The New York Herald Newspaper, May 15, 1854, Page 2

Lracted their empire for more than half a century. This dynasty existed 278 years, furnishing thirteen emperors, the last ascending the throne in 1571. At this period the chous (before referred to) had become very poweriul, and seeing the distracted Btate of affairs in the Chir empire, under Wanlie, tlecided to make war, under the lead of Tienming. ‘This war lasted for some time: 3 result was achieved, both W: died, For twenty years now the w great fury. The hative generals spiring to the of them, » pretender, made a treaty the Mai and with their fgssistance succeeded in, expelli » usurper from athe throne, which he had almont conquered an laced oreon the first Manchou emperor, in the ee rege long wars, which had devastated Zhe country, caused the Chinese to hail the Manchou rmperor a3 a deliverer. He lived, however, but 9 Bhort time, dying of a fatal disorder. Before his death he named his grandson, Shunche, his suc- cessor, who, although a minor, (being but fourteen ears of age,) ascended the throne in 1652. From hat day to this have the Manchous, without any serious opposition, ruled China, Under Shunche the dynasty was fully established, but long and terrible were the wars which achieved jt. Even to this day—more than two centuries hav- ingintervened—may be seen, all over the empire, ins of cities, large estates with gardens, and walls standing, evincing by their present appearance how much elegance and wealth in all existed, where now all is ruin. About the great city of Nanking this is particularly the case, for, although it contains a population, variously estimated at from three to four millions, still the old walls are in ruins, far beyond the present one, and so marked is it, even to day, that the British noticed it in 11842, when that great capital was taken by them. From the active and warlike habits of the Manchous, they were, physically, a powerful race, and each lived to reign ager ‘than any other set of princes, since the fabulous time: The fifth emperor ¢ @acended the throne the dignity so characte We kept low company, throne were numerous, when, fin to vevenge himself uy with on another ni h this dynasty, Kea King, 179% He had none of ristic of the Manchous. was entirely disregard{ul f the affairs of State and annual customs, such B the annual hunts, plough matches, &c., the rglect of which the Chiuese will neither excuse nor Nerlook. ‘opular, both with the Chinese and Tartars, so that rvolutionary societies were formed throughout the ronement. themselves Triads. and the party now holding this city Imperialists, rally under that banner. ea King, like the rest of his pre boa old age, sustaining his empire against all attacks, and in 15820 died, naming his son, Taon- Kwang, (glory of reason,) as his successor, Un- der him the British war occurred. He died in 1850, after naming, as his successor, his fourth and only surviving son, under the title of Hien-Foung, who is the seventh, and, from the signs of the times, is destined to be the last Emperor of that most remarkable dynasty. He was but nine- feen years of age when he ascended the throne, He s therefore now in his twenty-fourth yea Having been educated among the ‘ati of China, he entertains their well known hatred to all foreigners. His first act was the selection of his ministers, who, like himself, were mere children, and who also entertained violent prejudices against all outside barbarians. He removed from office all who were known to be favorable to foreigners. So soon as this was g¢ ‘ally known, the diseatisfaction giving rise to this rebellion was jn a great measure increased. This effort to re- establish the exclusive principle, which had been Bhattered by British cannon and British enterprise, Sf persisted in, would destroy any dynasty. The Chinese were drivgy at the point of the bayonet into the possession of great Knowledge, and since Bhen they have made most rapid st Ever; ‘vessel that comes into these ports brings back hundreds of Chinamen from California and Austra- Jia, as well as a few from other parts of the world, pote, having for their ultimate object his de- | Among them was a society, styling ‘his society exists to t ay, gainst 20,900 cessors, lived ‘all of whom spread the leaven of their experience. | "This has been the case to such an extent, that there is scarcely to be found in any of the seaports a Chinaman who has not quite a good general idea of the leading nations of the world. They have ad- vanced too far, then, to retreat; consequently, let this present rebellion result as it may, one thing is certain, that to have any firm hold upon the active business portion of the empire, even the present re- strictions must be relaxed part by part, until finally the whole country will be open to free and unre- stricted trade. OntNTAL. Suanouax, Cura, March 1, 1854. Blow Progress of the Imperialists in the Siege of Shanghae dts Causes—Exhaustion of the Imperial Treasury—Sam- qua on His Last Legs—His History—Celebration of Washington's Birthday—Primitive Character of the Med! Aivig— No Lremen wyenee oy ve weeypver Shanghae—Interestinn © = seareccrim between Him and the Forces Under General ted by the Latter—The friad So- | Lew—Alrocities Comm: ciety—The Leading Spirits Amongst Them. Since my last nothing of great importance has Lranspired between the Imperial forces here and the Triads, (or small sword society,) under Gen. Lew. The latter still hold Shanghae, although Samqua has Teceived an additional force of 5,000 men, and from his camps, which are on two sides of the city, is bombarding the same night and day. When this Additional force arrived it was supposed by all that Bamqua would make a desperate effort, but as yet hhe has done nothing. Many conjectures are around as to the motives of such delay; some think it is because the powder of the Imperialists is wet, others think because the treasury is too empty, the latter of which reasons would with a Chinaman be final. In every attack which has been made upon the city Samqua bas been obliged, before they would advance, to turn out the Carolus dollar quite liber- ally. The Imperial chest at Peking is empty, and no vessels have entered or cleared at this port for Sometime, and, therefore, Samqua is upon his last Yegs. Before the fall of this city he was rich—said 20 be worth $300,000—bnt in its defence he has lost all, and the chances are that if he does not effect its recapture soon, that he will be ordered to Peking, Bhere to pay with his life and those of his family the forfeit always exacted from Chinese officials in case of failure in what they undertake to accomplish. If such a fate should befal him, it will be much re- Bretted by all Americans, as his career in life has evinced a character which we all admire the most, viz.