The New York Herald Newspaper, February 12, 1854, Page 2

AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. Our London and Paris Correspondence Turkeg and Russla---Ths Sultan, the Czar, Omer Pacha, &o, &e, & From our London Correspondent. ALDEAMARLE StRasr, PiCcADOIne: f Lonpon, Jan, 20, 1854. Differences between France and Belgium—Sincerity of the Austrian Alliance—The White Slaves of England. There seems now to be no longer any doubt that there are serious disagreements between the King and the government of Belgium, and that they may not improbably resolve themselves into a breaking: up of the ministry, though for the present at least a temporary arrangement has been effected. The sub- ject appears to be the commercial treaty with France, which has just expired ; and the Emperor is said to have recently attempted, not without success, to exercise a considerable pressure from without on the Belgian King and government, exhibiting at the same time avery decided feeling of opposition to #ho renewal of the said treaty. In fact, the misun- derstanding between the two Powers has gone so far that all negotiations on the subject are at present totally suspended, and more particwarly since Leo- eal visit to England. The French government has ome in other respects very reserved in its conduct towards that of Be'gium. There can be little doubt, we opine, that Louis Napoleon bas become disgusted with the intriguing spirit of this puny potentate in the Ruasian questions and that ho 1s resolved to show his total disapproval of such impertinent interference in the management of a great question ia which the leading western Powers are mainly concerned. Louis Napoleon himself is undoubtedly anti Russian to the Bactbane, for his best interests compel him to be Bo; and we can scarcely wouder at his displeasure with the government of a little State like Belgium, ich allows its King to become an imtriguant and g meddler sous /s cartes in matters that so vitally effect his own European position. The commercial treaty, we opine, is a mere pretence for a quarrel that proceeds irom a wholly different cause; nor is it at all unlikely that the French monarch has taken umbrage and found cause of offeuce in the marriage alliance between the roysl families of Austria and Belgium. 1 We always thought so from the beginning, be- Cause the very interesta of the two countries are 80 inseparably combined that where one is injured the other must be damaged likewise; aud we now hear fhat the Austrian government, in spite of its pro- feased neutrality and desire for negotiating a peace between Russia and Turkey, bas actua'ly beeu far- nishing arms and auimunition to the former. True, the Austrian Minister, waen called oa for an explan- ation, says that it wasa mere commercial transac- tion, and that his g vernment merely imitated the example of the reoch government ia furnishing a certain quantity of arus tothe Tarks. The cases, however, are not at all analogous; for Austria has declared a strict, entire neutrality, whereas France, though not aa yet actually at war wita Russia, has all alte professed her friendly in’erest inthe Turks, anda determination to aid them against their enemy, to whom Austria, in violation of a positive promise, is sending arms. Heaven knows the princedoms of the present | day are many of them nots» good us the lowest titles | of nobility id this country, and we have not forgot ten the purchase some years ago, by some obscure but ambitious Englisvman, of a miserable island in the Mediterranean, because it gave him the title of Prince. The person t whomwe now allude, how- ever, is a man of intellizence sud taste, koown for his love of ancient art— no less a persoa than Lucien Bonaparte, the titular Prince of Canino—one of the creations of the emptre, wa believe; aud so 8.ck is he of the honors avd glories of bis priucedom, that he has sold all bis possessions in Rome and Ronciglione to | Torlonia, the banker, for 450,000 and one scudi, with the understandiag that the one sondi is to re- present the princeiom, which he gives up, together with the estates. How different the valae set on these beggarly titles! For what, #e wonder, would the axe-Coburgs, and the Hesse-Cassels, Hesse-Hom- | irgs, and ali the mendicant Germans, sell thew | titles? But they are of different stulf to the high- inded Lucien Booaparte. ne latter needs no itle to gain respect, waile the furmer look to it as | Bheir only claim for the adulation of the iguorantand the vulgar. We are very glad to see that some ore has at | Jength taken upon bim to show the absurdity, the wickedness, of our lndy tuterie e with the slavery qvestion of North America, and to poius ont whe fer greater evils that sre suffered at home by those who “toil like slaves, nor Sanbath know, wer day of The rest,” in tke service of onr female aristocracy. 4 Hovbses and Dobbees, or Dressmakers Dreas wearers,’ iv a Kean sative on tue perfumed p avthropists of fashiouab'e life, who, pathy with tre negro, forget the sufferings t rendlog miseries endured oy a large portion of their own countrywomen. The tale ts capitally told, full of fun, and weil deserves a wide circulation tn the | United States as well as Huglaod. Some of the hits fat the emancipation questiva, in particular, are well- pointed and true, nor can they fail t> flud an interest with the readers of light literature on the other side | of the Channel. LONDON, Jan. 20, 1854. Financial and Commercial Review of the Year 1853+ Concluding the monetary aspects of 1853 from last Friday, with a few of the complhrative prices of the principal railway shures, we shall advert to our manufasturers for instances of the extraordinary prosperity of tre old year, bot with regard to oar imports and exports. Oa the Ist January, Brightons | were at 1084; Caledcovians, 679; Eustern Counties, | 13}; Great Nortberas, 82}; Greas Westerns, 954; London and Norta Western, 126}; Midlands, 80}; North Staffordshire, 15); South Easterns, 84); South ‘Westerns, (124; York, Newoastle, and Berwicks, 73); York and North Midlands, 604; standing respec: fively at the lst January, ‘54 534; 134; 84; 83; 109 4; 11]; 60); 77; 63), and 47; while the most familiar of the French railways, as the North- erns, from 353, having touched 37), are at 344. The great commercial prosperity of '53 is not better exemplified than in the condition during the period of our Manchester manufacturers. Very flatter- Ing anticipations at the beginnivg of the year were freely indulged in,anticipations which towards the ap- proach of winter,were considerably obscured. As these changes were due in most part to the contests which | have occurred, and are even now persisted in, in the | manufacturing districts, between capital and labor, it | ‘will not be quite useless to state the principal features Of the strikes in the norta of the country. On the 11th of June the’masters of Stockport, hay. | ing entered into an association, aud being hardly | pressed by the operatives for the addition of ten por cent to their wages, adopted the resolution of elosing | their establishments. pia increase of ten per cent ‘was endeavored to be enforced alike for spinning and weaving, although it was well kuown that even the wages which were then given were at a losing figure for the masters. The Preston operatives seconded this movemen’, which, having been acceded to oa the 4th of Aogust, was generally persevered in through- out the entire district. The operatives at length ‘were met by a determined resistance on the part of the masters, who, joining in heavy bonds, closed their factories at Wigan, st Preston, as well | as at Barnley and Bury. The trade at once suffered to as large extent, sud not only did the employers resolve on the reduction of wages to the foraer sca'es, but notices were issued of a imitation of em Joyment, even on these terms t» four days a week. The masters carried their resolutions to a grea tll extent, and submissions were made by the workmen | ter | against such @ phalsnx ring of the year Meltons of light fabric had Me berbyton tl oti