The New York Herald Newspaper, December 29, 1853, Page 4

K HERALD. BENN OTT, NEW YORK JAMES GORDON OMUo Bate POLITAN BA BOWERY TIFATRE, Bo ‘poN—JAcK Six Mii BROADWAY TUEZATSS, sroadway—Caranacr or rus Gasaes Two Buezance BURTON'S THEATA ry— Rep Rover - Jow ux Lon Chambers tr Ghounp Masks Any s-Maw wire TRE vau MATIONSL THEATRE, Chathem strees—Aftornoon— aves Kary. Byesing—Unccx om's Cass WALLACK’S THEATRE, dway—Gaxe or Live— Oup Tix axvD New Tie AMERICAN MUSEUM—artoreoea~ Mor Con, Evening —Daour Toss Camis. BROADWAY MENAGBR!E—Siamese Twins ann Wito Baawrs. BOWERY ANPHITHKATSS, 37 Bowory.—Baves BRFORMANCES. CURISTY’S AMERIC*N OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broae way —Brimoriay MxeLopiae wy Cuxisty’s MINSTRELS. WOOD'S MINSTRE: ‘8 Minstrel Hall, $44 Broad: way —Erworian Mrv BUCKLEY'S OPERA HO uuy's Erusorian Opens Tov BANVARD’S GEORAMA, 605 Brosdyty.—Pawoaama or Tux Holy Lave. RHENISH GALLERY, 663 Brosdwey.—Day and Evening. BIGNOR BLITZ—Srevvesayt (serrevry, 089 Broadway ACADEMY BALL, 663 Brosdway.—Penuam's Girt Ex- MIMTION OF THE SEVEN Mie ieson HOPE CHAPEL, 718 Bro: "HE WORLD IN MINIATURE—Brosiway, coruer of Walte stroct. 539 Broadwey.—Buce y.—Jougs’ PANToscore. “Kew York, Thursday, December 20, 155% A D. 1853. We begin in the Hexavp, of this morning, the publication of the history of the events of 1553. ‘Ten or twelve years ago we originated the pian of giving on New Year's Day a chronology of events, a list of the distinguished dead,and the general sta- tistics of the city and country, of the previous twelve months. One page of the Haran was at first quite sufficient for our purpose; but the increase in the area of freedom, the organization of steamship lines all over the globe, the wonderful expansion of the ations on the Pacific, and, indeed, of “the whole boundless universe,” demands more space for a re- cord of events, and a dozen pages are now reqaired for even a meagre outline of One Year's History ot the World. We therefore commence the Publication of the history of 1853. It will be completed by the lst proximo. Appearing in the papers of the last three days of the year, it will form a complete index to the contents of the Hexatn, and be of inestimable value to all public institutions and private individuals who preserve and bind their Papers for future reference and for future genera- me. * The News. The variety of news andthe ex'reme importance of most of the intelligesce which reached us from Europe, Asia, aud Africa during the year which is now drawing to acloze, indaced us to Gepart from our accftomed plan of chronological arrangemen', and to keep the history of all remarkable eveats which occurred in the other quarters of the globe distinct from the cbronology of events in the United States and Territories. Our fore'gn chronology ap- pears in another part of this morning's papsr. Our readcrs will find a brief notice of all the great ehanges which have affected the monarchs and people of the Old World for twelve months past. In this short space of time Louis Napoleon has established and maintained the Empire ia Franve; Queen Victoria has added another Prince to the royal stock of England; the Queen of Port been enddexly cut off from life, and Santa Asra pre'aimed His Serene Highness 0’ Mex have detailed the progress of the Ameri Expedition, and of the English Arctic tion under McClure, which effected covery of a Northwe-t paseage. The ter- mination of the Montenegrine and Kaffir wars, the progress of the revolution in Cuina, and the commencement with the battles, both by land snd cea, of the Turkish war, are here noted, with a * large amount of matter, which will be found most interesting to read, and usefa! for future reference. We publish to-day an interesting account of the ships launched from, and those now in course of construction at, the New York yards. By a com- parison with the close of 1851, it shows that the ton- mage nowon the stocks has nearly doubled since that time, an increase probably that has not been eguailed by any other branch of industry in the country. The steamship Winfield Scott, whose loss we an- nounced in yesterday's paper, was owned by the Pa- cific Mail Steamship Compasy, and carried the mails and passengers between Pauama and San Francisco. She was a uoble vessel, of 1,300 tons, bailt in 1850, by Messrs. Westervelt & Mackey, for Davis & Brooks, who employed her tor some time between this city and New Orleans, previous to transferring her to her last owners. She was valued at $225,000, and was insured for $195,000. The accident is reported to have happened during 2 Gense fog, about midnight, on the 2d inst., within thirty-six hours run from San Francisco. Messen- gers were immediately despatched to the latter place, two eteamers were sent down by the agents of the company, and on the 7th instant the dis the rescued passengers, mails and treasure were again on their way to Panama. This prompt and energetic activity is deserving the highest commen dation. Notwithstanding delays aad breakdow:s, the company, by keeping a force of steamers in re serve, have never lost a trip in a service of nearly five years. The steamer California, which was sub- stituted for the Winfield Scott, took from San Fran- cisco one million and one hunéred thousand dollars in go’ d, and about five hundred passengers. The funeral