities of Brook- lyn and Williamsburg owe their rapid increase in population, while, ly the same means, towns like Astor'a, Maspeth, Winfield, &., &., have eprung up like magic, so that the western end of Long Island is dotted with tho white cot- tages o! New York merchants, and smiling like a rural paradise as it is, while the remainder of the island is as desolate and desert-like as it was fifty years ago. Now the cities of Brook- lyn and Williamsburg, and the town of Bush- wick, are te be consolidated. A noble city of nearly two hundred thousand inhabitants will thus be the capital of the “State of Long Island.” On the Jersey shore, on Staten Island, and a portion of Westchester county, the same rush of population and the same increase of villages and towns are noted. Farms have been pur- chased and cut up into lots—cottages have risen with the rapidity of fairy palaces (many with but little more stability)—new lines of railway, stages and plank roads have been in- corporated, and the arms of epeculatioa, Bria rens like, threaten i» grasp at and destroy every pretty suburban spot within twenty miles of New York. Figures do not lie. Mathematical calcula- tions are of more account in this work-day world than tranacendental speculations. The above statistics are more eloquent than care- fully dove-taile1 sentences with fall and glow- ing periods. The people within these twelve miles eit:er do business in New York, or else they feed, cl.the and lodge New Yorkers. We show, then that we have as large a population as is contained in the whole State of Massachu- [ setts, und double the amount of Philadelphia, even since the act of consolidation—eight times that of Bultimore—nine times that of Bostoa, and one twenty-fifth part of the eatire popula- tion of the United States. To the population of New York proper should be added tifty-thon- sand, that being the average number of stran- gers and sojourners, who do not, of course, help to swell the census. The above is the result of a hurried glance at the preseut condition of New York city. Should the same unexampled prosperity coa- tinue to reward the enterprise of its citizeas— and there is no rearoa to imagine that such will not be the ease—what power, what glory, aod what in portance will be the inheritance of their porterity! Certain itis that no city oa this continent can ever rival New York. Itiv by no means siagalar that with all this ood, there is much that is bad, We have neve had a good city government, our building tem is very bad, the credit system is G to its utmost limits by our young merc and many of our political leaders are nuisen But the time is coming when the people Tegulate all these things for themselves,’ have been so much engaged in business they have allowed grog shop politicians to 4 the city and fill their pockets. Thishas bron about numerous social evils, The people not suffer much longer, without; a vi ous attempt to right themselves. “It isac summation most devoutly to be wished.” it come. Let us have: a crisis as soon as p sible. We can afford such a luxury, and it nf do a great deal of good. Meanwhile, will Glasier take a look at Broadway and some the other principal streets? There are a g many strangers in town, and they do not that reverence for mud and _ filth which for part of the creed of the heads of department’ City Hall. OvrraGe UPON THE AMERICAN CoysuL Tvurx’s Ietanp—In another column will found the details of an affair in which our od sul at Turk’s Isiand, Joho L. Nelson, figures as the sufferer, and which, if the sta| ments in question prove, on inquiry, to be c rect, will demand prompt action on the part! our government. We must premise that # communication from which the facts are glean 18 somewhat obscure in its phraseology, and evidently written under feelings of strong 4 eitement. The circumstances of the case, we understand them, are briefly these :— Nelson, against whom a strong personal ieelin is said to exist amongst some of the authoritiq in consequence of the firm and energetic m ner in which he defends the interests oi bh countrymen,, was brought before the poli court and fined $200 for an alleged as.ault d one of the magistrates. Our corresponde! states that the charge was wholly unsubs' tiated by evidence. Not content with this, th Prorecutor got him again before the Suprem Court, by which, without any formal trial, q even the empanuelling of o jury, he was cor demned to pay a further fine of £27 13s. 6q Mr. Nelson, considering the fine an impositioy refused to pay it, and