—the self-made man. Samqua was a Hong merchant at Canton, which is the third class in China ; scholars and agricultur- sts being, as a general rule, only advanced to poli- ical or official distinction. He speaks English a little, and when the treaty was made with the Eng- lish, he accompanied the imperial commissioner ap- pointed for that purpose, and performed an impor- fant part in the negotiation of the subsequent Areaties between France and the United States. After these services, he was appointed by Hien- Foung, the Emperor, as Provincial Judge of this district, and Governor of Shanghae, a high position, and which entitles him to ride in a green sedan. Thus, by his own talents and energy, he had not nly amassed a fortune, but he had even broken down, by the same means, the barriers of Chinese wustom, which very much resemble the laws of the Medes and Persians, and rose to one of the highest executive offices under the Council of State. He ee & great respect for foreigners, especially Ame- Ei On. the 224 ult., the United States ship Ply- mouth, well dressed on every mast, fired the nati al salute of twenty-one guns. Samqua, from his | war junks, returned it; while John Bull at first sent ‘on board to know the “day we celebrated”—and, after being informed, neglected to acknowledge it antil the salute from Sam qa, when he seemed shamed that a Chinaman should surpass him in prea then did od surly ered what the noknow! courtesy between all civilized nations Fhould have obliged him to do in the first place, and Frometly. Samqua's fate seems to be inevitable; perial flag of Hien-Foung must eventually Arail in the dust, and that of the genuine rebel and Christian chief, Thae-ting-wang, (Great Prince of Peace,) wave from every citadel throughout the empire. This he seems to be well satisfied of ; and J have no doubt he would gladly join the rebel | army, if it were not that in so doing the live: his Family would be the fostelt, ali of whom are now held at Peking as hostages for s good sind faithful behavior. In his naval operations he ias been quite fortanate, having purchased some ime ago two or three American brigs, and empioy- “ng all the foreigners to sail them gad vork the guns se could get, (paying them as high as $300 per h) he attacked and destroyed all the revel navy; { subsequent to that, in an attack by water upon Ake » @ chance shell ignited the magazine: alestroying the junks containing his Canton rates, who were the bravest men he had. Since Zhen no demonstration has been made by water, al- Zhough he still holds undisputed sway over all water rommunication with the city, With his land forces, althongh from fifteen to Jwenty thousand strong, he has accomplished no- a Phere is a fort opposite the city, with two rns, one of which is pronounced by our officers of amply sufficient calli to reduce the city in # few days to ashes if properly managed; they + ve accompllsued nothing, He, therefore, became exceedingly un- | he last five ee On the eastern side of the city, opposite the Little Kast Gate, in two separate hastily constructed mud forts, are the great portion of the besieging army stationed. a number of cannon, and, like their brethren on the opposite vide of the river, and, like their enemies within the walls, they use them night and day, but like them, also, to no purpose. Th t appearance of these camps to a foreigner ‘They have quite | ber of knots. months an immense amount of met in India or China; one was owned in England, ' puch portions of it as will interest the latitude of the other in the United States. To reach home they | | both had to gail the same route and the game num-— But now, Bombay, Calcutta, Singa- | which you are the centre—such portions as are irre- levant, you will of course exercise the privilege of suppressing. The writer, Rev, I. J. Roberts, has long pore, Canton and Shanghae are all many thousand | been a resident of China, and although he is now a | sort of independent missionary, disconnected with ruiles nearer to the United States than to England. sy reference to the map it will be seen that Shang- hae is almost a thousand miles nearer to San Fran- all regular missionary associations, he is represented by those who know him intimately, to be a gentle- is quite picturesque. Above the walls of these rude ¢jeco than Canton, and in addition to its geograph-*| man of unimpeachable integrity and piety, who has forts, W be ecen flags, str hich are not over four or five feet high, may mers, and banners, of all shapes and sizes, displaying, in endless variety, all the colors of the rainbow, resembling’ more a Spanich bull baiting ground on a feast day than the fortified encampment of a besieging army, Most of the troops are armed only with a spear and shield; on the former he carries his own banner, manufactured by no guide but his own taste, while | some few have muskets like those used in the Eliza- | bethan age, which have no flint, but are discharged | by propping them up by cross sticks for the purpose, | and then setting them off with amatch. No aimbe- ing taken, the ball goes none know where, and they | seem to care less. Thus do they all the morning as rapidly as they can discharge their pieces, and when chow-chow (dinner) is called they all, with asang | froid most unacountably ridiculous to us foreigners, | retire, apparently well satisfied with their moruing’s | engagement. g | _ Shanghae is a walled city, and contained before | this rebellion a population variously estimated at from three to four hundred thousand, but now it is supposed it will hardly equal one-third that num- | ber. Many have gone to other less disturbed parts of the empir ile a large number have rented houses in the foreign settlement which adjoins the Chinese city, paying enormous rents, thereby with Peking and other large cities in the Em- | increasing the expenses of houses, and also living, to a fearful price. ‘This practice is confined to the rich, but in consequence of the safety it affords them in life and property, they pay liberally. This | falls hard upon foreigners, who are dependent upon their salary for Neo we It has always been the mos | expensive part of China, but now it is by fa | the most expensive ire in the world. How long | this state of affairs will exist no one can say, for at | present it seems quite unlikely that Samqua wil | ever recover the city, and in that case the two par {ies will remain as they are until Thae-ping-wang ta Peking and establishes his throne. Whea this important event will take place no one cau | imagine. That the rule of the Manchons is fast draw ing to a close is readily admitted; but by referring to my previous letter upon the course and various | changes which the dynasties of China have under- gone, it will be seen that the destruction of a dynas- ty has, in every instance, been followed by long and distracting wars, varying in duration from ten to fifty years. This is miuch feared, and it is sincerely hoped that the new feature in this revolution (Christianity), which distinguishes it from all pre- vious ones, may exert such an overwhelming in- fluence as to prevent entirely the existence of that anarchy and confusion which all others have entail- ed upon this people, and which is so much to be deprecated. Thae-ping-wang, the leader of the rebels, was born in 1812, near Canton; he is therefore at present in his forty-third year. ‘The Rev. LJ. Roberts, a native of Kentucky, who has been a missionary here many laims to know ‘hae-ping-wang well. . briefly, is this proper name is Hung, but he assumed the title e-ping-wang, meaning Great Prince of Peace, after he started the revolution. in 1837 some oue gave him a book on a religious subject, printed in the Chinese langu For about eleven years nothing was heard from in relation to his studis, but in 1848 applied