ceremonies of Hon. Brookins Cam - bell, of Tennessee, took piace in the Hall of the House of Represeniatives yesterday, and conse- quently no public business was transacted in either House of Congress. Mr. Miliburn, the blind Chap- Jain, delivered a sermon upon tke occasion that it is hoped will make a deep and lasting imprewion oa the minds of the honorable gentlemen who heard it, His allasions to those sycophants who, for the sake of advancing their own interests, fawn upon lezisla- rs and other public men, were extremely apropos, and must have keenly pricked the consciences of the grovelling hypocrites who seek to gain liveli- hhood by charming the ears ot their fellow men with hase and unmerited flattery. The remains of the deceased gentleman were placed in charge of a com- mittee, who will accompany them to his late home in Tennessee, after which the House adjourned till Raturdsy. Among other items from Washington, we learn that a general army court martial wil convene at West Point next Wedneeday, for the purpose of try. ing several cadets. Drafts to the amount of $1,704 689 were registered at the Treasury last week. See the despatebes and extracts from vations ne vs papers relative to the progress of events at the na- tional capital. By way of Buffalo we have some additional and very exciting particulars concerning the attack mate by the rioters upon the railroad e Creek, near Erie, last Tuesaay n we learn that many p r both It app nomber of the offiver ef the company, ou repairing thither to superinteud the laying down ef the vac’ which had veen demul- Pohes ou Lhe eVeuiny previous, ound hemselves con. | sides. fontet by an armed band of six or seven hundred men. A dreadful fight enmed, in #hich some of the employes were badly wounded, aud two of their a duction of the tariff, and possibly a war with Mexico or Spain, or both, with England and France to back them. Sailants were shot. The railroad men floaily retreat But these patent rights ure individual pro ed to the cars, whem, aiter a desperate stragsle | reries, The most conspicuous among ‘them are i with the ntagonis they managed to sturt the Woodworth’s planing machine, Goodyear’s ‘np. dia rubber inventions, Colt’s revolvers, Hi y.’s printing machines, and Morse’s telegraph. S,ome ofthese patents have already enriched their own- ers, but none have made them as rich #.s they desire to be, Hence, failing before the. Pateat Office, after the Commissioner conelu‘ies they have had a fair trial, these patentees must ap- ply toCongress for an act of relief,in the shape of a further extension for ten, fifteen, or twenty years, as the case may be. And this is the mo- dus operandi : Jobn Jones desires an exten- sion of his patent for his improved submarine almtight leather breeches. He is rich. He, or hés chief lobby ageat is amply supplied with money, gives royal entertainments to the mem- bers, loses some spare change among them at whist parties, and proves himself, altogether, such a good, excellent, clever fellow, that when his bill comes up the members can’t resist it, Jones is a good fellow. Let bim-pass. And Jones passes. Such is the mode, in addition to the usual boring, of working the patent gold placers at Washington: and the same plaa of operations applies to all the rest, upon a larger or smaller scale. bus it is that while Galpin and Gard- ner claims pass through, the small fry Lona jide claimants, whose bills yield no per centage in avy way, hang on, sometimes from year to yey, fluctuating between the two houses, till the claimant, a tax upon some poor widow, board- ing house keeper, or upon the almshouse, ceases to exist. The railroad spoils operations, however, will this session throw all others completely into the shade, Thesuccess of the great Illinois and Mobile Railroad last Congress, with its grants of several millions of acres, and various other smaller jobs of the same sort, has laid the groundwork for the absorption of every availa- ble alternate section of the public domain. These are log-rolling jobs—‘you vote for my bill, and I vote for yours”—after the fashion of the river and harbor appropriations. The temptation is great, where the prospect is directly or indirectly a dividend upon a single vote, of forty, fifty, or a hundred thousand dol- lars. These mines, therefore, exceed in rich- ness those very rich gulches in Australia where the gold is picked up in nuggets of fifty or a hundred pounds weight, and half a dozen such nuggets in a hole. The Pacific Railroad is the mater monstro- rum—the mother of all these railroad monsters, W. H. Seward has opened the game on this subject with a bill too hide-bound to travel. Gwin’s plan, or Benton’s plan, or Robert J. Walker’s plan, or some other plan covering a large haul upon the pub- lic lands, and a convenient advance of twenty- five or fifty millions ina Treasury loan, is the thing. Upon some such scheme as this the Pacific road will be pushed forward by all the means and appliances of gold mining on the very largest scale. The small fry railroad speculators will be satisfied with the public lands, The steamship projects from San Francisco to Japan, to Canton. to Australia, and to Val- paraiso; and from New York and other Atlantic cities, tothe West Indies, to Rio Janeiro, to Li- beria, &c., are next in importance to the rail- road