much business was done in heavy goods, such as beavers and witneys. An in- creasing demand is also noticeable as taking place in union cloths aud cotton warps, an important fea- ture in this branch of trade, developing itself to a large extent, viz: the admixture of cotton in wool- len manufactur In that modification of the wool trade, the worsted, there have been large dealings as very remunerative prices. In January there was considerable buoy- ancy obzervable, especially in the home consuming branches, Bradferd goods becoming more sought for. Consumption shortly after advanced, indeed, excessively, but became eventually checked by the prospects of war and the deficient harvest. Begin- ning in September, affairs became worse and worse, and fluctuations have taken place frow ten to fi per cent in a downward direction, which had previously advanced as much the other way. During the year an unprecedented amount of speculation took place in tue iron market. Pig iron underwent great fluctuations. At the end of 1852, owing to the enormous trading in the metal, it had advanced to 75s. cash, but before the end of Febra- there had been a decline of 203. per tea. Con- fidence was restored im the end of April, peices hav- ing receded as low as 50s., and @ rise teok place to 69s. by the middle of August. The advance in the | rate of discount at the Bank caused agaia a retro- | grade movement’ to 62s. 6d., advancing to 80s. on the reduction inthe French duties on the article. The enormous consumption of fron ean be easily eonceived from a mere glance at the number of iron | vessels on the stocks at the Clyde. These amount | to ninety seven, while seventy-nine vessels of this material were launched frem the above named river during the last twelve months. We may observe that there were 151,300 tons exported to the United States in 1853, as compared with 100,700 tons in 1852. The wood trade deserves a passing notice by the side of iron, affected as the other metal isso greatly by the construction of vessels of all desorip- tions.” The importation— dependent upon the con- sumption, bota by the colonies and the United Kingdom—is supposed to be the lace on record. In 1853 there were imported of colonial loade 1,250,- 040. as compared with 1,156,651 loads in 1852; and of foreign loads 1,070,000, against 891,643 in 1852. The general result of the extended demand has been, it is supposed, favorable alike to producer, shipper, shipowner, importer and dealer, notwithstandiag that late cargoes have been subject to advances in freight amounting to fifty or even one huadred per cent. It is noticed that the increased price of wood, especially noticeab’e in wood employed for ship- building porposes, has not, however, given auy check to builaing. The cies ge on in London, for example, sbows an inereased figure in deals and “ battans”’ of 300,000 pieces over 1852, and in timber of 40,000 loads, Sweden and Norway still supplying about a moiety of the entire foreign stock. We have said that the increase in the consumption of both wood and iron has been owing in a great measure to the impetus given to the trade by the constantl, augmenting number of ships on the stocks, e witness the magnificent . Eighteen powerfal frigates were retn porte genre a st the awe and smali sailing vessels were gliding along between the larger sbips, and the latter hed taeir anchors, and wade fast to the steamers whi ere to take them ip tow, and loosed their sulle, and abort time a general movermsnt wee visible Later |i be wever, the wind sgsia lulled, and it wae the following Cay that the whole of the fleets, sist of thirty-three veseels, of which fifteen are sail of tae line, bad entered the Black S:a ‘Tor Henri IV. was the first to start in tow of a frigate, a. proudly passed along, says the Pays, with every rail sot. The others folowed, each as they were ready, aad a+ the Freneh fleet was at anchor to advance of ths Rog Lieb, it had the apparent honor of leading the van. Bai, rerearks the same authori'y, when the Koglish line of- battle ehip, the Queen, daaring the fleg of Admiral Lyous, got under weigh without waiting to be taken ta tow, aad ‘hed into the Bosphorus with all the preaision aa! ra- Pidity of a steamer, # shout was ralsed on the «hore in eyplause of the admirable way im which sbe was han'‘led. t appears that sx soon as the flests had enteres they made sail to the exstward, and ft is supposed that they were about to visit ail the crest of Turkish Asia Minor, Heradea, Sinope, Samsoan, Trebizond, Bstoum, &c., in order to drive off the Russian vessels which have bern lately seen on these coasts. After having made kis tour of inspection, it ia supposed that ths flvets will procsed to the westward, and show themerlves at Varoa, on the coast of Beroes, and thet they will stop there for some Little time before they ageim return to the Boaphorns At were joined by a Turkish division, composed of five stesa frigates, ba ing transports in tow, with troops and mili- tary stores op board. This division has received orders to keep under the pro ection of th» combined fleets, The reinforcements, says the Journal des Debats, which are on boerd, are iutenced for tae army of Asia, and particularly ee the garrisons of Batoum and Chefxsiil, whica are y.. pears that though oa ordinary occasions each squadron will retain ite inde incase o an action the commandin chief wid fali on Ad niral Hawelia, who {epeven years senior in rank to the English Admiral, Dundas, ‘an arangement whisb, it may be remarked, [vag be very palatable to the amor propre ef the ‘remoh. The conduct of the Turklah ‘al, Omer Pacha, seems to be winnolng him pea [ome swong French officers, who think he has Ciap!syed strategieal talent of + high order; that be has exhibi'ed patience fu diflouities ‘and forbearanos in auoceas, and that he has praden‘ly avoided falling into the traps ef seesicg from his acver- eery ® pitebed batile. It in difficult, in the shsence of apy official account, to thread one’s way through the various relations which reach us of the fighting at Kale- fat and Gitale; but private letters, dated be 30th of De cember, prove that up to that date preparation were being made, on & most elaborate ani extemtive scale, by the Turks; since which \here is news that om the 6th of January, 16,000 Ta ke acvauced from Kalefat, with fif- teen pieces of artillery to storm Citaie, where 10000 Basdans bad ecoamped, with the intention of attackiog Kalefat on the 14th. The loss on this ocossion seems to be very great on both sices. of the Tucks is not yet knows, bat that of the Rus: ted at upwards of 3,000, The battle was renewed the 7ch with eqaal suceses to the Turkish arms, Oa the morntig of the 8th, however, a series of bloody conflicts tock place, which ended in the complete defeat of the Russians, who, im theif own account, simit to hi lost On this and the preceding day one thousan’ bille may, while alluding tothe prosperity in shipping, in- stance the number of arrivals and departures, both | of foreign and British shipping. This number rises unremittingly, due, ia most part, doubtless, to the | effect of free trade on the tralfic in grain. For the | year just ended there is an tncrease of fourteen per | cent in entrances, a large augmentation being also | seen in departures. Tbe entraace: British ships | in 1853 were 441,159 agaiast 421 in 1852, and of foreign vessela somewbat more thaa half these num- | bers. In the coasting trade there is also observable an increase, ayeragiog fur the year about two per | cent. Perbaps scarcely anything imported has been speculated in so large y as tallow. ‘ue dealings | have been immense; but operations passed off better, | it is believed, than on any other occasion. St. | Petersburg Y.C., which was twelve moatas back | at 453., is now at 593, 6d. the cwt. The rise in | this article, due to the varying aspect of Russian po- | litics, wax owing in some measure to the repeal of | the soap duties. This enactment caused large ad- | vances in all materials conuecved with the maau- | facture of seap, cocoanut and linseed