to Mr. Roberts to be baptized. As custom with such applicants, Mr. Roberts the required that he should give hima statement in writing Was as to who he was, where born, who his family were, and from whom he had received his religious instruction, &e., &c., which Hung did, evincing 80 much wonderful know- ledge of the true doctrine of Christiamty, that Mr. R. would believe he could be sincere, for he displayed a i with principles which are not often taught to the heathen, and not knowing that he had ever hada book, he (Mr. R.), at once rejected his application, as one made by an impostor. From this period but little is known of him ; but, from the best data we have, it appears that he re- tired to a small town in the province of Kouang-si, situated in the south-eastern part of the empire, and there he drew around him a few adherents, when, in 1850, some of the Chinese—for what cause is not known—persecuted him and his followers, who were then but a few hundred strong. To defend them- elves they took up arms, and, after various suc- cesses over his enemies, at the close of 1851 he found himself at the head of a large and efficient army, well equipped and officered, and in posses- | sion’ of some of the most valuable districts of the empire. From thence he has steadily ad- yanced, never having suffered a single defeat, until he is at den safely enthroned at Nanking, the ancie1 of the Chinese, bayinge™boly have advanced up- Three-fourths of the empire has fallen, not one single instance have the conquered revoited, though in many cases he has left on behind to protect his retreat, so uni- versal is the satisfaction which his goverment has sven. On sre 0 his a 1 at eng and not before, he s to have assumed the title of Thae-ping-wang, ! his books, containing the rules and laws of all t Emperor of the Thae-ping dynasty. He is a pro- gressive of the highest order.” He has declared offi- cially that he will throw the whole country open to the competition of foreign commerce; that he will sup- oho the use of tobacco and opium, and that the ent imperial or golden_city | ical position, it possesses natural advantages which will eventually render it one of the greatest commer- cial maits in the world, far surpassing Canton and Calcutta. . Canton has always enjoyed the commercial su- premacy over all other ports in China, because, until recently, no others were open. But by the treaty with Great Britain in 1842, four other ports were thrown open, the most important of which was Shanghae. All the richest tea and silk producing districts of the Empire lie much nearer to this place than to Canton, and the consequence was that after the treaty the trade of Canton began to diminish, and previous to this rebellion the trade of Shanghae equalled Can- ton, having increased in four years six hundred per cent. The climate is better, and the Chinese here like foreigners more than at Canton. In addition to these advantages, it is situated on the Woosung river, only fourteen miles from the sea, and has seventeen fathoms water at the anchorage in front of the city. This river communid&tes Grand Canal, the Yunbo, and numerous lakes, pire, and through the Yantz Kiang, which big | one of the largest rivers in the world, ing navigable for more than three thousand miles. through the | Jt communicates with Nanking, Ching Kiang-foo, | the key to the empire, as it commands, by its posi- tion at the junction of the Grand Canal with it, the transit of all supplies for the capital. By the same means it communicates with the great city of Su- chow, the most commercial, wealthy, and Inxurious of the empire. Nanking is distant but one hundred and forty miles, and has opposite the city ten fa- thoms of water, mid-channel. Ching Kiang-foo is distant but one hundred; and Suchow, called the Yaris of China, is but seventy-eight miles. In addi- tion to these important places there are many others, which are known but little about by foreigners. This city, therefore, is connected by water with one-third of China, an advantage which all the other seaports in China collectively does not enjoy. This gives it an enormous internal as well as external trade, con- stituting it an emporium where there is an exchange of national and foreign commodities with all other parts of the empire. Japan, too, is but % when it is opened to trade the merchants residing here will control its foreign trade—here will be the depot to supply any deficiency. Only thirty miles above Nankdng are immense fields of coal, and at Nanking there is a large coal yard, from which the French war steamer Cassini, ‘which visited there a few mouths since, obts being tested by the engineer, was pronounced by him to be equal to any coal in the world for steam _ nd even here, previous to this rebel- | ion, it could always be obtained in any quantity for | papers from $7 to $10 per ton. These great advantages have long been known and fully appreciated by the British government, and hence the vigilant eye she has kept upon the | movements of all other nations in this part of the world, claiming and reiterating time and again, until it has become a by: “That she must be treated like all other nations.” The Bonin Islands, which are situated about half way between this port and the Sandwich Islands, and which seems to have been placed there by nature for a coal depot, | six hundred miles distant, and Eee are at par; Spanish 1 ied a boat load, and after | for traus-Pacifie steamers from California to this port, have been claimed, at least their most impor- | tant port,(Lloyd,) by that government. It is also believed here, that she is contemplating in her next treaty with China, the acquisition of this important ' point, making it like Hong Kong, a colonial de- pendency of the British crown, If she can succeed in this it will be a death thrust to us, and will estab- mission boa: lish her commercial supremacy in this part of the world for many years to come. diplomatic officers are Her judicial and atid liberally, her consul re- ceiving as much as is allowed our Minister, besides being furnished quarters to live in. In addition to all these advantages which the British tending government affords her citizens, she is ex- her steam mail system throughout the whole Pacific, and has inereased the compensation for the China lines alone, to fifteen hundred thousand dol- lars annually. have in all their lines over the Pacific, from fort; waste Ba. SE Brith fifty first class vessels, and charge from kere to Hong | we WUCR auto | fh Gonsul’s report, at Canton, | y have transported as freight since the Ist of | July, 1853, up to February 15, 1854, on their steam- ers trom Shangbae and Canton, via the overland ioute, to England, 45,000 bales of silk, each weigh ing 106 2,385 00 a year from one article alone. offered if our government would only lend to enterprising capitalists ! would be well to im With a sagacity it enterprise of her people. ibs., which, at 50c. per Ib., amounts to | Bible 0 received by the company in two thirds of What 2 prize is here its aid a tate, England has always sought » departments, emanate from him, as the first | opportunities to benefit and increase the commercial This has been the great secret of British strength. It has given her the control of the commerce of the world, and has made her sea-girt