placers. The army, navy and civil list fifty or sixty millions, are inevitable; but those appropriations involve many items which enter into the general business of Congressional gold mining. The whole grand schedule of these mining operations, with their tremendous aggregate of two hundred and eighty millions of dollars, im- mediate or prospective, will constitute the basis of all the legislation of Congress during this session and the next. We shall have de- bates upon the slavery question, upon the tariff, the land reform, the homestead bill, the distribution of the land proceeds, upon the democratic party and the administration, “manifest destiny.” Cuba, So- nora, Santa Anna, and what not; but every- thing else will be overwhelmed by the various plans and combinations for the working of these government gold mines. The President’s message and documents do not furnish even a skeleton outline of the real programme of Congress. Nota bit of it. The real programme we have just laid down. Iu carrying it out, the rush to these rich diggings by the spoilsmen will be unparalleled. Com- mittees of lobby members, claim agents, patent agents, railrosd agents, French spoliation agents, including sharp lawyers, stock jobbers shavers, and spoilsmen of all descriptions, will gather into Washington, filling the purlicus of Congress, swarming in the hotels, feasting and being feasted, present everywhere, active every- where—active in the lobby, more active over the champagne and oysters, but most active with a pliable member of Congress by the but- ton-hole, or a Cabinet minister open to convic- tion. These movements for the spoils will also give an unusual activity to fashionable society in Washington; for balls and routes and evening parties will attract there many ambitious and some charming fortune-hunters. hopeful of some of the prizes, Such will be the general onslaught upon these Washington gold diggings and their estimated riches for this one session, if worked out, of two hundred and eighty millions of dollars. For this work, the re-organization of the Cabinet and the dominant party. upon the spoils platform of Martin Van Buren, is all that could be desired. We may call it the second term of Van Buren; the general bankrupt law, perhaps, yet to be included. The difference between this term and that from 1836 to 1840, will be chiefly in the larger appropriation of the spoils under the present spoils coalition Cabinet, act- ing in concert with the spoilsmen of both houses of Congress and the outside army of epoilsmen. Ina word, the prospects are that the present session of Congress will result in a catalogue of plundering operations upon the locomotive, and thus escaped bo the New York State line. Findiog that the lives of their operatives are likely to be sac: ifived, the railroad company now re- fuse to run their tra\us bayond our Sta’e line. Thus it will be seen the people of Erie have at last accom- plished their purpose of compelting the travelling public to either pay them tritwee, or olse remain witheut the territoriat linits of the town. Now let us vee whet steps the general government will take aiter. An infuriated mob, countenanced eouraged by the local anthorities of Erie, have ble ocked up a pubic bighwag, set the decrees of the courts at defiance, and attempted to murder those whe were engared ii the performance of their duty upen the r Mectings ere being held in the dit- ferent large cities of the West, to take into considera- tion the outrageous condnet of the inhabitants of Erie; inless the government moves speedily in the matter, the law breakers may be taught a lesson that they will net soon forges by 9 rival and more formidable, but equally wlawfal, mob. Four etores on Notre Dame street, Montreal, con- taining 1 large amount of very valuable dry goods, furs, éec., were entirely consumed by tire on Sunday morning. Three of the establishments were insured | tor upwards of $120,000. The bill for the incorporation of the Pacific Rail road has passed both brauches of the Texas Legis- lature and become a law. Now for the work on the proposed line 0° route and iu Coogress. We have received from our Jersey City reporter @ statement with regard to a very curious breach of promise and seduction case, ic which a resident of this city i: eated. We have-no room for the re" port. The New York State Academical and Collegiate Association commenced a session in Albany yester- day. About forty delegates were present, among them the professors, principals and teachers of the leading institutions of leaning inthe State. The convention will probably remain in session two or three days. The Board of Assistant Aldermen met last eve. ning. The Ninth Avenue Railroad bil! came down from the other Board, and a motion was made to concur in their action, which overrides the Mayor's veto, The motion was adopted—filteen to three, The Board voted to concur with the Aldermen in the matter of the extension of the Bowery to Frank lin square, and, therefore, the resolution in favor of that improvement has received the sanction of both boards. The Bosra concurred with the Aldermen in the increase of the salary of ‘he copying clerk in the Street Commissioner's office’to $1 000 perannoum. Assistant Alderman Ring istroduced a resolution to bring the case of Chief Engineer Caraon before the full