oils, together | with all kinds of grease, being at much higher figures. The trae in oils, indeed, is no carried on at very unusual rates, and, notwithstanding the en- banced value of money, traders do not fear any de cl'se, owing tothe prospects of increased activity in | the manufacturing districts. L'nseed cake agato is now at @ higher price than it hay touched for seven years. Olive oil has now reached such prices that consumption has received a material check, Galli- poli cil marking, for instance, £63 the ton. i The inereasing prosperity of the mannfacturing districts affects materiel y also the value of leather, This trade bas been most favorably placed darin 53. The alterations in the value of leather an baye been more than usuaily extended. The nce in prices, persistent through 1352, continued «ptember, when prices were checked by the al- sin the vaine, of money and the superabuao- stipping to Australia, The check given to the trade was, however, but of @ temporary charac. The export trade to yourselves is observed not to have been so large, a fact accounted for by the luport duties and the general rise iv prices. sai petre has hkewise been much affected by the t! reatening aspect of politics. It is now in consider- alle demand, varying according to its refractive in- dex about 31s. per cwt., the stock on hand being st the present time 1,000 tons less than at the corres- pending period of last year. Among other substances of large importation we may specity ecffee. Holders show much disinolina- tion to accept present rates, fron there being a defi- ciency in stock in Europe to the amouat of 15,000 tons as against last year, from the consumption being | greater than has ever been known at ay. former | period, and owing to the existence of a defalcation of | 25 per cen in the importation from all large places of production. I shall conclude this glance at the | commercial year by reviewing the aspects of sugar, tea, corn, wine and coal in my next. R. Our Pai Correspondence. Panis, Jan 23, 1854 Syerulations as to the Decision of the (ear—Anzicly Respect 9 an Atiack upon Constartionple--I teres‘ing Details Res- pecting the Movements of the Combined Squadrons—Milita. vy Ovintons as to the Tuclics of Omer Pasha—Prince Al- bert—The Duchess of Orleans’ Letter— Proposed Monument to the Rmpress Josephine -~ Miltary and Naval Prepara tins—Court Balls, dc. It is not ensy to describe the feverich excitement which prevails every where on the all absorbing top'e of the day. ‘That no cfiicial reply from the Eupecor of Rassia can De received for several days, seema generally understoo yet the anxiety to hear romathing is go great that every one ts ready to gracp at the cero:t shadow of imballi genes: ‘Will the Crer accept ibe note and retorn @ favorablean | aver, or will he pick up the glove which tho entranoe of | the combined fleets inte the Bleok Sea ha: flung down?— go where you will, rpeae to whom you may, from the refined diplomat to (hs bumble cordonieria his stall seek fs the question which opsns every conference Tas mors general belief seems to be that despite of tue categorical mode sdopted by the Four Powers, the Czar wil! son- tinue to temporize, It is thought ibat he is too far com mitted to draw beck, yet too astute to rao his head 9 is now opposed to him; that he will endeavor, ard wil! ultimately eusseed ia the sttempt, to break dowm the combication at p-eseut existing, by recuriog the isvorabis neutrality or uacerhand sapport of the German Powers. There have bern ru more abrup! f gererally credited. It is even anid tha ail from Sebastopol are order d greater part are not alen'ty ou French A’ mir | ine in greate: foree than « thought recessary, acd * while distracting the made to foros the Boapho: a cup de main, badly oit military obit fa and reg It is wtate the Pay ra, howevir, of hia adopting @ th ug I think they are not bia fest of forty to som, if the hs Eogiih ond [veae%, entered ths Kor some they wou'd have @ arxiety le felis leat 4, Ary A tempt ehould bs carry Omataatinople by t ksown to ba fox bare, ine rental cf f this mo 4, “that what hag nearly everywhere but in Preston. At this place even now the struggle is still maiusaived at anim mense logs to both the contending parties ; the mill work, the operatives on the other hand subscribir with a feeling worthy of a better cause, large sums of money to support the strikers. | Notwithstanding these uufortunate occurrences, however, prices continned steady during macy months. So prosperous indeed was trade altogether, during the early part of the year, saat scarcely a failure has had to be noticed. Textile fabrics hive remained firm, and raw materials, aud even produce of all kinds, command good pri m tive eonaee oF demand above supply. La vor be carce, it is be- lieved that theve prices will still be maintained, mot. | withstanding money growing # mach in req iest from the dearness of provisions conjsiued wita Clouded state of the political horizoo. Cottoa has undergone a large advance in valae. Misdiog raw Orleans, selling in January at 5,d., comme at the close of the year. In July the priv has 7d. The year, however, has «| Beadiness, and prospects are favorabl from these depreciating forebidings ! The relative exportations from January to Do c&mber are well worthy of remark. They have ia creased rodigious exieat, the vaiue of ex men iat, fe instance, from £1.071,652, £ 1852, — advanced to £5 39 in 1869 | In the fen and Worsted trades mach variasion | fs noticeable. The ordinary woollen cloths of mid- tes form, as usual, the chief features of gre . Plece dyed and wool jyed black form the 4 " | color, owing to tue increased value | er indigo paising the cost of dyviag #0 eaormously. been heard at Vienta of ibe feelings of tae Empsror of Ruseia since be was ed of the allied det into ths Black Sos, is not of = trangoillaog us ny one doubts tut that a negstive reply wil be the other a, {tie kwow oijoe must the Governor cf entiacce of remove sil Rui s that the Grand ® < thos +from the Blaok 5 en ia snia wore fe .artore of the flest that there might ds a | of Rassia cad of the | of which go one can stating that at tany were Als, from O: Rassias have crossed the Danabe, ne J oseapied that tows, wi me maiiftary post oontate ng sem» 20.00 Ly iohasbd! sixty miles from Ror “you epateken, Dut Ho gress oredi 0 19m hough my risat wows ie Galy expected {cum the Ds | Lube Acouneil of Ministers wae yeste-* st the Ta wople aly or , Loeg- port py ae | For tes or three |-r« oevioun | 4, every prepare ) thes O88 14) Bi 16 the carve premeot, At eagth, verred round wo the | tetions] suacters to them«elres. | er veratmetros fn size is in preperation | ; | that, instead of disembarking troops to storm taem, the be. sides ‘our thoureod wounced. Oa the 9h the battle was still raging, sod the Tu: who had advanced e- yous Citale, drove the Ruesiaae, it is said, bsck to K: jova with immenae loss, leaving four pieces of cavaon end a great number of dead upon the fiela, Oa the 10th ihe Turks retired to Kalafat. The Laterest atiachal to the opening of tho Britieh Parliawent fa tertainly not lesa here thaa it is in Kag lard The french aro, alno, rather corloa) to know what their neighhors are about to do with Prinay Albsr:, only a short time »go thy popalar kero of tne day. But they freely allow the saperiority of the Eagle ia eoasti We, say they, eansel. ated the doctras that ‘the king reigns but doss not govern, ”?an} ell Fierce way no soover satistid wita te tersenea* and trnih of the apothegm than sxe dex! inquire what, nucer such cironmy ences, was the w wading stall acd finished the ioguiry by imme iiately | neiziog the reignd of government hezasi?, Bar ia Rog: land the wacrsfico of & miaisior sativfes tha Satom miad and John Ball proceeds to bay and seli av usual It ta anticipa ed, however, that the plain speaking of the Kag Hel Parliament o2 the great question of the East will 9) hasten the march of eveota nat the etl water walsh they Lave been so long obscured ca mot fail to be saat away. @ Astemblee Nationale and the Union fling