land the centre of Many thanks to the donors and the As the United States the commercial universe. last emblem of the Tartar rule, which was imposed Seems to increase in commercial power, just so does upon the Chinese in 1752, by the first Manchou Tar- England protect and foster her own interests. American capitalists can never hope, single handed, tar Emperor as a mark of subjection, shall be lopped off. His ground isa bold one, as it breaks down the customs in there particulars which have existed for centuries; but should he live, he will most certainly successfully carry them out. | Gen. Lew and his followers, who now occupy Shanghae, claim that they are a branch or Thac- ping-wang’s army, but, for many reasons, none be- jeve it, for, if Thae-ping countenanced him, he could, and no doubt would, long since have sent from Nanking forces and money to pia aid. It is clearly ascertained that thus far he has not been noticed although he (Lew) claims in his last manifesto issued but aday or two ago, that he is the dispenser of power in this part of the empire under the order of his superior master at Nanking. The horrid atrocities which are bein, perpetrated under him daily, would never receive the sanction of the Emperor at Nanking. His policy throughout all his conquests has been to alleviate the buithens of his countrymen, and through it has he won the love even of those he has conquered, and not like Lew in this city after he had taken it, spread destruction and desolation among the harmless and unarmed populace, destroying women and children promiscuously without measure or mercy. Gen. Lew belongs to the Triads, or small sword so- | ciety, a community having their existence first dur- | ing the reign of Kea King, grandfather of the pre- sent Manchou Emperor,Hicn-Foung, the prime object of which was the dethronement of that prince. It exists chiefly in the southeastern provinces, partic- ularly at Amoy and Canton, and comprises all that portion of the Chinese so well known at both those ports as the pirates, From those ports his forces came. They have private signals and signs like the Masons, which no one uninitiated can possibly com- rehend. Lew himself wasa sugar broker at Shang- ic Non to ballet and was never known 0 have expressed the least sympath Christians or their creed, yew: Oey Dr, Martin, formerly from Ohio, and lately a physician in good practice at Amoy, is the Surgeon | General of Lew’s army, and the leading fighting | man, having performed many feats of great persotal j daring. His habits are bad, and the Chinese are be- ginning to lose their confidence in him. At present it appears he is confined in the city by order of General Lew, on account, as is alleged, of his having given important information to those | | ontside the walls. In the same army there is a dis- | tinguished Colonel, who was known well among the | foreigners, previous to this rebellion, as the “hors y" of a wealthy merchant. These are the ante- | cedents of the most distinguished spirits in the rebel San of the Triads. Judging from them one can | readily form a correct estimate of the main body. | Wages as high as from three to five hundred dollars is being offercd by both parties for the services per month of all foreigners; the conse- quence is that the sailors of all the men-of-war in port, of all nations, are deserting at every opportu- nity, and joining one or the other party. This is particularly unfortunate, as the more ‘foreigners they have on both sides the longer will the struggle last, for Brother Jonathan is too smart to close pre- cipitately a business which yields him, in addition to large perquisites, from three to five hundred dol- lars per month, ORIENTAL. Sitanonan, Crixa, March 4, 1854. i ely to become one of the greatest Commercial Emyporivms in the W superior advantages over Canton and CaleuttamTne Bonin Isande—Their Im- | portance—Likelihood of their vecoming a Dependency of | the British Crown—Injurious Influence of such an Ac- quisition to American Commerce—Sagaeiour Policy of Creat Britain in Chine—% , | Dipkematic and Consular Shangha The United States are geographic ully placed so as to command the commerce of the world—thus spoke Napoleon forty years ago. Ifthat were true enongh then to attract his attention, what would he say of | The Fer. Mr. us now since we have annexed Oregon and Califor. nia, giving us a seaboard on the Pacific of over one thousand miles? Hitherto in all parts of the world, except Europe and the West Indies, the ships of the two great competitors on the ocean have met barely | and repairing them at h was off y of a Revision of our | gers to | sand de second class Liverpool lines would to Australia £10 to £11. to contend against the whole power of the British government, _ But the American government should lend their aid to a steam line from Shanghae to San Francis- co. The attention of the government should be more given to China, and our entire establishment, diplomatic and consular, should be put upon a foot ing somewhat approximating to other governments. Geographically, we command the world, but th establishment of English power here will shut u out from this port for years to come. We have the power delegated us by a divine Creator; let us not, then, throw it away. "Politically speaking, we are the strongest government in the world; bound by the two oceans, isolated in our territory, united in our interests, and confident in our resources, we are equal to the struggle for commercial supremacy with any nation on the face of the globe. ORIENTAL. NG, March 8, 1854. Hone K Trregulevity in the Delivery of the 2 The Susquehanna Expected with News from Jeddo—The Mania for Consiguations to San Francisco on the In- ereare—Progress of Emigration to California. There is great complaint of the non-arrival of your paper regularly, and the mail never, or very rarely, | brings your latest dates. 1 have heard that many American houses in Shanghae and Canton also com- plain of the non-arrival of your paper. The officers of the squadron make the same complaint. Can it be that owing to the large quantity of papers com- ing forward each mail, they are either thrown out at the New York or London post office? There is something wrong somewhere, which you will have to inquire into if you wish to retain subscribers this 7m y. Foimerly we used to receive them very regu- rly. We look for the steamer Susquehanna by tl from Jeddo. She will bring pny of Coane Perry’s second reception, and we shall then know the truth or not of the report of the Russian treaty, Which is much doubted heve. When she arrives [ will pick up all the items of inf Hold of and write you, anton oan get The Commodore has received instructions to feo om- the Susquehanna at the disposal 0 wissioner, Mr. McLane. ; wale ae sippi his flag ship, vie San Francisco. We are looking for an_appropriaticn this seasion, by C ee for a line of steamers to San Franciaco; they will pay well. The rage for emigration this winter is tremendous, not only there but to Aus- tralia. Tonnage was never so scarce as at present all over the East. There are shout twelve thousand passengers waiting opporvanities for California, and the price of passage has risen from $42 to $75, no- thing found. A steamer would easily get $150. It | would well pay some of the