has been according] committed to the common jail, where it is state to be his intention to remain until the action a his government procures his liberation. Th aflair has, it seems, caused great excitement o: the island; and an attempt was even meditate to forcibly rescue Mr. Nelson. It will ve see: by this gentleman’s letter that the hurried de parture of the vessel by which this statement has reached us, prevented him forwarding 4! his version of the matter; but he promises tq tranemit it to us by the next mail. We shall therefore, reserve the observations that the case suggests until the facts are fully before us. CommoporE Perry’s TREATY wits Japan. From the Hong Kong correspondence of the London Times of April 12, we have the previon reports of the opening of Japan by Comma dore Perry confirmed. Two of the ports to be opened to our commerce are named; and as the imperial city of Jeddo is not one of them, it is evident that the Japanese authorities are no’ yet prepared for the most intimate relations| with the outside barbarians. It is given out; that the treaty of Commodore Perry covers the privilege of commercial reciprocities with all other nations, which we think is most probably the cage, as it is no part of the policy of the United States to monopolize the privileges of traffic with the Japanese, or any other foreign people to the prejudice of other commercial nations. We can, at least, afford to be as libe- ral in our peaceful negotiations with Japan, as England was in closing up her opium war with China. The report that the Russians had anticipated the objects of Commodore Perry is without foundation, so that the achievement of remov- ing the barriers which have to this time cut off the islands of Japan from all the rest of the world, except a ship or two from Holland and afew junks from Chiaa, belongs exclusively to our government, our squadrons, our Commo- dore, and the friendly letter in that gold box, and other presents of President Fillmore to his sublime Majesty the Emperor. We take it for granted that the principal ob- ject of this Japan expedition has not been over- lecked by Commodore Perry. Heretofore; “outside barbarians,” including Americans, Britich, French, and all other sailors, except. the Dutch and Chinese, suffering the misfortune of shipwreck among the Japanese Islands, have- either been massacred on the spot, or exhi- bited about the empire in cages, like wild beasts, till death has put an end to their tor- tures. Mr. Fillmore made the suppression of this species of Japanese hospitality a sine qua non in his familiar letter to the Emperor in. that gold box. We may, therefore, safely con- clude, although the old Emperor is dead, that the new one has been persuaded by the appeal of our late President, and the presence of our squadron, to guarantee the safety and good care of such American sailors, or sailors of any other nation, as may hereafter be wrecked upon. the coasts of the isles of Japan. This was the first object of the expedition under Commodore Perry—the second was commercial reciproci- ties, and both these being gained, we may hope that the third object has not been overlooked, to wit: the privilege of dispensing tho blessings of the Christian dispensation among the indus- tricus, ingenious, but exceedingly benighted: inside barbarians of the imperial islands of Japan. Brooktyn City Intell; A FONT To THR POLICEMEN OF THR er. ra Warp.—Ths etteution of the poicemen of the Fifth ward might be directed to the conduct of the scho! ing an3 sto! in catch alone, until they have every child in the neighborhood, and ap anv: residents. Unless checked something serious limb will probably occur. Court Calendar- This Day. Surgrion Couxt—(Two ee ‘467, 208, S70, 271, 272, 27%, bbz, 328, 1 AT, es! 108: 1686, 1002, 1094, 908, 1108, io is, 5, 916, 905, (86) "1118, 107, 1228, B10, 88, 82, 1103, 1103, 1116, 1132, 1i14, 1516, 1118, 1120, 1122, 1124," 1128, 1180, 1132,” 1134,’ 1198, 1188, 1140, 1142, 1144, 1140, 1066. ance to life or Cameo-Dagucrreotypes, by Chas. ‘n. wie LIAMDON, Gallery in Brookiys, 269 Palton asroet, oppo #t6 Chir ton. The Great Eeltpse,.—UThove Twenty-right pleniid views of the Tate eclipse of the sun can de teen vay ond ovenizg st [OO DS wagmigmifcent day ory 26% Bronuwey. St reoty per oray of deguerre ty pes on papor, Heese & Cows erreoypes, 239 Broad=, E10 reward <1 wil: pay ve thet the Keese & tat Tes removed fr 1 y man nat th 385 Broadway.=It e Rai ed jude rhowt wines, 0 ih 4 thoit venient rooms aud wkylight at tas irondwes,