Board. A motion to lay upon the table was carriei—10 to 7. The Board coucurred with the Aldermen in the matter of the erection of a new Firemen’s Hall, at a cost of $24,000; also, for the new Catherine Market, at a cost of $36,979. In addition to a great variety of other business, the Beard of Aldermen adopted a resolution fixing the ealary of the Commissioner of Streets and Lamps at twenty-five hundred dollars per year. Both Boards will meet again this evening. The convention for the appointment of a Commis- sioner of Jurors again assembled last evening, and upon the tenth ballot elected Mr. U. D. French to fill the office. The Superior Court was not repre- sented. The anniversary sermon of the Orphan's Home of the Episcopal church of this city was delivered last evening, at Calvary Church, by Rev. Dr. Hawkes. We to-dcy publish late and very interesting letters from Havana, and the decision of Judge Mitchell, etting at liberty Alexander Heilbonu, claimedas a logitive from justice by Great Britain, together wit & great variety of other entertaining matier to whicb we have no room to refer in detail. Great News from Washington Discovery of Immense Gold Mincs—Fhe Diggers and their Plans. Our information from Washington for the last two days is of the most svartling and ex- traordinary description. We have never heard of anything to compare with it. It amounts to nothing more nor Jess than the developement of the richest gold placers in the world, (the whole world.) and the disclosure of the va- rious combinations of diggers, and their plans for getting out the precious gold. In other words, the spoils and the schemes of the spoils- men at Washington, for this session of Con- | gress, exhibit a state of things the most extra- ordinary and astounding that has been brought to light in the history of this country. We have seen much, we have heard more. and are constantly hearing more, of the won- derful gold diggings of California and Aus- tralia. They are the living wonders of the age. But the aggregate returns of California and Australia do not, probably, exceed a hun- dred millions a year. Then look at the labor, the privations, and the bardships exact- ed of the diggers. There are not less than a hundred thousand of thege workers in the diggings of California. including the wet, the dry, and the quartz diggings. And, subject to all the hazards of the climate, working in the eun and rai, sleeping in tents or in the open air, living upon half rations, cut off from civilized society. and exposed to the dangers of cut-throats, thieves, and Indians, what are the chances for the poor California miners? More than equal that they will leave their bones upon the soil, or return home much the woree for wear and tear. Not so with the rich placers at Washington There the gold diggers, beginning with the mem- bers of the Cabinet, the House and the Senate, and going down to the fifth rate lobby mem- bers, live on the fat of the laud. They are sheltered from the sun and the rains, they ride in cayriages, they flourish at evening parties. and they get out their gold already coined, without the pick, or spade, or gold washer. The only excavations which they have to make are into oyster pies, and their digging is limited to canvasse-backs and the lame ducks of both houses of Congress. Easy work, theirs, and Uncle Sam and the dear people foot all the bills. Here is o list of come of the rich placers at Washington, apon which operations have been or are to be commenced, upon a large scale, during ¢he present session. We find these placers in the following PLANA AND PROJEOTH. Renewal of ten, fifteen or twesty pa tents, for ten, fifteenor twenty years, estimated aggregate value, say. . Pacific railroad, ad other railroads, | ia $25,000,000 public Innds and loans)............ 150,000,000 | treasury entirely without a precedent, even in Steamebip lines and contra 15,000,000 } the history of Martia Van Buren. At such Army acd Navy........ 26,000 000 abe. Civil list, pablig debts, &c. 55,000,000 | 2 crisis, it devolves upon the independent press Individual claims. . peeled of the country to be vigilant and fearless in French spoliations. waking up the independent people, North and South, East and West. to the dispersion of the sporlsmen and the rescue of the government from their hands, Otherwise we may expect to have our schedule of the Washington gold mines cleaned out to the full extent of jwo hundred and eighty millions of dollars; and we may also expect it to be followed up with reck- less speculation, wide-spread profligacy, universal explosion; and the whole to conclude with another geueral Daukrupt law. Sueb is bhe Gruul G Lue tide, Total. . $280,000,000 fo this vast amount there ‘will beat offeet in the receipts of the hg = and surplus, sey $80,000,000 In public jands, rane and Hablities... ¥.75,000 000 In individual! patent rigita . 