California steamers to come on here—one carrying one thousand n- | gers—which she could éasily do. The Chinese do | He will make the Missis- and most probably return in her, hot require much accommodation, and on an ave- | accept the higher call of usefulness at Nanking, which f ave a ton freight, at | which would fill here, Freightsto are $24 per ton, to London £6. Ween = bd ew — engaged full are the At eae be buck, R. Milan, and Free Trade, in, Ney d Yorks he Chinese are paying preposterou: or vessels to California, baying up py bond ont t ye The Wizard ed fifty thousand do arty passen- alifornia, or one hu yenty thou ars to purchase her. Some of our lar i pay well. Freight Hoxo Kona, March 10, 1954, Roterts’ Annual Missionary Report Progres of the Revolution Our New Consul at Hong Kong and Amoy—Commercial Affairs. dc. ’ Tsend you herewith a somewhot singular and in- teresting document, which, if you have not already | ; seen it, you may find to be of sufficient interest to | wwever, but to waste | uponeqnal terms, An American and British ship | American readers to induce you to give a place to | b | ready | arrived at Sha | ceeded up the Yang-Tsz-Kiang with Dr. Taylor to done much to enlighten and elevate the people among whom he has been laboring. Tae-ping-wang, the leading chief and master-spirit of the present revolutionary movement, was for several months a pupil of Mr. Roberts, and it was at that time that he obtained his first knowledge and ideas of the Chris- tian religion, and had sown those seeds of civil and religious freedom which have been exhibited in the present struggle to throw off the shackles of religious intolerance and pagan idolatry, and to emancipate this vast people from the oppression of a grinding despotism. We have no later news of the progress of the revo- lution than that which you doubtless received by the mails which left here on the 25th ult. The people in the Canton and other southern districts, are only waiting for the rebels of the North to make sure of the capital, (Peking,) and then they are evidently join in support of the new dynasty. There is nothing new from the Japan squadron. The brig Porpoise, one of the surveying expedition, has been in this port some ten or twelve days, await- ing the arrival of the ‘chief of the expedition, who was at Australia at last dates. Gen. Keenan, the newly arrived consul for the | United States at this port, has entered upon his duties, and bids fair to make a most useful Cae ular representative of our government. . Hyatt, the consul for Amoy, has been here a week or two, awaiting an opportunity to reach his post. Owing to the disturbed state of affairs among the Chinese, there are very few vessels passing between the pore along the coast, and the representatives of the United States in these distant countries, hav- ing no eis of their own nation to depend upon, are obliged to look to foreigners for the means of reaching their Rone of destination. The weather here thus far, of the month of March, has been warm, mild, and balmy as the month of June in New York. Bills of exchange on London or the States are now at about thirty per cent discount at Hong Kong and at Canton, and are somewhat greater at Shanghae and other parts of China. California slugs ($50 pieces) are worth here and at Canton #4150, and other American gold about the sam proportion; sovereigns sell for $4 25; Mexican dol- | r cent premium; Amer- | ican silver, no sales. Freights are very high—twenty to twenty-five dollars per ton to California, and something above that, about $26, to New York, and cy scarce at that. | ‘he mails are justin from Shanghae, but bring | nothing important. The rebels still hold possession of Shanghae, Nanking, &c., and the Imperialists are making ineffectual attempts to dislodge them. The United States storeship Supply left Shangbae on the Ist inst. for Loo Choo, Drafts at Shanghae on London were selling at about 35 per cent dicount; Mexican dollars were at 20 per cent discount. No | al offering for freights, ir. McLane is expected by the English steamer, which is due in a day or two. Mr. Roberts wishes to rent or lease his well known missionary premises in Canton for one year or more, for missionary purposes only. The place is ; healthy, and well adapted to the work. ANTIPODES. Annual Report of Eider I. J. Roberts. SWANGuaK, Dec. 81, 1853. This is the last day of the year 1858. ' It has long been my habit to make an annual report as to progress, at the end of each year. In becoming a missionary, the wri- ter’s object was to do the most extensive good, both in China and at home; hence he now writes this report for the promotion of {hat object, and hopes to continue to do #0 annually unto the end. While connected with no in particular, he would become debtor to all—all raints, Christians, friends—that he might per- suade them to more faith, prayer, and zealous efforts] in bebelf of China. The items of most importance to which we shall refer, concern more the general interest than the perticular labors of the writer; yet he would grate- fully acknowledge the manifold goodness of God—an. swering our prayers, in granting us health, pecuniary support, and happiness, and the spontancous generosity, in answer to our appeal, of our very kind friends and brethren in China, England, and the Unitea States. FINANCIAL. This Pacific and Oriental Company The whole amount received during the year in ile atiae Celiguiel ooreral veaee t ted in tl ist rel Tye iene Tending a traot given him by Mr. Gutsiad.”* This en misiake; the tract was ‘whiten nor iven him by Mr. Gutalaff, but by a native convert. . Another in China says: ‘‘ To the broadcast seed of the Protestant missionary is the world indebted for the re- ligions zeal, which, infusing a perfect newness of life in all their conduct, more than any other feeling, has 80 wonderfully aided the patriots in their onward progress. To the teachings of the late Dr. Morrison in the first place, and to those of Mr. Roberts, at the time he was conducting the Canton branch of Dr. Gutzlaff’s Chinese Tnion, in the second, (according to the adm| man himself,) is sll the knowledge of Christianity pos- sessed by the leader of the Nanking army to be as- ertbed.’