doubts on the autbenticivy of tus lover pnbiivbed is tho Times and orber Hoqlish newspapers, signed by the Dashess of Or- Jeans, ave it is even anid that * contradistion a for’ a by the Duc de Nemoars. Bat tais treating the rubject bas serisinly not bean fo lowes up by as much vivacily ar, supposing it to be tus, might be expected. For che side of the young heir of tus Bour- bons itis to be boped that this letter is a G :titious one, for ceriainly ons tore generally cordemasd by pudiic opinion bas reidom appear.d before the world. The grest Napeleon had arsying about the necawity of washing ity linen at hom ing @ valiadle truth upcerneath an mewbat roagh bok, ani thongh one which the Bourbons have been slow to peraeive, it is net too late for them to learn it. In the meantime, if the unfortapsie Duchos hay bean belied, she ha cor tainly usmived s very crvsl injury. Yesterday the Hon. J Y Mason presented his oreden- tials to kin Majanty the Emperor of the Fre>oh, as Exroy Extreordinary aod Minister Plenipotentiary from the Ucited States, and afterwards had the honor of beiog pre- sented to the Empress. A subscription on a larg scale is about to be entered into for the purpose of e ecting a monument to the late Kroprese Josephine. A decree to that effest was laeued ta July Isat; but it is oovaidered more bouoreble t> the momory of the Ceceased Empress, who was a0 beloved, that all France shoul’ be invited to pat fy this testimony of respect and affection. Geo. Pellinsier, of the army of Africs, is at present fo Parir, and it ix thought wili certainly bs ona of the o m- mancers in any expedition rent to the East. Should Morsbel DeSt Arnaud be well enough to assume the chief eormard, macy think that Gen. Pelliwter will ba ap- pointed Minister of War The preparations meking in all perts of France, show that thers is but little hope of peace. Agents for the purchase of cavalry horses have received erders to provi'e 400 borses per regiment for the present reason, inetead of 180, tho number ordinarily pro- vided for the year. As orer has also been iviued for the addirg of twelve additionsl ships of the line There are gevting aiso the Sage and the Je ships of the dice of the second rent, and tus Othe Inflexible, of the thire rank, Tos extra ordinary levy of sailors for the manning of the mavy, or- éered in the ports of Brit'wny, has caused amorg the morchsnimsn of thoss ports. Ramonstrances dave eheady beex made to thu government on tae rad ject. by the parties interested in the cod-fishing, who ‘complain that they cannot ficd exilors rufficient to’ mon their vercels The reply to theea remonstrance the Minister of the Marine, that “in the presoat ¢ he service of the country must be pro auy private interest.’” The medical reports seem ty oertify that the cholara bas quilted ur, though perhaps vever at any time did more gereral ill heslth prevail. Ose effeot p the lace frog #, foll wed by rain and ramp, i houses heve crumbled into ruins. Tas Corps de Garde at | the Berstere of Sevres, amorg others, bas dese so Ab S: Brieox, @ part of the cornice of the cathedral has | fatten; auc the bridge ¢ (Lu athe Racas | F.pnod and Savoy, hee also D99n destroyrd, earr it a copaiderabls portion of the reed and the earth i | rowecing fl, frem the sinking o: the rock on which one | ud of it was bait. Some fourteen or fifteen atreets ara about to be de ao- liebed. in consequence of the innstoipal commtesion hav. ing rd »pted the new plan for ths construa' ion of wcsatral hail, or market of Paris These destractions, penstra: ting into the beart of old P will probably lead to some curious and {teresting discoverits, aud at all eventa gres'ly acd to the health and linses of the neighbor hood, by removing some of the most confaed wad filthy portions of thecity. | Oo Taesdey, what ts termed a baltrarstic took placa at the Toiterias, which ear aspirate px a ooar fete soald he mids, There wes nothirg oficial bout it “The dresses wera those of the Mousque ares of Lous XV. The first quadrilla was condected by the Pr Matbild the 28 h ano'her Dall of the exine bind will o Empresa will condnot ® q iaditle coal me which will bs thoge of the Guts “canceiser and Vivan dees ot Louis XV, To nigh ..e palsoe ts open tog and Imust not forget to tel! roo, for the information of your fair readers, that the ‘ola! of "he Scpross, that of 8 drevs of whi ¢ tulle, with hon jaelt of sweet pas anda coig'ure of the rane lower © last ball, made her (be acmiration of thy room In the theatrical world ‘hece { little new, exrept the reception ot Mdlie, Cruyeli: at the Grand Opera in tue Huguenots? The most co ¢ sud critical of all antiensss ‘was completely carrie} away on the occas®a and raseived every effort of the charming wctress with an eatrusiaac which must bave more than sxtiate! the most adaordiog Jove cf eomunepcation; end Mcile Crovallt ieaaid not to be without ber full share of exsctitace on ibis snbjeat Bhe war, hewover, quite equal to the occasion, ani on the ourth aot never exereioed the won r: t which sha +O greats mistress, with more thei feo’, pate Pants, Jar. 93, 1854 Miliary Preparalions—Medilated Atack upon, Sebastopat = Dissolution in the English aml Fresh Alléas the Hed Republicams—an Aci cf Pelly Hostility on (ve Par! of the Government Againut the Fusionists—The Bal Draveati® = The Opera—Cruvelli and Tedeson, be , de Berean of the Minister of War than at the date of my last better, and, if wer be imminent, I must say that ther bat few appearanoes of it in thet quarter. Ths E aperor baa, aa 1 informed you in my last, matured s grand pro ject for eqalpping six armies for the fiel!; but unit! froah orders, everything {a made enbordinate to the despateh of an expeditionary corps of fifty (hourand mon to tae Levent. ‘There are no means of transport for more, and éven for this number there are barely eufficient, You may, therefore, understand why ali ths efforts of ¢ vern mont are for the moment dirested towards the mevy, A fiimMGable atteck upom Sobactopoi 14 ia contemplation. plans of the harbor heve been procured, and a map of S¢ dartozol belag », tt ie probable vw eted by several strong cremated fo plsee mili be bombarded be war veems sireaty declared in fact, al hough vo focwally so, Ta this terribla coojanstare the whely o Eorepe da watchiog #ith anxiety the action of the Ger nee Powers, whone attitude is likely to he deo’stve, eal more especially that of Aastria, Tait latter Power fe greatly eovbarcseeed; pas ku wih Fr tato 0508 revo Katk Soa war free. ast under wei A tue © ote of Toerapia, to Yiight ea Cryer was given t large crond Lad arsemtied ©: 16 Vigashgua. Ou the other ehe cacnet eopars'e herse!! (rom Rassias, whove al nerally | reat confarion | between | with | Relative Positims of the European Powers—Elements of te-—Policy of There are uo greater syuptom! of activity in the | Mance lately saved her government. The Emperor of Avstria bas just written am autcgraph le:ter to Louts Ni im which, while he his intention t» mulintaining the integrity of the Octoman Bu- pir declares his desire to save the dignity and amour propre of the Emperor Niebolas, Although Austria hep bly cooled towarés France, its attitude ia ocher has changed, (since the Exgtish and Feach e9: eve orders for the entry of the combined squad roo ‘nto the Black Sea without consultiag ner, aad eab- sequently commilted themselves toan act of war,) she eocesyvore to preverve & neutrality with which ceitker the Csar on the one part, nor Frauce and Ragland on tha ovher, seem at all saticfied if we may judge by the two semi offictsl articles which have lately beeu published ia the Constitutionnel aod Times sod which urge her to take a decided course, A war against Russias would bs vory popular in Germany, and especially awowgst the Austrina arwy. offended aa it’ haa been, by the boastings of the Ruzsians oo the occasion of an exclusive victory, by which the latter clsimed to have conquered Hangary ani reseated the Emperor of Austria upon bis throne; but tae interests @f Auctrien despotiam ally it naturally with thore of Russla, (withoat ia any