2.000.000 Total. ’ $28 0,000) 00 Thus striking an even balance if the who. echedule is carri brough, and cleaning ibe Treasury, cleaning off the available pnbite lands, and saddling the government with th blessing of a rational debt, ip addition to a ru and a Higher Law at Erte. Some three weeks have elapsed since the in- habitants of Erie. Pa, resolved to disgrace themselves and the State of which they are citizens. We all know how completely they have succeeded. Fora period of twenty days it would appear -that the constituted authorities have been passive spectators of the most lawless out- rages ever committed by a Vandal mob, Even this attitude was not shameful enough for the Mayor of Erie: he claimed the leadership of the rioters, and is clearly identified with their crimes. At the time that the mob was tearing up the railroad track, threatening the telegraph office, and subjeeting travellers to every iucon- venience that bigoted malice could devise, this worthy official alluded to his civic rank as an honor! Rumor ascribes similar sentiments to other functionaries, whose bounden duty it was to preserve the public peace and protect the railroad against these modern barbarians; and however reluctant we may be to come to such a conclusion, we cannot help inferring from the ecenes of the last few weeks that the whole Erie community is equally implicated in these out- rages, and equally sunk in degradation. With such a conviction forced upon our minds, we cannot regret that the law, so long contemued with impunity, should at length have been vin- dicated, and that the rioters should at last have paid some portion of the penalty due to their offence. On Tuesday last, we are told, two of the mob were shot by the railroad officials. On the pre- vious evening they had again torn up 4 portion of the track and destroyed a bridge ; and the state of feeling in the town was such that there were substantial grounds for fearing still greater disturbances. Under these circumstances, grievous though it be to resort to the wilful destruction of life, we cannot do otherwise than applaud the necessary homicide. It is question- able, indeed, whether any blame would have attached to the railroad officials had they adopt- ed this method of defending their property at an earlier stage of the riot. Our laws impose sage restraints on the use of murderous weapons, and protect the life of the guilty from the ven- geance of passion; but‘it is a fundamental doc- trine, both of natural and municipal law, that where the established authorities fail to protect individuals,it becomes their right and their duty to protect themselves. In such a case, tender- ness of human life is a fault, not a virtue. Im- punity not only encourages bad men to repeat their crimes, but inflicts a grave injury on so- ciety. The jaw loses its claim to obedience on the one side, and its right to confidence oa the other. One life spared in such an emergency frequently costs many lives afterwards, and operates powerfully to disorganize the social frame, and to deprive the State of that respect which, after all, constitutes its ouly real control over the community. The most painful reflection suggested by the Erie riot is, that it is not the first nor the se- cond triumph of brute force over law and order which it has been our duty to record within the last few months. Indignant as we may feel at the reproaches of foreigners, a dis- passionate review of our recent history caunot failto give birth to a deep sense of shame in our own minds. A spirit of lawlessness is abroad among us. Excuse, palliate, defend it as we may, there is not in the people of the United States that respect for law and order which used to be our leading characteristic as a people, and on the preservation of which the safety and prosperity of every republic must depend. The maintenance of standing armies or other powerful instruments of the law would be contrary to the spirit of our institutions. There never can be in this country a physical force mustered under the orders of the autho- rities on every point strong enough to suppress by violence a general outbreak of the citizens. For a ‘time, at all events, the latter, if they choose, will always be able to trample the law under foot. It follows that our chief reliance must always be placed in the good sense and orderly character of our people. The moment their reputation as a God-fearing, law-loving race deserts them, the prospects of the United States will be gloomy indeed. And it behooves us all to anticipate so disastrous an event by giving due weight to its premonitory symp- toms, and checking the eviiin the bud. We shall not fulfil our duty by merely vindi- eating the law when it is assailed. We must go farther back, and seck the source of this new feature in our vational habits. The search need not occupy much time. We shall find it in the insidious writings and teachings ot those who, to gain their own ends, have perseveringly endeavored to supersede the law of the land by continual reference toa “higher law.” The demagogues who applaud resistance to the Fu- gitive Slave law, and who teach their hearers to revile the constitution, are the real authors of the epirit of insubordination and lawlessness which is abroad. Tell the untutored masses” that one of those great principles which consti- tute the groundwork of society is unjust, irre- ligious, and contrary to the spirit of reason and truth, and they will logically conclude that submission to the others may be safely dis- carded. The men who tore up the railfond track at Erie did not think that they were guilty of a greater wrong than the higher law men of Syracuse ; and we confeas we see no material difference between the two shades of infamy, though the one was glorified and the other agsailed by the organs of William H. Sew- ard. He may discriminate between crimes which gerve no purpose and crimes which raise him to power, but the public, daily taught by his organs to sneer at marriage, to ‘‘spit on” the constitution, to resist acts of Congress, and to trample on the law of the land, cannot be expected to draw such fine distinctions. He and his allies are rightly responsible for the outrages which have taken place at Erie and elsewhere. Ean .y IN THE Fretp.