* ‘Two mistakes here—As to this man having been taught “in the first place by Dr. Morrison,” he never was taught by him “first”? nor last, for Dr. Morrison had been dead, more than ten years before Hung Sow-tsuen was ever introduced to any foreigner as an inquirer. And as to “Dr. Gutzlaff’s Chinese Union, in the second,” having anything to do with his instruction, that is entirely s mistake. Nor was Mr. Roberts at all con- ducting the Canton branch of the Chinese Union at the time he taught Tae-ping-wang the Scriptures. But justice to the memory of both Morrison and Gutz- laff requires that I should say, that Dr. Morrison taught the man who compiled the tract that became instru- mental in this work; and Dr. Gutzlaff's version of the Scriptures was used by the writer when he taught him, and is now used by Tae-ping-wang for circulation. A copy of Matthew and Genesis has just come to hand from Nanking, printed and published under his own di- rections, without note or comment, and ay for circulation by the stamp of his own seal on the first page. Several hundred block cutters and printers are rela to be engaged by him in this good work. I am very happy to be able to report that the word he uses for baptism—immerse—is the right word, according to the Ncigwment of Mersra. Gutvlaff, Goddard and Roberts, I ope he will persevere in using it unto the end. For God he uses both the terms which have been so much contended about. In this, I think, he is more than half right, and hope he will persevere. Though I lean my- elt, {in preference, to the latter term for daily resching purposes ; yet I think the former may sometimes be u with great propriety, especially when we allude to God as Supreme Ruler ! must not pass the favorable opportunity here of al- luding to the simple but beautiful assemblage of united instrumentalities which it has pleased the Lord to use in the commencement of this work, which now pro- mises so much. ‘Not by might nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts.” Whoever’ may have been the direct instruments it must be acknow- lecged that the power is of God, and that he exercises that in answer to prayer—‘The effectual, fervent prayer of arightcous man availeth much.”? Hence, as many of the righteous as have prayed thus for China, may have been honored instruments with God in this work. But he direct veritable instruments—a native writer and colporteur, a religious tract, and a foreign missionary— were beautifvlly united and made efficient in this one instance, which promises results more than equiva- | lent to all the money and missionary labor that | have hitherto been ‘expended by all nations and all denominations, on China. The Lord’s name be | praised! And this three fold instrumentality, foreign missionaries, native assistants, and christian books (each indispensable) united, will ultimately, with the blessing of God, consummate the work. Chini will be revolutionized, christianized, and a great | multitude saved through these means. Let christians now of all nations, with a mighty effort, come up to the help of the Lord in this great work. The harvest is great, | the laborers few. | . Inthe close, We feel in duty bound to acknowledge the | kindness and hospitality that have been shown us by the | missionaries at Shanghae of all denominations singe we arrived, especially the kind and considerate attention of the ladies to Mrs. R. in her confinement, and more espe- | cially the skilful, valuable, and gratuitous services of Dr. Lockhart. May the Lord reward them severally ac- | cording to his promise in Matthew 10:42. AN EARNEST APPEAL. T must not close without appealing to Christendom in behalf of China, Dear brethren and sisters in the Lord, Innguage is too poor to express the intense importance of | improving the present crisis for the salvation of this na- | tion, What can be said that will move your hearts to send up your prayers and alms before God in their be- | half, and bring your persons here to labor in the work? | Can’ the wailings of a million of perishing souls month move your sympathies—your hearts? This nation | presents that sad spectacle! “Come and help us stop their dire career. Can opening prospects of usefulness, | beyond, perhaps, anything ever known before, move an excite your action? ‘Then we have them in this religious | movement in China; thousands are reported now as be- lieving, and seem only awaiting the arrival of missiona- ries to gather the harvest. Several thousand persons | men ond women, in Kwang-si, where this movement commenced, are said to have cast away their idols, and | have believed in the Lord Jesus. Thus the witness ‘with | me testifies—he has been there. But they need shep- herds to gather them into folds. Who will come and gather wa But above syria on the cli- max—Tac-ping-wangjhimeelf, hi counsellors, trals and sdherenterio the number of several huatred | thourand, perhaps @ million of men and women, have | cast off their idols, profess to believe in the one living and true God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—who made heaven and earth, and daily worshi; . Is not this donations and otherwise :-.-..$1,578 57 | the moral, the religious sublime? It will be marked in big! ats “pd, tacks gremasites os 1,481 87 | his - of the epg paid aed or pate But more— al current ex: ee on 5 | the written and circ ious tracts—are Orta Sena Gn and Sco GE Tz | TOW tinting and clreulaing our Holy Seriptares without knowledging $440 through our agent Col. F. C. Meal ant ain citasaaeiar Lav fot | Seorgetown, Ky.; of which $100 was trom the Bible ‘the sine of the world, ‘cach | Poard at Nashville. Thank you, brethren, for this ap- nf God more perfectly Piece teins ine propriation: through it you will’be, I presume, the first ministry-—n Englands America, and Germeer rong fociely or board in the feld at Nanking. Also | China Come sverdnd hol ghee ae of throvgh our agent J. T. Smith, Esq., 101. Wall street, | coeevcre: son bey, £4, Seen of its reception—and tion. Thank you, brethren, for this appropriation; it will yield me mich pleasure to introdece your noble | society and its excellent publications among the first, if the Lord will, at Nank! Thirty dollars also came from Louisiana through the American Board, Boston. Board. One hundred pounds sterling have been received from England; £60 from the ese Evangelization £0. ciety, London, and £50 from the Scriptural Knowledge | Institution, Bristol. Many thanks to these socicties and _ the donors. These appropriations yielded very timely support. I know not how I should have done without them. The residue has been collected in China—dona- | Hons, tuition, &e. | Many. many most grateful thanks to the Lord for fuldiling during this year his promise, “Verily, thou shalt be fed.” Ps. 37,3. Wo commence the year with very few dollars on hand, have had no re- gular supplies, yet we looked to the Lord in prayer, and | trusted his word ‘1 will never leave thee nor forrake thee,”’ and thanks to his name we have not been disap- ee eat He = by it fp the hearts of our brethren and sisters, and of societies too to supply our | May the Lord reward them many fold. 7!) °™ Beets! ‘or are we yet connected with any Board, have no salary, tuition, nor regular supplies from any quarter; and our stock in hand fer current ex) nses, With which | we commence the year, is only $23. The residue on | hand is for printing. But we still hope in God that we shall not want, though, from our increase of family, our expenses are so increased that we se not less than hourand dollars during the year will meet our current requirements. Qur Saviour knows our needs. BOOK DISTRIBUTION. We have procured copies of the Soriptures and reli- yew York Newspapers— — sious tracts, by purchase and otherwise, for distribution, amounting to 6,920 copies, which bave been distributed. eee at ene From the first of January want | he first of January until the last | Pravetied in the Uet-tung chapel, Canton ‘aud’ vetaity 4 81 times. But, having received a letter or two, | which the former relations between Hung-Sow-Tsum ‘and the writer were referred to, and the desire expressed that we would come to Nanking and assist in teaching the people the Gospel, and baptise—immerse—them, 1 felt ganatrained to go,’ How much this was Iike the Apostle’s over into Macedonia, {Nanki | bel Acts 16:9. a a ae I} 29% Misslonacies at Hong Kong and Shanghae wrote to