prejadgiog the course Prussia will pursue ) aod it is more thas probable that Austria camnot cacape this necessity of a Russiaa ai- Hanoe, 3 ht that some unexpected ral war, Taere are ments of distro: vernment kno and , that the Kngiish natioa, bale ite character, will seize the first opportunity of protesting, by a peace, its material inte- reste, Esgiand, on the other band, fears that the Ozer Pe Fre | the time that the fisets stood away to the eastward, they | exsestisily mercantile i = succted in detaching France from its alliauce, and in didmteresting her in the Eastera questiva, b; her Belgium, which France never will obtain she is obliged to copeult the prejadices of latter will never suffer Auvers to become Emperor of the French is well aware of this. even while he thinks that he may gt g@ of the general reign bas war so Oe ha red of Russia by the fact that the fevling has defrayed the heavy expenses of am indifferent spectacle, emtitied ©The Oonracks,’’ at one of the theatres of the Boulevards, for the Jast two months,) he does not dissimulate from himself that he will be thereby alisauating the financial world and a eertaia class of timorous bourgeoisie who only supported bis usurpation of the 2d of December to save their money and their skins. ‘The news from the provinces ie an bad as ever. The red republicaza, wbo have re orgaoised themasives- with increcible force and eotivity, have resolved to supf a every manifestation tha! might have the effecto Mequieting the Kwperor ani of preventing him from going to var, but they hops by the aid of the calamities which it will eptail on the couatry to fienily dethrone dim, Tse rich proprietors ore, it is sald, greatly alarmed. The pecuciary ueorssities which have accrued from the para tions for war, andfrom the dearth of provisions m which Parit bas alone been preserves by heavy sa- crifices, are itomense. There is @ project on foot to sell in the departmen'a tho lande belonging to ti which are valued at 800,000,000 iranor, them by renies on the State, Tr two loans, one of which is said to ave been already ob tained from the bank to Hons of trance, and the oth franca will ba jointly contract You have. therefore, in what I bave j meats of besitetion, discoursgement, aud gression, in the alliance of tee two goversin elements Co pet for the moment appear to p though they must eventually manifest theuy y France and Eaglan. tated, ele- ty rece!l the Em: ter of Mariue, at his laot reception, is reported to have compares the present sitcation of affairs to thst of « mail. driven three parts into ® wail; but notwithstanding these indications thers is no Gissi nulating from enegell the gra- vity 0 present appestances, They all seem to point to the prodabisities of wer, ‘The clumsy frbrication which has been publisted to the worl ancer the pase of the Dachess of Orisare, and which I cenounced ai such fp my Jast, bee besa formally cenimewted, The giveroment, howerer preserves on the rubjeot a feeling of rancor towards the kegitimista, src mere erprcialy towarce the fasioniste, and tals feel ing oon Wapileates fa a Meurer Hott bs mistaken, Generel; eprexing the Garde Meuile ‘uvnithen the han ings for ihe w rvice of the saoiversary of the desi of Louw XVi., whiob take» place on the Zistof Jamuary, in the -xpatory chepel inthe Rawd’Anjon, Tais year the Garde Meuble refused to fureish the hangings, althongh the chs pel is one of tae monuimente of the State | ‘here is bali thin evening at toe Caiiering for which | 4,50 invite tions bave been iasued. Out of the 4,000 per | rope invited to the last bsil 1,600 did not go, Tha ab- | renices neither sent back the cards of luvi'aciow mor a0. | | logies. The courtis fariour, Iteeews trat the Bal Pra valie, which Lad bsew ten porar ily ooun' | nitely iotexe piece. The Kmpresy in | being likely to co geod to the wate of | month will be gives for tne pi | A gocd mary plese mane’, te ded- upoa, it aa ital A corp: diplomatique rerpsoting this meceseity of travestie on the partof the court I have only space enough lefs for « few lines mora, and | | I devote them tothe arte. Macame Sophie Craveili has | made her debut at the Grand Opera with a success waich pure musicians ever dispo-@d to contest, and which is founa to be cearly purcharsd by » hundred thousand francso! salary, There in an episode ia circulation con | nected with ner debut, whioh is worth relating, Arout eight dayr ago Madame Tederco, who fills the principal | ports at the opera, went to her dressing recom to look tor ome: bing, and roher astonishiaent found it shut, and @ | ber efleo's lying prll-meli in snother room Madame ‘Tecerco war, in fect, literaliy turoed out to make room for (he mew de Ic xeema that MR queplea, the Giector, believes in the maxim thet Cingrasitude fa the ii ceyeudence of the heart? ‘Loutsee de Nauteail,” au ive fieremt piers, by Laon Gorian, obtains s temporary 5 cores wt the Vancevilie, owing to the camaraderie of the press, “Roaulus by M. a. Danas, hes been played at the Fravgais, bot ite success was not marked. Visit of Ceremony to the Sultan. [ ‘rom Boulos’) dvcellmay, Jac 4] Let us follow the internuncio and his suite, how- we shall judge for ourselves. When they arrive at the palace they are conducted by some stragglers who happen to be about the ‘palace, through a little garden formally laid out in the old French style—one of those gardens which have nothing but the name ; a garden with little patches | of flower cut into triangles and crescents, and | | having .hard, dry, pebbly, useless Nie between, | | which nobody ever does or could walk upon. This garden may, perhaps, cover s quarser of an acre of | ground, not more; and it iseoon passed. The inter- | | nuncio and bis-train have entered into a low stone | pacasee, with many mysterious doors here and there. | This passage, too, 1s very dark, and Tather damp,and particularly bare. It has potting of oriental mag- | | mficence in it, yet we are within the see pa- laee, and the Sultan is, | dare say, withio hearing of | us somewhere. Meantime some half dozen strag- | gling servants and officials appear to be aa busy as | orientals ever are, in showing us up etairs into the | state apartments, There is nothing splendid about | them, either. Ex-:ept for their red caps, they might easily efongh be mistaken for German arii-ars ia | their Sunday cloties; they are quite as heavy, ss awkward, with as solemua sesse of dignity, and | with as baggy trouvers. A few guards, dressed in | brown, with dirty gold sashes, and haying no arms | but sebres, are aiso posted about, without order or | | regularity. The day is wet and drizzly; indeed, | nothing can be altogetuer more commonplace or ua- comfortable. | Things change a little for the better as we ascend | | the stairs, ia spite of the dinginess which still seems to bang about everything. Upon the first landiog is | posted ove of the palace guards of the Sultan, and hse E dressed in clothes which are at least meant for a uniform. The intention is not very successfully car- | ried ont; but it is obvions that it has existed. We are saticiied ; here is at least s commencement Up the dingy stairs, therefore, we go with the splendid cortege of the internuncio, and trom the dingy stairs into a dingy room—oh! how dingy! dingier, I vow, | than a lawyer's office in Lincole’s Inn. it is ill-far- | | nisbed; and there are not chairs enough for the am- | bassador’s suite; more are brought in from another | apartment ; but there are still not enough, so that a fresh aupply must be sent for. Then the carpet, which is dingier really than anything ever seen ex- cep the vofas, does not half cover the room; bat this, perbaps, is merely oriental fashion, 60 we must not pe surprised. At last the grand vizier is brought in, eid the grand interpreter (a bigh officer in Turkey,) then the winister of foreign affairs, all dressed in ill- made Huropean clothes ; and they are tollowed by the nsval pipes and coffee. The pipes sre handsome; they have rich jewelled mouthpieces of amber, and their value is so netimes as preposterous as an