—We notice that a jour- nal published in Camden, New Jersey, has al- ready nominated Mr. Everett as the candidate for the Presidency at the next election. This is anticipating the action of caucuses and con- ventions with a vengeance. We are glad to see it. If, as there seems good ground for expect- ing, the next Presidential election be a scrub race, the sooner the men are placed before the country the better. Each State should bring forward its candidates at once, in order that the people may have ample opportunity to de- cide upon their merits,and that those whose duty it may be to choose one out of the three victors may be fully prepared to ‘discharge that im- portant office knowingly. Camden has already hoisted the Everett fag. Who follows next? 5 ormeuty end tte ronec sable mortet on, the tro pres y for ovr present Pepa - Tue Broapway Ramnoap—Syurrous or an Emurvure.—The public mind hasrecently been excited to the highest degree relative to the ‘projection of a railway through Broadway, and particularly in regard to the case of a certain company who desire the privilege of building such a road, to extend from the Battery to Man- hattanville—Broadway being the avenue through which the cars are to pass. The ar- gumests for and against this project have been stated, iterated, and reiterated; the public, then, is informed thoroughly upon the subject. Tho opposition party is bitter—the party in favor is determined. There is no doubt in the minds of the parties directly interested as to the fate of the bill now before the Common Council. They are certain that it will pass by a majority suf ficient to overcome the Mayor’s veto. Before New Year’s day the company will have the permission of the people of New York, as ex- pressed by their legal representatives, to lay down their rails in Broadway. This is supposed to be # fixed fact. We are also informed that the railway com- pany will proceed to work at once. It is sup- posed that the bill will pass on Saturday even- ing. The company have engaged a force of three thousand men, who will commence to take up the pavement, beginning at Stewart’s estab- lishment on the same night! This work will go on with vigor, and it is expected that the rails will be ready for the cars in ten days trom the time at which we write! These movements promise to create an ex- citement, compared to which the street preach- ing breeze was only a flutter. The reverend Mr. Parsons will be obliged to hide his “ dimin- ished” head. Archbishop Hughes’ epistles will no longer excite any attention, and the Abbé McMasters may fire away at Mit- chel, but his assaults will pass unnoticed. The Broadway railway is the topic. Peo- ple will talk about it—praise it—abuse it— and, perhaps, fight about it. The company expect a strong opposition, from the indications of thé present; and it is probable that the ef¢ forts of their laborers will be opposed with physical force. Other persons of that class, always ready for a fight in any cause— will be ready to join them, and blood may be shed before the supremacy of the law can be effectually maintained. In a great city like New York, there are always to be found the elements of disorder. It needs but a leader toapply the torch, and the conflagration will become general. In view of all these circumstances we call upon the Mayor to make proper provisions for the preservation of our civic peace, our civic character, aud our civic dignity. As chief ma- gistrate of the city, he should be prepared for the threatened disturbance ; he should see that the right arm of the municipal power, the citi- zen soldiery, is ready to strike if the blow should be needed. By wise preparations he may avert the destruction of property and the injury to life and limb which would ensue from an emeute in a crowded city like New York: The Mayor should be prepared to act with wis- dom, firmness, discretion, and forbearance. Therefore we call upon the Mayor to be Prepared, and we warn the people to stay at home. None but the disorderly and lawless will attempt the molestation of those engaged. in the execution of an act for which they have official sanction. Let all such remember that the penalty will be exacted, sooner or later. Tne New Durme mr Mextoo. A tolegraphio despatch from New Orleans, pablished in the Henarp of yesterday morning, communicated ihe information that news had been received in that city, from the capital of Mexico, up to the 17th instant, from which it appeared that Santa Anna had izened a decree promulgating his ac- ceptance of the supreme directorship of the country for life. We gave exclusively, last week, 9 literal translation of the act of Gua- | dalajara, adopted by a conclave of political par- tisans, on the 17th ot November last, under the terms of which Santa Anna is invested with his new dignity and powers. The only depar- ture from its