me advising and persuading me to go; saying and pernueding g0; a merchant in Canton me $100 specially helping with the duty | and prayerful consideration a: the Lord helping me, gomfortabl, Gauton on to go; Iwas ultimately, consultation, I resolved, , that I would fo. After havi arranged for my family at Hong Kong, I left he 5th of July, ‘in the Ariel, Captain Ayers, hae on the 80th, and immediately pro- leeply im. fter due hi Kiang-feo, where our progress was impeded by the Te perial fleet, and we had to return to Shanghac, where I met Mrs. R., from Hong Kong, 7 We have continued here ever since, having had no op. nor the pecuniary means to return. any opportunities of have been literally of the Lord.”” 5 Nor have I had preaching here, consequently I “standing still to see the salvation Tam happy t hat Tha appy to say that I have been inst the profession ani baptinm of one Gras ppsitinens ising young man, since we . One that came with me from Canton, nt uaneuae— i Sieben Mp leg IN regret to have to eay that both the Baptist chi in Canton have died «natural death. "The fest cone ears ago: without being broken up or the church booka CANTON. | fm ng ae labor in China, | south, native and foreign : but he hopes to be in. «Mandarin and Wild Duck, both load: } and hence he temoes eo | an opportunity to proceed thither and enter upon his | ever allt T red eiiher, as has been reported, whi a grievous slander ; and he that made it, eet ec riae cireulated it, did me great wrong. The other, “the Let, tung Baptist church,” after much nursing and attention, came to its end last summer. This seemed to be an in. dication of Providence that the pastor should leave and had been offered him. This unpromising his labors at Canton did not discourage nor Texve Bier without hope that he had been instrumental, during his of saving a few souls at the of many more at th and hence he is now waiting with prayerful peas work with both hands. usefulness, with God's dazzle! Never were our prospects for blessing, brighter—they almost i HUNG 80W-TSUEN. The history of this man , who is now called Tas-ping- en | 00 from the American Tract Societ; , for tract distribu- to go; a society in xeques sent | on the 23d of August. | portunity of proceeding to Nanking, and neither the will | | present the prospect is decidedly more favorable for the ct PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION. The rebellion had made little progress before the - | mexcement of this year: it had been struggling for life, and few believed it would live out the storm of imperial | wrath. But the insurgents took Nanking, the southern | capital, in March, and Chin Kiang-foo, another very im- | portant city at the mouth of the Grand Canal, about six | miles below Nanking. ‘These thoy fortified, and have kept them ever since. This caused an inquiring spirit | among foreigners, and opened their eyes to the impor- tance of the movement. For the purpose of acquiring something more than report as to the merits of the mat. ter, the British steamer Hermes visited Nanking in April, and brought back authentic information as to the reli gious character of their movements, their friendliness towards foreigners, calling them “brethren; (they quently spoke of Loo How tauen, who taught (oie mas: ter in Canton,) with quite a number of their religious and political books and tracts, Since then our expecta- tions have been raised high in reference to this move- ment, nor can we esteem the insurgents less than patri- ote, reformers, and benefactors to their country. Again in December last, the French steamer Cassini went up to Nanking, and brought back corroborating evidence of like facts. And some ring news, brightening the prospect of ‘Tae-ping-Wang’s speedy success, of a large reintarce- ment just gone on to his northern sent some months ago towards Peking, taking many large cities en route. The last news brought the report of Teen- tain, the seaport of the capital, about sixty or seventy miles off, rece into their hands, ‘and little dow! remains that Peking will soon be taken. ‘While this general movement has been strengthening and going on to consummation under the directions of eer other sectional rebellions on their own hook have taken place, Amoy was taken by in nis | | @ the 18th of May, and retaken by the imperi on the 11th of November following. Shanghae was taken by the insurgents on the 7th of September, and a siege com- menced by the imperialists on the 20th of the same month, to retake the city, which has continued ever since. And there have been some fighting and rebellious | Movements in other quarters; but these amount to little, perro np as & preparation for the people’s bowing sub- mission to Tae-ping-wang’s requisitions of casting awa; idols and opium! The hope, however, of the nation’s renovation, depends mostly, under God, we think, upon the success of his own revolutionary movements. Phe writer cheerfully confesses his solicitude for Tae-ping- wang’s success.” This ie not only from personal frend. ship, and as his teacher in christianity, but on a wide and more general scale, because he believes it will be for | the good of the nation, religiously, commercially, politi- cally and socially ; and may the God of nations success. Amen. oJ. R. We hoe, from the generous supplies of 1858 received, | our friends and brethren will not require us this year | | esp to appeal to their sympathies and liberality for | e supply of our necessi Our financial report on | the first page will show our needs; but will remember | the words of our Lord Jesus, how he said—<It is more | | Diesked to give than to receive.” (Acts xx, 35.) While | | We must content ourselves for the present with the les- | ser blessedness of receiving, we have no objections {o | rant him | be the means or objects of our friends and br | enioying the greater of giving. SRA Having changed our location we beg that our friends ond correspondents, in addressing us, will observe the fol- lowing directions:—Nothing more than— By overland via Southampton—“Rev. I. J. Roberts, care of Messrs. Russell & Co., Shanghae, China.’? x _By ship—“Rey. I. J. Roberts, China, care J. T. Smith, Erq., 101 Wail street, New York.’ Note —The overland direction is more certain and quick. er, (nding us in two and a-hall to three months. By ship it orats aca e, but is more likely to get lost, and finds us, if at all, in five or six months. The Portage on both have to bé prepaid—overland through, by ship to New | York. We desire letters, periodicals, anual reports and. | Papers. Sent by overland, however, without being pre. | paid, they stop in the London office, and having no agent | there we never get them. We have several there now. MONEY MARKET. Sunpay, May 4H—6 P.M. | ‘The stock market appears tobe improving. Within the | st two or three days there has been a gradual harden- | ing of prices, and yesterday there were unusually large Purchasers at the close of the week previous could have | closed up yesterday at a profit; but the eash sales still continue limited. Time operations appear to be the most Attractive, and seem to suit both buyers and sellers. At | wang, becomes more and more interesti a proximate the point where all nations will Scknowledge im and his court the de facto government of China. | Many at a distance, aye. and