English racehor-e. The colfee, also, is served In little cups eh te filigree of which the best are made at Maita. Neither sue coffe nor to- baceo is very good, and the former is served without sngar, aod wnstrained, ac ror to the fashion of the East, There is not ma mversation— body feels very cold and strange. Everybody also ignorant of the etiquette of the place, aad does not hke to commit himself. There might, perb be plenty to say, for men must be duiliadeed whe cannot talk toa minister for foreign affairs; bu®to | make a remark 1s rather too serious a basiness to be repeated oftea. Thus, for instance, the internuucio observes, for waut of snyching else to say, “ Taat it ia a cold day.” No sooner is the observation out of | bis excellency’s mouth th the head dragomsn | leaves off snorting over his scalding coffee, and drop- ping whet remains over his koces, rises with an ex- | pression of pain and confusion. A tear of intense | anguish is in one of his eyes. “st isa cold day,” repeats the internuncis, nod- ding; for he isa pleasant, cheery man. * * ‘The interiuncio looks bored, and the pipes having been changed for others still more magnificent, the | whole party rise. ‘They take their way through a peseage, aud pass through @ dingy curtain; after which they find themselves in a suite of rooms of | considerable size, but miserably farniswed. A fresh- ly bt fire of coals ourns sulkily in one or two of the grates, and I know of notoing more dreary and dis- piriting. The rain rattles solemoly agaiast the win- dows of the e. The noses of the guards ranged | ino line are quive red with cold, and their bands are blue. Let us go on. The Inst room of the suite is smaller than the rest. It wo ud be used as refreshment reom if Stranas or Julien were to give a ball in the palace. A conl | fom Odea vo St. Petersourg with t is dressed in a dark blue frock coat, with a Russian collar. The sleeves and the coliar of it are embroid- red with gold and diamonds; both his coat and trousers are muct too large for him. He wears no orsament but the nisham, a large modal of gold set with diamonds, and huug round his neck, aud a heavy Turkish sabre, set with diamonds also, but d cap, aud on his feet dirty. On his head is a bisck jean French boots, wil varnished tops, but so Jarge it is marvellous how be walks in them. This is Abdul Medjid, the Sultav of Turkey. ‘As the ambassador and his suite approach, it is ainful te seo the embarrassment of the monarch. |v appears to amount to constitutional nervoussess, and is evidenced in wany ways. His eyes wander here and there, like those of a sshoolboy called upon to repeat a lesson he does not kuow. He changes his feet continually, and makes spasmodic move- ments with his hi Tam sure his beard—a very fixe one--is uncomfortab'e to him, and that he feels as if he bad @ hair shirt on. | am still more sure that be feels literally ambassadored to death. One was at him yesterday ; here is another to-day ; and to-morrow is not the am .assador of am! lors an- nounced, the terrible Sir Heetor Stubble? Oh, for a little rest! Ob, for his ride where the “sweet waters flow!” Oh! for repose on the one true bosom which waits his coming in the harem, and who will oothe bis aching fepias, and lull him softly to sleep with her late! The internnncio stands for- war, his suite fall back, and he begins to speak, while the cold drops gather upon the Sultan’s fore- head, and his thumbs are never still a minute. His excelleney, however, has not much to say; a few of the commonplace civilities which are always paid te royalty, and a flourishing encomium on the rears and glory of his own nation—nothing more. Galtan rey What he says nobody knows. Not the best oriental scholar in the room, h he listen with ed ears, can make anything of it. Certain dis- located sentences are jerked psinfally from his Mi jesty’s lips in gasps—that is all. The imperial terpreter, however, is by no means ata loss. He, least, has got « neat little speech cut aud dried: he learned it-by heart at moeque yesterday. So he be- givs to beb and duck with great apsiduity. He isa fat little man, whose clothes are too tight for hia, and he does not appear to advantage, but he delivers himeelf aeccomtallys ‘The Sultan looks hopeleasly up ht the ceiling, then down at his boots; once (oh! how lovingly) at the door. There is sifence. you might hear a pin fall, while every eye is es the stengng countenance of tke monarch. ny comes a bustle: strangers must withdraw; and the amassador, with his interpreter, the minister for foreign affairs, and the interprater of the Porte, re- main alone. No wonder his Majesty looks so bored. He ds safely tied down for an hour's advice agaiast y preconceived opinion he has inthe world— avairsr his prejudices, Lis education, his coasclence, and bis religion. Ah, me! The weary thing To be a king | Interview with Omer asta m A correspondent of one of the London dai pes A pea a an interview with the Ostoaina Jeneral:— Omer Pacha sat on the ditan, near the fire, with @ long chibouk by his side, and svrrowuded by pa- pers aod letters. At @ respectful distance were two or three Pachas, also with pipes, waich, however, in accordanee with Turkish official etiquette, they never touched until their superior had set them the example. He at once entered into cooversation in Frengh, which he speaks fluently, bat with rather a strong German accent. Italian is his forte. The first thing that struck me on seeing him was the singular ingenuity displayed by the French and English artists, who have undertaken to render his features ‘amiliar to the Eurepean public, ia makin, their portraits 8) very unlike the.original. Any o! them thet have come ander my notive would serve just as well for memorials of tye Emperor of China or the Czar Nicholas, as of Omer Pacha. But inde- endentiy of the false impressions which they had left on my mond, I must confess that I found it somewhat difficult to real'se the idea that I was ac- tually in the presence of the redoubtable chief whoee pame beeu on erery tongue for the last six months. Take away the huge roustachios, which half conceal his mouth, and the gray beard beneath it, and you ms fancy at flist glance yourself talking wa “fine old English gentleman,” who had nevge performed any more warlike exploit than ing down a fox. There is a kindly, good humcred gleam in his @ye, an honest can- dor, which pnts yon at your ease, because you feel that he is « —iot merely a rude soldiery frank- | ness, but an ayproach to Lonkhommie, though without the smallest waot of dignity. On @ louger acquain- tance you disvover tha: the outlines of his face bear the impression of Herculean energy, and even of audacity, and there is a messiveness abont the wrin- kles, even, that nothing save a flerce struggle with time could have prodnced, If tuere be any trath in phrenology, one w say via: his whole intellect was lodged in hi+ for lo ments Of excite ment, when his eye fiash under the cover of his large eyebrows fa as they sovetimes do even in ordinary conver-ntion, be appearance remiods one moie of a roured ‘ion than any man’s I ever saw. His manner is (hs: of a polished gentleman—his courtesy untiriig. ti) patience inexhaustible. His ob servations, eve v.00 tovics which one would suppose porsessed but little interest for him, bear evidence of great acumen and vaned information. I was sur- prised by his sccurate knowledge of English home politics, though when speaking on the subject with anjEnglisbmanthe shows some'diftidence in pronounc- isg an opinion, and genera'ly throws bis remarks into an iuterrogatory form. Regarding her foreign relations, he, &3 might be expected, speake with more bolduess, and expressei his confident belief that avy hesitation she shows in grappling with Ras- sia now. is but pence the struggle to a ecce when she will find herself foc prepared for it, and will perhaps have t» meet it alonegsfer he does not entertain a doubt that two powers iting prin- ciples so opposite to «ns another cannot subsist side by side without a collision, which must end in a com- bat @ U’ outrance.”’ . The Czar of Russia. His EXULTATION A+ TES THR BATTLE OF SIXOPR. You buve alrracy prinied ® good deal on the subject of Sivope, bv’ perbaps not the followieg charac'eriatio aneoco's:—The officer whom Privce Meneshixof seat drepatches a2. no exertion to ae ey Wich upurual spend, aod on arriving tooording to Raseian oustom, imme noureing the victory at Sinope apare complish Lis j at the cepts ately welered Into the preseoce of the Evparor, to whom he Celivered his despate ing, {bring your Mejesty tel igence, cf the euccseniul imae of @ contideiable acto.” O2which tie Emperor, auch gi tifed, tock him with him into bis cabinet, and Sealed himerlf to peruse their cententa. Wasn be bad fictehrd, ead addressed hime!’ to the wele mir courier to express bis delight at the tidings, he found ikat the officer, worn ¢ fatigue, bed fallen Asleep, por was he to be ar used by ® With that quick ap to the Czar, Ro on honver areready.”” w ed up to } is supposed du of him what rana he hic? oy ordinary mes sion of bucan gatare pesulisr out rougbly, ‘So aad 40, your lons ¢ urier at ones st Qb aC jutant ic atlenderce,) tring me @ pair of $ I pr mote 79 G9 the epot to ba Po: (Lieutea: act Colonel.) Embrece mo0;!? and woeo tay setoulshed Officer bad araued Lirwel’ of th Casr Kissed bi on ble cheek, ¢ then no rutalews Tero? hes deen allowed to profane theche.¥ bailowed by the Emperor's lips.—Serlin Correspondence of the London Chronicle TRE CZAR AFD HIS POLISH SUBISOTS. A letter from Wareaw, catec the 7:1 Jan, her tne fol- lowing :—' The cbiets of the Cieiriots of che Kiazdom of Polanc have received the order todrawup « lict ef all eile onwer ied men, from the of eigntesa to forty, sxé to wa'ch them carefully, not to parvalt them to leave their Aistriots, because tus £ {oh takes nevaliy at the end cf the ye in March This cearure D: tion im thie un! py courtey, scarcely the extacrdinary Jevy which took plac» last moz Cireclor of the Society of the Lanced Property Sank of the kingdom of Poland was recently sent for by Marshsl Peeki witch, ‘We rre in serious eircomatecow,’ sald the Prince, ‘ard Imvst request the eosiety to parfora &n set of patriotiem ana fielity to the Ewperor. [t wus: be prepared to advance the fonis requisite for & Joan, to assure the service of t y in the kiegjom ’ * Bat,’ replied the dirsotor, * 1 is mot iaatituted for ti'at purpose; it ean only acvance monry to landed proprietors, en a mortgage on their proptity; other wot ie contrary to the statu whish but receatly ra- ceived the renewed approbation ef the Emperor’? “All that is well,’ replied the Prine», ‘ia ordina y times; but we want money, snd if an erder from the Bmperer is necessary, you rhall have one.’ Correspondence of tha London Chronic'e. The Russian Ports on the Binck Sea, Fr in the Cologne Genetio. Deo. 52 Anapa is the most northern point on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. It is a celebrated fortress, which the Turks originally constracted to protect their commerce with the tribes of the Caucasus. Bince then the Russians bave made it their mos' rare Cistinstion, the plago open to every wind, ard cannot be turned to any use- ful account exceptin the fine sessou. At Auapa, where the western chain of the asus commeuces, is situated the real limit of the Rassian empire, aa it ooast, 80 dreaded, of the Circassians. In spite of their utmost efforts, the Russians have only suceeded in establishing isolated forts, the garrisons of which cannot stir out witacut running the risk of being cut off. This coast extends from Auapa to Gagi, a dis- tance of 300 kilom. (187 English miles.) Between these two places the traveller pastes over a rocky const, crossed by valleys aud crowned by verdant hills, and forming & singular coutrast with tae masses of white chaik which serve as sheir base. Those hilis are covered with a rich vegetation and tm- pevetrable forests, amongst which are dis; the cabins and straggling villages of the ag sisns. The first port on the coast is Sudjouk-Kal’, which the Rowians have defended by three re fire | rns sluggishly in the grate, and there is « plain go's wthout # back, placed next to the wall at the exucoend. As the interouncio enters with his suite, an individual is seen to rive slowly from this sofa, apd he stands up to receive the visiters, He is a dark, wearied looking man, in appearance about forty, though in reality some ten years younger, He dovbts In this port the Russian squadron cap- tured the English vessel, the Vixen, an event which produced so a ‘@ sensation in 1837. Some way further down ts the bay of Joelendjik, the finest and safest on ‘be const, and the most important sta- tion of the Russion flotiila appointed to watch the movements of the Circassians. Farther on is the bay of Pchiat, at the entrance of which the Russians s portent military position ia Circassia. The harbor is | isto the bastions of that fortrees that extends the | ve had afort since 1837. Along the coast, inhabit- by the formidable tribe of the Chapsuks, are the tle bays of Nonlan, Djonhou-lon, Kodos, Sabaohi, aidan,and Memai. This part of. Circassia, which marked by rich cultivation and numerous villages, Een he mee determined resistance to the Rus- Tule. Beyond Mamai the western coast of the Cs character, the aspect of the First of all is fine Navakinskoi, Cape led cules by the ancients), and the bays of Kamomi- chelaz and of Kinschuli. Next, the sombre fortress the eideof, Abus, Dekind nice ae uremia oF 2 4 tous rocks which constitute the most e een erie of the Caucasus. In quiting high mountains of Abasis are met with. The of Abasia have been forced to admit the sove- reignty of the Czar. Pozunda, famous for its church, which is said to have been founded the Em, ror Justinian, is the first important point of Al then comes Bomborai, a fort the garrison of which .is decimated by sickness; next Guelendjik, one of the eG on the coast, where the Russians have , built in 1575 by the Sultan Amurath; and, lastly, Iskuriez, where the learned im: was Cee Greek colony of Dioscuria, known in time of the Romans by the name of Bebastopolis, about twenty-five kilom. Cee miles) below ee ius. The river Galazkha forms the limit between Abasia and the principal t of Jamurzakhaz, extencing to the banks of the ur, at the mouth of which is the fort of Inaklia, On the left bank of this river commence the alluvial lains of Miugrelia, which join at a distance of 150 ilom., (934 English miles,) in the interior, those of Imeretta and el. The mountains of the C; casus on the north, and those of Achalsik on south, surround this magnificent basin, watered by the rivers Khopi and Rion (Phasis.) Redoubt-Kale and Poti, sit at the mouth of these two rivers, form the principal points of landing. Bat it is only Turkish chaloups and small v that can enter, on account of the sand banks which exist there. Large veesels are forced to anchor at 600 metres dis- tance from the coast. Siace the suppression of the transit and free trade in 1832, lout-Kalé and Poti have lost all commercial importance, and sll prospect of a happy futare. It would reem as if the ian government intends to abandon these towns to their ead fate. Tne’ are surrounded by marehy plains, from which exia'e fetid nissmata. At twenty kilom. (8) English miles) above the Phasis, the litile river Nassa-Nelex (the Lesis of Arrian) separstes the Russian territory from that of Turkey. In proportion as fort Nicholas, which is the last mi station of Russia in tne Gouriel, and which the Turks have lately seized on, is depart- ed from, the low grounds which surround Mingrelia disappear insensibly. The Achalzik mountains ap- proach the sea; at Batoum enormous masses of rocks rise above the coast. From Witzeh the shore falls from the east to the west as it bends to the eouth. At the western extremity of this curve rises Cape Joros. In the middle is situated Trebizond, besome since the commercial blockade of Russia one of the most important pace of the Black Sea, being the great enterput ot all the articles of importation and tation from Northern Persia, and Turkey in Asia. England has seized on the trade of Trebizond, which amcunts to fifty millions of francs, and which is earried on with Constantiuop‘e by a regular line of steamers. Trebizond sends into every part of Asia the prodacts of British industry; so that England has the atest interest that this place should not fall into the power of the Russians. But, abstrac- tion made of that cogsideration, the situation of Rus- sia, in appearance so powerful, is exceed ‘ngly critical on the eastern shore of the Black Sea. She possesses there only detached forts, and the Turks have taken one of them—that of Bt. Nicholas—vgpich the Rus- sians, notwithstanding all their effurt3, have not as yet been aile to retake. Effective Strength of the Russian Army. We copy froma letter addeeseed t» the Mepubliciim, by enexcap'sia of the Russian rervics, wha’ o'er 8 to he = correct etatement of the effective forass of the Cnar. ‘The Imperial Guar’ is composet of these diviai vn: fautry, of three regiments each: two division of six regiments each; one regiment of Cosas! gquad:on ©{ bidy guerds, Cauoasiso) ; 11 cavpen. The active army unier the ordersof Field Mar- abe Prince Paske witch, is comp reed of the Ist, 2d, 8d, and 4th corps Each corp? consiats of three divisions of in- fantry of four regiment» each, and of « ctvision of caval. ry of four regiment. The ariiilery is dietributed in the prover ion of eight pieos to each regiment of infantry, and of two pieces to each regimen: of cavalry. The head: quarters of these four corps ef tue active army are War- raw, Wilna, Kiof, and Homel. Thr fifth and sixth corps, of the army iv Bessarabia and Moscow, possens the asme orgsrizat.on, but ther do not bsiong to the active army. The army cf the Caucssus is a cistinct local corps. The other branches of the service consist of a te ot grenadiers ai uiler to the oth th the exzeption of the cavalry. The headquarters t Novogerod ; @ corps of invahds compored of cld soldiers, incapable of active ser- vier per'orms ihe functious of police, and remain dis- persra throughgut the empire Civision io Finland—aa isolated corps ; & corps in Siberfs, also local ard isolated. A Russisn battslion oonsiats numerically of 1,000 men; ff jective fores, however, seldom exceeds 890 Bs- sides ‘here corps, there are im the Rassisa Utraines corps of cavalry consisting of twelve regim>ata ; a corps of Cragcons ecbaisting of ten regimenta, and a sorps of Cossacts, the pumber of whore regiments is increaxed or Ciminisbed at the pleavare of the Czar. A cat meptot the active army is numerisally composed of mea. Those in the Ukraine consist ef 1,200. Effective of the Prussian Forces. The following statement of the present effsetive foroe of the Prussian army is taken fiom the }, of Bertia:— 45 regiments cf the line, of 3.000 men », diviced tate three batallions, 136 000 men, (infentry of the guard not included.) 126,060 mem the landwehr second levy; 46 000 mer of the complimentary tatallions; 10,000 men of the datalicns of charssure; 6,00 men of the batallions of obasseurs, reserved force. Cavalry, not comprising the goards, 20 400 men; cavalry of the fan‘wshr, 34,400 mon; Somnplimentary cavalry, 7,700. Field ariflery, no; in- eluding thet o! the guard, 9000 men; horas artillery, 4,500 men Nery of the landwehr, 900) men; eavalry, 4 Nine detachments of ‘pionears and engincers, 4,600 men; Isndwehr, 4,600 mer. Fiei Foot arti 00 mn ry 8.000 men; lardwehr, 8,000'men Pioneers neers 0! fortresse’, 4060'men, The fleet, whi yet entirely orgs: eer: vice commisrary Cepartment, macition service, bospl- tals, &e, 10,000 men, Total, 614,400 mon, anc 1,584 can- ron. . Progiess of America in Cotton Manufac- tares. [From the Lon ton Salpoing Gezstta, Jan. 29 } The recent meelirg of the Macchester Chamber of Oom- merce, ® seport of which appesred in out eclamas of Tase- day, dese:veu the serious oom ideration ef the people of Bergland, We lorg since warse’ the -ouutry of the dan- ger of depencixg on our cotton maoufactures as a branch, of trade of which the nation cculd never be deprived. There cannot be ® doubt that our cotton trade bas £nd in’ esd still is, & sourcs of great wealth to the coun- ‘ry that it bee efforded employment to many thovsands of the people, aad thet through its m ber of the working classes hava bean end comfort Fut ell theres sévaatagea have resulted from Epylend baving a monopoly of the trade; an} whem tha’ worepoly cesses, throvgh the compatitl countries whic? have been prepering fo no lorger continne thst fn allible which it ia suppored to be. f wrote cn the rurject we raid that the Uall ot America was the country from which the et competilicn was to be apprehended: we 4, what wer knowa te be the fact, tast even them om UL Eogisnd in ali the neutral markets fm tho coarser and, koowirg the energy of the American p'ople, we aaturally ‘concfaded that bey would not stop s{ that polet, bat that those who could meaa- fecture coarse cloths wll very soon learm to manafec- ture fine cloths also. This opision is, in a great degres, borre out by the s'atewert of Mr. James Aspinal Tarnor, et the meeting of the Mavohester Chamber of Commeres, on Moucay last. That geptieman observed that “there saclossc stest between the master: of tiis country and thors of America, and cf Germany, France, ead Sritrerias é poe Bape countries, for the of the m avd be added that he had bi re Isid before h'm last week, showing that the Ameriosa were progressing with rapid strides in the cotton manu- focturee, and that they were making most beaatifal cloth, actonly of the coarser dercriprion, but of fine fabric; sud thet there was nothing to prevent them pars- ig, ts, except that labor wase little dearer there thaa * ‘he competition of Germany, France, and Switser Iscd we thiok we bave oct much to feat. In some o thers countries, no doubt, they equal. if they do not ex cet us in Phill, but they labor under the same disadvan: tage nr wo Co, in bavieg to import the raw material; hence the capital of Eogiand, with her matar ciency, may afford & enflicient defence ag petivors With America it is very ditt cars have the raw material on the spo impori every pound of tt, either from the Us from lodia, Brar'l Egypt, or seme othes Ae that Invor { Eoglscd bar to 1 States, tant country. Amertos thaa ot cannot long con- tinue fo; for some ited Siates hare besa evormonsly {rcressin; their popalatie ad from Germeny, and the p Awerica, af compared t provisions cf eli & acd the clream- rg them to tupply the wants of th» markets there are cneaper than they ar Henes the price of labor cam not Jore contioue high. Bevices, thers ia in this CoDLIy # general Cemand for higher wagea, and, a4 tc« karce the manufacturers (pe: there can be mo doabt that they are committing rror, They ssnt engaged i very doubifal com pe- tition with the United States aad other foroiga sonatries, ard @ very }i\tie may tare valance egsiast England, Bot, berides Americs, the cbsirman ot the meetiog eard: ‘He bad been eufering & diminution of orders ‘rom the ec ptinent; and he hea deem tolo he reason was, that com- tivental msnufacturere Were proget# ing to such an ax: tent that they wonid be able very econ to whe several brarebes of bis buviveas from him, aad were sleoady prow Gucing sevirai articles he had been wcoustomed to f7e- nish at a chesper rate than he oouli.” I) in the fe eof theee circumstances, the oprrotiv # et ia thetr de- mand for bigher wage, they mart inevitarly hasten a estastrophe which it ls imposible not to see ia a’recdy before the couniry~s serious falling of im tae exporta- ton of cotton goods, through compe itiva depriv.ag Eag- land of the mc nopo.y of which it basso long bad tse = dir puted enjcymeot be chairmen told the meeting that he hat himaell, and many otker gentiexen besides, recevred tomp'tez 0! fere to remove bis expital aod todustr, out of this oowa- ‘try, and he bad co doubt 1 he could employ bis money to more acvactege to himeel( abroad In confirmationot ‘which {¢ was stated (hat two firms, the namesof whtok Were given, were now buildieg feotories om the Raine, im-