provisions is, that whereas it pro- posed to confer on Santa Anna the title of Captain General of Mexico, he has chosen that suggested by one of the departments, to wit: “His most Serene Highness.” According to the terms of the act he is to hold power during his life or pleasure, and at his demise, or other sooner evacuation of his high position, is to have the right of nominating his successor. This consummation of Santa Anna’s imperial projects verifies, substantially, all that we have predicted of his policy for many months past. We have known, almost ever since hia recall from banishment last spring, the design which he entertained, and for the accomplish- ment of which he has been gradually preparing the public mind of Mexico by renewing various military orders, and by distributing titles of honor, crosses, and decorations among his friends. Only in the ex- traordinary title which he has assumed have our predictions failed to be fully realized. We ex- pected he would have boldly and ostentatiously donned the imperial purple, had himself pro- claimed Antonio Primero, and continued the form of government initiated by Iturbide. What could have induced his most Serene Higness to adopt the title ofa German prince we are utterly at a loss to comprehend, except it may be that, notwithstanding all his prepara- tory measur.s, he finds that the republican mind of Mexico is not yet sufficiently illiberal- ized to tolerate an empire eo nomine, and that 80 he compounded for a title less repugnant to popular prejudices. We cannot find much fault with our old friend Senta Anna for the steps he has taken. Every ove having a tolerable appreciation of the po- litical and social condition of Mexico must recognise its utter inadaptation to republican institutions. The several States, or Depart- ments as they are now called, have not within themselves that vitality, that cohesiveness, those self-sufficient elements of existence neces- sary to constitute sovereign and independent States, confederated together under one general government like that of this republic. Hence the form of government best adapted to their normal condition, is a strong despotic centralizing one, such as Santa Anna is now in- augurating. In fact, so palpably does this absence of vitality in the respective depart- ments exhibit itself, that the government organ of Havana. in a somewhat remarkable article which we publish to-day, suggests to Mexico the policy of submitting to the recent filibuster- ing invasion of its territory, on the ground that the State of Sonora is of no vital importance to the Mexican nation, and can well be dispensed with. We doubt not that Santa Anna’s coup Wéat, like that of Louis Napoleon, would be sustained, if necessary, by the snffrages of the § Mexican people, The wecautile classes of th Fl population, whose interests have suffered so” much by the unsettled state of society there— the chureb, whose very existence depends npon the firm establishment of law and order—and the large landed proprietors, whose estates are more or less endangered and reduced in value by each succeeding revolution—these three powerful classes have united in lending their countenance and support to the preten- sions of Santa Anne. The reason of it is ob- vious. They know that a strong central go- vernmeut is the only one by which their seve- ral interests can b2 adequately protr / and by which Mexico can expect to holu... place in the rank of independent nations. The merchants of Mexico have been, during the sway of previous governments, when therg was no such thing as permanency, so much at the mercy of factions, changing the tariff every three months or so, that it was as impossible that they could flourish as a class, as that the nation could progress in material wealth, power or influence. And they are fully conscious that only ona firm and despotic government like that established by Santa Anna, can they rely for that freedom from anarchy and that permanency of mercantile regulations, without which there can be no commercial or national prosperity. The church, which is-one of the mo«t powerful and influential elements in Mexi- can politics, is always in favor of absolute power being concentrated in some individual, rather than in the people, Absolutism and cen- tralization are much more congenial to ecclesi- astical principles and feelings than democratic institutions ; and until Santa Anna takes measures for the hy pothecation of the enormouz church property of Mexico, he may firmly rely on the support of that puissant element of so- ciety. The great landed proprietors are also his natural allies in this assumption of power. And so, for a while, at all events, Santa Anng may govern securely and efficiently. We hope he will; but we apprehend that, notwithstand- ing all these influences, the Mexican people will soon again beeome discontented and revolution- ary, and with the fall of Santa Anna will be apt to terminate the exclusive national existence of Mexico. ANOTHER MoonsutxeE Prosect.—Everybody has noticed the peculiar animosity with which the Seward organs have assailed the Walker scheme for building a Pacific railroad. One of their articles on the subject we deemed so true and so forcible that we transferred it to our own columns, innocently believing that our co- temporary’s ground for opposing the bubble was as honest and as disinterested as our own. It now appears that we, and we dare say many others, have been duped. The Seward opposi- tion to the Walker project was not based on any doubts of its feasibility, but simply on the fear that it would anticipate another rival scheme, to be brought forward by Mr. Seward himself on the floor of Congress. Our tele- graphic intelligence of yesterday let the cat out of. the bag. Mr. Seward has presented to the Senate a bill for the construction of a rail- road to the Pacific, and obviously aims at the annihilation of the Walker scheme. It is hardly necessary to enter into the details of his project at present. Suffice it to aay, that, like all the other schemes, its leading feature ic the dependence of the railroad company on government support, in the way of money, stocks and land. This alone will insure for it the opposition of sensible, practical men. The Seward clique, however, imagine that it will succeed, and are already gloating over the gain tobe made by them and their friends. Of the nature of the “arrangements” which have been entered into by the railroad men and the Seward newspapers some idea may be formed from the insinuations recently thrown out by the New York Tribune. That immaculate journal has never ceased to suggest that its co- temporaries had been bought up. by offers of stock in the Walker scheme. Those who are familiar with the stock jobbing tendencies of its proprietors will at once understand the mo- tive and origin of these charges. We are not aware of the exact amount of fancy stocks now held in the Tribune office, but a tolerably fair estimate of its interest in the company for which Mr. Seward is acting may be formed from the amounts of the bribes it accused the Express, Commercial,and others, of having re- ceived from Mr. Walker. Broadway Theatre—“The Cataract of the Ganges.” Moneriefl's melo-cramatic spectacle, “The Oxtaract of the Ganger,” wen produced on Monday night, and has sizce been played to full honser, The receipts on the first night id to have excseded eightegn hundred dollars. «The Cateract of the Ganges’ was first played at Drury Lave, London, Nov. 8, 1823, where it was played Curing the entire season. The names of James Wallack, B. Webuter. J. Barnes, Harley, Miss Phillips, Miss Povay, ‘and Mire Kelly wore included in the cast. It was next Produced at the Park theatre, in 1824, where it hade very Jong run. Messrs. Foote, Simpson, Wheatley, T. Barry, Richings, Hilson, Mesdames Wheatley, Hackett, and Hilon, played tbe principal parte, It wae also played at the Federal street, Tremont, and Na- tioval theatrer, Boston, ard we beliere at none of the ether Americen theatres, At the Broad. way theatre, the audiences have included ‘many persons who were delighted with it im their youthful Gays, and desire to recall those charming remial:cences, Others who were not so fortunate, bas who have long heard of the splendor of the play, have rushed with en- thuriaom to its present performance, The play was writ- ten to ai The scene is laid in the interior of India, and as the story is pretty welleknown, we shall give only ro much of itas is necessary to explain the remarks wo may have to make concerning the acting of the several parts. The story is founced upon the custom once pre- valent among the Jabrejabs—they indulgedin thelaxury of strangling all their femate infants. The Rajah of Gu- verat (Howard) bas ‘one fair daughter and no more.’ To eave her life he gives out that she is » boy, and ‘rings her up as his son and heir. The Kmpe- ror of Delhi (Matthews) deslares war against tho Rajah, and the play opens with the view ofa battle- field, While the Rejah has gone to the war he ix vests Mokarra, ® Brabmin (Conway,) with his authority, The Emperor proposes peace to Mokarra on condition that Zamixe, the Ry '# child, (Mme. Ponisi,) who is supposed to bes boy, shall wed his daughter. After a great deal of ¢iplomacy, the ceremony ie to be performed, when the Rejah retarne ond declares the sex of Zawine. She and he ought to die, according to law, but Mokatra agrees to Allow bim to live in case he ip the right of suboes- sion and offers up Zam: to Juggernaut. The ‘Rejah rejects this proponal; but Mokarra carries off Za. mine tg the Temple of Juggernant, where he makes the basest proposals to her. She refuses; he drinks and fleeps; Zamine is rescued by troops under Iran, (Laner- gin ) @ mighty mon of battle among the Hindoos. There is great battle scene, with » cataract—Iran places Za+ mine upon his horse and she rides up ths sasent. There is @ g:eat deal of indiscriminate skirmishing which. results in the victory aad happiness of the virtuous peo- ple—the deata of Moharra, and “grand tableau,” of” course. ‘The piece, »s done at the Proadway theatre, is interest ing. bat ir not withont faults, The Ianguage is generally common plece, with the exception of two or three clap- trap ryesches by Mordeunt, (Mr. ©, Popo,) aa Boglish officer in the Rajah’s service, Mr, Conway, as the Brsbinen, wee good; but we cannot see why ths author rhonld mote bim “laugh? so many times “as opposi+ jon,’ when there is no possible opportunity for cachina+ tion on his pert, Mr Lanergan, as Iran, locked well ang acted well Next to Mokarra it wes the best played px Dike piece, Mr. Davricge played Jack Rvblasom, — gq