some in China, too, when | writing about this man, his rise and progress, mike some nd mistakes, Now, as this affair is to be posted » history, is it not quite desirable that the trath, whole truth, and no that the more glory up | the ing but the trath ghould . ascribed. to Fim wid Pet may bo fim who ral hope that those who have written erroneously. | will esteem correction a favor. N¢ me a intention. We have Testreston witha ect . writer from China calls him « a native of Kwang. | stocks have beeen heavily depressed, that evon the best bulls; but we haye a great deal of faith in the position of the bears, and believe that ultimately they will come out best, It must, however, be borne in mind that | dividend paying securities in the market haye been ham- | mered down to lower points than have been | This was a mistake. Hi rieen ite at is a native of Kwan-tung, miles northwest of Canton, ‘been, long before this, lange investments made ig such and the pier a a sae an eee securities as will continue, beyond a doubt, permaneatiy productive. It may not be too late yet; but there bas lately been s small advance upon the lowest points, which isso much against purchases. A rising market is more attractive to buyers than a falling one, and it is pretty difficult to bring in outside purchasers until sn up- ‘ward turn takes place. The improvement of the past day or two will doubtless attract outsiders, and it is probable that a further advance, to a moderate extent, will be re- alized. Whether it will be sustained or not, is a quostion 4 few days will settle. It is our impression that it will be only temporary, and that those who realize will soon have an opportunity to buy it again at lower prices, The bears have great nerve, and seldom give up a point, and it is by no means likely that with all the movements about being made on the other side of the Atlantic cal culated to advance their interests, they will abandon the opposition now, and leave the market to go up, without much effort on the part of the bulls. ‘The exportation of specie from this port, during the past week, is now comparatively limited, as will be seen by the annexed statement:— SiPMENTS OF SPECIE FROM THE Port or New Yore, Park Clara Windsor, Port au Prince, Am. Steamer Cur Brig Add: Steamer Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Total for the week....... Previously reported in 1854. Total this year... This is less than one-half the export the week previous, which can only be accounted for by the fact that there Was only one steamer, and that the Collins line, which is not a favorite with shippers of specie. This week there will be two steamers from this port for Europe, and the shipments will probably be very large. The Merchants’ Exchange Company has declared a dividend of four per cent. The Mechanica’ Bank will be renewed on the 1st Janu- ary next, under the free banking system. The directors propose to increase its capital to $2,000,000 by the amount of the surplus profits on the 31st December next, and te raise the par value of the stock from eighteen dollars te twenty-five per share. A. H. Nicolay’s semi-weekly gale of stocks and bonds will, a8 usual, take place on Monday, at half-past twelve o'clock, at the Merchants’ Exchange. We are requested to state that an unusually large catalogue of valuable and desirable securities will be offered, including a va- riety of stocks and bonds, and bank, insurance, and other stocks, The law proubiting the circulation of small notes in Virginia, which went into effect on the Ist of May, is very unfavorably received in some quarters. Ata mect- ing held, a few days ago, in Russell county, resolutions were passed denouncing the law, and encouraging the officers whose duty it is to enforce the law, and all others, to disregard it. It is even stated that a judge of one of the courts, and the prosecuting attorney, took part in the proce dings of the meeting. Seme of the papers in the State predict from its enforcement the most dire- ful consequences. The adjourned meeting of the committees of the seven railroad companies connecting Boston with the two Car adas and the Lakes, (comprising the Lowell, Nashua, Concord, Northern, Vermont Central, Canada, and Og- densburg,) was held in Boston on the 11th inst., and after an harmonious and animated discussion, » commit- tee was appointed with full powers to make arrange- ments for the purchase of one thousand additional freight cars, on joint account, for the aecommodation of the rapidly increasing through business of the entire line, which it is believed can be doubled by this sensible and basinese-like arrangement. The movement will be calculated to improve both the intrinsic and market value of the bonds and stock of the Central and Ogdens- burg roads, and enable the other five companies to pay larger dividends henceforth. We learn from the Indiana Stale Sentinel that there are 1,800 miles of railroad in actual operation in Indiana; 1,592 in process of construction, a good portion of which is just approaching completion, and 782 miles more pro- jected and in part surveyed. The longest of the roads is the New Albany and Salem, 368 miles; the oldest is the Madison and Indianapolis, 86 miles, commenced in 1838, and completed in 1847. This road was relaid with heavy rail in 1852, and on the first of January last was consoli- dated with the Peru and Indianapolis, increasing its length to 158 miles. Of the twenty-one completed roada eight centre in Indianapolis, which has increased hee mem inte 1240. and 7.800 in 1850. to The annexed statement exhidits the quantity and val- ue of articles, other than foreign drygoods, imported into this port during the week ending and including Friday, May 12, 1854:— Commance oF Tre Port or New York—Weaxry Imrorrs. Pigs. Value. . Value, EE pn eS HBSSEE2ES 2. s Dragon’s bi'd. Ex. safflower. 8 Lom Be Boo eesaaeescegeaeeeseee Gum copal... Iodine... a ok, Ba 8 rc oe 5 S36 2124 Toys... 3,919 Watches 1/284 Champagn 8,465 Madeira... 2,019 Wood— 46,807 Not specified. 822 Mahi core ie Ge 39,647 Wool... 59 894 Wool waste.. 119 4,526 Oil 628 Whale. 227 8 8 2,121 hale! 3,497 Other import: Gutta Hair...., Do. mf’d, transactions at a pretty general advance. Even Erie | Heney, Wl. TaN) Railroad, with all its incumbrances, was quite buoyant, | Value of merchandise put on market week end. ¥ ‘ing May 12, 1854 % $2,028,708 Value of d 6 May 12, 18st Pe ene The leading items of import during the week, were as follows:—Segars, $91,751; coffee, $55,088; madder, $82,- 025; furs, $46,807; glass, plated, $29,647; undressed skins, $42,560; brandy, $116,088; copper, $40,445; iron, $67,565; iron, pig, $41,880; cutlery, $92,600; ha $93,826; lend, $85,011; tim, $65,872; sugar, $211,292; tea, $212,504; wa’ $07,062; oll, whale, $129,444; halebone, $71,100, Known for years, and that as bare investments, | a Ccue tsa td without any regard to speculative prospects, many naa te ii Tae Mabe Ca haan awe lew tan of them have been desirable purchases. But for the | Foton with lake Seperionn. nen ae impression which was for a time quite general, that 9 | The sgth of the exeevation, from water greater reduction would be realised, there would have | 4.350 feet, to which is added the pier below, 308 feet 158 = and the bank at tue head, 1,000 :feet Sede EVER 6 ES aideaiidectaaine: